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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of iron is usually attributed to sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) in oil and gas facilities. SRM act upon the metal by the re-activeness of hydrogen sulfide (HS-), and by withdrawal of the available electrons in electrical contact with the metal (EMIC). Methanogenic archaea (MA) can also cause MIC (Mi-MIC). Several MAs were identified to be corrosive by using elemental iron as the sole electron donor for methanogenesis, including Methanobacterium-affliated IM1 and Methanococcus maripaludis Mic1c10. Currently, low corrosion rates were reported for MA, possibly due to the formation of siderite (4Fe + 5HCO3- + 5H+ ® 4FeCO3 + CH4 + 3H2O). Since MA do not produce HS-, withdrawal of electrons may be their main corrosive mechanism; however, mechanistic details and kinetics of the overall process are poorly understood.
To investigate the corrosion potential of MA, we studied the EMIC methanogenic strains (IM1 and Mic1c10) individually or part of a syntrophic co-culture with SRM. Corrosion studies were conducted using an in-house developed flow-through system to simulate fluctuating environmental conditions. Results indicate that the rates of iron corrosion by MA (up to 0.4 mm/yr) are higher to that caused by the marine SRM Desulfovibrio alaskensis (0.15 mm/yr) and the co-culture (0.1 mm/yr). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the metal incubated with MA showed severe pitting corrosion. Genomic analysis of the EMIC MA was conducted to provide an insight on the possible cellular mechanisms that could be involved. Furthermore, low concentrations of MA-targeting biocides will be applied to EMIC MA in static and flow conditions to gain insights for possible mitigation strategies. Such knowledge and deeper understanding also from an electrokinetic point of view may not only provide further models in microbial electrophysiology, but also contribute to mitigation strategies in MIC.
With the latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS - it is possible to analyze the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g. when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is highly unpredictable due to the diversity of microbial communities involved. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place.
The supplied document shows the basis of a four minutes lightning talk.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a now well-known challenge and affects industry, society and infrastructure. For a long time, the impact of methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC) was underestimated. This was mainly due to the rather low published corrosion rates and the presumed corrosion product siderite, which is not electrically conductive. In our laboratory, we were able to show that this trivialization or underestimation of Mi-MIC was due to the nature of the testing. The static systems used so far do not provide environmentally relevant information about the corrosion rate and the corrosion product, especially for methanogens
To further illustrate the importance of the environment on the MIC process, we established a multiport flow column (MFC), to simulate the natural environment. With this method, and in contrast to published results using the static conditions, we obtained ten times higher corrosion rates. We analyzed the corrosion products with a combination of techniques, like ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM, and found strong evidence that siderite is not the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. The corrosion layers contain phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron and lacked on carbon-related species. It is hypothesized that methanogens may have influenced the nucleation process of siderite, converting bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for methanogenesis. This results in increased localized corrosion and reduced siderite formation. To verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of additional environmental parameters (e.g. pH, salinity, flow rate etc.) on Mi-MIC and the subsequent impacts on corrosion rates and the corrosion products.
Overall, results of this study will expand the current understanding of MIC from both analytical and mechanistic points of view, thus aiding the development of different mitigation strategies for various industry sectors.
Inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ICP-ToF-MS) enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells due to a (quasi-)simultaneous detection of about 70 elements of the periodic table. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed which ensures the analysis of intact cells. It allows the studies of archaea at a single cell level which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research.
Corrosion is a very expensive and serious problem in the different industry sectors, eg. Petroleum-, On- and off-shore, infrastructure. It is estimated that 20% of all corrosion damage is caused by microorganisms or microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Several microorganisms are known to cause corrosion, including sulfate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, methanogens etc. For several years, methanogens were regarded as a mild corroder (~0.065 mm/yr), largely due to a lack of detailed investigation on the corrosion mechanism under real-environment simulated conditions. Resulting in the common belief that siderite, a non-conductive compound, is the sole corrosion product (CP) of methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC).
To simulate natural environmental conditions, we developed and introduced the multiport flow column system (MFC), a multi-sectional corrosion flow-cell. Using the MFC, we obtained ten times higher corrosion rates than previously reported. With a combination of several analytical techniques, such as ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM, we found strong indication that siderite is not the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. The corrosion layers contained phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron. The differences in the CP between static and dynamic environments demonstrated the impact of testing procedures on the corrosive potential of methanogens. To further verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of additional environmental parameters (e.g. pH, salinity, flow rate) on Mi-MIC.
Overall, results of this study will expand the current understanding of MIC from both analytical and mechanistic points of view, thus aiding the development of different mitigation strategies for various industry sectors.
Bei dem Vortrag werden die potentiellen mikrobiologischen Einflüsse im Falle der Lagerung von Wasserstofflagerung in unterirdischen geologischen Formationen vorgestellt, die Zusammenarbeit mit internen und auch externen Partnern. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf UGF; anaerobe Umgebungen, Sulfate reduzierenden Bakterien, methanogenen Archaea, weiterleitenden Systeme und die Kombination der Untersuchung abiotisch/biotische
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon of increasing concern which affects various materials and sectors of society. MIC describes the effects, often negative, that a material can experience due to the presence of microorganisms. Unfortunately, although several research groups and industrial actors worldwide have already addressed MIC, discussions are fragmented, while information sharing and willingness to reach out to other disciplines is limited. A truly interdisciplinary approach, that would be logical for this material/biology/chemistry-related challenge, is rarely taken. In this review we highlight critical non-biological aspects of MIC that can sometimes be overlooked by microbiologists working on MIC but are highly relevant for an overall understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we identify gaps, methods and approaches to help solve MIC related challenges, with an emphasis on the MIC of metals. We also discuss the application of existing tools and approaches for managing MIC and propose ideas to promote an improved understanding of MIC. Furthermore, we highlight areas where the insights and expertise of microbiologists are needed to help progress this field.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process dictated by the environment, microorganisms, and the respective electron source. Interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface remain unclear. The development of this novel single cell-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry analytical method and a MIC-specific staining procedure facilitate the investigation of steel-MIC interactions. With this it is possible to analyze the multi-elemental fingerprint of individual cells. The detection method revealed elemental selectivity for the corrosive methanogenic archaeal strain Methanobacterium-affiliated IM1. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering MIC on solid steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated. Results showed the cells responded at a single-cell level to the different types of supplemented elements and displayed the abilities to interact with chromium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum from solid metal surfaces. The information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research.
The role of methanogens in microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) is often neglected, due to 1) low reported corrosion rates and 2) the suspected corrosion product siderite, which is electrically non-conductive. Typically, MIC corrosion studies are carried out using batch cultures, which did not represent the dynamic conditions, i.e. pipeline and provide insufficient information on the overall corrosion potential.
We established a unique approach, a multiport flow column (MFC), to simulate pipeline conditions and obtained 10-times higher corrosion rates than previously published. Our result showed that testing procedures have a large impact on the corrosive potential of methanogens. We found strong indications with a combination of ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM analyses that siderite is not the sole corrosion product. The corrosion layers contain phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron. To verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of other environmental parameters (e.g. pH) on Mi-MIC.