Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2020 (5) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (3)
- Vortrag (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (5) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Hydrogen (2)
- Creep resisting materials (1)
- Diffusible hydrogen (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Explosion Limits (1)
- Explosion Protection (1)
- Fractography (1)
- GFRP (1)
- GMA welding (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- Ignition Source (1)
- Implant test (1)
- LNG (1)
- Lightweight design (1)
- Mechanical prtoperties (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Minimum Ignition Energy (1)
- Post weld heat treatment (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sicherer Umgang (1)
- Sicherheit (1)
- Synthetic Gas (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Weld metal (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (3)
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (3)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (2)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (2)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (2)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (1)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (1)
- 3.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 3.2 Gefahrguttanks und Unfallmechanik (1)
- 3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (2)
In the DECHEMA Virtual Talks, general aspects of the safety and acceptance of hydrogen technologies were presented. How can trust in new technologies be built when past accidents led to myths and fairy tales? The presentation does away with general prejudices and shows that handling hydrogen is neither more unsafe nor safer than handling other fuel gases. The basis for the safe handling of hydrogen is always a risk analysis.
Welded components of P91 9% Cr steel demand for careful welding fabrication with necessary post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Before the PWHT, a hydrogen removal heat treatment is necessary for avoidance of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC). In this context, the microstructure and temperature-dependent hydrogen diffusion is important, and reliable diffusion coefficients of P91 weld metal are rare. For that reason, the diffusion behavior of P91 multi-layer weld metal was investigated for as-welded (AW) and PWHT condition by electrochemical permeation experiments at room temperature and carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) from 100 to 400 °C. Hydrogen diffusion coefficients were calculated, and the corresponding hydrogen
concentration was measured. It was ascertained that both heat treatment conditions show significant differences. At room
temperature the AW condition showed significant hydrogen trapping expressed by to seven times lower diffusion coefficients. A preferred diffusion direction was found in perpendicular direction expressed by high permeability. The CGHE experiments
revealed lower diffusion coefficients for the AW condition up to 400 °C. In this context, a hydrogen concentration of approximately 21 ml/100 g was still trapped at 100 °C. For that reason, a certain HAC susceptibility of as-welded P91 weld metal cannot
be excluded, and hydrogen removal should be done before PWHT.
High-strength structural steels are used in machine, steel, and crane construction with yield strength up to 960 MPa. However, welding of these steels requires profound knowledge of three factors in terms of avoidance of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC): the interaction of microstructure, local stress/strain, and local hydrogen concentration. In addition to the three main factors, the used arc process is also important for the performance of the welded joint. In the past, the conventional transitional arc process (Conv. A) was mainly used for welding of high-strength steel grades. In the past decade, the so-called modified spray arc process (Mod. SA) has been increasingly used for welding production. This modified process enables reduced seam opening angles with increased deposition rates compared with the Conv. A. Economic benefits of using this arc type are a reduction of necessary weld beads and required filler material. In the present study, the susceptibility to HAC in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the high-strength structural steel S960QL was investigated with the externally loaded implant test. For that purpose, both Conv. A and Mod. SA were used with same heat input at different deposition rates. Both conducted test series showed same embrittlement index “EI” of 0.21 at diffusible hydrogen concentrations of 1.3 to 1.6 ml/100 g of arc weld metal. The fracture occurred in the HAZ or in the weld metal (WM). However, the test series withMod. SA showed a significant extension of the time to failure of several hours compared with tests carried out with Conv. A.
This paper describes the testing methods used to determine the thermal properties of insulation materials and mechanical properties of materials used for the load-bearing structure for pressure tanks (up to 4 bar, relative) and cryogenic liquids (LNG, −166 °C to -157 °C at atmospheric pressure). Goal is to design a transportation tank that does not exceed 4 bars (relative) within 10 h, starting at atmospheric pressure. PUR-foam is a suitable material for the insulation. A 12,5 l small scale tank prototype reached 4 bar (relative) within 87 minutes, which is, regarding the influence of the size, a satisfying result. The mechanical properties change significantly at cryogenic temperatures. The bending modulus is similar at first, but decreases at a certain point by appr. 50 %. However, the maximum stress is much higher and could not be reached within this testing setup.
Hydrogen differs from most other flammable gases regarding the safety related properties. Mainly the minimum ignition energy (MIE) is particularly low and the burning velocity is particularly high. Hydrogen mixtures are formed in different hydrogen applications, for example if hydrogen is added to the existing natural gas grid, if synthetic gas (mixture of CO and H2) is produced or in biogas plants. Safety related properties of hydrogen mixtures were determined experimentally and are presented in this presentation. Moreover the accuracy of estimation methods for safety related properties of hydrogen mixtures is evaluated.”