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- 2015 (13) (entfernen)
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- Zeitschriftenartikel (11)
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- LTCC (2)
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- Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) (1)
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- Dynamische Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (DySEM) (1)
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- Low temperature co-fired ceramics (1)
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- Nematode (1)
- O-Ringe (1)
- O-ring (1)
- Octopamine (1)
- Oxygen sensor (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Pfahlprüfung (1)
- Phase shifter (1)
- Pluronic (1)
- Poloxamer (1)
- Porous medium (1)
- Proteine microarray (1)
- Pt catalysts (1)
- Pt–Si layers (1)
- Safety distance (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Seal (1)
- Small molecule detection (1)
- Solvent effect (1)
- Sprayable sensor (1)
- Starvation (1)
- Temperature sensor (1)
- Theoretisches Modell der Bildentstehung (1)
- Tiefe Temperatur (1)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Vibrator (1)
- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) (1)
- Zinc detoxification (1)
- ZnO nanoparticles (1)
- electrochemical dealloying (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pore structure (1)
Silicate bioceramics possess an excellent bioactivity; however, shaping them into complex geometries is still challenging. Therefore, this paper aims to present a new strategy for the shaping of a bioglass-ceramic with controlled geometry and properties starting from a glass powder combined with a preceramic polymer, i.e. a silicon resin, and reactive fillers. The powder-based three-dimensional (3D)-printing of wollastonite (CaSiO3)-based silicate bioceramic parts was demonstrated in this work. The resin plays a dual role, as it not only acts as a non-sacrificial binder for the filler powders in the printing process but it also reacts with the fillers to generate the desired bioceramic phases. The mechanical and physical properties, i.e. ball-on-three-balls test, density, porosity and morphology, were evaluated in 3D-printed discs. These samples possessed a total porosity around 64 vol% and a biaxial flexural strength around 6 MPa. The raw materials used in this work also enabled the 3D-printing of scaffolds possessing a designed multi-scale porosity, suitable bioceramic phase assemblage and a compressive strength of 1 MPa (for cylindrical scaffolds with total porosity ~80 vol%). Solubility in TRIS/HCl and in vitro assays, i.e. viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, were also performed. In vitro tests indicated good cell viability and no cytotoxicity effect on the cells.
We report on the use of a sprayable and thermogelating biomaterial (Poloxamer; a.k.a. Pluronic) in optical imaging of pH values, local oxygen and temperature. The material is highly biocompatible and easy to handle. We also show that the material is well permeable to oxygen (thus making it a good choice for use in oxygen sensors), and is stable in liquid solution and at elevated temperature. We demonstrate its applicability in optical sensors for oxygen, pH and temperature. This was accomplished by incorporating appropriate luminescent probes in various kinds of microparticles (which act as hosts for the probes and prevent dye leaching and aggregation), and then dispersing the microparticles in the thermogelating polymer. The resulting sensor gels were deposited on the surface of interest via spraying at temperatures of <20 °C. At these temperatures, the gels adhere well to the target, even on uneven surfaces such as skin, wounds, and bacterial cultures. If temperature is risen to above 25 °C, the gels form a thin and soft but solid sensing layer which, however, can be simply removed from surface of interest by cooling and wiping it off, or by washing with water. Sprayable thermogelating sensors present obvious advantages over other sensors by not causing damage to the surface of interest. In our perception, the sensing materials also have wide further applicability in sensors for other species including clinically relevant gases, enzyme substrates (such as glucose or lactate) and ions.
New V-shaped non-centrosymmetric dyes, possessing a strongly electron-deficient azacyanine core, have been synthesized based on a straightforward two-step approach. The key step in this synthesis involves palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of dibromo-N,N'-methylene-2,2'-azapyridinocyanines with arylacetylenes. The resulting strongly polarized π-expanded heterocycles exhibit green to orange fluorescence and they strongly respond to changes in solvent polarity. We demonstrate that differently electron-donating peripheral groups have a significant influence on the internal charge transfer, hence on the solvent effect and fluorescence quantum yield. TD-DFT calculations confirm that, in contrast to the previously studied bis(styryl)azacyanines, the proximity of S1 and T2 states calculated for compounds bearing two 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenylethynyl moieties establishes good conditions for efficient intersystem crossing and is responsible for its low fluorescence quantum yield. Non-linear properties have also been determined for new azacyanines and the results show that depending on peripheral groups, the synthesized dyes exhibit small to large two-photon absorption cross sections reaching 4000 GM.
The distribution and speciation of zinc were studied in the body of female specimens of the soil-inhabiting, plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi treated with nano-ZnO and its bulk counterpart. Lyophilized nematodes were studied by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectrometry (XANES) in order to characterize the zinc speciation. Furthermore, in the cross-sections prepared by focused ion beam technique, elemental maps were obtained using the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique. XANES spectra were collected from three different regions (head, midbody and tail region) of nematodes in case of two different treatments (50 mg/L bulk and nano-ZnO suspension, 24 h long treatment). The sample spectra were fitted by the spectra of several reference compounds, the main components of the fitted spectra are the following in all cases: bulk/nano-ZnO; ZnHis and Zn3(PO4)2 * xH2O. Consequently, partial biotransformation takes place for both treatments, histidine- and phosphate-rich ligands play dominant role in the binding of zinc. According to the result of the EPMA analysis, it can be established that the distribution of zinc correlates with the calcium and phosphorus distribution for both treatments. Considering the results of the investigations performed by the two microanalytical techniques, it is likely that calcium phosphate granules were formed in order to bind zinc and hereby to take part in zinc detoxification. Apparent difference in the behavior of bulk and nano-sized ZnO in the body of the investigated nematodes was not found.
Die vorgelegte Arbeit zeigt die Ausarbeitung und die Überprüfung einer Theorie, mit welcher die Ergebnisse aus einem neu entwickelten Mess-Verfahren (DySEM-Technik) beschrieben werden können. Mit dem Begriff “DySEM“ (Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy) wird ein experimentelles Verfahren bezeichnet, bei dem ein Elektronenstrahl als Mess-Sonde über einem mikroskaligen Schwinger verfahren wird, wobei die Schwingung durch eingesetzte Lock-In Technik frequenzaufgelöst dargestellt werden kann. Neben dem klassischen Sekundärelektronen-Signal wird zur Bildgebung auch der Anteil aus dem Signal genutzt, der sich anregungssynchron ändert. Die DySEM-Technik ermöglicht eine direkte Visualisierung der Schwingungsdynamik der oszillierenden Struktur, da zwischen unterschiedlichen Eigenmoden (flexural, torsional) als auch den jeweiligen höheren Harmonischen optisch eindeutig unterschieden werden kann. Damit bietet sich dieses Verfahren als ein Werkzeug der Modal-Analyse mikroskaliger Schwinger an, welche in mikro- bzw. nanoelektromechanischen Systemen (MEMS bzw. NEMS) häufig Verwendung finden und bei denen eine Optimierung der Designparameter oft erst durch die Bildgebung der Schwingung zu erreichen ist. Zusätzlich zeigen die DySEM-Bilder charakteristische Amplituden-abhängige Bildmerkmale, die theoretisch verstanden werden müssen. Prinzipiell ist die DySEM-Technik nicht an den Elektronenstrahl als Mess-Sonde gekoppelt. Allerdings erweist sich gerade im Zuge fortschreitender Miniaturisierung mit immer kleinskaligeren Schwingern eine elektronenoptische Orts-Auflösung als günstig. Bei der theoretischen Analyse des Abbildungsmechanismus liegt der Fokus auf der Untersuchung der raum-zeitlichen Dynamik der Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronenstrahl und der periodisch darunter hinweg schwingenden Mikrostruktur, für die erstmals ein umfängliches Modell abgeleitet werden konnte, wodurch die detaillierte Interpretation der experimentellen Ergebnisse möglich wurde. Zusätzlich spielen lokale Eigenschaften (Materialeigenschaften) des Schwingers eine Rolle. Ebenso müssen die Beiträge von Energieverlustmechanismen zur Bildgebung berücksichtigt werden. Um die bildgebenden Gleichungen explizit ableiten zu können, beschränkt sich die mathematische Analyse in dieser Arbeit auf die Annahme eines frei oszillierenden, einseitig geklemmten Schwingers ohne Wechselwirkung mit Materie, wie es im DySEM-Experiment durch die Bildgebung im Hochvakuum angenähert wird. Die aufgrund dieses Modells simulierten DySEM-Bilder stimmen mit den experimentell gewonnenen Ergebnissen qualitativ und quantitativ gut überein.
This paper presents, the investigation of tunable components based on LTCC technology, implementing ferroelectric tunable thick-film dielectric. The tunable loaded line phase shifters are fabricated with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) varactors to demonstrate the capabilities of this method for packaging of the tunable components. The MIM varactors consist of one tunable dielectric paste layer that is printed between two silver layers. The tunable ferroelectric paste is optimized for LTCC sintering temperature around 850°C. The phase shifters are fabricated in two different process. They were achieved a figure of merit of 24°/dB (phase shift 192°) at 3 GHz and 18°/dB (phase shift 98°) at 4.4 GHz by using seven unit cells that each unit cell consisting of two MIM varactors.
Die beiden in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Beispiele zeigen, dass sich die Low-strain-Pfahlintegritätsprüfung noch über den bisherigen, schon sehr erfolgreichen Stand hinaus entwickeln kann. Der Einsatz von Vibratortechnik und passender mathematischer Methoden bietet das Potential, Prüfungen auch unter bisher nicht lösbaren Randbedingungen durchzuführen. Dazu gehören sehr schlanke Pfähle und Messungen bei hohem Störpegel. Der erhöhte Mess- und Auswerteaufwand ist jedoch im Einzelfall gegenüber dem erzielbaren Erfolg abzugleichen. Apparativ müssen noch Entwicklungsarbeiten geleistet werden, um einen einfachen und zuverlässigen Einsatz in der Praxis zu ermöglichen. Die Messung mit mehreren Sensoren entlang des Pfahls kann schon heute in der Praxis eingesetzt werden. In vielen Fällen lassen sich damit auch Messungen an Pfählen im Bestand durchführen, bei denen die konventionelle Pfahlprüfung aufgrund von überlagernden Signalen aus der aufgehenden Struktur versagt.
A volumetric source based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for estimating the wind and gravity driven spread of an elevated released dense hazardous cloud on a flat terrain without and with obstacles is demonstrated. The model considers the development of a worst-case scenario similar to that occurred at Bhopal. Fully developed clouds of a dense gas having different densities, under ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) with calm ground wind conditions are first obtained. These clouds are then allowed to spread under ABL with different ground wind speeds and gravity conditions. The developed model is validated by performing the grid independent study, the fluid dynamical evidences, post-disaster facts, the downwind MIC (Methyl Isocynate) concentrations estimated by earlier models and experiments on dense plume trajectories. It is shown that in case of an active dispersion under calm wind conditions the lateral spread would prevail over the downwind spread. The presence of a dense medium behaves like a weak porous media and initiates turbulence at much smaller downwind distances than that normally would occur without the dense medium. The safety distances from toxic exposures of MIC are predicted by specifying an isosurface of a minimum concentration above the ground surface. Discrepancies in near-field predictions still exist. However, the far-field predictions agree well with data published before.
Pressure-assisted sintering (PAS) is an established procedure for the production of low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) without lateral shrinkage and minimal shrinkage tolerances for automotive and high-frequency applications. To develop a feasible model for the prediction of densification during that process, master sintering curves (MSCs) for the commercial LTCC DP951 were generated from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) data in the pressure regime from 2 to 500 kPa. Strain mainly related to creep deformation of the LTCC was identified by evaluation of the strain rate and was discarded for the determination of MSC parameters. It was found that no creep occurred at any pressure up to a relative density of 0.9. Different pressure levels can be modeled with the same activation energy of 400 kJ/mol. Densification curves predicted by the model were in good agreement with experimental data. Based on MSCs, the pressure-assisted master sintering surface was compiled to illustrate the influence of pressure on densification. The results show that the MSC approach is a suitable method to feasibly predict the densification of LTCC during PAS.
Nosema ceranae, an emerging pathogen of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), is implicated in recent pollinator losses and causes severe energetic stress. However, whether precocious foraging and accelerated behavioural maturation in infected bees are caused by the infection itself or via indirect energetic stress remains unknown. Using a combination of nutritional and infection treatments, we investigated how starvation and infection alters the regulation of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and octopamine, two highly conserved physiological pathways that respond to energetic stress by mobilizing fat stores and increasing search activity for food. Although there was no response from AKH when bees were experimentally infected with N. ceranae or starved, supporting the notion that honeybees have lost this pathway, there were significant regulatory changes in the octopamine pathway. Significantly, we found no evidence of acute energetic stress being the only cause of symptoms associated with N. ceranae infection. Therefore, the parasite itself appears to alter regulatory components along a highly conserved physiological pathway in an infection-specific manner. This indicates that pathogen-induced behavioural alteration of chronically infected bees should not just be viewed as a coincidental short-term by-product of pathogenesis (acute energetic stress) and may be a result of a generalist manipulation strategy to obtain energy for reproduction.