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Im Rahmen der Herstellung und Überwachung von Arzneimitteln käme wohl niemand – außer dem alten Paracelsus – auf die Idee, diese Aussage in irgendeiner Form anzuzweifeln. Zeit, der Pharmazeutischen Industrie endlich einmal ein Kompliment zu machen. Danke zu sagen, für die technisch, wissenschaftliche Kultur, die fast für jede Krankheit etwas parat hat und uns, unserer Familie, unseren Freunden ein unbeschwertes und langes Leben ermöglicht. Leute, verkauft Euch doch nicht immer so schlecht!
Termite gut flagellates are colonized by host-specific lineages of ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that flagellates of the genus Trichonympha may harbour more than one type of symbiont. Using a comprehensive approach that combined cloning of SSU rRNA genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy, we investigated the phylogeny and subcellular locations of the symbionts in a variety of Trichonympha species from different termites. The flagellates in Trichonympha Cluster I were the only species associated with 'Endomicrobia', which were located in the posterior part of the cell, confirming previous results. Trichonympha species of Cluster II from the termite genus Incisitermes (family Kalotermitidae) lacked 'Endomicrobia' and were associated with endosymbiotic Actinobacteria, which is highly unusual. The endosymbionts, for which we suggest the name 'Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae', represent a novel, deep-branching lineage in the Micrococcineae that consists exclusively of clones from termite guts. They preferentially colonized the anterior part of the flagellate host and were highly abundant in all species of Trichonympha Cluster II except Trichonympha globulosa. Here, they were outnumbered by a Desulfovibrio species associated with the cytoplasmic lamellae at the anterior cell pole. Such symbionts are present in both Trichonympha clusters, but not in all species. Unlike the intracellular location reported for the Desulfovibrio symbionts of Trichonympha agilis (Cluster I), the Desulfovibrio symbionts of T. globulosa (Cluster II) were situated in deep invaginations of the plasma membrane that were clearly connected to the exterior of the host cell.
The absolute configuration of the title compound, C18H24O5·H2O, was not been determined by anomalous-dispersion effects, but has been assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure. Intramolecular O—H···O hydrogen bonds stabilize the molecular conformation. In the crystal, O—H···O hydrogen bonds link the main molecules and the water molecules, forming an infinite three-dimensional network.
The title compound, also known as cis-zearalenone (cis-ZEN), C18H22O5, has already been reported elsewhere [Griffin et al. (1981). ACA Ser. 29, 35], but no atomic coordinates are publicly available. The molecule is of interest with respect to its toxicity. In the crystal, intramolecular O—H···O hydrogen bonds stabilize the molecular conformation, while intermolecular O—H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form infinite chains along the [110] and [1¯10] directions. The absolute configuration has been assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure.
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H26O5, which is known as α-zearalanol, contains two molecules having the same conformation, with a r.m.s. deviation of less than 0.03 Å for all non-H atoms. In each independent molecule, an intramolecular O—H···O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, O—H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming infinite chains along [110] and [1¯10].