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- Concrete (11)
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- Chloride (6)
- Computed tomography (5)
- Corrosion (5)
- Durability (5)
- Repair mortar (5)
- Concrete repair (4)
- Cultural heritage (4)
- Normung (4)
Meteorites are a unique and inspiring material for microstructural studies because if their very specific genesis. Iron meteorites have been formed under unimaginable cooling rates of a few ten Kelvins per million years so that the observable transformation of the formerly huge Fe-Ni single crystals of taenite occurred under nearly-equilibrium conditions. Octahedrites (meteorites having a Ni content between 6...15%) are characterized by ribbons of the low-temperature Fe-Ni phase kamacite separated by rims of residual taenite. This very specific feature is known as Widmanstaetten structure and has been investigated by synchrotron radiation in order to cover a higher volume fraction for a statistically relevant description of orientation relationships. However, plessite – a microstructure mainly consisting of the same phases – reflects the orientation relationship between kamacite and taenite as well. For their characterization, a scanning electron microscope is very suitable in order to investigate crystal orientations or identify phases. Despite the apparently ideal formation circumstances of iron meteorites, Ni concentration profiles prove non-equilibrium conditions. Combined EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) measurements at a selected plessitic region of the Cape York iron shows that a correlation exists between Ni-concentration and the locally detected orientation relationship.
Hohe Empfindlichkeit und Ortsauflösung sowie eine kurze Prüfzeit
sind Anforderungen an ein leistungsfähiges Prüfsystem basierend auf magnetischen
ZfP-Verfahren für die Oberflächenprüfung. Dieses soll das sichere Auffinden feinster
Risse mit Tiefen von weniger als 50 Mikrometern gewährleisten.
Um eine gute Ortsauflösung zu gewährleisten, müssen in der Regel der Defektgröße
angepasste Sensoren zum Einsatz kommen. Speziell im Fall von
Risslängen kleiner als ein Millimeter sollten die Sonden für die Streuflussprüfung
ebenfalls Wirkbreiten kleiner als ein Millimeter aufweisen. Durch die daraus folgenden
geringen Spurbreiten ergeben sich allerdings lange Prüfzeiten. Der
begrenzten Prüfzeit und präzisionsbedingten mechanischen Grenzen in der Verfahr-
Geschwindigkeit einer Sonde kann mit einem Multikanalansatz begegnet werden.
Eine hohe Anzahl an Kanälen wiederum führt zu einem Platzproblem in der
Prüfsonde, schließlich erfordert die Verstärkung schwacher Signale im eine Reihe
von aktiven Bauelementen.
Der Schlüssel zur Auflösung dieses Konflikts ist der Einsatz moderner Schaltkreise
wie Multiplexer und FPGA. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir am Beispiel eines
48 kanaligen Testaufbaus für die GMR-basierte Streuflussprüfung ein flexibles miniaturisiertes
Elektronikkonzept vor. Dabei gehen wir auf die einzelnen
Komponenten zur Ansteuerung der Sensoren und zur Signalkonditionierung ein.
Wir berichten vom Design, Aufbau und der Charakterisierung des Multikanalmoduls
und seiner Erprobung im realen Prüfeinsatz.
This paper presents a numerical and an experimental procedure to obtain the pressure field in single-axis acoustic levitators. Numerically, the pressure field is determined by a matrix method based on the Rayleigh integral that take into account the multiple wave reflections that occur between the transducer and the reflector. The numerical pressure field is compared with the acoustic pressure measured by an earplug microphone, that is connected to a hollow needle. The tip of the needle is moved by a µm translation stage through the field and the signal is recorded using a lock-in amplifier locked to the levitator frequency. The pressure field obtained numerically show good agreement with that obtained experimentally.
Effects of amorphous nano-silica additions on mechanical and durability performance of SCC mixtures
(2012)
In the recent years the application of nanotechnology in building materials has increased
exponentially. One of the most referred and used nano-materials is amorphous silica with
particles size in the nano-range, even though its application and effect in concrete has not been
fully understood yet. It has been reported that nano-silica (nS) addition increases the
compressive strength and reduces the overall permeability of hardened concrete due to the
pozzolanic properties which are resulting in finer hydrated phases (C-S-H gel) and densified
microstructure (nano-filler and anti leaching effects). These effects enhance the durability of
concrete structures such as bridges, quays or off-shore oil facilities in marine environments.
In this study two different types of nano-silica were applied in self-compacting concrete (SCC),
both having similar particle size distributions (PSD) but produced in two different processes
(fumed powder silica and precipitated silica in colloidal suspension). The influence of nanosilica
on SCC was investigated with respect to the properties of concrete in the fresh state
(workability) and hardened state (mechanical properties and durability). Additionally, the
densification of microstructure of the hardened concrete was verified by SEM and EDS analyses.
The obtained results demonstrate that an efficient use of nano-silica in SCC can improve its
mechanical properties and durability. Considering the reactivity of the two nano-silica studied,
colloidal type shown more reactivity at early age, which influenced all the final SCC properties.
Traditional earthen structures of cultural value are often damaged by static or dynamic loads. This is usually manifested by the appearance of cracks. All too often these cracks are insufficiently or inappropriately repaired if at all because of lack of knowledge and/or technology. In particular, the behavior of crack repair by grouting poses a challenge in earthen materials and demands specific requirements for the grouting mortar, such as low water content, good water retention, low shrinkage, etc. If dynamic loads, e.g. induced by earthquakes, are expected, the grouting material requires additional specifications such as a compatible strength and modulus of elasticity as well as good adhesion to the earthen materials. The study presents results from the development of a grouting material based on hydraulic lime mortar suitable for the repair of cracks in a variety of earthen building techniques. The goal was to develop a material also compatible with earthen structures exposed to dynamic load. The grouting mortar was designed to be adaptable in strength properties and at the same time to have sufficient robustness for the use on the construction site. First results show a satisfactory performance of the grout concerning fresh and hardened mortar properties as well as injectability. The study is part of our work in the framework of the ongoing project NIKER, funded by the European Commission dealing with improving imovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes.