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Chemie
(2000)
Four ISO/IEC-test charts have been defined in ISO/IEC 15775 (1999) to specify image reproduction of
colour copiers. Corresponding test charts have been defined in DIN 33866-1 to 5 (in print) to specify
image reproduction of colour copiers, printers, scanners and monitors. All colours of all test charts are
defined in CIELAB coordinates. In applications the devices including software are used for test chart
input and output in the three different combinations "analog - analog" (copiers), "digital - analog"
(printers, monitors) and "analog - digital" (scanners, Photo-CD-systems).
This paper uses mainly ISO/IEC-test colours of a 16 step grey scale (defined by olv*-coordinates
according to the standard) in the original scene to calibrate the variable (photographic and Photo-CD)
analog-digital process. The relative digital olv*-input data and the digital olv*'-output data are used to
get approximately the same digital output (image file) independent of exposure (e. g. between -1 stop
under to +2 stop over exposure for slide or negative film) and other variables, e. g. the digitizing Photo-
CD-process. This "direct" colour management method adds a new method compared to the ICC colour
management method which fails to handle variable processes and can not manage the variable data of
original scenes taken by the photographic process.
The committees ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28 and DIN-NI-28 "Information technology, Office equipment" have
worked together to develop the International Standard ISO/IEC 15775. The new national standards
DIN 33866-1 to 5 (in print, drafts May to Nov. 1999) and the International Standard ISO/IEC 15775
are based on equivalent colour series. Both use the same colour series both in digital and analog test
charts and approximately the same layout.
New colorimetric technologies of Germany and Japan have been used to produce the four DIN- and
ISO/IEC-test charts in offset printing (3600 dpi) which are in application for colour devices now.
The different productions will be shown, e. g. in halftone and continuous tone and in reflectance and
transmittance mode. Some problems of measurement (e. g. fluorencent photographic material) and the
accuracy of production is important for applications.
A flat area lamp which is shown at the conference has the chromaticity of D65. With transparent ISO/IEC-test chart material on top this equipment defines a reference monitor for comparison with display
output. For additional information see the URL: www.ps.bam.de
The International Standard series ISO/IEC 15775
and DIS ISO/IEC 19839-1 to 4 for specifying
image reproduction properties of colour reproduction
processes analog-analog (copiers), analog-digital
(scanners) and digital-analog (printers, monitors)
seem to overlap with the International Standard
series IEC 61966-X for scanners, printers and
displays. But there are fundamental differences. In
the ISO/IEC standards the coding of colours is
based on reflective colours (defined for standard
offset printing) and in the IEC series on luminous
colours (defined for television).
Members of the standard groups ISO/IEC JTC1/
SC28 and IEC TC100 TA2 which developed the
above standards try at the moment to define
extended colour spaces (wide gamut colour spaces)
compatible with the present spaces of the standards
ISO/IEC 15775:1999-12 and IEC 61966-2-1:1999-
10.The extended spaces should match the
requirements of both the users and the industry for
the different applications. Important advantages and
disadvantages of both solutions based on coding of
reflective and luminous colours are presented.
Four ISO/IEC-test charts in different modes (halftone
and continuous tone, in reflectance and
transmittance mode) have been defined in ISO/IEC
15775 and ISO/IEC DIS 19839-1 to 4 to
specify image reproduction properties of colour
copiers, printers, scanners and monitors.
Corresponding test charts have been defined in DIN
33866-1 to 5.
All colours of all test charts are defined in CIELAB
coordinates. Main colour series are equally spaced
in CIELAB colour space both in lightness L* and
chroma C*. Up to now there are productions of DIN
and JBMA (Japan Business Machine Makers
Association) according to ISO/IEC 15775 which can
be used for all applications.
Methodical aspects of soil sampling regarding the requirements of the federal soil protection act
(2000)
Verschiedene Labor- und Freilandstudien zeigen, dass Antrodia vaillantii ein Braunfäuleerreger ist, der chemisch geschütztes Holz (gemäss den Anforderungen der Gefährdungsklasse 4) stark abbauen kann. Hierbei spielt die erhöhte Oxalsäureproduktion des Pilzes und die daraus resultierende Kupferoxalatausfällung im Holz die entscheidende Rolle. Das Kupfer wird auf diese Weise für den Pilz weitgehend unschädlich gemacht und andere Holzschutzmittelbestandteile wie z.B. Chrom- und Arsenverbindungen verlieren ihre Fixierung im Holz und werden wasserlöslich. Dies führt zu Frühausfällen von chemisch geschütztem Holz im Erdkontakt innerhalb weniger Jahre. Laboruntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass der Holzabbau durch A. vaillantii bei hoher Wasserverfügbarkeit außerhalb des Holzes angeregt werden kann. Das hohe Feuchtigkeitsbedürfnis des Pilzes ist möglicherweise die Ursache für den Befall von Holz in bis zu 1,2 m Bodentiefe. Neben der hohen Bodenfeuchte gibt es Anhaltspunkte für weitere Parameter, die zur positiven Selektion von A. vaillantii und damit seiner stellenweise starken Ausbreitung führen. Diese sind hohe Toleranz gegenüber bereits vorhandenen niedrigen pH-Werten im Boden, das aktive Einstellen niedriger pH-Werte im Boden durch Säureabgabe und die Festlegung von Kuper als Kupferoxalat.