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A new safety characteristic named “dustiness” according to the German guideline VDI 2263 – part 9 is investigated. Dustiness describes the tendency of a powder to form airborne dust by a prescribed mechanical stimulus. Dusts often behave differently in a dust/air mixture or in the case of a dust explosion, even if they have comparable physical properties such as particle size and density. In order to look into the effects of dustiness on dust cloud Formation and explosion properties experiments and simulations in a 75 L vertical dust Dispersion glass tube apparatus were carried out. In a second step industrial-scale experiments were carried out in a 50 m³ silo.
Experiments showed that particle size and density are not the only factors which influence dustiness, since the chosen dusts with comparable densities and particle size distributions showed very different behavior in the flow. Other dust properties such as particle shape, specific surface area, humidity and agglomeration processes have an influence which can outweigh size and density. Preliminary explosion experiments showed that dustiness has an influence on the reduced explosion pressure and pressure rise in a vented 75 L test apparatus. In order to verify the results for applications in the process industries further tests with different settings were carried out in industrial-scale experiments. First dust concentration
measurements were done in order to evaluate the reproducibility of filling processes.
Experiments showed that single tests differed by 30 % and more from the average depending on dust sample and filling method. First explosion experiments with a worst-case
scenario in terms of high turbulence and homogenous dust distribution showed that the maximum reduced explosion pressures were well below the calculated values. Reduced
explosion pressures and rates of pressure rise of the hree tested dust were as their Explosion characteristics pmax and KSt let suggest.
The Euler/Lagrange and the Euler/Euler approaches were compared simulating dust/air mixtures. Especially sedimentation and the ability of the approaches to simulate the tendency of dust to stay airborne were investigated. The Euler/Lagrange approach is better
suited for simulating local dust concentrations, particle size distributions and particle forces.
With the Euler/Euler method it is possible to achieve fast solutions for one specified diameter.
The computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS CFX R14 was used for all simulations.