Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (503)
- Posterpräsentation (310)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (118)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (60)
- Buchkapitel (14)
- Sonstiges (12)
- Dissertation (7)
- Forschungsdatensatz (6)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (3)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (3)
Sprache
- Englisch (1043) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (1043) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Microplastics (46)
- Biocides (39)
- Corrosion (37)
- Antimicrobial resistance (30)
- Fluorescence (28)
- Mobile Robot Olfaction (27)
- Immunoassay (25)
- Biofilm (23)
- Soil (23)
- Environment (18)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (351)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (150)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (121)
- 6 Materialchemie (94)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (80)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (76)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (69)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (67)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (63)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (61)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (59)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (58)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (53)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (33)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (27)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (25)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (24)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (19)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (19)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (19)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (16)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (16)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (16)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (16)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (13)
- S.3 Ökodesign und Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (12)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (11)
- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (10)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (9)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (9)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (9)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (8)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (8)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (7)
- 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien (7)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (5)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (5)
- 4.6 Molekulare und angewandte Entomologie (5)
- 5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe (5)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (4)
- S.2 Digitalisierung der Qualitätsinfrastruktur (4)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (3)
- 9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik (3)
- 3.2 Gefahrguttanks und Unfallmechanik (2)
- 8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren (2)
- 8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik (2)
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (2)
- 9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz (2)
- 5.6 Glas (1)
- 7.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 7.7 Modellierung und Simulation (1)
- 8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen (1)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (1)
- 9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren (1)
- P Präsident (1)
- P.0 Präsident und andere (1)
- VP Vizepräsident (1)
- VP.2 Informationstechnik (1)
Introduction: Effective disinfection is crucial to maintain hygiene and to prevent the spread of infections. Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection survival (i.e. tolerance) may result in failure of disinfection, which in turn may foster the evolution of resistance to both disinfectants and antibiotics. However, the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for disinfection outcome and resistance evolution are not well understood. Goal: This study investigates the impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on the survival and evolution of Escherichia coli during disinfection with six commonly used substances. Furthermore, the consequences of evolved disinfectant tolerance for antibiotic resistance evolution are studied. Materials & Methods: The extent of population heterogeneity during disinfection is derived by determining time-kill kinetics and analysis with mathematical modelling. The link between population heterogeneity and evolvability of disinfectant tolerance was assessed by laboratory evolution experiments under periodic disinfection. The ability of disinfectant tolerant strains to evolve antibiotic resistance is assessed by serial transfer experiments with increasing concentrations of different antibiotics and by whole genome sequencing. Results: Multi-modal time-kill kinetics in three of the six disinfectants suggest the presence of disinfectant-tolerant subpopulations (i.e. persister cells). Importantly, the ability and extent to evolve population-wide tolerance under periodic disinfection is related with the presence of persister cells and the level of phenotypic heterogeneity during disinfection. Interestingly, the probability of high-level resistance evolution to certain antibiotics is attenuated in disinfectant tolerant strains as compared to the sensitive ancestor. Whole-genome sequencing reveals epistatic interactions between disinfectant tolerance and antibiotic resistance mutations, preventing access to canonical evolutionary paths to resistance. Summary: Our findings suggest that phenotypic heterogeneity can facilitate disinfection survival and the evolution of population wide tolerance, which can impact future antibiotic resistance evolution.
The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment.
While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle.
This presentation provides an introduction and intermediate results of the Horizon-Europe STAR4BBS project.It focuses on how to maximize the potential of Sustainability Certification Schemes (SCS) and labels to support a successful transition to a sustainable bio-based economy by assessing their effectiveness, robustness, and credibility.
Barriers to transitioning to a circular bio-based economy: Findings from an industrial perspective
(2024)
The transition from a linear fossil-based to a circular bio-based economy represents an opportunity and a suitable pathway for achieving several sustainable development goals. However, the transition is a complex process since it requires transformative policies, purposeful innovation, access to finance, risk-taking capacity as well as new and sustainable business models and markets. Accordingly, the first step in this transition process is the identification of barriers that are hampering the transition to a sustainable circular bio-based economy. With this motivation in mind, this study reviews grey literature to identify barriers focusing on four critical sectors facing major challenges within the current linear economy and requiring a sustainable transition most urgently: construction, chemicals, plastics, and textile sectors. Employing an adapted STEEP methodology (Social, Technological, Economical, Environmental, Political), a total of 193 different barriers have been identified and clustered under six categories: cultural, technical, economic, environmental, governance, and structural. Regardless of the sector, cultural and structural barriers are identified as the most prominent; the lack of incentives for consumer behaviour change and lack of stakeholder collaboration were the most cited barriers among the literature records. From a value chain perspective, most of the barriers are related to the material processing and product manufacturing stage. Finally, potential solutions, extracted from the grey literature, are proposed to fill the gaps and overcome the identified barriers. Many of the identified barriers are common across the four investigated sectors, indicating the solutions or measures can be applicable in a wider perspective to promote the transition in the right direction.
The Microplastic Microbiome
(2024)
Microplastics represent man-made and newly emerging surfaces in our ecosystems, where they interact with microorganisms. The ecosystem in focus of this presentation will be the aquatic environment. It will be portrayed, which microorganisms use microplastics as a habitat, how environmental factors shape this colonization, and why the biodegradation of plastics in the ocean is an overall unlikely process. We will also discuss whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms use microplastics as a raft. Finally, possible adaptation mechanisms of plastic-colonizing microorganisms will be presented, such as the production of photoreactive molecules. The microplastic microbiome has a large potential to harbor so far unknown species with curious traits, representing an exciting research topic for the future.
We introduce a passive smart dust concept as a novel solution for environmental monitoring. Utilizing chemical reagents like colorimetric indicators and other chemosensors, these particles detect varying environmental conditions. We developed paper-based sensors that are both cost-effective and eco-friendly. In practical tests, these sensors, dispersed over a designated area, successfully identified hazardous substances by changing their color when exposed to acids or bases. This color change was remotely detectable using a drone-mounted color camera. The data thus obtained was processed through specialized software, accurately pinpointing areas of contamination. This method proves the efficacy and scalability of passive smart dust technology for real-time, environmentally sustainable remote sensing of hazardous materials
Use/distribution of cost-effective and biocompatible pieces of cellulose paper as passive optical chemosensors and readout by the camera system.
Modification of the paper surface using various chemically sensitive dyes (indicators) provides an optically detectable reaction and conclusions about the target substances and precise location.
Revolutionizing our polymer industry for adaption to a sustainable carbon circular economy has become one of today’s most demanding challenges. Exploiting renewable resources to replace fossil-fuel—based plastics with biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is inevitable while using waste streams as a raw material resource at least is promising. When it comes to using PLA as technical polymer, its high flammability must be addressed by flame retardants compatible with the thermoplastic processing of PLA and its compostability. This study proposes microalgae enriched with phosphorus from wastewater (P-Algae) as an elegant way towards a kind of sustainable organophosphorus flame retardant. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the processing, pyrolysis, flammability, and fire behavior of PLA/P-Algae, while varying the P-Algae content and comparing P-Algae with four alternative bio-fillers (phosphorylated lignin, biochar, thermally treated sewage sludge, and metal phytate) with different P-contents as meaningful benchmarks.
This paper outlines significant advancements in our previously developed aerial gas tomography system, now optimized to reconstruct 2D tomographic slices of gas plumes with enhanced precision in outdoor environments. The core of our system is an aerial robot equipped with a custom-built 3-axis aerial gimbal, a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor for CH4 measurements, a laser rangefinder, and a wide-angle camera, combined with a state-of-the-art gas tomography algorithm. In real-world experiments, we sent the aerial robot along gate-shaped flight patterns over a semi-controlled environment with a static-like gas plume, providing a welldefined ground truth for system evaluation. The reconstructed cross-sectional 2D images closely matched the known ground truth concentration, confirming the system’s high accuracy and reliability. The demonstrated system’s capabilities open doors for potential applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety, though further testing is planned to ascertain the system’s operational boundaries fully.