Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
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Residual stresses and distortions in welded I-girders for steel construction are relevant when evaluating the stability of steel beams and column members. The application of high strength steels allows smaller wall thicknesses compared to conventional steels. Therefore, the risk of buckling has to be considered carefully. Due to the lack of knowledge concerning the residual stresses present after welding in high strength steel components conservative assumptions of their level and distribution is typically applied. In this study I-girders made of steels showing strengths of 355 MPa and 690 MPa were welded with varying heat input. Due to the dimension of the I-girders and the complex geometry the accessibility for residual stress measurement using X-ray diffraction was limited. Therefore, saw cutting accompanied by strain gauge measurement has been used to produce smaller sections appropriate to apply X-ray diffraction. The stress relaxation measured by strain gauges has been added to residual stresses determined by X-ray diffraction to obtain the original stress level and distribution before sectioning. The combination of both techniques can produce robust residual stress values. From practical point of view afford for strain gauge application can be limited to a number of measuring positions solely to record the global amount of stress relaxation. X-ray diffraction can be applied after sectioning to determine the residual stresses with sufficient spatial resolution.
Currently, residual stresses in welded HSLA (high strength low alloyed steels) are considerded by simplified “robust” procedures fixed in common standards (such as Eurocode 3). The models are mostly based on specimens from mild steel with lower strength. For HSLA, necessary material data is less available for realistic assessment of the appearing residual stresses in typical I-girders. Hence, the economic benefit of HSLA steels in scope of load bearing capacity cannot fully be exploit. Thus, the scope of this work is the measurement of weld residual stresses in component-like I-girders S355 and S690 by sectioning method and subsequent verification by global structural welding simulation.