Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
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- 2016 (4) (entfernen)
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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Independent from the interpass temperature residual stresses in longitudinal direction were lower than in transverse direction. This applies for the surface as well as for the bulk of the welds.
Residual stresses in the bulk were in general lower compared to stresses found on the surface.
Compressive residual stresses as a result of the martensite formation were formed in the bulk weld metal, only.
Independent from the LTT filler used high interpass temperatures were beneficial to reduce the stresses mainly in longitudinal direction.
Lower interpass temperatures tend to narrow the tensile zone in the weld metal but they also prevent the formation of compressive residual stresses.
Independent from the interpasstemperature residual stresses in longitudinal direction were lower than in transverse direction. This applies for the surface as well as for the bulk of the welds.
-Residual stresses in the bulk were in general lower compared to stresses found on the surface.
•Compressive residual stresses as a result of the martensite formation were formed in the bulk weld metal, only.
•Independent from the LTT filler used high interpasstemperatures were beneficial to reduce the stresses mainly in longitudinal direction.
•Lower interpasstemperatures tend to narrow the tensile zone in the weld metal but they also prevent the formation of compressive residual stresses.
Modifying the level of mostly detrimental welding residual stresses already during the welding process would be highly attractive as time- and cost-consuming post processing may be prevented. The nature of stress buildup during welding-associated cooling is highly affected by phase transformations. Up to now, it is not clear in which way this is applicable to real component welding exhibiting high shrinkage restraint and complex heat input. In this study, two different low transformation temperature (LTT) alloys have been investigated concerning the stress development in restrained multi-run butt welding in order to evaluate the potential of stress reduction. Pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) welding was executed on a testing facility designed to simulate real lifelike restraint conditions of component weldments. The effect of reducedMS-temperatures and the heat control on the globally acting stresses was monitored by in-situ measurement of the reaction forces during welding fabrication. Additional local residual stress measurements allowed analyzing global as well as local loading of the welded construction. Although phase transformation has a significant influence on unloading the joint during each weld pass, the reaction stress upon cooling to room temperature seems to be determined mainly by the heat input. On the surface, low longitudinal residual stresses were observed in case of LTT whereas transverse residual stresses are less affected.
The current paper presents residual stress analyses of large scale LTT (Low Transformation Temperature) welds. LTT filler materials are specially designed for residual stress engineering by means of an adjusted martensite phase transformation. Controlling the level of mostly detrimental residual stresses already during the welding process would be highly attractive as time and cost consuming post processing may be prevented. In large scale welds the residual stress state is influenced by the heat control (e.g. interpass temperature) during welding. Therefore, welding residual stresses are studied here putting the focus on the influence of welding process parameters while joining heavy steel sections with a thickness of 25 mm. The residual stress state was determined at the top surface using X-ray diffraction as well as in the bulk by neutron diffraction. The results show that control of the interpass temperature is vital for the residual stresses present in the joints. This accounts for the top surface but is most pronounced for the bulk of the welds. While high interpass temperatures are appropriate to induce compressive residual stresses in the weld metal, low interpass temperatures favor unwanted tensile residual stresses instead.