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Influence of the scanning strategy on the residual stress state in IN718 additive manufactured parts
(2020)
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technique enabling the design of complex geometries that are unrivalled by conventional production technologies. Nevertheless, L-PBF process is known to induce a high amount of residual stresses (RS) due to the high temperature gradients present during powder melting by laser. High tensile residual stresses are to be found the edges whereas the bulk material shows balancing compressive RS. Literature shows that the RS is highly sensitive to the process parameters. In particular, this study presents the characterization of the RS state in two L-PBF parts produced with a rastering scan vector that undergoes 90° or 67° rotation between subsequent layers.
For metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) to achieve leaner designs and enable longer life predictions, it is imperative to gain a detailed knowledge of the residual stress (RS) built-up. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an AM technique particularly prone to RS because of the highly localized heat source, extremely high cooling rates (in the order of 103-107 K/s), and successive cooling and heating cycles of the solidified material. Furthermore, RS analysis of LPBF materials by diffraction methods is peculiar because of the complexity of the thermal history, the possibility of encountering high levels of surface roughness, spatial textural variations and/or changes in solute concentrations at the component scale.
Diverse aspects of the influence of scanning strategies on the as-built residual stress state of a LPBF IN718 alloy will be presented, with particular focus on the challenges that AM microstructures pose for a reliable RS determination.