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Organisationseinheit der BAM
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The susceptibility of concrete structures due to alkali–silica reaction (ASR) can be assessed by means of ASR concrete prism testing at 60 °C, according to RILEM AAR 4.1. There, expansion of concrete prisms indicates alkali-reactivity of the examined concrete mix. This work applies in situ expansion measurement to accelerated concrete prism testing. Automated measuring facilitates both storage without the usually necessary interruptions for manual measurement and acquisition of quasi-continuousexpansion data. A comparative experimental programme showed that conventional testing resulted in stronger expansion and leaching of alkalis than automated testing. Experimental simulation of interruptions, typically associated with manual measurements in conventional testing, could prove the influence of these cooling–heating cycles. Two phenomenological approaches, frequently used for describing reaction kinetics of ASR by linking it to expansion results from ASR-testing, were validated with continuous expansion data of three types of aggregate. Experimental expansion depicted s-shaped curves similar to them of the modelling approaches. However, strong swelling recorded in the beginning of the test was not covered by the model curves. Auxiliary measurement of acoustic emissions and ultrasonic velocity helped characterising mechanisms such as hydration and cracking, which also influence prism expansion. The proposed modification of the measurement procedure provides an extended basis to analyse expansion mechanisms. Regarding data for validation of ASR-expansion models, continuous expansion results are preferable to conventional test results.
Severe fires at the Friedrichshain flak bunker in May 1945 destroyed or severely damaged an important part of the collection of the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum, Berlin, today’s Bode Museum. Fragments of two marble sculptures by Tullio Lombardo, sculptor of the Italian renaissance, have survived and are now stored in the Bode Museum. In preparation for restoration, the condition of the sculptures has been documented in detail in 2010. The study revealed that the fragments are not stable enough to exhibit them in a horizontal nor in an upright position. The intention of a further study in 2012 was to find a correlation between ultrasonic velocity and mechanical properties of burned Carrara marble as a basis for stabilization measures. The results and numerous supplementary experiments show that the current condition of the sculptural fragments can not only be explained by the exposure to fire.