Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Sonstiges (113) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (58)
- Deutsch (54)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (113)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (13)
- Coating (7)
- Korrosion (7)
- Nanoparticles (5)
- Nano (4)
- Nanoparticle (4)
- Standardisation (4)
- Antikörper (3)
- Beton (3)
- Crosslinker (3)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (42)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (41)
- 6 Materialchemie (14)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (12)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (10)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (7)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (5)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (4)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (4)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (4)
Gold nanocubes with a monodispersed size distribution (edge = 55 nm) deposited on a silicon wafer. These tiny uniform cubes were produced as reference nanoparticles within the EMPIR project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements. SEM image acquired at 10 kV with an in-lens secondary electron detector. Image colored in ImageJ using LUT “Orange hot.” Published in Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(S2) (2019) 2328.
Die Beschaffenheit des Gefüges hat entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften eines Werkstoffes. Besonders die Faktoren „Porosität“ und „Anisotropie“ sind für viele industrielle Anwendungen von großem Interesse. Ein Beispiel ist deren Einfluss auf die Permeabilität und Tortuosität von Filterstrukturen. An der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung wurde zur Analyse von offen-porigen Strukturen ein Algorithmus zur Anwendung auf rekonstruierte 3D CT-Datensätze beliebiger Probenkörper entwickelt. Dieser basiert auf der Analyse von Grenzflächen und ermittelt anhand deren richtungsabhängigen Häufigkeiten die Orientierungsverteilung sowie den Anisotropiegrad der Poren im Raum. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Algorithmus in einer C++-basierten Software implementiert und an simulierten Porenvolumen und realen, binarisierten Datensätzen am Beispiel eines Polymers mit geschlossener Porosität sowie einer (offen) porösen Keramik getestet. Dabei ergab sich eine zuverlässige Bestimmung der gesuchten Parameter in drei Dimensionen. Die Verwendung des Algorithmus ist dabei nicht auf offen-porige Strukturen beschränkt, sondern kann auch zur Analyse von geschlossenen Porositäten eingesetzt werden.
This book fulfills its intention to provide a comprehensive overview on 3D-printing of metals.
The interested reader can get a lot of information about the topics one should deal with when working with additively manufactured metallic parts. It gives a general roadmap where to start, what to learn and how it fits together.
This book provides a state‐of‐the‐art overview on the processing, characterization, and modelling of metallic and ceramic materials used for energy and environmental applications. 17 scientists show a collection of current knowledge in 8 chapters.
This book fulfills its intention to provide a reference book containing a collection of publications on thin films and coatings made of ceramic and metals used for energy and environmental applications. It covers a broad range of this topic and provides a comprehensive insight. Graduate and undergraduate students of materials science and mechanical engineering can find an overview on this topic to step in this interesting field of engineering.
Die meisten organischen Biozide gehören zu der Gruppe der schwerflüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (SVOC – semi volatile organic compounds). Zu den klassischen Bioziden zählen u.a. Lindan, Pentachlorphenol PCP) und Dichlordiphenyltrichlorethan (DDT) und zu den neueren u.a. Dichlofluanid, Tebuconazol und Permethrin. Biozide kamen in Museen vor allem in den 50er und 60er Jahren zum Schutz der Exponate zum Einsatz,1 wo sie hauptsächlich in Depoträumen zu finden sind, in welchen sie zum akuten und zum präventiven Schutz vor Schadorganismen eingesetzt wurden.2 Im Laufe der Zeit wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass sich der Einsatz von Bioziden negativ auf die menschliche Gesundheit auswirkt und auch zu Schäden an den behandelten Exponaten führen kann. 3 Verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Biozidanalytik und der Einfluss von Senkeneffekten auf die Analytik werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
ISO 10156:2010 contains a test method and a calculation method for flammability of gases and gas mixtures for the selection of cylinder valve outlets. The calculation method is used also to classify gas mixtures according to the national and international dangerous goods and dangerous substances regulations, e.g. according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN TDG) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). The calculation method for gas mixtures requires substance parameters of the single components. These are the coefficients for the fire potential (Tci) and for inerting ability, the so-called nitrogen equivalence (Kk), which have been estimated conservatively by means of flammability data.
BAM checked Tci and Kk values of ISO 10156:1996 using three-component diagrams (Flammable gas-Inert-Air) of the CHEMSAFE® database. The experimental fundamentals and the principles of the calculation method are summarized in this paper. The revised data for Tci and Kk values were adopted in the tables of ISO 10156:2010.
Furthermore, subcategorization of flammable gases has been proposed by a UN working group and shall be implemented in the GHS in the meantime. The subcategorization requires the lower flammability limit (LFL) as an additional indicator. Therefore, a test method and a calculation method for LFL were proposed by BAM and have been implemented in the new draft of ISO/CD 10156:2016.
The calculation method for gas mixtures is based on Le Chatelier’s rule and was extended by using the Kk values for inert components in the mixture. The calculated LFLs of methane-inert gas mixtures were compared with experimental values for different types of inert gases. It could be shown that calculated LFLs are in good agreement with experimental values if the Kk values derived from three-component flammability diagrams are used. Although using the Kk values of ISO 10156:2010 leads to higher deviations, the results are still on the safe side.
In 2019 over 30 000 people were killed or injured by explosions caused by explosives like TNT, PETN, HMX and RDX. Therefore, highly sensitive assays for the detection of TNT are needed. In this study we compared two commercially available TNT antibodies: A1.1.1 and EW75C with a highly optimized indirect competitive ELISA based on a BSA-TNA conjugate. As a result, a precision profile for both antibodies was determined with a LOD of 170 pmol L-1 for the clone A1.1.1 and a LOD of 3,2 nmol L-1 for the clone EW75C. The measurements showed that the clone A1.1.1 is a highly sensitive antibody for the detection of TNT while the clone EW75C does show medium performance at most.
In the cross-reactivity characterization of both antibodies many substances, closely related to the structure of TNT were tested. Both antibodies showed strong cross reactivity with trinitroaniline and trinitrobenzene. For the clone A1.1.1, which is known to originate from immunization of mice with an TNP-glycine-KLH conjugate, this has to be expected. Interestingly the clone EW75C, which was not characterized yet, showed similar behavior. This suggests a TNA-conjugate as immunogen for the EW75C antibody as well. None of both antibodies showed cross-reactions to the high explosives PETN, HMX and RDX. Also, the cross-reactions of nitro musks with the antibodies were investigated. Despite their prohibition, nitro musks are still used in Asia especially and are particularly popular in India. The overall superior clone A1.1.1 showed a significant cross-reactivity to musk ambrette. For practical reasons the influence of musk ambrette on this assay when used in natural environment should be investigated.
In further experiments, the highly sensitive TNT antibody A1.1.1 was digested with papain to obtain monovalent Fab-fragments. Due to its high stability against the digestion, a custom protocol for the IgG1 subclass of mice, to which the clone A1.1.1 belongs, was developed, resulting in a quantitative digestion of the intact antibody to Fab fragments. The success of the digestion was determined with MALDI-TOF-MS and SDS-PAGE. It was shown that this protocol worked for many different antibodies of IgG1 subclass as well.