Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Posterpräsentation (798) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (664)
- Deutsch (133)
- Französisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (36)
- Additive manufacturing (30)
- Mechanochemistry (24)
- Additive Manufacturing (20)
- Glass (20)
- Nanoparticles (19)
- Crystallization (17)
- Degradation (14)
- Fluorescence (14)
- In situ (14)
- Computed tomography (13)
- Residual stress (13)
- Korrosion (12)
- Biofilm (11)
- Hydrogen (11)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (11)
- Microstructure (11)
- SAXS (11)
- Catalysis (10)
- Methanogens (10)
- Nanoparticle (10)
- Sintering (10)
- Thermography (10)
- X-ray refraction (10)
- Boehmite (9)
- Computed Tomography (9)
- Stainless steel (9)
- AFM (8)
- Cocrystal (8)
- KorroPad (8)
- Laser powder bed fusion (8)
- Quality assurance (8)
- Corrosion resistance (7)
- EPR (7)
- Electron microscopy (7)
- Heat treatment (7)
- Nichtrostender Stahl (7)
- PE-HD (7)
- Selective laser melting (7)
- Synthesis (7)
- 316L (6)
- Amorphous phases (6)
- Automation (6)
- Creep (6)
- DNA (6)
- Dosimetry (6)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (6)
- Geant4 (6)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (6)
- MIC (6)
- MOFs (6)
- Microdosimetry (6)
- Neutron diffraction (6)
- Oxidation (6)
- Phosphates (6)
- Polymer (6)
- Polymorphism (6)
- Prüfmethode (6)
- Qualitätssicherung (6)
- Simulation (6)
- ToF-SIMS (6)
- Welding (6)
- Additive Fertigung (5)
- Aluminium (5)
- Archaea (5)
- C-F bond activation (5)
- Coarsening (5)
- DFT (5)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (5)
- Duplexstahl (5)
- Dye (5)
- FTIR (5)
- Gefahrgut (5)
- Gefahrstoff (5)
- LEE (5)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (5)
- Microplastic (5)
- Microplastics (5)
- Milling (5)
- Nanocomposite (5)
- Nanocomposites (5)
- Niobium carbide (NbC) (5)
- PBF-LB/M (5)
- Polymorph (5)
- Quantum dot (5)
- Radiation damage (5)
- Reference material (5)
- SEM (5)
- Self-healing (5)
- Silver nanoparticles (5)
- Struvite (5)
- ThermoCalc (5)
- Thin films (5)
- Transition metal (5)
- Transmission electron microscopy (5)
- UHPC (5)
- Wear (5)
- XANES (5)
- Ageing (4)
- AlSi10Mg (4)
- AuNP (4)
- Bioactive (4)
- Composite-Druckgefäße (4)
- Concrete (4)
- Corrosion testing (4)
- Crack growth (4)
- DCB (4)
- DNA damage (4)
- Diesel (4)
- Digitalisierung (4)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (4)
- Energy deposit (4)
- FAIR (4)
- Fatigue (4)
- Flexible crystals (4)
- Friction (4)
- Geant4-DNA (4)
- Graphene (4)
- Hardness (4)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (4)
- Imaging (4)
- Implants (4)
- Inconel 686 (4)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (4)
- LIBS (4)
- Laser Beam Melting (4)
- Laser profilometry (4)
- Low energy electrons (4)
- MCS (4)
- Metal phosphonates (4)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (4)
- NMR (4)
- Nano (4)
- Nanoconfinement (4)
- Nanoplastic (4)
- Pitting corrosion (4)
- Polyethylene (4)
- Polymers (4)
- Radiationtherapy (4)
- Radioactive decay (4)
- Ringversuch (4)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (4)
- Steel (4)
- Sulfidation (4)
- Surface chemistry (4)
- Synchrotron (4)
- TEM (4)
- TiO2 (4)
- Tribology (4)
- Upconversion (4)
- Validierung (4)
- X-ray diffraction (4)
- XPS (4)
- XRD (4)
- 3D High-temperature shape screening (3)
- AM (3)
- Ab-initio (3)
- Alloy 2618A (3)
- Assay (3)
- Bending modulus (3)
- Beta decay (3)
- Biodiesel (3)
- Bitumen (3)
- Bonding analysis (3)
- Brachytherapy (3)
- Cancer treatment (3)
- Carbon nanotubes (3)
- Cermets (3)
- Clustered nanoparticles (3)
- Coating (3)
- Computational Chemistry (3)
- Conductivity (3)
- Corundum grinding (3)
- Dangerous goods (3)
- Database (3)
- Diffusion coefficient (3)
- EBSD (3)
- Ellipsometry (3)
- Environmental Simulation (3)
- Epoxy (3)
- FIB (3)
- Flourescence (3)
- Flow cytometry (3)
- Glass ceramic (3)
- Glass composition (3)
- Gold Nanoparticles (3)
- In situ monitoring (3)
- Korrosionsbeständigkeit (3)
- Korundschleifen (3)
- LCF (3)
- Laser cladding (3)
- Laser implantation (3)
- Livermore model (3)
- Luminescence (3)
- MIPs (3)
- Machine Learning (3)
- Machine learning (3)
- Martensitic stainless steels (3)
- Materials Informatics (3)
- Mesoporosity (3)
- Metallographie (3)
- Metrology (3)
- Microbial induced corrosion (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Micropatterning (3)
- Microscopy (3)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- NDT (3)
- NP (3)
- NTE (3)
- Nanofibers (3)
- Nanomaterial (3)
- Nichtrostende Stähle (3)
- OECD (3)
- OER (3)
- OH radical (3)
- Oberflächenbearbeitung (3)
- Optical spectroscopy (3)
- Orientation (3)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (3)
- PGM-free catalyst (3)
- PXRD (3)
- Penelope model (3)
- Phase grating (3)
- Polydopamine (3)
- Polymer 3R (3)
- Polymer blends (3)
- Polypropylene (3)
- ProMoAM (3)
- Quantum dots (3)
- REACH (3)
- Radiation therapy (3)
- Radiolysis (3)
- Raman Spectroscopy (3)
- Reactive extrusion (3)
- Reference data (3)
- Residual Stress (3)
- Rigidity (3)
- Röntgenrefraktion (3)
- SLM (3)
- Sample preparation (3)
- Schadensanalyse (3)
- Schweißen (3)
- Sensibilisierung (3)
- Sialic acid (3)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (3)
- Sol-gel (3)
- Solid-state (3)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (3)
- Strahlen (3)
- Surface analysis (3)
- Synchrotron tomography (3)
- TDEP (3)
- TOPAS (3)
- TOPAS-nbio (3)
- Thermoelectrics (3)
- Thin Films (3)
- Thin polymeric films (3)
- Ti-6Al-4V (3)
- Two-photon polymerisation (3)
- VSSA (3)
- Vickers (3)
- WAXS (3)
- Waveguide (3)
- Wärmebehandlung (3)
- X-ray fluorescence (3)
- ZCF (3)
- ZrF4 (3)
- particle scattering (3)
- 3D (2)
- AGIL (2)
- AIS (2)
- ATR (2)
- Absorption edge tomography (2)
- Adaptives Schweißen (2)
- Adsorbed Layer (2)
- Aktivkohle (2)
- Alkali-silica-reaction (2)
- Alterung von Pyrotechnik (2)
- Aluminium alloys (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Antimicrobials (2)
- Atomic packing factor (2)
- Atomization (2)
- Austenitic stainless steel (2)
- BAMline (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial adhesion (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Bead (2)
- Bildanalyse (2)
- Bildgebung (2)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- Building Materials (2)
- Building materials (2)
- CALPHAD (2)
- CCMat (2)
- CCS (2)
- CLP (2)
- Calcium cobaltite (2)
- Carbon capture (2)
- Carbon dioxide (2)
- Catalysts (2)
- Characterization (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Chemically Complex Materials (2)
- Composite (2)
- Composites (2)
- Computertomographie (2)
- Confocal (2)
- Core-shell (2)
- Corrosion Testing (2)
- Corrosion inhibition (2)
- Crack (2)
- Crack Propagation (2)
- Crack growth velocity (2)
- Crack healing (2)
- Crack intensity factor (2)
- Creep-resistant steel (2)
- Crystal orientation (2)
- Cycloalyphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (2)
- Damage (2)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (2)
- Data fusion (2)
- Dental materials (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Digitalization (2)
- Double cantilever beam (2)
- Durability (2)
- ECHA (2)
- EDX (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Eigenspannungen (2)
- Einstufung (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Electron beam induced modification (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Emission (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Encoding (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (2)
- Exchange interaction (2)
- Explosionsschutz (2)
- Explosivstoffe (2)
- FEM (2)
- Faseroptik (2)
- FeNi-Oxide NPs (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Finite element method (2)
- Fire (2)
- Friction and wear (2)
- Fused Filament Fabrication (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- GMR (2)
- GMR-Sensorik (2)
- Gas-Staub-Gemische (2)
- Gel-type electrolytes (2)
- Geothermal (2)
- Glas (2)
- Gold nanocluster (2)
- Gold nanoparticles (2)
- Green chemistry (2)
- Grüneisen parameter (2)
- Hazardous substances (2)
- Henry's constant (2)
- High Pressure (2)
- High temperature corrosion (2)
- High-temperature corrosion (2)
- Hot stamping (2)
- Hybride Gemische (2)
- Hydrogen permeability (2)
- Hydrogen storage (2)
- IUCLID (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Image processing (2)
- Imaging techniques (2)
- In situ heating (2)
- In-situ (2)
- InP (2)
- Inks (2)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (2)
- Interatomic potentials (2)
- Ionic Liquid crystals (2)
- Iron (2)
- L-PBF (2)
- LLG (2)
- LMD (2)
- LTCC (2)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (2)
- Laser beam melting (2)
- Laser beam welding (2)
- Laser metal deposition (2)
- Least-squares adjustment (2)
- Lichtbogensensorik (2)
- Lifetime (2)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (2)
- Load transfer (2)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (2)
- MMC (2)
- MOF (2)
- MSG-Engspaltschweißen (2)
- Macrophages (2)
- Magnesium alloy (2)
- Magnetic moment (2)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (2)
- Materialcharakterisierung (2)
- Metadata schema (2)
- Metal Matrix Composite (2)
- Metal matrix composite (2)
- Metal organic frameworks (2)
- Metals (2)
- Method (2)
- Micromagnetism (2)
- Microwave synthesis (2)
- Mikrobiell induzierte Korrosion (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Multielectrode array sensors (2)
- Multiplexing (2)
- NFDI (2)
- NIR (2)
- Nanomechanics (2)
- Nanosensor (2)
- Neutron (2)
- Neutron Diffraction (2)
- Non-classical crystallization (2)
- Normung (2)
- Numerical modeling (2)
- OOMMF (2)
- Oberflächenenergie (2)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (2)
- Online Process Monitoring (2)
- Ontologie (2)
- Ontology (2)
- Optics (2)
- Oxidglas (2)
- Particle (2)
- Phonons (2)
- Photocatalysis (2)
- Plastic (2)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (2)
- Polycarbonate (2)
- Polymer bilayer coatings (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Powder Bed Fusion (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Process Monitoring (2)
- Protein (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Prozessüberwachung (2)
- Pyrotechnik (2)
- QHA (2)
- QY (2)
- Quantum yield (2)
- Quecksilberporosimetrie (2)
- REM (2)
- Radiotherapy (2)
- Referenzdaten (2)
- Reflectography (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Resonance frequency (2)
- Robotische Glasschmelzanlage (2)
- Roughness (2)
- SCNC (2)
- SEM/EDS (2)
- SIMS (2)
- SWIR (2)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (2)
- Selected Laser Melting (2)
- Semantic Interoperability (2)
- Semantic Web Technologies (2)
- Semiconductor (2)
- Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen (2)
- Silica (2)
- Single molecule (2)
- Single particle spectroscopy (2)
- Small-angle scattering (2)
- SnO2 (2)
- Stainless steels (2)
- Stickstoff (2)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (2)
- Structural Health Monitoring (2)
- Surface (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- Surface integrity (2)
- Surface modification (2)
- Synchrotron X-Ray Refraction (2)
- Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (2)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (2)
- TED-GC/MS (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Thermally induced porosity (2)
- Thermodynamik (2)
- Thermoelectric materials (2)
- Thermografie (2)
- Thermogravimetrie (2)
- Thin film metrology (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Tool wear (2)
- Topotactic transformation (2)
- Traceability (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Tungsten carbide (WC) (2)
- Ultra-Thin films (2)
- Ultrashort laser processing (2)
- Ultrasonic-assisted milling (2)
- Ultrasound (2)
- VOC (2)
- Verbundfestigkeit (2)
- Vessels (2)
- Wasserstoff (2)
- Water content (2)
- Water speciation (2)
- Wetting (2)
- Wood (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (2)
- XRF (2)
- Zeolitic imidazolate framework (2)
- ZfP (2)
- Zinc coatings (2)
- Zustandsüberwachung (2)
- beta particle (2)
- cylinders (2)
- 18HLT01 MetVes II (1)
- 29Si-27Al TRAPDOR MAS (1)
- 316L Stainless Steel (1)
- 3D High-temperatue shape screening (1)
- 3D analysis (1)
- 3D coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 3D tomography (1)
- 3D-Formerkennung (1)
- 5-hydroxynicotinic acid (1)
- 5G (1)
- AFM-IR (1)
- AISI 304L (1)
- ALD (atomic layer deposited) (1)
- ALD-Beschichtung (1)
- ALD-Hybridprozesse (1)
- AM IN718 (1)
- ASAXS (1)
- ASR (1)
- ATH (1)
- ATRP (1)
- Abkühlgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Absolute flourometry (1)
- Absorption edge (1)
- Acoustic Emission (1)
- Acoustic Emission (AE) (1)
- Acrylamide based polymers (1)
- Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (1)
- Additiv gefertigter Stahl (1)
- Additive Manufacture (1)
- Additive Fertigung (AM) (1)
- Additive surface treatment (1)
- Admixtures (1)
- Adsorbed layer (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Aerial Robot (1)
- Aerosole (1)
- Affinity chromatography (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- Ag2S (1)
- Aggressive environement (1)
- Aggressive environment (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging mechanisms (1)
- Air Void System (1)
- Air exchange rate (1)
- Al alloy (1)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (1)
- Al2O3 (1)
- Al2O3 thin films (1)
- Al2O3-Schichten (1)
- AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcali activated binders (1)
- Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion (1)
- Alkalialumosilicatsysteme (1)
- Alkaline earth metal (1)
- Aln (1)
- Altglasfragmente (1)
- Altpapierrecycling (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Aluminium Alloy (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Ammoniumnitrat (1)
- Amorphous silica particles (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Anaerob (1)
- Analyser-based imaging (1)
- Analytical solution (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Anlage (1)
- Annealing study (1)
- Anodic Aluminum Oxide (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Artefact (1)
- Artificial digestion (1)
- Asphaltene content (1)
- Assays (1)
- Atmospheric Corrosion (1)
- Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (1)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (1)
- Atomic Layer Deposition (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Atomic fraction (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Austenitic stainless steels (1)
- Austenitic steel (1)
- Automatisation (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- BADGER film (1)
- BBR (1)
- BCS (1)
- BLE (1)
- BODIPY (1)
- BSA (1)
- BTS (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- BadgerFilm (1)
- Baudenkmal (1)
- Baustahl (1)
- Baustoffe (1)
- Bauzustandsanalyse (1)
- Benannte Stelle (1)
- Bench braking sequence (1)
- Beratung Behörden/Ministerien (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Beton (1)
- Betonautobahn (1)
- Betonautobahnen (1)
- Betonschallplatte (1)
- Betonschäden (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Bexarotene (1)
- Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Bio Ceramics (1)
- Bio-SAXS (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- BioSAXS (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biocides (1)
- Biocomposite (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biofilm cultivation (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Bioimaging (1)
- Biomasseverbrennung (1)
- Biomimetics (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Bioresorbable (1)
- Blast injury (1)
- Bluetooth Low Energy (1)
- Boehmite alumina (1)
- Bonding Analysis (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Bragg-edge (1)
- Brazing (1)
- Bremsbeläge (1)
- Brittle / ductile fracture behavior (1)
- Brittle fracture (1)
- Bronze (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Bruchmechanik (1)
- Build Angle (1)
- Building products (1)
- Bulk diffusion (1)
- Bulk material (1)
- Bulk properties ageing (1)
- Burst pressure (1)
- Burst test (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- CALPHAD databases analysis (1)
- CCUS (1)
- CEO (1)
- CERN (1)
- CFD (1)
- CMAS (1)
- CMAS - Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat (1)
- CMSX4 (1)
- CO2-Korrosion (1)
- CONSENS (1)
- CUSP (1)
- Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Camera (1)
- Capsules (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (1)
- Carbon dot (1)
- Carbon fibers (1)
- Carbon nanomembranes (1)
- Carrier Gas Hot Extraction (1)
- Carrier gas hot extraction (1)
- CdSe (1)
- Cearmics (1)
- Cell imaging (1)
- Cement (1)
- Cement hydration (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Ceramic spring (1)
- Ceramic-ceramc joints (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Cermet (1)
- Certification (1)
- Certified reference material (1)
- Certified standards (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chemical Bonds (1)
- Chemical analyses (1)
- Chemical compositions (1)
- Chemically Complex Alloy (1)
- Cheminformatics (1)
- Chloride (1)
- Chromatography (HIC) (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Chromium (III) complexes (1)
- Chromium oxide (1)
- Chromstahl (1)
- Climate chamber simulation (1)
- Co-axial monitoring (1)
- CoCrMo (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (1)
- Coherent Rayleigh OTDR (1)
- Cold Spray (1)
- Column chromatography (1)
- Columnar crystal growth (1)
- Columnar liquid crystals (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complex concentrated alloy (CCA) (1)
- Component test (1)
- Composite cylinder (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compound (1)
- Compression (1)
- Compsite tapes (1)
- Configurational entropy (1)
- Confined Columnar Liquid Crystals (1)
- Confocal fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Contact resonance (1)
- Conventional testing (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Core-shell architecture (1)
- Core/shell materials (1)
- Corosion (1)
- Corrosion behaviour (1)
- Corrosion investigations (1)
- Corrosion loss (1)
- Corrosion product layer (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Corrosion protecting system (1)
- Cosolute (1)
- Crack evolution (1)
- Crack propagation (1)
- Crack propagation analysis (1)
- Cracks (1)
- Creep-resistant Steel (1)
- Crush (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Crystal Engineering (1)
- Crystal plasticity (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Crystalline structure (1)
- Curing Monitoring (1)
- Curvelet Transform (1)
- Cutting material (1)
- Cutting tool (1)
- Cutting tools (1)
- Cyclic R-curve (1)
- DED-L (1)
- DIC assisted compression (1)
- DIN 52186 (1)
- DIN EN 252 (1)
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSR (1)
- Damage Analysis (1)
- Damage mechanism (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Dangerous goods packaging (1)
- Dangerous goods packagings (1)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data Integration (1)
- Data Interoperability (1)
- Data Science (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenträger (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Defect detection (1)
- Defects (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformation-Induced Martensite (1)
- Deformationen (1)
- Degradation of Mechanical Properties (1)
- Degree of damage (1)
- Degree of purity (1)
- Delamination (1)
- Demonstrators (1)
- Dendrimersomes (1)
- Dendritic amphiphiles (1)
- Density (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Dental material (1)
- Depth-profiling (1)
- Design Fire (1)
- Destabilization (1)
- Detection (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion Coefficient (1)
- Diffusion barrier (1)
- Digital material representation (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digitaler Zwilling (1)
- Digtial Representation (1)
- Diopside (1)
- Direct fluorine-metal bond (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Discotic Liquid Crystal (1)
- Discotic liquid crystals (1)
- Dislocations (1)
- Distortion (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Distributed vibration sensing (1)
- Distribution during filling (1)
- Disäuren (1)
- Doping study (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Dredging mud (1)
- Drop test (1)
- Druckwelle (1)
- Duplex stainless steel (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dust analysis (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- EBSD analysis (1)
- EC4SafeNano (1)
- EDS (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- EDXRD (1)
- EMN (1)
- EMPIR project (1)
- EPMA (1)
- ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- EU H2020 project (1)
- Ectoin (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Edelstahl (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Eindringmodul (1)
- Einkristalllegierung (1)
- Einzelfaserdurchzugsversuch (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Elastomer (1)
- Elastomers (1)
- Electro catalyst (1)
- Electrochemical noise (1)
- Electrodeposited Ni - coatings (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electromicroscopy (1)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron beam (1)
- Electron probe microanallysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Elektrochemische Charakterisierung (1)
- Elevated Temperatures (1)
- Elevated temperatures (1)
- Ellipsometric metrology (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- Energetic materials (1)
- Energietechnik (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy input (1)
- Engineered Nanomaterials (1)
- Environment (1)
- Epox (1)
- Epoxy nanocomposite (1)
- Er(III) (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Erosion (1)
- European Metrology Network (1)
- European standard (1)
- Exciton diffusion (1)
- Experimental study (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extracellular vesicles (EV) (1)
- Extrusion (1)
- FE (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FNCT (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fachwerkträger (1)
- Fallhammer (1)
- Far-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Farbätzen (1)
- Fasermodifikation (1)
- Fatigue Crack Growth (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Façade (1)
- Fe-Cr alloys (1)
- Fe-Ni (1)
- Fe2TiO5 (1)
- FeCr- alloys (1)
- FeNi (1)
- FeNi thin film (1)
- FeSnOx (1)
- Femtosecond laser (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Ferroelektret (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fiber reinforced dental post (1)
- Fiber sensors (1)
- Fiber-optic microarray (1)
- Fiberglass composite (1)
- Film depositition (1)
- Film thickness determination (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite Element Modelling (1)
- Fire Retardant (1)
- Flow Cell (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Fluorescence quenching (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent polymer optical fibres (1)
- Fluoride (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorine Interaction (1)
- Flüssigmetallversprödung (1)
- Foam tiles (1)
- Focussed ion beam (1)
- Focussed ion beam growth (1)
- Force distance curves (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Foundation (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fractography (1)
- Fracture Toughness (1)
- Fracture surface analysis (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fraktografie (1)
- Fraktographie (1)
- Fre (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Functional group detection (1)
- Functionality type distribution (1)
- Funktionelle Beschichtungen (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Füllgradregelung (1)
- G5P (1)
- GEXRF (1)
- GUM-compliance (1)
- GVP (1)
- Gamma-Co60 radiation (1)
- Gamma-irradiation (1)
- Gas Sorption (1)
- Gas Tomography (1)
- Gas solubility (1)
- Gas turbine (1)
- Gefüge (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- Gelartige Elektrolyte (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- Generator (1)
- Geopolymer (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geothermal energy (1)
- Geothermie (1)
- Ggraphene polymer nanocomposite (1)
- GlasDigital (1)
- Glasanalyse (1)
- Glasig-kristalline Sinterwerkstoffe (1)
- Glaskeramik (1)
- Glass paints (1)
- Glass transformation temperature (1)
- Glass transition (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glasstruktur (1)
- Gleeble (1)
- Gleitlinien (1)
- Glue (1)
- Glutaraldehyde (1)
- Glycerin (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold Nanoparticle (1)
- Gold mosaics (1)
- Grain boundary corrosion (1)
- Graphene /-oxide (1)
- Graphene functionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalization (1)
- Graphene polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Grazing exit (1)
- Grenzflächenaktive Verbindung (1)
- Grey cast iron machining (1)
- Growth Kinetics (1)
- Guanidine receptor (1)
- Guideline (1)
- HDPE Sorption (1)
- HF (1)
- HR-CS-AAS (1)
- HV cable accessories (1)
- HV-Insulation (1)
- Haftfestigkeit (1)
- Haftvermittler (1)
- Halbleiterphysik (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Harmonisation in microplastics (1)
- Harsh environments (1)
- Hatch length (1)
- Hauptkomponentenanalyse (1)
- Hazmat (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heating oil storage tanks (1)
- Heating oil tanks (1)
- Heißzug (1)
- Helium- und Wasserstoffpermeation (1)
- Heterogene plastische Deformation (1)
- Hexafluorobenzen (1)
- HfO2 (1)
- High Cycle Fatigue (1)
- High Molecular Polyethylene (1)
- High Temperature Testing (1)
- High Voltage Insulation (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High entropy alloys (1)
- High resolution ultrasonic testing (1)
- High temperature (1)
- High temperature corrosion resistance (1)
- High voltage cable accessories (1)
- High-Performance Concrete (1)
- High-density polyethylene (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-strength steels (1)
- High-temperature stability (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl (1)
- Hochtemperaturanwendungen (1)
- Hollow specimen (1)
- Holz (1)
- Holzbaustoff (1)
- Holzprüfung (1)
- Homemade explosives (1)
- Honeycomb structure (1)
- Horizontaldilatometer (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Humidity (1)
- Hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydrogen diffusion (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hydrothermal treatment (1)
- Hydroxyectoine (1)
- Härtevergleichsplatten (1)
- Härteverlauf Schweißnaht (1)
- ILC (1)
- IN 625 (1)
- IN 718 (1)
- IN718 (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISO 5725 (1)
- Illumina (1)
- ImAFM (1)
- Image Denoising (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Immersion tank testing (1)
- Impact excitation (1)
- Impact strength (1)
- Implant-Test (1)
- In situ Raman (1)
- In situ XRD (1)
- In situ analysis (1)
- In situ diffraction (1)
- In situ measurement (1)
- In situ measurement, (1)
- In situ tensile test (1)
- In situ testing (1)
- In-Situ (1)
- In-Situ Characterization (1)
- In-situ Monitoring (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In-situ compression CT (1)
- In-situ heat treatment (1)
- In-situ loading (1)
- In-situ monitoring (1)
- In-situ tomography (1)
- In718 (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Industrieabwasseraufbereitung (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Initial hydration (1)
- Innovative Messtechnik (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Instrumented indentation testing (1)
- Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (1)
- Integrated analysis (1)
- Interface (1)
- Interim storage (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Intermediate (1)
- Internal friction (1)
- Internal oxidation (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer networks (1)
- Interphase (1)
- Invasive Arten (1)
- Inverse Analysis (1)
- Inverse analysis (1)
- Inverse problem (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionizing radiation damage (1)
- Iridium oxide films (1)
- Iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Iron aluminides (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Isotope analysis (1)
- JNP AdvManuNet (1)
- Kalottenverfahren (1)
- Kaltrissprüfung (1)
- Kavitation (1)
- Keggin Cluster (1)
- Kelvinsondenkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Kiefernholz (1)
- Kieselsäure (1)
- Klebfestigkeit (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Knoevenagel (1)
- Knoevenagel condensation (1)
- Knowledge Readiness Level (1)
- Knowledge Representation (1)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (1)
- Kombinierete korrosive und mechanische Beanspruchung (1)
- Kondensation (1)
- Konformitätsbewertung (1)
- Konformitötsbewertung (1)
- Kontrastierung (1)
- Korrosionsabtrag (1)
- Kraftabhängige Funktion (1)
- Kristallplastizität (1)
- Künstliche neuronale Netze (1)
- L-PBF 316L (1)
- LBM (1)
- LIBS TIG welding (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- LPBF (1)
- LPSO (1)
- LTCC multilayer (1)
- Laboratory Container (1)
- Laboratory method (1)
- Laborvergleich Härte (1)
- Lanthanide(III) (1)
- Large scale test (1)
- Large-scale production (1)
- Large-scale synthesis (1)
- Large-scale test (1)
- Laser Cladding (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Laser cludding (1)
- Laser dispersing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-Pulverbettschweißen (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strcutures, LIPSS (1)
- Laserthermografie (1)
- Lasertriangulationssensor (1)
- Latex (1)
- Lattice structure (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Leaching process (1)
- Least-Squares Adjustment (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Lebensdauerabschätzung (1)
- Lichtmikroskopie (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Lightweight structures (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignosulfonate (1)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (1)
- Liquid phase sintering (1)
- Lithium batteries (1)
- Lithium-ion batteries (1)
- Lizard (1)
- Load Partition (1)
- Load history (1)
- Loading factor (1)
- Localized corrosion (1)
- Lokale Korrosion (1)
- Long-term monitoring (1)
- Longitudinal Wave (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Lubricants (1)
- Luftultraschall (1)
- Luminescence lifetime measurments (1)
- Luminescent materials (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- MID IR Spectroscopy (1)
- ML (1)
- MNP production technique (1)
- Machine-Learning Segmentation (1)
- Magic-sized cluster (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnetic nano-particles (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetostrictive actuator layer (1)
- Magnetostrictive layer (1)
- Magnetron sputtering (1)
- Manganese oxide (1)
- Maritime atmosphere (1)
- Martensitische nichtrostende Stähle (1)
- Maschinennachgiebigkeit (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material design (1)
- Material model (1)
- Material oxidation (1)
- Material selection (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Me-TiO2 (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Mechanical Behavior (1)
- Mechanical strength (1)
- Mechanichal behaviour (1)
- Mechanische Kennwertermittlung (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Mechanochemical oxidation (1)
- Mechanochemical syntheses (1)
- Mechanochemie (1)
- Median lethal energy deposit (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Medieval stained glass (1)
- Mehr-Proben-Kleben (MSB) (1)
- Mehr-Proben-Prüfen (CAT) (1)
- Melt Flow Rate (MFR) (1)
- Melt pool behaviour (1)
- Melting (1)
- Mesoporous (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporous thin films (1)
- Messunsicherheit (1)
- Metal matrix composites (1)
- Metal organic framework (1)
- Metal powder characterization (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metal seal (1)
- Metallsulfide (1)
- Metallurgie (1)
- Methodenvalidierung (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Micro- and nanoplastics (1)
- Micro-XRF (1)
- Micro-heterogeneity (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological investigation (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Micromixer (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Micropatterned dry adhesive (1)
- Microplastics in milk (1)
- Microplastics sampling (1)
- Microprinting (1)
- Microstructure Analysis (1)
- Microstructure analysis (1)
- Microstructure-property relations (1)
- Mikro-CT (1)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (1)
- Mikrostruktur (1)
- Mineralogie (1)
- Missbräuchliche Verwendung in Stadien (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model alloy (1)
- Model and measurement based analysis (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Moisture drying (1)
- Molar mass distribution (1)
- Molecular Conformation (1)
- Molecular dynamic simulation (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Morpho-chemical characterization (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Multi-method Metrology (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multielectrode (1)
- Multiphoton Lithography (1)
- Multiphoton lithography (1)
- Multiple ageing and rejuvenation (1)
- Multiplexing sensory fiber-optic microarrays (1)
- NDT Monitoring (1)
- NFDI-MatWerk (1)
- Nano-landscape (1)
- Nano-particles alignment (1)
- Nano-powder characterization (1)
- Nanofiller (1)
- Nanomaterial screening (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticel based pH-probes (1)
- Nanophysik (1)
- Nanopipette modification (1)
- Nanopipettes (1)
- Nanoplastics (1)
- Nanoporous media (1)
- Nanorisk (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanosensors (1)
- Nanostructures (1)
- Natural rubber (1)
- Nd-sensitizer (1)
- Nd3+ (1)
- Neintron diffraction (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Netron diffraction (1)
- Network Communication (1)
- Neutronbeugungsverfahren (1)
- Neutronen (1)
- Neutronendiffraktion (1)
- Neutronenradiographie (1)
- Ni-base superalloy (1)
- Ni-based alloy (1)
- Nickel based alloy (1)
- Nickelbasislegierungen (1)
- Niobium carbide (1)
- Niobium carbide powder (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non destructive testing (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (1)
- Non-classical crystallization theory (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Normalbeton (1)
- Novel equipment (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Numerical Modeling (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OH radical scavenger (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Oberflächenkeimbildung (1)
- Offshore (1)
- One-part formulation (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Open data (1)
- Open science (1)
- Optical Assays (1)
- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical Tomography (1)
- Optical connector (1)
- Optical criterion (1)
- Optical layer model (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optische Tomografie (1)
- Optoelektronik (1)
- Orientation-dependent microstructure (1)
- Orientierung (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Overlay (1)
- Oxide Glasses (1)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (1)
- P25 (1)
- P92 (1)
- PAEK (1)
- PDMS (1)
- PEG (1)
- PFAS (1)
- PH (1)
- PIM-1 (1)
- PMD Core Ontology (1)
- PMDco (1)
- POD (1)
- POSS (1)
- PU Learning (1)
- PVD /ECD process (1)
- Pair Distribution Functions (1)
- Pair distribution function analysis (1)
- Paracetamol (1)
- Partial discharge detection (1)
- Partial penetration (1)
- Particle Synthesis (1)
- Particle measurement (1)
- Particle scattering (1)
- Particle scattering simulations (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particle size distributuion (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Paste (1)
- Peem (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Phase composition (1)
- Phasenzusammensetzung (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphonates (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Photocuring (1)
- Photoluminescence (1)
- Photoresist (1)
- Photovoltaic (1)
- Phthalocyanine (1)
- Piezopolarisation (1)
- Pipeline (1)
- Plume (1)
- Politikberatung (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Polyacrylamide (1)
- Polyamid 12 (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Polyethylene Terephtalate (1)
- Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyethylene, PE-HD (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer Hydrolysis (1)
- Polymer aging (1)
- Polymer coating (1)
- Polymer nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer optical fibers (1)
- Polymer optical fibre (1)
- Polymer-Ceramic-Composite (1)
- Polymeric membrane (1)
- Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (1)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Pore orientation (1)
- Pores (1)
- Porosity growth (1)
- Porosität (1)
- Porositätsvorhersage (1)
- Porous Materials (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Position detection (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder method (1)
- Preferred orientation (1)
- Pressure loading (1)
- Pressure tanks (1)
- Pressure wave (1)
- Primäre Explosionswirkug (1)
- Probenpräparation (1)
- Process Control (1)
- Processing (1)
- Propagation modes (1)
- Property simulation (1)
- Protective glazing (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein unfolding (1)
- Proton conducting materials (1)
- Proton cunductor (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (1)
- Proximatanalyse (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Prozessregelung (1)
- Präparation (1)
- Prüfmethoden (1)
- Prüfrichtlinie (1)
- Pulse reflection (1)
- Pulse shape analysis (1)
- Pulvermethode (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- QD (1)
- QSPR (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Qualitätsüberwachung (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative NMR (1)
- Quantum Chemistry (1)
- Quantum Dot-Rod (1)
- Quantum Yield (1)
- Quartz Crystal Microbalance QCM (1)
- Quartz nanopipettes (1)
- Quasi-distributed sensing (1)
- Quenching and partitioning (1)
- Qulitätssicherung (1)
- RAFT (1)
- ROS (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radical Scavenger (1)
- Radical scavenger (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radiografie (1)
- Radiological inspections (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Rare earth nanoparticles (1)
- Ratiometric Sensors (1)
- Ratiometric sensors (1)
- Rauheit (1)
- Rayleigh scattering (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Reduction 4-nitrophenol (1)
- Reduction of agglomerates (1)
- Reductive amination (1)
- Reference Data (1)
- Reference Dataset (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference particles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference product (1)
- Reference samples (1)
- Registrierungsdossiers (1)
- Reinforcing Bar (1)
- Reinheitsgradbestimmung (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Repair (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Residual stress measurements (1)
- Residual stress state (1)
- Residual stresses (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resonanz (1)
- Reverse-time migration (1)
- Rice husk ash (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Ringversuche (1)
- Risse (1)
- Rissprüfung (1)
- Risswachstum (1)
- Robot-assisted galss melting (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Round robin (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Rubber (1)
- Röntgen-3D-Computertomographie (1)
- Röntgen-Refraktion (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- S-phase (1)
- SALSA (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEM analysis (1)
- SEP 1927 (1)
- SIEF (1)
- SXRR - Synchrotron X-ray Refraction Radiography (1)
- Safe-by-Design (1)
- Safer by design (1)
- Salt melt (1)
- Sandblasting (1)
- Sandsteine (1)
- Sandstone (1)
- Sandstorm (1)
- Sanger sequencing (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scale-bridging (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schichtdicken (1)
- Schichtherstellung (1)
- Schichttestung (1)
- Schutzverglasung (1)
- Schwefelgehalt (1)
- Schweißdatenmanagement (1)
- Schweißnähte (1)
- Schwindungsinhomogenitäten (1)
- Schwindungsverhalten (1)
- Scientific software (1)
- Sea Water (1)
- Seenotrettungsmittel (1)
- Selbstreinigung (1)
- Selective Electron Beam Melting (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Selective laser curing (1)
- Self-assembly (1)
- Self-healing silicone rubber (1)
- Self-powdering (1)
- Self-reactive substances (1)
- Semantic Data (1)
- Semi-metallic friction material (1)
- Sende-Empfangs Prüfkopf (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sequential learning (1)
- Service life (1)
- Service life model (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shell (1)
- Short chained phthalates (1)
- Shortwave infrared (1)
- Si wafer filter (1)
- Si-Ge (1)
- SiGe (1)
- SiO2 (1)
- Silanisation (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silica Nanoparticles (1)
- Silica- and Polystyrene Particles (1)
- Silica- and polystyrene particles (1)
- Silicone rubber (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver nanoparticle (1)
- Simvastatin (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single crystal X-ray diffraction (1)
- Single cystal (1)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size effect (1)
- Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1)
- Sliding performances (1)
- Slow Strain Rate Testing (1)
- Slow crack growth (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle xray scattering (1)
- Smart materials (1)
- Smouldering (1)
- Sodiumborosilicate glasses (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil-structure interaction (1)
- Solar Cell (1)
- Solarenergie (1)
- Solid-State-Reaction (1)
- Solution doping (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectral multiplexing (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speed of sound (1)
- Sphärische Indenter (1)
- Spinel (1)
- Spontane Polarisation (1)
- Spray drying (1)
- Sprengplattieren (1)
- Spring constant (1)
- Spruce (1)
- Stabilization of HT-structures at room temperature (1)
- Stabilizer (1)
- Stable suspensions (1)
- Stained glass windows (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Stainless Steels (1)
- Standard (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standardization of Ellipsometry (1)
- Starch (1)
- Starch nanoparticle (1)
- Strain sensors (1)
- Stress cracking resistance (1)
- Strontiumfluoride (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structural dynamics (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Subgrain structure (1)
- Submerged arc welding (1)
- Substrate effect (1)
- Sulfiding (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Superalloy (1)
- Superconducting (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Superplasticizer (1)
- Superplasticizers (1)
- Surface Chemical Transformation (1)
- Surface Energy (1)
- Surface Plasmon Resonance (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface crystallization (1)
- Surface energy (1)
- Surface functionalities (1)
- Surface group analysis (1)
- Surface morphology (1)
- Surface structuring (1)
- Surface texturing (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synchrotron CT (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synchrotron Tomography (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray Refraction (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (1)
- Synchrotron XRD (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synchrotron refraction radiography (1)
- Synthesizability (1)
- Synthetic air (1)
- TATP (1)
- TBC (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TEKKEN-Test (1)
- TEM Image (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- THz and mid IR spectroscopy (1)
- THz spectroscopy (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TKD (1)
- TMDSC (1)
- TMF (1)
- TRIP (1)
- TRIS (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferomerty (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometry (1)
- Tankdesign (1)
- Tauchwägung (1)
- Technical Lignin (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Temperature scaling (1)
- Tensile (1)
- Tensile Properties (1)
- Tensile test (1)
- Terahertz Tomography synthetic aperture (1)
- Terahertz synthetic aperture dielectric materials (1)
- Termites (1)
- Ternary quantum dot (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test methods validation (1)
- Test procedure (1)
- Testing (1)
- Textile fibres (1)
- Texture (1)
- Themal Transitions (1)
- Thermal Spray (1)
- Thermal arrier coatings (1)
- Thermal barrier coatings (1)
- Thermal cycling (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermoelectric generator design (1)
- Thermoelectric oxides (1)
- Thermomagnetic material (1)
- Thermomechanics (1)
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymer (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thin Films; (1)
- Thin polymer films (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticle (1)
- Time-offlight Diffraction (TOFD) (1)
- Time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium Dioxide (1)
- Titanium nitride (1)
- Titanium-di-boride (1)
- Titration (1)
- Tomographie (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tool steel (1)
- Topas (1)
- Topas-MC (1)
- Topas-nBio (1)
- Topografie (1)
- Topography (1)
- Topometry (1)
- Torsional fatigue (1)
- Total scattering analysis (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (1)
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) (1)
- Transmittance (1)
- Transport mechanism (1)
- Tribological behavior (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Two photon polymerisation (1)
- Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Type III composite pressure receptacles (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UCNP (1)
- UCST polymers (1)
- UCST-type polymer (1)
- UPLC (1)
- UV Weathering (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultra sound (1)
- Ultrafast laser processing (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ultraschalltauchtechnik (1)
- Ultrasonic (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Ultrasonic Transducer (1)
- Ultrasonic assisted milling (1)
- Ultrasonic echo technique (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty budgets (1)
- UpConversion (1)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (1)
- Upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- VM12 SHC (1)
- Vacuum (1)
- Vacuum hot extraction (1)
- Vakuumheißextraktion (1)
- Validation (1)
- Verbundwerkstoffe (1)
- Vereinfachtes Verfahren (1)
- Vergleichsstahlproben (1)
- Vernetzte Produktion (1)
- Verzinkungen (1)
- Videoskopie (1)
- Virtual experiments (1)
- Vitual computer tomography simulation (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- WIG-Blindschweißnaht (1)
- Waiting time (1)
- Wasseraufbereitung (1)
- Wasserstoffpermeation (1)
- Waste heat recovery (1)
- Water/alcohol mixtures (1)
- Wave propagation (1)
- Weld Joint (1)
- Wellenprüfung (1)
- White light interference microscopy(WLIM) (1)
- Widerstandpunktschweißen (1)
- Windkanal (1)
- Wood preservation (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (1)
- X-ray diffractometry (1)
- X-ray imaging (1)
- X-ray interferometry (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- X-ry Diffraction (1)
- XAS (1)
- Yb(III) (1)
- Yellowing (1)
- Young's modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Zahnmedizin (1)
- Zelluläres Polypropylen (1)
- Zement (1)
- Zementgebundene Baustoffe (1)
- Zentrifugentechnologie (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zersetzungsgasanalyse (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zinc and galvanized samples (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- ZnSe (1)
- Zonation (1)
- Zugversuch (1)
- Zuverlässigkeit (1)
- Zünder (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) (1)
- bioimaging (1)
- burst test (1)
- cocrystal (1)
- creep behaviour (1)
- dangerous goods packagings (1)
- depth-profiling (1)
- excess isotherms (1)
- excitation power density (1)
- extreme temperature (1)
- fluorine (1)
- gas adsorption (1)
- gas solubility (1)
- high-resolution camera (1)
- hybrid repair (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- life cycle test (1)
- low energy electrons (1)
- mechanochemistry (1)
- milling (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pH sensing (1)
- polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- porous solids (1)
- position detection (1)
- powder bed fusion of metals utilizing a laser beam (1)
- ssDNA (1)
- stress cracking resistance (1)
- test methods (1)
- µ-FTIR (1)
- µ-Raman (1)
- µ-XRF (1)
- µCT (1)
- Örtliche Korrosion (1)
- β-cristobalite structure type (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (204)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (97)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (95)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (65)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (60)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (56)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (53)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (45)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (45)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (36)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (1)
The church of Koszewko (Poland) is a brick building edified in the 15th century built on cobblestone foundations. There are five windows in the sanctuary. Three of them enclose heraldic panels from the Küssow’s family from the 15th century which are surrounded with Goethe glass from the 18th century to complete the windows. The colored heraldic panels are strongly damaged and corroded with massive paint layer losses, glass- and leadbreakages. Those medieval glass fragments have been shortly discovered and are of particular interest for Poland since only few medieval glazing have been conserved.
The damages as well as the glass compositions have been investigated with ESEM/EDX. Two categories of medieval glass compositions have been identified. The blue glass is particularly sensible to corrosion because of his high content in K2O. The colorless and the red glass samples belong to a stable glass type. Due to the thickness of the gel layer, it is easy to see that the degradation is strongly proceeded. The protection of those medieval stained-glass panels is absolute necessary.
The medieval panels have been restored and surrounded from a copper frame. Then they have been fixed on the wood frame in the church. The exterior glazing has been closed with a panel of Goethe glass. The gap between the Goethe- and the medieval glass is about 3 cm. The Goethe glass panel has been stabilized with a film based on polyester to protect the medieval glasses against any damages. In this way, a low cost protective glazing has been installed for a long-term conservation of each medieval stained-glass panels. The climate measurements over the period of one year on the restored windows are in process. The temperature and the relative humidity are recorded in the church interior, in the gap between the original and the Goethe glass and outdoors.
Considerations for nanomaterial identification of powders using volume-specific surface area method
(2019)
The EC’s recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial (2011/696/EU) should allow the identification of a particulate nanomaterial based on the number-based metric criterion according to which at least 50% of the constituent particles have the smallest dimension between 1 and 100 nm. However, it has been recently demonstrated that the implementation of this definition for regulatory purposes is conditioned by the large deviations between the results obtained by different sizing methods or due to practical reasons such as high costs and time-consuming.
For most measurement methods for particle size determination it is necessary to initially disperse the particles in a suitable liquid. However, as the particle size decreases, the adhesion forces increase strongly, making it more difficult to deagglomerate the particles and to assess accurately the result of this process. Therefore, the success of the deagglomeration process substantially determines the measurement uncertainty and hence, the comparability between different methods.
Many common methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) or ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy (US) can give good comparable results for the size of nanoparticles, if they are properly separated and stabilized (e.g. in reference suspensions).
In order to avoid the use of hardly available and expensive methods such as SEM / TEM for all powders, an agglomeration-tolerant screening method is useful.
One of the measurement methods well suited to probe the size of particulate powder is the determination of the volume-specific surface area (VSSA) by means of gas adsorption as well as skeletal density. The value of 60 m2/cm3 corresponding to spherical, monodisperse particles with a diameter of 100 nm constitutes the threshold for decisioning if the material is a nano- or non-nanomaterial. The identification of a nanomaterial by VSSA method is accepted by the EU recommendation.
However, the application of the VSSA method was associated also with some limitations. The threshold of 60 m2/cm3 is dependent on the particle shape, so that it changes considerably with the number of nano-dimensions, but also with the degree of sphericity of the particles. For particles containing micro-pores or having a microporous coating, false positive results are induced. Furthermore, broad particle size distributions made necessary to additionally correct the threshold. Based on examples of commercially available ceramic powders, the applicability of the VSSA approach was tested in relation with SEM and TEM measurements. The introduction of a correction term for deviations from sphericity and further additions improved the applicability of VSSA as a screening method.
Nominal-actual comparisons are routinely performed to compare a manufactured specimen to a reference specimen. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has brought a profound change in the way that tolerance verifications are performed in industry, by allowing the inner and outer geometries of an object to be measured, without the need for external access or destructive testing. As a results, CT is increasingly used in additive manufacturing applications, where a nominal-actual comparison performed between the digital model (CAD file), used as an input for the 3D printer, and the CT volume from the printed part, can provide invaluable information as to the accuracy of the printing process. However, the nominal-actual comparison process is somewhat different when applied to additively manufactured specimens by comparison to conventionally manufactured specimens.
Polymeric membranes represent a low-cost, energy efficient solution for gas separation. Recently polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have emerged as prestigious membrane materials featuring a large concentration of pores smaller than 1 nm, a BET surface area larger than 700 m2/g and high gas permeability and selectivity. Unusual chain structure combining rigid segments with sites of contortion gives rise to the intrinsic microporosity. However, this novel class of glassy polymers are prone to pronounced physical aging. The initial microporous structures approach a denser state via local small scale fluctuataions, leading to a dramatic reduction in the gas permeabilities. For the first time, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy with state-of-the-art high-resolution analyzers was employed to investigate three representative PIMs with a systematic change in chain rigidity: PIM-EA-TB 〉 PIM-1 〉 PIM-MDPH-TB. The molecular mobility, the charge transport and their response upon heating (aging) in the polymers were measured in a broad temperature range through isothermal frequency scans during different heating / cooling cycles. Multiple dielectric processes following Arrhenius behavior were observed for the investigated polymers. Local fluctuations, Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization and structural relaxation phenomena were discussed and attempted to be correlated with the structural features of PIMs. Moreover, all PIMs showed conductivity in the glassy state. The significant increase in the conductivity with increasing temperature far below the glass transition temperature of PIMs is explained in terms of the loosely packed microporous structure and the formation of local intermolecular agglomerates due to interaction of π-electrons in aromatic moieties of the polymer backbone.
New Focus On Boehmite-Reinforced Nanocomposites Molecular Approach With Advanced FTIR-Techniques
(2019)
By FTIR-study it was possible to proof a chemical reaction between boehmite and the hardener of anhydride cured epoxy resins. Future studies can assume that the chemical environment of the resin system is changed in the surrounding of boehmite nanoparticles. This highly affects especially localized properties.
Evolution of a friction material with braking sequence: properties related to the microstructure
(2019)
The microstructural complexity (multi-component and multi-scale) of friction materials, such as those used in braking applications,usually limits the characterization to the pristine state, even when they are to be submitted to high loading brake sequences. The understanding of properties ageing as a function of load history and microstructure is an important step to gain further knowledge on the tribological mechanisms occurring at the contact surface, as well as on the braking performances. To do so, the bulk mechanical and microscopical properties of a semi-metallic friction material are investigated before and after a braking sequence. Uniaxial compression tests combined with DIC are used to study the axial evolution of the mechanical behaviour (i.e., from the contact surface to the backplate). A significant mechanical evolution is observed in the after-braking material, which develops a layered behaviour along the depth. The layers (three) exhibit distinct mechanical/microstructural features that can be related to the braking thermal gradients and the occurrence of local damage.
In this work, the structural integrity of LBM fabricated IN625 small cylinders (d = 1 mm, h = 6 mm) was investigated regarding the porosity and the surface roughness by means of computed tomography. The measurements were carried out on a GE v|tome|x L 300/180 with a reconstructed voxel size of 2 µm. The pores were analyzed for size, shape and spatial distribution. The correlation between compactness C and spatial distribution showed that elongated pores (C < 0.2) appear exclusively within a distance of 80 µm to the sample surface. The reconstructed surface was digitally meshed and unwrapped to evaluate the mean roughness Ra. Since the gravity correlates linearly with the sine of the build angle, the influence of gravity on porosity and surface roughness was determined.
Nanocomposites are extremely versatile due to their physicochemical properties, which differ significantly from bulk homopolymers. One of the inorganic nanomaterials which are increasingly used as a filler in polymer matrices is boehmite, typically used as an inexpensive flame retardant. Here, it is used as a nanofiller in polycarbonate and polyamide, expecting to improve their mechanical properties. For industrial use boehmite is obtained by the solvothermal method, resulting in a layered nanomaterial, whereas naturally it occurs as single crystals with the size of <100µm. In this work we are obtaining and isolating boehmite crystals by a bottom-up method, in which a reaction between aluminum nitride and sodium hydroxide. Obtaining boehmite as microcrystals is necessary for its analysis and characterization, as well as to investigate its interaction with polymer matrices at the polymer/particle interface. Here, the obtained particles in polymer matrices are characterized with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis.
Nanocomposites are extremely versatile due to their physicochemical properties, which differ significantly from bulk homopolymers. One of the inorganic nanomaterials which are increasingly used as a filler in polymer matrices is boehmite, typically used as an inexpensive flame retardant. Here, it is used as a nanofiller in polycarbonate and polyamide, expecting to improve their mechanical properties. For industrial use boehmite is obtained by the solvothermal method, resulting in a layered nanomaterial, whereas naturally it occurs as single crystals with the size of <100µm. In this work we are obtaining and isolating boehmite crystals by a bottom-up method, in which a reaction between aluminum nitride and sodium hydroxide. Obtaining boehmite as microcrystals is necessary for its analysis and characterization, as well as to investigate its interaction with polymer matrices at the polymer/particle interface. Here, the obtained particles in polymer matrices are characterized with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis.
In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is formed. These adsorbed layers have shown enormous potential for technological applications. The growth kinetics and molecular dynamics of these buried layers in thin films are still not fully investigated due to the hard accessibility. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of homopolymer thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. The growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of original film thickness and annealing times. The thickness, topography and quality of the adsorbed layer is determined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor (NSC) is employed to measure the adsorbed layers with a free surface layer depending on annealing and solvent-leaching time. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work.
Over the past decades research on the molecular dynamics of miscible polymer blends is of topical interest in the literature, to understand the segmental mobility of individual components, as it is affected by blending. In general, miscible polymer blends exhibit a complex dynamic behavior. For an A/B blend the relaxation times of component A and component B are affected by the spatial local compositional heterogeneity, present in binary systems on a microscopic level, regardless of the macroscopic homogeneity. Here, a combination of broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy was employed to study the dynamically asymmetric PVME/PS blend with seven different compositions, focusing on samples with high PS contents. Considering that PS is dielectrically invisible, BDS is a powerful technique to study the response of PVME, as it is affected by PS segments. Here, three separate relaxation processes were found by dielectric investigations, related to confined or constrained PVME segments due to the spatial local compositional heterogeneities, which is in contrary to the previous literature findings [1]. Moreover, the dielectric data was compared with results obtained by specific heat spectroscopy, where a fourth relaxation process was found, due to the cooperative fluctuations of PVME and PS.
[1] Colmenero, J., Arbe, A. Soft Matter, 2007, 3, 1474.
Mechanochemistry paves the way to simple, fast, and green syntheses. Despite considerable effort, there remains a lack in understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In situ investigations help to understand these mechanisms, which occur during a mechanochemical reaction. Here we present a universal strategy for simultaneous real-time in situ analysis, combining X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography. The potential of our approach is shown for different model reactions.
Fresh cement paste is a suspension consisting of a hydraulic binder (cement), water, and numerous minor components – admixtures. Addition of admixtures aims at specific modification of properties of the fresh cement paste or hardened cementitious building material. Specific admixtures, so-called superplasticizers (SP), are used to improve the flowability of the fresh cement paste with reduced water content. The latter is the starting material for the high-strength concrete. Thus, SPs are essential for the ambitious construction projects.
However, uncontrollable retardation of the setting time in presence of SPs is occasionally observed. Obviously, SPs influence early products of the cement hydration leading to changes in the microstructure development. The hardening is thus delayed, and the quality of the resulting building material suffers. The mechanisms of the admixture action during the hydration process are still intensively investigated [1-7]. A detailed understanding of the admixture effects during the early hydration stage is the key to control and individual adjustment of the cement-based construction materials.
We use the unique combination of the wall-free sample holder and the time-resolved X-ray scattering analysis to achieve the full information about the hydrate phases formed under the influence of admixtures. We use ultrasonic levitator to start the cement hydration in levitated cement pellets [8, 9]. The sample levitation allows collection of the unimpaired information about cement hydrate phases. The most beneficial is the avoiding of the contributions of the sample holder material to the data signal.
We induce the cement hydration by adding water to unhydrated Portland cement during the data acquisition. The full phase composition of the hydrating cementitious system can be gathered in situ using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). During the hydration of cement both crystalline and amorphous hydrate phases are formed. WAXS data contain the information about crystalline phases behind the Bragg reflections, whereas the amorphous hydrates influence the appearance of the background. Application of the data analysis specific for crystalline or amorphous phases is needed. The data quantification by the Rietveld method allows to conclude about the changes of the phase amounts due to the presence of admixture. The calculation of the pair distribution functions allows analysis of the amorphous hydrates. Based on this information, the SP effects and the extent of their involvement into the ongoing reactions can be concluded. A detailed understanding of the complex cement hydration process is envisioned.
Ziel des Projektes HARFE (Haftfestigkeit Reproduzierbarkeit Festigkeit) war es, eine Er-höhung der Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeit auf Niedrigenergie-Polymeren (PE, PP, PTFE) zu erreichen. SENTECH realisierte dazu plasmachemische Oberflächenaktivierungen mit O2 und die Abscheidung von Aluminiumoxidschichten (Al2O3) mittels Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), wobei die Ellipsometrie zum in-situ Monitoring der ALD-Prozesse diente. Die BAM charakterisierte die modifizierten Oberflächen bezüglich der Oberflächenenergie (OFE) und bestimmte die Verbund- bzw. Klebfestigkeit mittels der Zentrifugentechnologie
Coating materials are nowadays often required to deliver not only sufficient barrier performance and suited optical appearance but a broad range of other functional properties. The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is known to improve many key characteristics and provide new functionalities in polymer materials. Presented work aims to prepare and characterize an organic-inorganic coating material designed to bring together advantageous properties of hybrid materials and reinforcement effect delivered from the inorganic NPs embedment.
Siloxane-based hybrid resins hold great advantages as coating materials as their properties can be tuned between those of polymers and those of glasses, thus, the compositions with superior thermal and mechanical properties can be achieved. We used Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Oligosiloxane (CEOS) resin as a polymeric matrix where the network formation was achieved by UV induced cationic polymerisation. Boehmite Alumina (BA) nanoparticles were added to CEOS resin as a reinforcing agent and resultant material was processed into films either by bar-coating or by spin-coating depending on further characterization procedure. Two different types of BA NPs, hydrophilic and organophilic, were used in order to assess the impact of particles surface on the resin characteristics. CEOS synthesis by condensation reaction was confirmed using 13C and 29Si NMR. Changes in CEOS photocuring process, resulting from particles incorporation, were monitored by real-time IR spectroscopy. At the same time, the thermal behaviour was evaluated by DSC and TGA methods. Morphology of the coatings was investigated by means of SEM operated in transmission mode.
It was observed that BA presence increased the epoxy conversion degree and glass transition temperature. Material formulations providing best film characteristics were determined with regard to the particle type and loading. Compared to the hydrophilic nanoparticles, organophilic BA NPs yield superior overall performance of the foils.
Since the early 19th century microorganisms were studied on their capabilities of causing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals. The most studied ones are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), but others can corrode metals as well, e.g. acid-producing bacteria or methanogenic archaea (MA). However, these studies were mostly focused on metals related to the petroleum industry but metals for other industries, e.g. dentistry, are also susceptible to corrosion. The inert Titanium (Ti) is often used as an implant material, but it is a base metal. The formation of a passivating oxide layer allows Ti to be corrosion resistant at normal conditions.
Nonetheless, scanning electron microscope images on dental implants from patients with acute peri-implantitis showed clear signs of corrosion. Currently, the corrosion mechanism of dental implants is unknown, but many indications suggest that oral microorganisms, including MA (Methanobrevibacter oralis) and SRB (Desulfomicrobium orale), could be involved.
To determine if MA or SRB can corrode Ti (pure Ti or Ti-6Al-4V alloy), corrosion rate, methane and sulfide concentrations were analyzed. Electrical potential measurements using in-house developed electrochemical cells indicated a potential change on Ti in the presence of a corrosive MA strain compared to an abiotic control.
Microbial composition comparison will be analyzed using samples from dental pockets of 150 infected patients by considering the quality of the implant and 50 healthy people by means of amplicon sequencing. Enrichments and isolation of pure cultures from the dentals samples are also examined for their corrosion behavior. Overall, this is the first study investigating the susceptibility of dental implant material to corrosion using human related MA.
Up to now, the mechanisms of surface nucleation and surface-induced texture formation are far from being understood. Very few observations of crystal orientation were focused on separately growing surface crystals. In conclusion, no systematic studies on initially oriented crystal growth or nucleation from defined active surface nucleation sites exists. Therefore, the main objective of this just is to advance the basic understanding of the mechanisms of surface-induced microstructure formation in glass ceramics. As a first attempt, we focus on reorientation of separately growing surface crystals during their early growth.
Polymeric core-shell particles were synthesized in a semi-batch emulsion polymerization process. The shell of the particles consist of PVDF with a high amount of beta-phase. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to quantify the size of the cores of the particles and the thickness of the shell.
Absorption edge tomography is a method which exploits the sudden change of the attenuation coefficient, when the photon energy crosses the absorption edge of an element. The beamline BAM line at BESSY II, which is operated by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, can provide a monochromatized beam in a photon energy range from 5 keV up to 80 keV with a bandwidth of 2%. Together with the microtomography setup, this enables differential tomography sensitive to any element with N >= 24 (Cr) by using an appropriate K- or L-edge in this range. Here, a polymer filament embedding metal organic framework (MOF) was prepared and used for 3D printing. Absorption edge tomography at the copper K edge was employed to perform a non-destructive 3D characterization of the microstructure of the embedded MOF. Data fusion was then used to determine the size distribution of the embedded MOF.
Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are a well established material in lightweight applications, e.g. in automotive, aerospace or wind energy. The FRP components are subjected to multiaxial mechanical as well as hygrothermal loads. Common operation temperatures are in the range of 213 K and 373 K (-60 °C and 100 °C) at a relative humidity of 10% to 90%. In spacecraft applications, the environmental conditions are even more extreme. However, the correlation between multiaxial mechanical loading and harsh environment conditions have to-date not been investigated in detail. The project aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of FRPs dependent on multiaxial mechanical loading, temperature, and humidity. Extensive experimental testing is performed on flat plate and cylindrical tube specimens, accompanied by numerical and analytical calculations.
Using non-optimum combination of manufacturing parameters in selective laser melting (SLM) may lead to reduction of quality of component: defects generation, distortion of geometry and even cracking. Usually, the optimization of parameters is performed by changing volumetric energy density (Ev) and selecting parameters giving low porosity values. However, not only low porosity but also stable microstructure and low residual stresses will help to achieve advanced mechanical behavior of the component.
In present work, we investigated cuboid-shaped Ti-6Al-4V samples produced with different manufacturing parameters. The parameters leading to the same Ev were considered as well as parameters which are not included in Ev. Residual stresses in subsurface region were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, which allows to penetrate around 100 µm from the surface therefore overcome the problem of high roughness of SLM components without additional sample preparation. Only tensile stresses were found along the building direction, that can play critical role especially during cyclic loading. In parallel, using X-ray computed tomography we also observe that porosity is mainly concentrated in the contour region, except in case where the laser speed is small. However, by using some process parameters it was possible to decrease residual stresses and obtain uniform α+β Ti microstructure and relatively low porosity. Additionally, it was found that not included in Ev (e.g., base plate position, focus distance) should be considered as additional manufacturing parameters during SLM process.
The porosity and the surface roughness are recently discussed problems for SLM parts. The influence of SLM process parameters on porosity is well studied for different materials. Nevertheless, the build angle (i.e. the angle between part orientation and build plate) needs to be understood as an additional SLM process parameter, as it has been shown, that the microstructure and hence the mechanical performance of various materials depend on the build angle. The inherent build angle of each strut as a part of a lattice structure is the motivation to investigate the influence of the build angle on the porosity and roughness on round-shaped (1 mm diameter) struts by means of CT. Conventional Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) has the limitation towards small and round shaped samples. The need for Computed Tomography (CT) regarding investigations of SLM parts will increase because no other non-destructive technique allows the assessment of complex geometries with inner laying surfaces. We used CT to assess the pores and the strut surface. Seven struts out of the nickel alloy Inconel 625 with build angles from 30° to 90° were studied. It was found that the number of pores is smaller, and the size of pores is larger for the 90° strut. In case of 30° strut, the number of pores is increased towards down-skin side, additionally, this strut orientation showed to have the largest number of attached powder particles. The elongated pores exist exclusively near the strut surface. While the roughness at the down-skin surface is highly depending of the biud angle, the roughness at the up-skin surface is the same for all struts. The mechanisms of pore and surface roughness formation is not mainly driven by gravity.
Additive manufacturing (AM) opens the route to a range of novel applications. However, the complexity of the manufacturing process poses a challenge to produce defect-free parts with a high reliability. Since process dynamics and resulting microstructures of AM parts are strongly influenced by the involved temperature fields and cooling rates, thermography is a valuable tool for process monitoring. Another approach to monitor the energy input into the part during process is the use of optical tomography.
Common visual camera systems reach much higher spatial resolution than infrared thermography cameras, whereas infrared thermography provides a much higher temperature dynamic. Therefore, the combined application increases the depth of information. Here, we present first measurement results using a laser beam melting setup that allows simultaneous acquisition of thermography and optical tomography from the same point of view using a beam splitter. A high-resolution CMOS camera operating in the visible spectral range is equipped with a near infrared bandpass filter and images of the build plate are recorded with long-term exposure during the whole layer exposing time. Thus, areas that reach higher maximum temperature or are at elevated temperature for an extended period of time appear brighter in the images. The used thermography camera is sensitive to the mid wavelength infrared range and records thermal videos of each layer exposure at an acquisition rate close to 1 kHz.
As a next step, we will use computer tomographic data of the built part as a reference for defect detection.
This research was funded by BAM within the focus area Materials.
An increase in the thermal diffusivity of Fe2TiO5 is observed after only three cycles of measurement. X-ray refraction shows an increase in the mean specific surface. A segregation of Ca- and F-rich nanocrystals at grain boundaries is also observed by SEM and STEM-EDX. This emphasizes the importance of precursor purity and the influence of redistribution of impurities on thermoelectric properties.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to produce easier geometrically complex parts compared to traditional production technologies. An important AM technology for metals is selective laser melting (SLM) where a part is produced by melting and solidifying powder in layers. This technique is known to cause a pronounced texture in the produced AM products due to the specific heat flow and the associated solidification of the material during SLM deposition. In order to evaluate the influence of the deposition hatch length during SLM of nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 samples on the texture and in order to identify any preferred crystallographic direction, we performed monochromatic neutron radiography scans (using wavelength from 1.6 Å to 4.4 Å, step size 0.05 Å) to image the samples while rotating it through 90°. Samples produced with short hatch length showed fine textured columnar grains oriented along the sample building direction in high-resolution radiographs. Whereas processing the sample using a ten-fold longer hatch length reduced the texture. The neutron radiographic experiments were accompanied by scanning electron microscopy including electron back-scattered diffraction to visualize and verify the microstructure and texture.
Additive Manufacturing by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) offers an ample scope for producing geometrically complex parts as compared to the traditional subtractive manufacturing strategies. However, the residual stresses (RS) developed during the processing can reduce the load bearing capacity as well as induce unwanted distortion, limiting the life time and the application of SLM parts.
Due to the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), it has been increasingly integrated into many industrial sectors.
The application of AM materials for safety-critical parts requires the detailed knowledge about their microstructure stability under thermo-mechanical or mechanical load and knowledge on ageing process mechanisms. Ageing processes are characterized by change of the material microstructure that is to be initially investigated. This work deals with the Investigation of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Describing Parameters must be defined and applied on the microstructure of these materials in their initial state and after loads were applied. The findings of this work form the basis for the investigation of AM material ageing.
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of iron is usually attributed to sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) which act upon the metal by the reactiveness of hydrogen sulfide, and by withdrawal of the available electrons in electrical contact with the metal. Methanogenic archaea can also cause MIC by directly withdrawing electrons from the iron surface for methanogenesis. However, the mechanistic details and kinetics of the overall process are poorly understood. Precipitation of siderite, a by-product of methanogenesis, (4Fe + 5HCO3 + 5H+ 4FeCO3 + CH4 + 3H2O) can lead to an insulating layer on the metal surface and lower the corrosion rate. Still, the extent of FeCO3 precipitation may be significantly influenced by environmental conditions such as pH and advective processes.
To investigate early stage corrosion processes of stainless steel 1.4301 taking place during the biofilm formation of the organism Shewanella putrefaciens electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a multielectrode approach has been used. The multielectrode array consisted of up to 25 electrically isolated electrodes made of stainless steel wires of diameters ranging from 100 µm to 500 µm. They were connected to a multichannel microelectrode analyzer (MMA) electrically coupled through zero resistance ammeters. Current flow between electrodes in the array as well as changes in impedance of individual electrodes over time were recorded and analyzed with respect to the onset of localized corrosion and biofilm formation. The results were complemented by optical microscopy, SEM and AFM images which were taken immediately after the respective experiment. To verify that the multielectrode arrays correctly indicated the initial stages of the corrosion process and of biofilm formation they were introduced in a flow cell reaction vessel containing test specimens made from stainless steel 1.4301, which were checked regularly for signs of localized corrosion and biofilms. Preceding results with the multielectrode array in solutions containing high amounts of chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide at low pH also showed that it is possible with the MMA to monitor individual electrodes becoming local anodes as local corrosion set in, while the remaining electrodes predominantly acted as cathodes.
The governing load bearing mechanism of multi-pile foundations is often the shaft friction. Under cyclic loading the soil particles next to the foundation rearrange and tend to compact leading to a decrease of the surrounding normal stress. The reduction of the normal stress leads to a lower threshold for shear stress (friction fatigue), which results in a degraded shaft bearing capacity. The common interface models used for numerical simulations (e.g. Mohr-Coulomb) are not able to capture such behavior. This work aims to develop an interface material model that incorporates such features of the contact behavior at the soil-structure interface.
Combining CO2 Streams from Different Emitters – A Challenge For Transport And Storage Infrastructure
(2015)
The European Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of CO2 envisages an open access of CO2 streams from different emitters to a nation- or even EUwide CO2 pipeline network if CO2 stream compositions meet “reasonable minimum composition thresholds”. As of today it is not known how such “composition thresholds” may be defined and which impurity levels may be viable in practical application.
To set up recommendations for criteria and respective threshold values for CO2 stream compositions, the project “CLUSTER” will investigate how a dynamic interplay – both in terms of mass fluxes and compositions – of CO2 streams from regionally clustered CO2 sources sharing a transport and storage infrastructure will impact corrosion, e.g., of pipelines and plant components, and geochemical alteration of cap rocks and reservoir rocks. In addition, the behaviour of such a highly dynamic CCS system will be considered for an overall optimization of system design including CO2 stream mixing schemes and facilities or interim CO2 storage.
In context of CLUSTER project, impacts of impurities (SO2, NO2, O2, CO, H2S, H2, N2, Ar and H2O) in CO2 streams captured from different sources in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage were investigated. Corrosion studies of oxidizing, reductive or mixed atmospheres towards transport pipeline steel X70 were carried out applying high pressure (10 MPa) at low temperatures (278 K or 313 K).
We present the synthesis of four mesoporous templated iron oxides: Ferrihydrite, Hematite, Maghemite, Magnetite/Maghemite and the influence of water on the crystallization mechanism and the kinetics. The absence of water stabilize the ferrihydrite structure. By monitoring the dissolution in situ by using a QCMB and ex situ microscopy we got details in the dissolution mechanism of ferrihydrite.
Polynuclear aluminium species (Al13 keggin cluster) find application in different areas like water purification [1], contaminant transport [2], and as pilling clays with high specific surface areas[3], due to their strong binding ability to aggregates and high positive charge.
In the present contribution, we report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Al13 cluster were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using a custom-made acoustic levitator as sample holder. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. From the data, a mechanism was derived indicating the influence of the crystallization process.
Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. The exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades due to their structural diversity. We synthesized manganese phosphonates in milling reactions. The mechanochemical reactions were investigated in situ to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
The exploration of metal phosphonates chemistry has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER).
Here, we present the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of different manganese phosphonates by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic acid) and N,N-Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine were chosen as ligands. The liquid-assisted milling process can be divided into three steps, including an amorphous stage. One of the products has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before.
These metal phosphonates and/or their derivatives are considered to be active in electrochemical energy conversion. The verification of their applicability is one of the topics of our resent research.
Mechanochemistry is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction. We investigated the reaction of benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) with malononitrile syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques.
Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Although mechanochemistry is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood making mechanochemical reactions difficult to predict. Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds accessible by grinding. Because of their structural diversity, the exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of the mechanochemical synthesis of a manganese(II)-phosphonate by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermography. The product has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before and its crystal structure was determined from PXRD data. The milling process can be divided into different steps, with the product crystallization corresponding with the highest temperature rise. The activity of this metal phosphonate towards OER was measured and is presented here.
In this contribution we describe an in-situ study of the crystallization of simvastatin in three solvents. The studies were carried out by solvent evaporation at the µSpot beamline using acoustically levitated solution droplets in combination with simultaneous X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and imaging analysis.
Metal organic frameworks and coordination polymers play an important role in different fields of applications. Moreover, particularly fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) are in the focus of interest during the last years. In most cases, fluorine is implemented using perfluorinated organic linkers at the synthesis, usually performed by solvothermal synthesis. However, only few examples are known so far where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. Recently, we reported about mechanochemical syntheses and characterization of fluorine-containing coordination polymers of alkaline earth metals by milling M(OH) (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) with fluorinated benzene dicarboxylic acids 2 and we reported about mechanochemical syntheses of alkaline earth metal fluorides with ammonium fluoride. Now we are reporting about a combination of both synthesis routes. That is the first mechanochemical synthesis of coordination polymers where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation.
In order to provide further evidence of damage mechanisms predicted by the solid-state transformation creep (SSTC) model, direct observation of damage accumulation during creep of Al–3.85Mg was made using synchrotron X-ray refraction (SXRR). X-ray refraction techniques capture the specific surface (i.e. surface per unit volume) with a field of view comparable to the specimen size but with microscopic sensitivity. A significant rise of the internal specific surface with increasing creep time was observed, providing evidence for the creation of a fine grain substructure, as predicted by the SSTC model.
Among the very few techniques to localize hydrogen (H) at the microscale in steels, Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was proven to be a reliable tool. The necessity to detect hydrogen stems from its deleterious effects in metals, that are often used as structural components and to obtain better understanding of the underlying metallurgical mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) which are still unclear.
Austenitic stainless steels are nowadays commonly used in a wide variety of application, from hydrogen transport and storage facilities to petrochemical and offshore applications where they are exposed to aggressive environments and therefore prone to HE. One of the greater risks in the austenitic class is the embrittlement of the material due to the instability of the γ austenite and its transformation into a brittle α martensitic phase. This transformation takes place due to the local stresses that are induced by the uptake of hydrogen during service. Nonetheless, it was shown that this transformation can occur as an artefact during SIMS analysis itself where Cs-sputtering is necessary not only to remove surface contaminations but mainly to enhance H/D secondary ion yield.
In the following contribution we show the influence of different sputtering conditions on AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel in order to distinguish the artefact from the hydrogen induced transformation. The material was charged electrochemically in a deuterium based electrolyte. Deuterium (D) must be in these experiments as a replacement for hydrogen which cannot be used because adsorbed hydrogen superimposes hydrogen originating from charging the sample in the SIMS images. ToF-SIMS analyses were conducted by ToF SIMS IV (IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Germany). The experiments were carried out on deuterium charged and non-charged samples. The structural characterization was carried out by SEM and EBSD examinations before and after charging, both with a Leo Gemeni 1530VP field-emission scanning electron microscope and a Zeiss Supra 40 instrument (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany). The results showed that the use of 1keV Cs+ beam induces stacking faults while higher sputter beam energies results in γ→α transformation.
Background Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: biocidal coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Aim Our goal is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays on a single cell level.
Methodology To study the effect of antimicrobial-antibiotic exposure on resistance development and population dynamics on bacterial biofilms in a multidrug environment, we will grow Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass surfaces with and without antimicrobial coatings and expose them to antibiotics. First, we will screen in vitro for combinations of antibiotics and antimicrobials that select for and against antibiotic resistance. Second, effective combinations will be chosen for in-depth investigations during bacterial adhesion and of mature biofilms of resistant and susceptible genotypes. Third, based on the outcome of the screen and the obtained mechanistic understanding we will choose a clinical example in which we study the relevance of our findings in biofilms grown in vivo.
Relevance Studying the biointerfacial interactions between bacterial biofilms and medical devices in terms of population dynamics as well as on single cell level during multidrug selection will help us understand how drug resistance develops and spreads in persistent biofilm infections. Based on our findings we aim to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials in order to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.
Die Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM) hat sich in den letzten Jahren als eine vielseitige Abbildungstechnik von Oberflächen mit einer sehr hohen Ortsauflösung etabliert. Über die Untersuchung der reinen Oberflächentopographie sind erweiterte Modi in der Lage, gleichzeitig Informationen über die elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften sowie Adhäsionsprozesse auf Oberflächen zu liefern. Interessanter wird es, wenn das AFM mit geeigneten Messzellen für in-situ-Untersuchungen in kontrollierten Atmosphären oder in Elektrolyten unter elektrochemischer Kontrolle ausgestattet ist. Dies ermöglicht die Untersuchung von Korrosions- und Adhäsionsprozessen unter Bedingungen, die die Betriebsumgebung repräsentieren.
Ein aktueller Forschungsschwerpunkt unseres Fachbereiches liegt in den Untersuchungen der Deformationseigenschaften von Funktionsschichten auf Leichtmetalllegierungen, sowie in situ Untersuchungen des Korrosionsverhaltens unter kombinierter korrosiver und mechanischer Beanspruchung mittels AFM. Durch die Integrierung eines Zug-Druckmoduls in den Probentisch des Rasterkraftmikroskops haben wir jetzt die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Materialien uniaxialen Umformversuchen mit bis zu 5 kN Kraft zu unterziehen. Dabei können unter anderem auch zyklische Belastungen genutzt werden, um Ermüdungsprozesse zu simulieren. Da die Messungen in situ ohne die De- und Remontage der Probe durchgeführt werden, ermöglicht der Aufbau nicht nur Messungen mit präziser Positionssteuerung, sondern auch die Untersuchung von Prozessen im elastischen Bereich, die für die Aufklärung der Mechanismen, die zu Ermüdungsversagen führen, entscheidend sind.
Die Posterpräsentation wird detaillierte Informationen zum neuen AFM-Setup liefern und unsere aktuellen Ergebnisse zur Verformung dünner Schutzschichten auf AA2024-T3 zusammenfassen.
THz and mid IR spectroscopy of high-molecular PE (HMW) and ultra high-molecular PE (UHMW) reveals modifications of the molecular structure. Characteristic absorption bands are changed if the two materials are exposed by -Co60 radiation up to 600 kGy and subsequently stored at an annealing temperature of 398 K until for 729 days. UHMW-PE and HMW-PE behave differently during the ageing process because of their molecular weight and inherent structure distinctions. The spectroscopic data offer characteristic absorption bands, which have been used to describe the complete ageing process in more detail. For instance, the integral absorption in the B1u THz-region can be used to describe quantitatively the reduction of crystallinity. The formation of trans vinylene unsaturation and the decay of vinyl during ageing can be observed in detail in the mid IR range.
Biomaterials for bone replacement and grafting should possess sufficient strength, be bioresorbable and demonstrate osteoconductivity/osteoinductivity. Nowadays, hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are the most widespread ceramics for bone grafting at the market, however, their resorption is reported, in some cases, to be not enough. This is why the search for more soluble ceramics compared to HA and TCP looks rather viable.
A possible way to increase ceramics solubility leads to partial substitution of Ca2+-ions in Ca3(PO4)2 by alkali castions, like Na+ or/and K+. Improvement of solubility stems from decreasing lattice energy of a substituted phase, as well as increase in hydration energy of the ions releasing from the phase to ambient solution. From this viewpoint, bioceramics based on compositions from Ca3(PO4)2 - CaKPO4 - CaNaPO4 ternary system seems to be prospective for bone replacement and grafting in sense of resorption properties. At the same time, one should bear in mind that solubility level (resorbability) is governed not only by reduction of lattice energy, but also by microstructure features. Grain sizes and porosity contribute much to dissolution rate making study of sintering of aforementioned ceramics highly important.
Background Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: biocidal coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Aim Our goal is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials, how antimicrobial resistance mutations are acquired and evolve within mature biofilms, and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays.
Methodology We will grow biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass surfaces with and without antimicrobial coatings and expose them to antibiotics. Then we will track their physiological properties, evolutionary adaptations, and population dynamics. First, we will screen in vitro for combinations of antibiotics and antimicrobials that select for and against antibiotic resistance. Second, effective combinations will be chosen for in-depth investigations during bacterial adhesion and of mature biofilms of resistant and susceptible genotypes. Third, based on the outcome of the screen and the obtained mechanistic understanding we will choose a clinical example in which we study the relevance of our findings in biofilms grown in vivo.
Relevance Studying the biointerfacial interactions between bacterial biofilms and medical devices in terms of population dynamics as well as on single cell level during multidrug selection will help us understand how drug resistance develops and spreads in persistent biofilm infections. Based on our findings we aim to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials in order to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.