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Up to now THz-TDS-systems aren’t considered to be nondestructive testing facilities for large scale industrial applications, despite it was proven that they provide a comprehensive set of quality parameters. A practical approach to bring THz-TDS in addition to already existing testing systems into the industrial mainstream is systematic development of future test procedures and test facilities for dielectrics. For this purpose polyeth-ylene test specimen with introduced artefacts were designed, to evaluate the detection sensitivity of Time of Flight measurements based on dielectrics. SAFT reconstructed tomograms are presented which visualize the sizes and location of artificially introduced flaws.
THz – ToF optical layer analysis (OLA) to determine optical properties of dielectric materials
(2017)
Electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 0.1 and 10 THz are described as THz-radiation (T-ray). The ability to penetrate dielectric materials makes T-rays attractive to reveal discontinuities in polymer and ceramic materials.
THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy Systems (THz-TDS) are available on the market today which operates with THz-pulses transmitted and received by optically pumped semiconductor antennas. In THz-TDS the travelling time (ToF) and shape of the pulse is changed if it interacts with the dielectric material and its inherent discontinuities. A tomogram of the object under the test can be reconstructed from time of flight diffraction (ToFD) scans if a synthetic focusing aperture (SAFT) algorithm is applied. The knowledge of the base materials shape and optical properties is essential for a proper reconstruction result. To obtain these properties a model is assumed which describes the device under the test as multilayer structure composed of thin layers with different dielectric characteristics. The Optical Layer Analysis (OLA) is able to fulfill these requirements. A short description why the optical properties are crucial for meaningful SAFT reconstruction results will be given first. Afterwards the OLA will be derived and applied on representative samples to discuss and evaluate ist benefits and limits.
T-rays are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 0.3 and 10 THz. The ability to penetrate dielectric materials makes them attractive to reveal discontinuities in polymer and ceramic materials. THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy Systems (THz-TDS) are available which operates with THz-pulses. In THz-TDS the travelling time (ToF) and shape of the pulse changes if it interacts with the basic material and its discontinuities. Several reconstruction techniques have been already demonstrated in the context of THz-ToF. Nevertheless, tomographic reconstruction procedures, developed for x-ray computed tomography (CT) ap-plications, have been preferably applied. As a result, reliable tomograms could be presented in case of existing minor refraction property differences between the defect and its surrounding material. Nevertheless geometric artefacts could be observed. The strong restriction of the CT application for the inspection of dielectric plastics that engaged us to develop a recon-struction technique that takes refraction into account. A time domain SAFT based algorithm will be presented, which is able to visualize discontinuities properly in dimension and location, if the base materials shape and its refractive index are considered. The algorithm became more challenging in case of multilayer composites. For that reason an Optical Layer algorithm was developed. Measurements on representative samples with a variety of artificially produced small and large size defects will be shown. The calculated tomograms will be demonstrated to discuss and evaluate the benefits and limits of the two different reconstruction approaches.
The ability to penetrate dielectric materials makes T-rays attractive to reveal discontinuities in polymer and ceramic materials. Changes of travelling time (ToF) and pulse shape due to the interactions of THz pulses with the dielectric material and its inherent discontinuities can be observed. A tomogram of the object under the test can be reconstructed from time of flight diffraction (ToFD) scans if a synthetic focusing aperture (SAFT) algorithm is applied.