Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2017 (211) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (211) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (203)
- Deutsch (7)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Referierte Publikation
- ja (211) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Nanoparticle (11)
- Fluorescence (10)
- Mechanochemistry (9)
- Quantum yield (8)
- SAXS (7)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (7)
- NIR (6)
- Femtosecond laser (5)
- IR (5)
- Lifetime (5)
- Quantification (5)
- Additive manufacturing (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Fatigue strength (4)
- Fracture mechanics (4)
- In situ (4)
- Lanthanide (4)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (4)
- Multiple crack propagation (4)
- Residual stress (4)
- Residual stresses (4)
- Upconversion (4)
- Alkali-silica reaction (3)
- Cast iron (3)
- Computed tomography (3)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (3)
- Ellipsometry (3)
- Initial crack size (3)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (3)
- Laser ablation (3)
- MAG welding (3)
- MALDI-TOF MS (3)
- Method (3)
- Neutron diffraction (3)
- Phase transformation (3)
- Polymer (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Short crack propagation (3)
- Silver nanoparticles (3)
- Steel (3)
- X-ray computed tomography (3)
- XRD (3)
- Absolute fluorometry (2)
- Aktive Thermografie (2)
- Biodiesel (2)
- Brightness (2)
- Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (2)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (2)
- Carbon nanotubes (2)
- Composites (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Corrosion (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- DNA origami (2)
- Doped tin oxide (2)
- Dye (2)
- EBSD (2)
- Environment (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (2)
- Epoxy resin (2)
- Fatigue (2)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (2)
- Gas sensing (2)
- Gefahrgutverpackung (2)
- Grain growth (2)
- Heat treatment (2)
- High-strength steel (2)
- High-strength steels (2)
- Iron oxide (2)
- LIBS (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (2)
- MALDI (2)
- Mechanical properties (2)
- Metal phosphonate (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Microstructure (2)
- NMR (2)
- Nanocomposite (2)
- Nanocomposites (2)
- Nanocrystal (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- Polyethylen (2)
- Polylactide (2)
- Polylactides (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Process parameters (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Rammed earth (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Restraint (2)
- Ring-opening polymerization (2)
- Semiconductor (2)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (2)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- Surface chemistry (2)
- Thermography (2)
- Thin Films (2)
- Thin films (2)
- Titanium (2)
- ToF-SIMS (2)
- Wear (2)
- Welding (2)
- Welding simulation (2)
- Weldments (2)
- X-ray imaging (2)
- X-ray refraction (2)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2)
- (Mn,Ga)As crystallites (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 4'-hydroxyacetophenone (1)
- AC-nanochip calorimetry (1)
- AFM cantilever vibration (1)
- AFM intermittent contact (1)
- AFM tip shape (1)
- Aberfan flowslide (1)
- Abplatzen (1)
- Absolute flourescence (1)
- Absolute flourometry (1)
- Absolute fluoreometry (1)
- Accelerated time integration (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acoustic emissions analysis (1)
- Active and passive thermography (1)
- Active thermography (1)
- Adjustment calculation (1)
- Adsorption of phosphate (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-Legierung (1)
- Alkali ingress (1)
- Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (1)
- Amphiphilic dumbbells (1)
- Anodic oxidation (1)
- Antenna effect (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antiphase boundary (1)
- Aqdditive manufacturing (1)
- Archaeology (1)
- Artificial cells (1)
- Artificial turf (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Assay (1)
- Asymmetric supercapacitor (1)
- Athletic tracks (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Ausscheidungen (1)
- Axle (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- BLE (1)
- BODIPY (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacteroidetes (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Behandlungsparameter (1)
- Biegefestigkeit (1)
- Biegesteifigkeit (1)
- Bio lubricants (1)
- Biocides (1)
- Bioconjugate (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biofuel cells (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomedical engineering (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Bluetooth Low Energy (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Bragg-edge imaging (1)
- Brake pad materials (1)
- Brand (1)
- Brass (1)
- Brithtness (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Building-blocks (1)
- CCS (1)
- CFK (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CO2-storage (1)
- Calcium alkali orthophosphate (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced composite (1)
- Carbon fibres nanotubes interface (1)
- Carbon nanodots (1)
- Carbon-based nanomaterials (1)
- Carbon-fluorine bonds (1)
- Casting skin (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Cationization (1)
- CdSe (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cellular solids (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Cermet (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemicals classification (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Circular dichroism (1)
- Climate simulation concrete prism test (1)
- Co-planar translational laminography (1)
- Cocrystal (1)
- Cocrystals (1)
- Colour center (1)
- Compatibility (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complex formation (1)
- Complex structures (1)
- Component design (1)
- Compression (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Computational model for unsaturated flow (1)
- Computed thomography (1)
- Concrete pavement (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Conductometry (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Continuum damage mechanics (1)
- Controlled radical polymerization (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copper (1)
- Correlative tomography (1)
- Corrosion fatigue (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Cr complex (1)
- Crack (1)
- Crack criterion (1)
- Crack detection (1)
- Crack driving force (1)
- Cracks (1)
- Creep (1)
- Critical micelle concentration (CMC) (1)
- Crystal phase determination (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- Curing kinetics (1)
- Cuticle (1)
- Cyclic loading (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Cyclopolymerization (1)
- Cysteine (1)
- C–C coupling (1)
- DNA (1)
- DSC (1)
- DSS (1)
- DSSC (1)
- Darkfield microscopy (1)
- Data correction (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Decay time (1)
- Delamination (1)
- Dendrimersomes (1)
- Dendritic amphiphile (1)
- Dense alumina (1)
- Density functional theory (DFT) (1)
- Dentistry (1)
- Desiccation resistance (1)
- Dezincification (1)
- Dielectric materials (1)
- Dielectrics (1)
- Different electrochemical conditions (1)
- Different load cases (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Digital radiography (1)
- Dilatometry (1)
- Dislocations (1)
- Dispersity (1)
- Dissimilar welding (1)
- Distance transform (1)
- Doubly charged ions (1)
- Druckkraft (1)
- Dual emission (1)
- Dual-environment (1)
- Ductile cast iron (1)
- Duplex stainless steel (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dynamic fracture mechanics (1)
- EM-clustering (1)
- EN 16807-2016:12 (1)
- EPS (1)
- ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Earth block masonry (EBM) (1)
- Economic wide technology replacement (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Effective irradiation dose 0.2-16 [Gy] (1)
- Electroceramics (1)
- Electrochemical behavior (1)
- Electromagnetic scattering (1)
- Electron back-scattered diffraction (1)
- Electron irradiation 30 [kV] (1)
- Electronic structure (1)
- Electrospray ionization polymers (1)
- Emission standards (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy input (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Epoxy (1)
- Etal-complexes (1)
- Ettringit (1)
- European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) (1)
- Excitation energy dependence (1)
- Excitation power density dependence (1)
- Excitation spectra (1)
- Exciton (1)
- External alkalis (1)
- External load test (1)
- FEA (1)
- FNCT (1)
- FRET (1)
- Fahrbahnbeton (1)
- Faserverbundwerkstoffe (CFK, GFK) (1)
- Fatigue assessment (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Fatigue life time (1)
- Fatigue loading (1)
- Ferritic/martensitic steel (1)
- Festigkeitssteigerung (1)
- Feuchtetransport (1)
- Fibre reinforced composites (1)
- Film (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Finite element simulation (1)
- Fire (1)
- Flame retardants (1)
- Flammability (1)
- Flowability (1)
- Fluid transport (1)
- Fluorescence probe (1)
- Focused ion beam tomography (1)
- Force-distance curves (1)
- Fourier series (1)
- Fracture energy (1)
- Friction (1)
- Friction stir welding (1)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-notch creep test (FNCT) (1)
- Fungi (1)
- GMR (1)
- Gas permeation (1)
- Gas separation (1)
- Gas separation membrane (1)
- Gel electrophoresis (1)
- Gel-type electrolytes (1)
- Gelartige Elektrolyte (1)
- Geothermal environment (1)
- Germylium ions (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (1)
- Glow discharge processes (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Grain pest beetles (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Grating interferometry (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Gurson model (1)
- HPC (1)
- HSC (1)
- HSQ (1)
- Halbleiterphysik (1)
- Haltezeit (1)
- Hard object collisions (1)
- Hazardous chemicals (1)
- Heat-affected zone (1)
- Heating (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) (1)
- High ductility (1)
- High power welding (1)
- High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) (1)
- Historical earthen building (1)
- Ho(III) (1)
- Hochleistungsbeton (1)
- Hot cracking (1)
- Hybrid laser-arc weld (1)
- Hybrid nanoparticles (1)
- Hydrodefluorination (1)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (1)
- Hydrogen trapping (1)
- Hydrogen-assisted cracking (1)
- Hyperbranched polymers (1)
- I-shape sections (1)
- ISO 6892-1 (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impact behaviour (1)
- In situ PXRD (1)
- In situ XRD (1)
- In situ bending tests (1)
- In situ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (1)
- Integrating sphere (1)
- Intermetallic compound (1)
- Interpass temperature (1)
- Interphase (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Iron oxides (1)
- Iron-oxo oligomers (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Irreversible polycondensation (1)
- Janus dendrimers (1)
- Kikuchi patterns (1)
- Knoevenagel condensation (1)
- Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff (1)
- Krypton (1)
- LED phosphors (1)
- LPSO Phase (1)
- LTT (1)
- Lactides (1)
- Landslide propagation modelling (1)
- Laser Processing (1)
- Laser heated pedestal growth (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Laser-induced redox reactions (1)
- Laser-material interactions (1)
- Layer-wise slurry deposition (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Leakage (1)
- Lean duplex stainless steel (1)
- Lewis-acids (1)
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) (1)
- Life time prediction (1)
- Life-cycle assessment (1)
- Liftetime (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Light-harvesting (1)
- Limiting oxygen concentration (1)
- Liquid chromatography at critical conditions (1)
- Liquid petroleum products (1)
- Liquid phase sintering (1)
- Lizard (1)
- Load partition (1)
- Long-Term Monitoring (1)
- Low blow (1)
- Low temperature (1)
- Lubricant films (1)
- MALDI TOF MS (1)
- MEMS (1)
- MOF (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Mandible (1)
- Martensitic stainless steels (1)
- Material (1)
- Materials characterization (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Medical imaging (1)
- Melanised microcolonial fungi (MCF) (1)
- Mesoporous films (1)
- Metal matrix composite (1)
- Metastable (1)
- Method evaluation (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Methods (1)
- Mg-Y-Zn Alloy (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro-CT (1)
- Microalloyed steels (1)
- Microbial adhesion tests (1)
- Microcracking (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Micromechanics model (1)
- Microstructure and texture (1)
- Mill scale (1)
- Milling (1)
- Model friction tests (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Moisture Measurement (1)
- Moisture clog (1)
- Moisture transport (1)
- Molecular mobility (1)
- Monitoring of damage (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Mouthguard (1)
- Multi-regional inputeoutput data (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multidimensional Spectroscopy (1)
- Müller Polarimetry (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Nano (1)
- Nanoclays (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanocorrosion of aluminium and silicon (1)
- Nanoindentation (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanophysik (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostructured capacitors (1)
- Nanoviscosity (1)
- Nanowires (1)
- Neon (1)
- Network (1)
- Neutron Diffraction (1)
- Neutron imaging (1)
- Ni-Co oxide (1)
- Nickel-based superalloy (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Niobium carbide (1)
- Nitrile rubber (1)
- Non-Destructive testing (1)
- Nonlinear (1)
- Notches (1)
- Numerical inversion (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- Oligospiroketals (1)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Optical Wavefield (1)
- Optoelektronik (1)
- Orientation mapping (1)
- Oxides (1)
- Oxyfuel (1)
- PET (1)
- PH (1)
- PIM-1 (1)
- PLGA cement (1)
- POD (1)
- POSS (1)
- Pacemaker (1)
- Parameter Study (1)
- Partial safety factor (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size gradation (1)
- Pavement concrete (1)
- Perzyna viscoplasticity (1)
- Phosphine-ligands (1)
- Photo physics (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photon counting detectors (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical ageing (1)
- Physical hazards (1)
- Piezopolarisation (1)
- Pipeline (1)
- Pitfalls (1)
- Pitting corrosion (1)
- Plasma polymers (1)
- Plasmid DNA pUC19 (1)
- Plasmonic absorption (1)
- Plasmonics (1)
- Plate girders (1)
- Polarity (1)
- Poly(acrylic acid) (1)
- Poly- (hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (1)
- Polyacrylic acid (1)
- Polyamorphism (1)
- Polycaprolactone (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyester fabric strips (1)
- Polyethylene (PE-HD) (1)
- Polyethylenterephthalat (1)
- Polymer MALDI (1)
- Polymer based nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymer-metal (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (1)
- Polymorphic transition (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Porosimetry (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Post-welding Imperfections (1)
- Powder diffraction (1)
- Pre-Columbian ceramics (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Probe (1)
- Process innovations (1)
- Projective geometry (1)
- Protein (1)
- Pseudo-dynamic loads (1)
- Pseudobrookite (1)
- Pullulan (1)
- Pyrazinamide (1)
- Quantum Yield (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quantum yield standard (1)
- Quenching and partitioning (1)
- R-curve (1)
- RSSI (1)
- Radioprotector ectoine (1)
- Rapid prototyping (1)
- Reduced graphene oxide (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Refractive index (1)
- Residual Stresses (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resonance testing (1)
- Reverse time migration (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (1)
- Rock-art caves (1)
- Room-temperature (1)
- Rope (1)
- Rubber (1)
- Rubber granules (1)
- Rust (1)
- Röntgen-3D-Computertomographie (1)
- SA508 (1)
- SEM–EDS/EBSD (1)
- SERS (1)
- SHPB (1)
- SPH (1)
- STEM/TEM imaging (1)
- Saxs (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scanning nano beam electron diffraction (1)
- Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Scattering Theory (1)
- Sealing materials (1)
- Selective laser melting (1)
- Self-assembled structures (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Shear test (1)
- Shear-compression tests (1)
- Shell (1)
- Shock absorbtion (1)
- Shore hardness (1)
- Shrinkage (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silica nanowires (1)
- Silicate glasses (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silver (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single crystal fiber (1)
- Sinter/sintering (1)
- Sliding friction (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Sn catalysts (1)
- Soft matter (1)
- Soyean oil (1)
- Spalling (1)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (1)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- Spectroscopic ellipsomety (1)
- Sphingan (1)
- Spontane Polarisation (1)
- Spot welding (1)
- Spot welds (1)
- Spring Meeting 2016 (1)
- Stabilising agents (1)
- Stability (1)
- Standard (1)
- Standards (1)
- Stapeldruckprüfung (1)
- Starch (1)
- Static monitoring (1)
- Steam (1)
- Steel reinforced concrete (1)
- Stern Geary constant (1)
- Stern-Geary-Konstante (1)
- Stofftransport (1)
- Strengthening (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Strontium yttrate (1)
- Structural Health Monitoring (1)
- Structural integrity (1)
- Structural properties (1)
- Structural relaxation (1)
- Structure solution (1)
- Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) (1)
- Substitute model (1)
- Sulfobetaines (1)
- Supercapacitor (1)
- Superconducting magnets (1)
- Superconductor (1)
- Supercritical CO2 (1)
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Superplasticity (1)
- Supra molecular polymerization (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surface plasmon (1)
- Surface plasmon polariton (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface tension (1)
- Surface texture (1)
- Surface treatment (1)
- Surface wetting (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron, BAMline (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- TEM (1)
- TENSTAND WP4 Final Report (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TMF (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometer (1)
- Tandem gas metal arc welding (1)
- Tandem welding (1)
- Target plate material (1)
- Temper (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Tensile behavior (1)
- Tensile loading (1)
- Tensile properties (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensile testing procedure (1)
- Test methods (1)
- The charge transfer and ionization process (CTI) (1)
- Theory (1)
- Thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal softening (1)
- Thermische Diffusivität (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) (1)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymres (1)
- Thick films (1)
- Thin film metrology (1)
- Thin polymeric films (1)
- Thiol (1)
- Three-dimensional printing (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Titanite (1)
- Titanium alloy (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- Titanium nitride films (1)
- Top-down (1)
- Transesterification (1)
- Transfer layer (1)
- Transformable steels (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Transparent conductive oxides (1)
- Transport processes (1)
- UCST-type copolymer (1)
- UHMWPE (1)
- UN-GHS (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra thin polymer films (1)
- Ultra-Hochleistungsbeton (1)
- Ultrafast microscopy (1)
- Ultrasonic (1)
- Ultrasonic echo technique (1)
- Ultrasonic velocity (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- VOC (1)
- Vapor-phase hydrofluorination (1)
- Vertebral (1)
- Vinyl fluoride (1)
- Void nucleation & growth (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volumenbruchteil (1)
- Vorlagerungszeit (1)
- Vulcanisation system (1)
- Water oxydation catalysis (1)
- Welded Plate Girders (1)
- Welding residual stress (1)
- Welding residual stresses (1)
- Wärmebehandlung (1)
- X-ray CT (1)
- X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (1)
- X-ray phase contrast (1)
- XAFS (1)
- XANES (1)
- XPS (1)
- Yb(III) (1)
- Yellowness index (1)
- Young's modulus (1)
- Young’s modulus (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc(II) complexes (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zn-Fe-Zr nanoparticles (1)
- Zonierung (1)
- Zr(iV) compounds (1)
- biomineralization (1)
- calcium carbonate (1)
- microwave synthesis (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nucleation (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- polymer additives (1)
- µCT (1)
- α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucans (1)
- β-eucryptite (1)
The syntheses, structures, and photophysical properties of two new zinc(II) complexes bearing the tridentate N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine (ddpd) ligand are presented. Structural investigations through single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations revealed a diverse coordination behavior that depends on the counterion. Spectroscopic (UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy) and theoretical techniques (DFT and time-dependent DFT calculations) were employed to explore the photophysical properties of the complexes.
Although the concept of structural water that is bound inside hydrophobic pockets and helps to stabilize protein structures is well established, water has rarely found a similar role in supramolecular polymers. Water is often used as a solvent for supramolecular polymerization, however without taking the role of a comonomer for the supramolecular polymer structure. We report a low–molecular weight monomer whose supramolecular polymerization is triggered by the incorporation of water. The presence of water molecules as comonomers is essential to the polymerization process. The supramolecular polymeric material exhibits strong adhesion to surfaces, such as glass and paper. It can be used as a water-activated glue, which can be released at higher temperatures and reused many times without losing its performance.
Data correction is probably the least favourite activity amongst users experimenting with small-angle X-ray scattering: if it is not done sufficiently well, this may become evident only during the data analysis stage, necessitating the repetition of the data corrections from scratch. A recommended comprehensive sequence of elementary data correction steps is presented here to alleviate the difficulties associated with data correction, both in the laboratory and at the synchrotron. When applied in the proposed order to the raw signals, the resulting absolute scattering cross section will provide a high degree of accuracy for a very wide range of samples, with its values accompanied by uncertainty estimates. The method can be applied without modification to any pinhole-collimated instruments with photon-counting direct-detection area detectors.
In this review we present new concepts and recent progress in the application of semiconductur quantum dots (QD) as labels in two important areas of biology, bioimaging and biosensing. We analyze the biologically relevant properties of QDs focusing on the following topics: QD surface treatment and stability labeling of cellular structures and receptors with QDs, incorporation of QDs in living cells, cytotoxicity of QDs and influence of the biolocical environment on the biological and optical properties of QDs. Initially, we consider utilization of QDs as agants in high-resolution bioimaging techniques that can provide information at the molecular levels. The deverse range of modern live-cell QD-based imaging techniques with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light is examined. In each technique, we discuss the pros and cons of QD use and deliberate how QDs can be further engineered to facilitate their application in the respective imaging techniques and to produce significant improvements in resolution. Then we review QD-based point-of-care bioassays, bioprobes, and biosensors designed in different formats ranging from analytic biochemistry assays and ELISA, to novel point-of-care smartphone integrated QD-based biotests. Here, a wide range of QD-based fluorescence bioassays with optical transduction, electrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical assays are discussedc. Finally, this review provides an analysis of the prospects of application of QDs in selected important Areas of biology.
The performance of grating interferometers coming up now for Imaging interfaces within materials depends on the efficiency (visibility) of their main component, namely the phase grating. Therefore, experiments with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and corresponding simulations are carried out. The visibility of a Phase grating is optimized by different photon energies, varying detector to grating distances and continuous rotation of the phase grating about the grid lines. Such kind of rotation changes the projected grating shapes, and thereby the distribution profiles of phase shifts. This yields higher visibilities than derived from ideal rectangular shapes. By continuous grating rotation and variation of the propagation distance, we achieve 2D visibility maps. Such maps provide the visibility for a certain combination of grating orientation and detector position. Optimum visibilities occur at considerably smaller distances than in the standard setup.
In the present study, we applied a regularized inversion method to extract the particle size, magnetic moment and relaxation-time distribution of magnetic nanoparticles from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), DC magnetization (DCM) and AC susceptibility (ACS) measurements. For the measurements the particles were colloidally dispersed in water. At first approximation the particles could be assumed to be spherically shaped and homogeneously magnetized single-domain particles. As model functions for the inversion, we used the particle form factor of a sphere (SAXS), the Langevin function (DCM) and the Debye model (ACS). The extracted distributions exhibited features/peaks that could be distinctly attributed to the individually dispersed and non-interacting nanoparticles. Further analysis of these peaks enabled, in combination with a prior characterization of the particle ensemble by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, a detailed structural and magnetic characterization of the particles. Additionally, all three extracted distributions featured peaks, which indicated deviations of the scattering (SAXS), magnetization (DCM) or relaxation (ACS) behavior from the one expected for individually dispersed, homogeneously magnetized nanoparticles. These deviations could be mainly attributed to partial agglomeration (SAXS, DCM, ACS), uncorrelated surface spins (DCM) and/or intra-well relaxation processes (ACS). The main advantage of the numerical inversion method is that no ad hoc assumptions regarding the line shape of the extracted distribution functions are required, which enabled the detection of these contributions. We highlighted this by comparing the results with the results obtained by standard model fits, where the functional form of the distributions was a priori assumed to be log-normal shaped.
The evolution of the internal strains during in situ tension and compression tests has been
measured in an MgY2Zn1 alloy containing long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase using
neutron diffraction. The alloy was extruded at two different temperatures to study the influence
of the microstructure and texture of the magnesium and the LPSO phases on the deformation
mechanisms. The alloy extruded at 623 K (350 °C) exhibits a strong fiber texture with the basal
plane parallel to the extrusion direction due to the presence of areas of coarse non-recrystallised
grains. However, at 723 K (450 °C), the magnesium phase is fully recrystallised with grains
randomly oriented. On the other hand, at the two extrusion temperatures, the LPSO phase
orients their basal plane parallel to the extrusion direction. Yield stress is always slightly higher
in compression than in tension. Independently on the stress sign and the extrusion temperature,
the beginning of plasticity is controlled by the activation of the basal slip system in the dynamic
recrystallized grains. Therefore, the elongated fiber-shaped LPSO phase which behaves as the
reinforcement in a metal matrix composite is responsible for this tension–compression asymmetry.
The elucidation of mechanisms underlying the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important topic in nanotoxicological research. Most studies dealing with silver NP uptake provide only qualitative data about internalization efficiency and do not consider NP-specific dosimetry. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the cellular uptake of differently coated silver NPs of comparable size in different human intestinal Caco-2 cell-derived models to cover also the influence of the intestinal mucus barrier and uptake-specialized M-cells. We used a combination of the Transwell system, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and ion beam microscopy techniques. The computational in vitro sedimentation, diffusion, and dosimetry (ISDD) model was used to determine the effective dose of the particles in vitro based on their individual physicochemical characteristics. Data indicate that silver NPs with a similar size and shape show coating-dependent differences in their uptake into Caco-2 cells. The internalization of silver NPs was enhanced in uptake-specialized M-cells while the mucus did not provide a substantial barrier for NP internalization. ISDD modeling revealed a fivefold underestimation of dose–response relationships of NPs in in vitro assays. In summary, the present study provides dosimetry-adjusted quantitative data about the influence of NP coating materials in cellular uptake into human intestinal cells. Underestimation of particle effects in vitro might be prevented by using dosimetry models and by considering cell models with greater proximity to the in vivo situation, such as the M-cell model.
Environmental and sustainable economical concerns are generating a growing interest in biofuels predominantly produced from biomass. It would be ideal if an energy conversion device could directly extract energy from a sustainable energy resource such as biomass. Unfortunately, up to now, such a direct conversion device produces insufficient power to meet the demand of practical applications. To realize the future of biofuel-fed fuel cells as a green energy conversion device, efforts have been devoted to the development of carbon-based nanomaterials with tunable electronic and surface characteristics to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts and/or as supporting matrix for metal-based electrocatalysts. We present here a mini review on the recent advances in carbon-based catalysts for each type of biofuel-fed/biofuel cells that directly/indirectly extract energy from biomass resources, and discuss the challenges and perspectives in this developing field
Ectoine plays an important role in protecting biomolecules and entire cells against environmental stressors such as salinity, freezing, drying and high temperatures. Recent studies revealed that ectoine also provides effective protection for human skin cells from damage caused by UV-A radiation. These protective properties make ectoine a valuable compound and it is applied as an active ingredient in numerous pharmaceutical devices and cosmetics. Interestingly, the underlying mechanism resulting in protecting cells from radiation is not yet fully understood. Here we present a study on ectoine and its protective influence on DNA during electron irradiation. Applying gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate for the first time that ectoine prevents DNA strand breaks caused by ionizing electron radiation. The results presented here point to future applications of ectoine for instance in cancer radiation therapy.
Many engineering structures are nowadays made of composite materials or metal foam. These modern engineering materials contain very complex inner geometry. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. In this paper a numerical method is proposed to find an approximate substitute model for geometrical complex structures.
Efficient water oxidation catalysts are required for the development of water splitting technologies. Herein, the synthesis of layered hybrid NiFephenylphosphonate compounds from metal acetylacetonate precursors and phenylphosphonic acid in benzyl alcohol, and their Oxygen evolution reaction performance in alkaline medium, are reported. The hybrid particles are formed by inorganic layers of NiO6 and FeO6 distorted octahedra separated by bilayers of the organic group, and template the Formation in situ of NiFe hydroxide nanosheets of sizes between 5 and 25 nm and thicknesses between 3 and 10 nm. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements suggest that the hybrid also acts as a template for the local structure of the metal sites in the active catalyst, which remain distorted after the transformation. Optimum electrocatalytic activity is achieved with the hybrid compound with a Fe content of 16%. The combination of the synergistic effect between Ni and Fe with the structural properties of the hybrid results in an efficient catalyst that generates a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 240 mV, and also in a stable catalyst that operates continuously at low overpotentials for 160 h.
Miniaturized pacemakers with a surface consisting of a Ti alloy may have to be removed after several years from their implantation site in the heart and shall, therefore, not be completely overgrown by cells or tissue. A method to avoid this may be to create at the surface by laser-ablation self-organized sharp conical spikes, which provide too little surface for cells (i.e., fibroblasts) to grow on. For this purpose, Ti-alloy substrates were irradiated in the air by 790 nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser pulses at fluences above the ablation threshold. The laser irradiation resulted in pronounced microstructure formation with hierarchical surface morphologies. Murine fibroblasts were seeded onto the laser-patterned surface and the coverage by cells was evaluated after 3–21 days of cultivation by means of scanning electron microscopy. Compared to flat surfaces, the cell density on the microstructures was significantly lower, the coverage was incomplete, and the cells had a clearly different morphology. The best results regarding suppression of cell growth were obtained on spike structures which were additionally electrochemically oxidized under acidic conditions. Cell cultivation with additional shear stress could reduce further the number of adherent cells.
Photoluminescence techniques are amongst the most widely used Tools in the life sciences, with new and exciting applications in medical diagnostics and molecular Imaging continuously emerging. Advantages include their comparative ease of use, unique sensitivity, non-invasive character, and potential for Multiplexing, remote sensing, and miniaturization. General drawbacks are, however, signals, that contain unwanted wavelength- and polarization contributions from Instrument-dependent effects, which are also time-dependent due to aging of Instrument-components, and difficulties to measure absolute flourescence entensities. Moreover, scattering Systems require Special measurement geometries and the interest in new optical Reporters with Emission > 1000 nm strategies for reliable measurements in the second diagnostic for the comparison of material Performance and the rational designg of new flourophores with improved properties.
Here, we present strategies to versatile method-adaptable liquid and solid flourescence Standards for different flourescence paramters including traceable Instrument calibration procedures and the design of integrating spere setups for the absolute measurements of emission spectra and Quantum yields in the wavelength Region of 350 to 1600 nm. Examples are multi-Emitter glasses, spectral flourescence Standards, and quantum yield Standards for the UV/vis/NIR.
One of the fundamental principles of the UN-GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) is that all hazards of a chemical should be assigned and communicated. There is no general prioritization of hazards in the sense that certain hazard classes are not applicable if another one has been assigned. In contrast to health and environmental hazards, there are physical or chemical factors which preclude certain combinations of physical hazard classes. So far, there is no common understanding as to which combinations are relevant and which not. For example, should a pyrophoric liquid be classified as flammable liquid in addition, or is this redundant and unnecessary? In the course of the implementation of the GHS by countries or sectors and the actual application by industry all over the world, such questions become more and more important.
This publication systematically discusses all combinations of the UN-GHS physical hazard classes and assesses them with regard to the relevance of possible simultaneous assignment to a chemical. For many of the combinations an unambiguous decision based on theGHS alone is not possible, thus confirming that the question which physical hazard classes might be assigned simultaneously to a chemical is not trivial. As one more milestone on the path to a globally harmonized system for the classification of hazardous chemicals, this should be discussed and ultimately solved on a global basis. It is the hope that this publication might serve as an impetus for such discussions.
In this study, thickness related changes of the optical properties of doped tin oxide were studied. Two different sets of samples were prepared. The first set was doped with iron or nickel on silicon substrate with thicknesses of 29–56 nm, the second was iron doped on gold/glass substrate with 1.6–6.3 nm. The optical constants were determined by using spectral ellipsometry (SE) followed by modelling of the dielectric function with an oscillator model using Gaussian peaks. The analysis of the optical constants shows a dependence of the refraction and the absorption on the thickness of the doped tin oxide coating. In addition to the tin oxide absorption in the UV, one additional absorption peak was found in the near-IR/red which is related to plasmonic effects due to the doping. This peak shifts from the near-IR to the red part of the visible spectrum and becomes stronger by reducing the thickness, probably due to the formation of metal nanoparticles in this layer. These results were found for two different sets of samples by using the same optical model. Afterwards the second sample set was tested in the Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Ellipsometric (SPREE) gas measurement with CO gas. It was found that the thickness has significant influence on the sensitivity and thus the adsorption of the CO gas. By increasing the thickness from 1.6 nm to 5.1 nm, the sensing ability is enhanced due to a higher coverage of the surface with the over coating. This is explained by the high affinity of CO molecules to the incorporated Fe-nanoparticles in the tin oxide coating. By increasing the thickness further to 6.3 nm, the sensing ability drops because the layer disturbs the SPR sensing effect too much.
The breadth of applications of nanoparticles and the access to food-associated consumer products containing nanosized materials lead to oral human exposure to such particles. In biological fluids nanoparticles dynamically interact with biomolecules and form a protein corona. Knowledge about the protein corona is of great interest for understanding the molecular effects of particles as well as their fate inside the human body. We used a mass spectrometry-based toxicoproteomics approach to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles and to comprehensively characterize the protein corona formed around silver nanoparticles in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. Results were compared with respect to the cellular function of proteins either affected by exposure to nanoparticles or present in the protein corona. A transcriptomic data set was included in the analyses in order to obtain a combined multiomics view of nanoparticle-affected cellular processes. A relationship between corona proteins and the proteomic or transcriptomic responses was revealed, showing that differentially regulated proteins or transcripts were engaged in the same cellular signaling pathways. Protein corona analyses of nanoparticles in cells might therefore help in obtaining information about the molecular consequences of nanoparticle treatment.
The nucleophilic thiol–ene (thia-Michael) reaction between molecular rods bearing terminal thiols and bis-maleimides was investigated. The molecular rods have oligospiroketal (OSK) and oligospirothioketal (OSTK) backbones. Contrary to the expectations, cyclic oligomers were always obtained instead of linear rigid-rod polymers. Replacing the OS(T)K rods with a flexible chain yielded polymeric products, suggesting that the OS(T)K structure is responsible for the formation of cyclic products. The reason for the preferred formation of cyclic products is due to the presence of folded conformations, which have already been described for articulated rods.
Unraveling the Dynamics of Nanoscopically Confined PVME in Thin Films of a Miscible PVME/PS Blend
(2017)
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was employed to investigate the glassy dynamics of thin films (7−200 nm) of a poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/polystyrene (PS) blend (50:50 wt %). For BDS measurements, nanostructured capacitors (NSCs) were employed, where films are allowed a free surface. This method was applied for film thicknesses up to 36 nm. For thicker films, samples were prepared between crossed electrode capacitors (CECs). The relaxation spectra of the films showed multiple processes. The first process was assigned to the α-relaxation of a bulklike layer. For films measured by NSCs, the rates of α-relaxation were higher compared to those of the bulk blend. This behavior was related to the PVME-rich free surface layer at the polymer/air interface. The second process was observed for all films measured by CECs (process X) and the 36 nm film measured by NSCs (process X2). This process was assigned to fluctuations of constraint PVME segments by PS. Its activation energy was found to be thickness-dependent because of the evidenced thickness dependency of the compositional heterogeneity. Finally, a third process with an activated temperature dependence was observed for all films measured by NSCs (process X1). It resembled the molecular fluctuations in an adsorbed layer found for thin films of pure PVME, and thus, it is assigned accordingly. This process undergoes an extra confinement because of frozen adsorbed PS segments at the polymer/substrate interface. To our knowledge, this is the first example where confinement-induced changes were observed by BDS for blend thin films
L-Lactide is polymerized in bulk at 160 8C either with dibutyltin bis(benzylmercaptide) (SnSBzl), dibutyltin bis(benzothiazole 2-mercaptide) (SnMBT), or with dibutyltin bis(pentafluorothiophenolate) (SnSPF) as catalysts. SnSBzl yields linear polylactides having benzylthio-ester end groups in addition to cyclic polylactides, whereas SnMBT and SnSPF mainly or exclusively yield cyclic polylactides. This finding, together with model reactions, indicates that the SnS catalysts promote a combined ring-opening polymerization and polycondensation process including end-to-end cyclization. SnMBT caused slight racemization (3%–5%), when used at 160 8C. With SnSPF optically pure cyclic poly(L-lactide)s with high-molecular weights can be prepared at 160 8C.