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Welcome to the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete Technology in Africa (ACCTA 2016), January 27– 29, 2016, held at White Sands Hotel, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
The first ACCTA conference that took place in January 2013 in Johannesburg was a result of an African-European collaborative research project. Due to the success of this conference, it was announced that a triennial international conference is necessary, with the next conference scheduled to take place once again in Johannesburg. Within the organisation of the conference, unfortunately some unforeseeable events arose, which would lead to either a delay of the conference in Johannesburg until 2018 or a change of venue. The great response from the international scientific community supported the option to maintain the originally scheduled date. With the support of the local organisation committee from the University of Dar es Salaam and the contributions from the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Zagreb the conference was shifted to Dar es Salaam.
Despite the new boundary framework, we are extremely happy that it was possible to arrange an outstanding and excellent scientific programme. Therefore we would like to thank in particular the keynote speakers and all members of the international scientific community, as well as other delegates that supported the conference by their contributions and attendance. This shows us how significantly important the African cement and concrete market is for the entire global community.
Africa can become a spearhead for the future of construction with cement and concrete. The continent exhibits an enormous construction potential and due to the relatively short history of building with these materials, innovations can be adopted and adapted unbiased and without influence of stakeholders, traditions, and complicated networks of regulations. This is a fertile ground for the existing promising generation of engineers and decision makers for re-inventing cement and concrete in the best possible way.
There is no global optimum solution for concrete. The best solution in Africa is not the best solution in Europe or another part of the world, and the best solution in one particular African country is diverging from the best solution in another African country depending upon resources, supply chains, infrastructure, construction needs, traditions, available manpower, skills and technologies. Nevertheless, we can globally support our objectives to build future oriented and sustainable construction solutions by mutually learning from each other. In order to tackle the future challenges and build more sustainably and innovatively with concrete, we need to enhance interdisciplinary and cross-national skills and create networks between experts and decision makers globally.
ACCTA offers this kind of platform, and we are happy to announce that the conference reaches a high impact in the world. Delegates and speakers come from more than 40 countries in the world originating from all continents. Besides the technical content there will be plenary discussions on the most relevant topics of future binder technologies and standards and product safety with outstanding expert panellists.
We want to wish all delegates a successful conference and hope that this book can be a significant contribution for a future oriented and better concrete technology; in Africa and the entire world. Welcome to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Components in the Aerospace, Power and Automotive engineering sectors are frequently subjected to cyclic stresses induced by thermal fluctuations and mechanical loads. For the design of such components, reliable material property data are required which need to be acquired using well accepted and reproducible test procedures for thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading. Available materials TMF property data are limited so that there is a need for further TMF data generated by TMF testing. The TMF behaviour of materials is often desired to be simulated in models which describe the cyclic stress-strain behaviour, the fatigue life and the cyclic crack growth behaviour. There is a continuous need for the development and amendment of such models. Models can be validated by using materials in industrial applications which are subjected to TMF loading.
Die Hinterglasmalerei fand als Zwischengattung der Glas- und Tafelmalerei eher wenig Beachtung, war sie doch lange mit dem Begriff der Glasmalerei belegt. Dieses geschah jedoch zu Unrecht, wie die Auswahl an Hinterglasbildern, die in dieser Publikation vorgestellt wird, eindrucksvoll belegt. Auch wenn Glas in beiden Fällen das Trägermaterial darstellt, wird in der Hinterglasmalerei die Rückseite der Glastafel mit organisch gebundenen Malfarben verziert, während aufzubrennende Schmelzfarben das Glas in der Glasmalerei schmücken. Der wesentliche Unterschied offenbart sich in der Lichtführung: Hinterglasbilder werden ausschließlich bei auffallendem Licht betrachtet. Der Malvorgang bei hintermalten Gläsern verläuft grundsätzlich von vorne nach hinten, da der Malgrund zugleich die Schauseite darstellt. Dieser Band, dessen Grundlage ein von der DFG gefördertes Forschungsvorhaben „Die Hinterglasmalerei in Flandern, Burgund und am Niederrhein von 1330 bis 1550. Ursprünge der ›kalten Malerei‹ auf Glas unter Berücksichtigung der Einflüsse durch die Glas- und Tafelmalerei“ ist, möchte einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Kunstform der Hinterglasmalerei als eigenständige Kunstgattung zu etablieren.