Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
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- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (2)
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The motivation and the measurement setup for large fast-scanning piezoresistive cantilevers are presented. The theory behind the measurements of mechanical properties through contact resonance is explained. Results of such measurements on two kinds of polymer are compared to results from force distance curves. Noise, time-dependency and dependency of the results on the vibration mode are identified as challenges of contact resonance.
The geometry of the melt pool in laser beam welding plays a major role to understand the dynamics of the melt and its solidification behavior. In this study, a butt configuration of 20 mm thick structural steel and transparent quartz glass was used to observe the weld pool geometry in the partial penetration mode by means of a high-speed camera. The observations show that the dimensions of the weld pool vary depending on the depth. The areas close to the weld pool surface take a teardrop-shape. A bulge-region and its temporal evolution were observed approximately in the weld pool root. Additionally, a 3D transient thermal-fluid numerical simulation was performed to obtain the weld pool shape and to understand the formation mechanism of the observed bulging effect. The model considers the local temperature field, the effects of phase transition, thermo-capillary convection, natural convection and temperature-dependent material properties. The numerical results showed good accordance and were furthermore used to improve the understanding of the experimentally observed bulging effect.
Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas‐turbine engines due to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glassy deposits from various sources has been a persistent issue since many years. In this study, state of the art electron microscopy was correlated with X‐ray refraction techniques to elucidate the intrusion of CMAS into the porous structure of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs and the formation and growth of cracks under thermal cycling in a burner rig. Results indicate that the sparse nature of the infiltration as well as kinetics in the burner rig are majorly influenced by the wetting behavior of the CMAS. Despite the obvious attack of CMAS on grain boundaries, the interaction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with intruded CMAS has no immediate impact on structure and density of internal surfaces. At a later stage the formation of horizontal cracks is observed in a wider zone of the TBC layer.
Mg is a very promising material for lightweight construction and biomedical applications. However, the applicability of Mg and its alloys is hindered by its high corrosion susceptibility. Moreover, due to the toxicity of most inorganic conversion coating systems, the development of novel pre-treatment strategies for technical alloys are of vital importance. Recently, the application of intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been introduced as an alternative approach for corrosion protection of Mg alloys. ICPs with electronic conductivity are known to be able to passivate small defects, however they fail in the presence of large defects due to fast coating reduction and increased cation transport if macroscopically extended percolation networks exist.
The aim of this study is to develop graphene-polymer nanocomposite thin films for corrosion protection of Mg-alloys. As polymer matrix, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was selected due to its semiconducting properties and protonic conductivity. In contrast to ICPs with electronic conductivity, the pH-dependant, reversible protonation/de-protonation capability of the P4VP has been utilized to synthesize environment-responsive coatings. The presentation summarizes our recent results on the synthesis and characterization of this novel coating system with a special focus on their interfacial stability and corrosion protection properties.
Mg is a very promising material for lightweight construction and biomedical applications. However, the applicability of Mg and its alloys is hindered by its high corrosion susceptibility. Moreover, due to the toxicity of most inorganic conversion coating systems, the development of novel pre-treatment strategies for technical alloys are of vital importance. The aim of this study is to develop polymeric bilayer thin films for corrosion protection of Mg-alloys. As polymer matrix, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was selected due to its semiconducting properties and protonic conductivity. In contrast to ICPs with electronic conductivity, the pH-dependant, reversible protonation/de-protonation capability of the P4VP has been utilized to synthesize environment-responsive coatings. Polyacrylicacid (PAA) was tested as crosslinking layers to improve interfacial interactions between the polymeric layers. The macroscopic corrosion properties of the bilayer coatings were investigated by means of electrochemical methods such as linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in corrosive media simulating technical and biomedical applications. The presentation summarizes our recent results on the synthesis and characterization of this novel coating system with a special focus on their interfacial stability and corrosion protection properties.
CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory tests for method validation and measurement uncertainty determination
(2019)
An explosion in a chemical plant or a fire on a dangerous goods vessel - the reason for such accidents can be numerous. Prevention starts in the laboratory where chemicals are tested for their hazardous properties in order to be able to assess the risks involved in their handling. For this purpose, test methods have been developed and published. They are applied globally nowadays. Safety experts, manufacturers, suppliers, importers, employers or consumers must be able to rely on the validity of safety-related test methods and on correct test results and assessments in the laboratory.
Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Participation in interlaboratory tests is not only a crucial element of the quality assurance of laboratories; as such it is explicitly recommended in DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to develop and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty.
Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in collaboration with the QuoData GmbH during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory tests. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method (see interlaboratory test reports of the CEQAT-DGHS Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances: www.ceqat-dghs.bam.de).
In view of the interlaboratory test results the following conclusions can be drawn:
• To avoid any discrepancy on classification and labelling of chemicals it should become state of the art to use validated test methods and the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty.
• A need for improvement is demonstrated for all examined test methods. Thus, interlaboratory tests shall initially aim at the development, improvement and validation of the test methods (including the determination of the measurement uncertainty) and not on proficiency tests.
• The laboratory management and the practical execution of the tests need to be improved in many laboratories.
• The term "experience of the examiner" must be seen critically: A "long experience with many tests" is not necessarily a guarantee for correct results.
aRTist is an easy-to-use and practical simulation tool to generate realistic radiographic images from CAD objects. A dedicated add-on module makes CT simulation easy (virtual computer tomography). Just choose the number of projections.
Unlike in the practice, simulation can separately image the primary and scatter radiation. This allows studying the scattering artefacts in CT (gray-level variations in regions of homogeneous material).
The WelDX research project aims to foster the exchange of scientific data inside the welding community by developing and establishing a new open source file format suitable for documentation of experimental welding data and upholding associated quality standards. In addition to fostering scientific collaboration inside the national and international welding community an associated advisory committee will be established to oversee the future development of the file format. The proposed file format will be developed with regards to current needs of the community regarding interoperability, data quality and performance and will be published under an appropriate open source license.
By using the file format objectivity, comparability and reproducibility across different institutes and experimental setups can be improved.