Analytische Chemie
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2022 (615) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (217)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (191)
- Posterpräsentation (89)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (59)
- Forschungsbericht (17)
- Sonstiges (15)
- Forschungsdatensatz (10)
- Buchkapitel (7)
- Dissertation (2)
- Handbuch (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (529)
- Deutsch (85)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (24)
- Digitalization (22)
- Certification (20)
- Conformity assessment (20)
- COVID-19 (19)
- Digital transformation (19)
- Sensor (19)
- Calibration (18)
- Conformity assessment body (18)
- Quality infrastructure (18)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (235)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (215)
- 6 Materialchemie (111)
- 8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen (54)
- 8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren (53)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (52)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (44)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (44)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (42)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (40)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (40)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (35)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (32)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (31)
- S.2 Digitalisierung der Qualitätsinfrastruktur (30)
- 1.3 Instrumentelle Analytik (28)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (27)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (26)
- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (21)
- 8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik (20)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (19)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (19)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (18)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (16)
- VP Vizepräsident (16)
- VP.1 eScience (16)
- 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien (15)
- 6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (14)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (10)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (9)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (9)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (9)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (7)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (6)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (5)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (4)
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (4)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (3)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (3)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (3)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (3)
- 9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz (3)
- 1.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (2)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (2)
- 3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern (2)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (2)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (2)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (2)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (2)
- P Präsident (2)
- P.0 Präsident und andere (2)
- S.1 Qualität im Prüfwesen (2)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (1)
- 2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik (1)
- 3.2 Gefahrguttanks und Unfallmechanik (1)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (1)
- 6.7 Materialsynthese und Design (1)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (1)
- 7.3 Brandingenieurwesen (1)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (1)
- 7.7 Modellierung und Simulation (1)
- 9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik (1)
- 9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten (1)
- VP.2 Informationstechnik (1)
Paper des Monats
- ja (5)
ADAMTS4-specific MR-probe to assess aortic aneurysms in vivo using synthetic peptide libraries
(2022)
The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has substantially increased during the last 20 years and their rupture remains the third most common cause of sudden death in the cardiovascular field after myocardial infarction and stroke. The only established clinical parameter to assess AAAs is based on the aneurysm size. Novel biomarkers are needed to improve the assessment of the risk of rupture. ADAMTS4 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs 4) is a strongly upregulated proteoglycan cleaving enzyme in the unstable course of AAAs. In the screening of a one-bead-one-compound library against ADAMTS4, a low-molecular-weight cyclic peptide is discovered with favorable properties for in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging applications. After identification and characterization, it’s potential is evaluated in an AAA mouse model. The ADAMTS4-specific probe enables the in vivo imaging-based prediction of aneurysm expansion and rupture.
The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio can, in principle, be used for provenancing of cement. However, while commercial cements consist of multiple components, no detailed investigation into their individual 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios or their influence on the integral 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of the resulting cement was conducted previously. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining and comparing the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of a diverse set of Portland cements and their corresponding Portland clinkers, the major component of these cements. Two approaches to remove the additives from the cements, i.e. to measure the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotopic fingerprint of the clinker only, were tested, namely, treatment with a potassium hydroxide/sucrose solution and sieving on a 11-µm sieve. Dissolution in concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid and in diluted nitric acid was employed to determine the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the cements and the individual clinkers. The aim was to find the most appropriate sample preparation procedure for cement provenancing, and the selection was realised by comparing the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of differently treated cements with those of the corresponding clinkers. None of the methods to separate the clinkers from the cements proved to be satisfactory. However, it was found that the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of clinker and cement generally corresponded, meaning that the latter can be used as a proxy for the clinker 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio. Finally, the concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid dissolution method was found to be the most suitable sample preparation method for the cements; it is thus recommended for 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses for cement provenancing.
11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers.
In this work, the optimization of the immunochemical response of antibody-gated indicator delivery (gAID) systems prepared with mesoporous silica nanoparticles has been studied along various lines of system tailoring, targeting the peroxide-type explosive TATP as an exemplary analyte. The mechanism of detection of these gAID systems relies on a displacement of an antibody “cap” bound to hapten derivatives anchored to the surface of a porous hybrid material, allowing the indicator cargo stored in the mesopores to escape and massively amplify the analyte-related signal. Since our aim was to obtain gAID systems with the best possible response in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and assay time, sera obtained from different immunization boosts were screened, the influence of auxiliary reagents was assessed, structural hapten modification (hapten heterology) was investigated, and various indicator dyes and host materials were tested. Considering that highly selective and sensitive immunological responses are best obtained with high-affinity antibodies which, however, could possess rather slow dissociation constants, leading to slow responses, the main challenge was to optimize the immunochemical recognition system for a rapid response while maintaining a high sensitivity and selectivity. The best performance was observed by grafting a slightly mismatching (heterologous) hapten to the surface of the nanoparticles in combination with high-affinity antibodies as “caps”, yielding for the first time gAID nanomaterials for which the response time could be improved from hours to <5 min. The materials showed favorable detection limits in the lower ppb range and discriminated TATP well against H2O2 and other explosives. Further optimization led to straightforward integration of the materials into a lateral flow assay without further treatment or conditioning of the test strips while still guaranteeing remarkably fast overall assay times.
Current trends in materials and life sciences are flanked by the need to push detection limits to single molecules or single cells, enable the characterization of increasingly complex matrices or sophisticated nanostructures, speed up the time of analysis, reduce instrument complexity and costs, and improve the reliability of data. This requires suitable analytical tools such as spectroscopic, separation and imaging techniques, mass spectrometry, and hyphenated techniques as well as sensors and their adaptation to application-specific challenges in the environmental, food, consumer product, health sector, nanotechnology, and bioanalysis. Increasing concerns about health threatening known or emerging pollutants in drinking water, consumer products, and food and about the safety of nanomaterials led to a new awareness of the importance of analytical sciences. Another important driver in this direction is the increasing demand by legislation, particularly in view of the 17 sustainable development goals by the United Nations addressing clean energy, industry, and innovation, sustainable cities, clean water, and responsible consumption and production. In this respect, also the development of analytical methods that enable the characterization of material flows in production processes and support recycling concepts of precious raw materials becomes more and more relevant. In the future, this will provide the basis for greener production in the chemical industry utilizing recycled or sustainable starting materials.
This makes analytical chemistry an essential player in terms of the circular economy helping to increase the sustainability of production processes. In the life sciences sector, products based on proteins, such as therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies, increase in importance. These increasingly biotechnologically produced functional biomolecules pose a high level of complexity of matrix and structural features that can be met only by highly advanced methods for separation, characterization, and detection. In addition, metrological traceability and target definition are still significant challenges for the future, particularly in the life sciences.
However, innovative reference materials as required for the health and food sector and the characterization of advanced materials can only be developed when suitable analytical protocols are available. The so-called reproducibility crisis in sciences underlines the importance of improved measures of quality control for all kinds of measurements and material characterization. This calls for thorough method validation concepts, suitable reference materials, and regular interlaboratory comparisons of measurements as well as better training of scientists in analytical sciences.
The important contribution of analytical sciences to these developments is highlighted by a broad collection of research papers, trend articles, and critical reviews from these different application fields. Special emphasis is dedicated to often-overlooked quality assurance and reference materials.