Analytische Chemie
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Standardization for the Industrial Internet of Things: Engagement by China, Germany and the USA
(2018)
Standardization is a major challenge for a successful digital transformation of manufacturing. Industry and governments have put this topic on their agenda and stakeholders worldwide are engaged in various Standard Development Organizations, consortia and fora, seeking to shape the standards for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This paper for the first time analyzes how well participants from the USA, China and Germany are actually represented and engaged in standards development for the IIoT. Using quantitative metrics, the study specifically investigates standardization activities for Wireless Sensor Networks at the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF). The results are divergent: Measuring the authorships of IETF Internet-Drafts, China’s successful catch-up in international standardization is confirmed, having even outperformed the USA. When it comes to the authorship of the actual standards at IETF, China could not assert its top position. Here, US authors are leading, followed by German participants. The paper discusses different engagement patterns in depth and analyzes the national economic, institutional and political backgrounds that influence them.
Digital transformation and especially the dramatic rise of products and services connected to the Internet of Things raise the questions on how to deal with the increasing risks related to Privacy and Cybersecurity. Presumably, these risks seem to be insufficiently reflected in the European Union’s current regulative system – by being neither part of the traditional definition of a safe product nor part of product-specific vertical or horizontal directives. Certification based on standards as underlying requirements has been identified by policymakers as an instrument to address this issue. The latest European draft regulation aims at increasing security and trust in ICT products and services, and reducing current European market fragmentation with a new Cybersecurity Certification Framework. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stakeholder statements on the current proposal on the Cybersecurity Act, this paper discusses elements of the proposed Cybersecurity Certification Framework. As a theoretical background, this paper provides definitions of the terms Safety, IT-security, and Cybersecurity, presents selected Cybersecurity-related standards and provides an outlook on future challenges to Conformity Assessment in the digital transformation.