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The presentation summarizes the economic research activities at Department S concerning Quality Infrastructure. It introduces the new tool "QI-FoKuS" - an annual company survey in Germany, seeking to provide data on conformity assessment and accreditation in Germany. The first company survey deals with the use and certification of management systems with a special focus on information security and the criteria for the selection of certification bodies.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.
The 2nd benchmarking round of the project “Analysis of the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe” is envisaged for 2019. In contrast to the 1st round, the BAM will conduct this benchmarking solely without the DAkkS as partner. The 2nd round will make use of the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool PMBT, the management tool which was developed for and applied in the 1st round. The PMBT will be optimized in advance based on the suggestions and experiences gathered in the benchmarking conducted in 2016. To discuss this adjustment a preparation meeting was conducted in the course of the EA GA in Rome.
Accreditation is one of the relevant tasks in a modern Quality Infrastructure, as the competence of conformity assessment bodies is assured through accreditation performed by accreditation bodies. To compare the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe and identify best practices a management tool was elaborated and validated by applying it to eight accreditation bodies. The tool made a comparison of the operations of the accreditation bodies possible, despite different sizes, operational processes and organizational forms.
The benchmarking project comprised three stages. In the first stage, the processes of accreditation bodies were systematically analyzed. A process map was developed and processes of special relevance for the performance of accreditation bodies were identified and underpinned by indicators. In the second stage, the processes of the German accreditation body Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (DAkkS) were assigned to the tool. This validation stage was used to check and modify the indicators when necessary. In the third stage, the transferability of the model was analyzed by extension to seven other accreditation bodies operating in Europe. The third stage of the project resulted in a workshop attended by experts from the participating ABs, which was used to discuss the results of the comparison and to identify best practices.
Traditional innovation indicators often lack coverage, granularity as well as timeliness and involve high data collection costs, especially when conducted at a large scale. Based on the assumption that firms publish information about their products and services on their own websites, the Centre for European Economic Research in Mannheim (ZEW) has developed a framework to extract information from German firm websites applying Web Mining using a free-to-use web-scraping tool.
Categorized as an intraorganizational procedural innovation, management system standards often lack research especially during the early stages of their diffusion mainly due to low data availability. Therefore, we introduce Web Mining to study the diffusion of the international management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 in Germany. Using the Mannheim Enterprise panel dataset, we first apply Web Mining to identify firms that refer to these and other common management system standards, followed by manual categorization. Second, we estimate a probit model to identify drivers for its implementation. Finally, we derive recommendations for policy makers.
QI-FoKuS stands for „Quality Infrastructure – Research for Conformity Assessment and Safety“. Supported by the BMWi, a new recurring survey of companies was launched under this name in end-September 2019 in a joint project between the TU Berlin and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). The first company survey deals with the use and certification of management systems with a special focus on information security and the criteria for the selection of certification bodies.
Das Ziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, die Rolle von Konformitätsbewertung für die Erhöhung der Cybersicherheit von Produkten, Dienstleistungen und Prozessen zu betrachten. Dazu wird der Begriff Cybersicherheit beleuchtet sowie ausgewählte Cybersicherheitsnormen kurz vorgestellt. Im Folgenden wird der regulative europäische Rahmen für die Konformitätsbewertung aus ordnungspolitischer Sicht sowie der aktuelle Verordnungsentwurf zum Cybersecurity Act dargestellt und kritsch beleuchtet.
In 2019 the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) conducted a benchmarking to compare the operations of European accreditation bodies and to identify best practices, with the aim of improving key processes in accreditation. Ten European accreditation bodies attended the comparison, four of which had already taken part in the pilot phase of the benchmarking project, which was conducted in 2017 by the German accreditation body Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (DAkkS) and BAM.
The study, designed to examine and compare the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe, used a management tool called Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool, which was especially elaborated and validated for this purpose in the pilot phase, in order to determine the values of indicators, thus enabling a comparison of the accreditation bodies despite different operational processes and organizational forms. The management tool is based on the analysis of selected processes with high relevance for the operation of accreditation bodies. The processes are derived from a process map designed for accreditation bodies in a universally applicable way. The indicators used to characterize the processes come from two sources: The first source relates to data already available from internal databases, reports, financial audits, and others. The second source is derived from the self-evaluation of process maturity performed by the accreditation bodies. The criteria for evaluating process maturities were designed by applying the criteria of the EFQM excellence model 2013 of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) to the processes identified in the process map.
The results of the analysis were presented to and discussed with representatives of the ten accreditation bodies at a Results-Workshop that took place at BAM on 21/22 January 2020.
In the light of digitalization and recent EU policy initiatives, information is an important asset that organizations of all sizes and from all sectors should secure. However, in order to provide common requirements for the implementation of an information security management system, the internationally well-accepted ISO/IEC 27001 standard has not shown the expected growth rate since its publication more than a decade ago.In this article, we apply web mining to explore the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 through a series of 2664 out of more than 900 000 German firms from the Mannheim Enterprise Panel dataset that refers to this standard on their websites. As a result, we present a “landscape” of ISO/IEC 27001 in Germany, which shows that firms not only seek certifications themselves but often refer on their websites to partners who are certified instead. Consequently, we estimate a probit model and find that larger and more innovative firms are more likely to be certified to ISO/IEC 27001 and that almost half of all certified firms belong to the information and communications technology (ICT) service sector. Based on our findings, we derive implications for policymakers and management and critically assess the suitability of web mining to explore the adoption of management system standards.
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) poses multiple challenges to traditional standardization, due to the complexity, dynamics, and accelerating speed of technological progress. The need for a timely availability of standards calls for new approaches and tools to enhance standardization processes for smart manufacturing. Industry and standards development organizations worldwide are seeking new solutions. Testbeds have been acknowledged in innovation policy as a powerful tool for knowledge transfer and the further development of emerging technologies. Lately, they have also attracted increasing attention from the standardization perspective as a promising tool for a more agile standards development process. Proponents of such testbeds expect them to support standardization by providing validated solutions and accelerating the processes to meet the growing demands for faster standardization without any detriment to quality. In an explorative, qualitative approach this article is the first to investigate the operation and impact of testbeds in standardization processes based on a multiple case study on testbeds implemented worldwide in the context of the IIoT.
In the wake of digitalization, organizations are increasingly exposed to risks associated with security breaches and must take measures to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, and to ensure business continuity. The international standard ISO/IEC 27001 assists organizations in setting up, maintaining and continuously improving their information security management systems. However, despite high growth rates, its international diffusion rates are quite heterogeneous. This paper explores why the diffusion of the international management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 differs across countries. We classify the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as a ‘preventive organizational innovation’ and draw from diffusion studies of other management system standards and information security research to develop a set of hypotheses. These relate to the impact of cultural dimensions and national ICT development. We use a negative binomial regression model with panel data covering 57 countries over a 12-year period from 2006 to 2017 to test our hypotheses. We find that the cultural dimensions future orientation, power distance, and institutional collectivism as well as high ICT development are driving factors for the diffusion of ISO/IEC 27001. We derive policy recommendations and avenues for future research.
In the wake of digitalization, organizations are increasingly exposed to risks associated with security breaches and must take measures to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, and to ensure business continuity. The international standard ISO/IEC 27001 assists organizations in setting up, maintaining and continuously improving their information security management systems. However, despite high growth rates, its international diffusion rates are quite heterogeneous. This paper explores why the diffusion of the international management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 differs across countries. We classify the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as a ‘preventive organizational innovation’ and draw from diffusion studies of other management system standards and information security research to develop a set of hypotheses. These relate to the impact of cultural dimensions and national ICT development. We use a negative binomial regression model with panel data covering 57 countries over a 12-year period from 2006 to 2017 to test our hypotheses. We find that the cultural dimensions future orientation, power distance, and institutional collectivism as well as high ICT development are driving factors for the diffusion of ISO/IEC 27001. We derive policy recommendations and avenues for future research.