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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Standardization for the Industrial Internet of Things: Engagement by China, Germany and the USA
(2018)
Standardization is a major challenge for a successful digital transformation of manufacturing. Industry and governments have put this topic on their agenda and stakeholders worldwide are engaged in various Standard Development Organizations, consortia and fora, seeking to shape the standards for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This paper for the first time analyzes how well participants from the USA, China and Germany are actually represented and engaged in standards development for the IIoT. Using quantitative metrics, the study specifically investigates standardization activities for Wireless Sensor Networks at the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF). The results are divergent: Measuring the authorships of IETF Internet-Drafts, China’s successful catch-up in international standardization is confirmed, having even outperformed the USA. When it comes to the authorship of the actual standards at IETF, China could not assert its top position. Here, US authors are leading, followed by German participants. The paper discusses different engagement patterns in depth and analyzes the national economic, institutional and political backgrounds that influence them.
Standardization for the Industrial Internet of Things: Engagement by China, Germany and the USA
(2018)
Standardization is a major challenge for a successful digital transformation of manufacturing. Industry and governments have put this topic on their agenda and stakeholders worldwide are engaged in various Standard Development Organizations, consortia and fora, seeking to shape the standards for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This paper for the first time analyzes how well participants from the USA, China and Germany are actually represented and engaged in standards development for the IIoT. Using quantitative metrics, the study specifically investigates standardization activities for Wireless Sensor Networks at the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF). The results are divergent: Measuring the authorships of IETF Internet-Drafts, China’s successful catch-up in international standardization is confirmed, having even outperformed the USA. When it comes to the authorship of the actual standards at IETF, China could not assert its top position. Here, US authors are leading, followed by German participants. The paper discusses different engagement patterns in depth and analyzes the national economic, institutional and political backgrounds that influence them.
Standardization for the Industrial Internet of Things: Engagement by China, Germany and the USA
(2018)
Standardization is a major challenge for a successful digital transformation of manufacturing. Industry and governments have put this topic on their agenda and stakeholders worldwide are engaged in various Standard Development Organizations, consortia and fora, seeking to shape the standards for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This paper for the first time analyzes how well participants from the USA, China and Germany are actually represented and engaged in standards development for the IIoT. Using quantitative metrics, the study specifically investigates standardization activities for Wireless Sensor Networks at the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF). The results are divergent: Measuring the authorships of IETF Internet-Drafts, China’s successful catch-up in international standardization is confirmed, having even outperformed the USA. When it comes to the authorship of the actual standards at IETF, China could not assert its top position. Here, US authors are leading, followed by German participants. The paper discusses different engagement patterns in depth and analyzes the national economic, institutional and political backgrounds that influence them.
Digital transformation and especially the dramatic rise of products and services connected to the Internet of Things raise the questions on how to deal with the increasing risks related to Privacy and Cybersecurity. Presumably, these risks seem to be insufficiently reflected in the European Union’s current regulative system – by being neither part of the traditional definition of a safe product nor part of product-specific vertical or horizontal directives. Certification based on standards as underlying requirements has been identified by policymakers as an instrument to address this issue. The latest European draft regulation aims at increasing security and trust in ICT products and services, and reducing current European market fragmentation with a new Cybersecurity Certification Framework. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stakeholder statements on the current proposal on the Cybersecurity Act, this paper discusses elements of the proposed Cybersecurity Certification Framework. As a theoretical background, this paper provides definitions of the terms Safety, IT-security, and Cybersecurity, presents selected Cybersecurity-related standards and provides an outlook on future challenges to Conformity Assessment in the digital transformation.
Digital transformation and especially the dramatic rise of products and services connected to the Internet of Things raise the questions on how to deal with the increasing risks related to Privacy and Cybersecurity. Presumably, these risks seem to be insufficiently reflected in the European Union’s current regulative system – by being neither part of the traditional definition of a safe product nor part of product-specific vertical or horizontal directives. Certification based on standards as underlying requirements has been identified by policymakers as an instrument to address this issue. The latest European draft regulation aims at increasing security and trust in ICT products and services, and reducing current European market fragmentation with a new Cybersecurity Certification Framework. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stakeholder statements on the current proposal on the Cybersecurity Act, this paper discusses elements of the proposed Cybersecurity Certification Framework. As a theoretical background, this paper provides definitions of the terms Safety, IT-security, and Cybersecurity, presents selected Cybersecurity-related standards and provides an outlook on future challenges to Conformity Assessment in the digital transformation.
Standardization research is a fairly new and is a still-evolving field of research, with possibly major practical ramifications. This article presents a summary of the authors’ subjective views of the most pressing research topics in the field. These include, among others, standards (e.g. incorporation of ethical issues), the potential impact of standards, the corporate management of standardization and legal issues like Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). In addition, gaps have been identified with a respect to a basic understanding of standardization, suggesting a need for better education in the field.
This study was designed to examine and compare the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe. A management tool, the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool (PMBT), was elaborated and validated by applying it to various accreditation bodies. By applying the tool, the values of indicators were determined, thus enabling a comparison of the accreditation bodies despite different operational processes and organizational forms.
The management tool PMBT is based on the analysis of selected processes with high relevance for the operation of accreditation bodies. The processes are derived from a process map designed for accreditation bodies in a universally applicable way. The indicators used to characterize the processes come from two sources: The first source relates to data already available from internal databases, reports, financial audits etc. The second source is derived from a self-evaluation of process maturity performed by the accreditation bodies. The criteria for evaluating process maturity were designed by applying the criteria of the EFQM excellence model 2013 of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) to the processes identified in the process map.
The project Comparison of the Operation of Accreditation Bodies in Europe comprised three stages. In the first stage, the processes of accreditation bodies were systematically analyzed. A process map was developed and processes of special relevance for the performance of accreditation bodies were identified and underpinned by indicators as described above. In the second stage, the processes of the German accreditation body DAkkS were assigned to the tool. This stage was used to check and modify the indicators when necessary. In the third stage, the transferability of the model was analyzed by extension to seven other accreditation bodies operating in Europe. The third stage of the project ended with a workshop attended by the eight accreditation bodies, which was used to present and discuss the results of the comparison and to identify best practices.
Mit QI-FoKuS / Forschung für Konformitätsbewertung und Sicherheit streben wir auf Basis einer wiederkehrenden Befragung von Unternehmen und Konformitätsbewertungsstellen in Deutschland die Schaffung einer besseren Datengrundlage für die Forschung an. Diese soll es erleichtern, wichtige Zusammenhänge evidenzbasiert zu analysieren, um das systemische Zusammenwirken der Elemente der Qualitätsinfrastruktur besser zu verstehen. Dabei sollen zunächst die Elemente Konformitätsbewertung und Akkreditierung besonders im Vordergrund stehen.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.
The long-term goal of the benchmarking project for European accreditation bodies is twofold: First of all, the project is supposed to help the European accreditation attending bodies to improve their processes by identifying best practices and by learning from others. Possibly Secondly, the results of the analysis can be used by the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) to identify differences in the operation of the European accreditation bodies and based on this knowledge to promote harmonization of accreditation activities in Europe.