Analytische Chemie
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Although aluminium is one of the most common elements in the biosphere, little is known about its impact on human health. Since aluminium derivatives are highly abundant in food its oral uptake route is of toxicological relevance. Recently aluminium-containing nanomaterials are considered to be linked to cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Within the frame of the european SolNanoTOX project, we therefore investigated the toxicological effects of Al-containing species in different intestinal cell lines that represent the first biological barrier for food components prior to systemic distribution.
In our in vitro digestion system, nanomaterials have been exposed to different physiological, chemical and biochemical conditions characteristic for saliva, gastric juice and the intestinal fluid. In vitro toxicity assays and cellular impedance measurements demonstrated the absence of cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles during a period of 48h after incubation. This was also observed after the digestion procedure. In contrast, aluminium ions from high concentrations of AlCl3 showed larger effects on cell viability after the digestion procedure.
In summary, the toxicological potential of aluminium-containing nanoparticles and ions to healthy intestinal cells appears to be low. Artificial digestion of these particles does not increase their toxic potential. Only for high doses of ionic aluminium, an increase of toxicity after artificial digestion was observed. Hence, we suggest that the release of Al ions from nanoparticles may lead to toxicity. Due to these observations, other cellular effects of Al-containing nanomaterials are required to be investigated.