Additive Fertigung
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- Additive manufacturing (27)
- Additive Manufacturing (17)
- Computed tomography (8)
- Thermography (7)
- 316L (6)
- Computed Tomography (6)
- Laser powder bed fusion (6)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (5)
- Microstructure (5)
- Residual stress (5)
- Laser Beam Melting (3)
- Laser beam melting (3)
- Metrology (3)
- PBF-LB/M (3)
- Selective laser melting (3)
- Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (3)
- AM (2)
- AlSi10Mg (2)
- BAMline (2)
- EMN (2)
- Fused Filament Fabrication (2)
- L-PBF (2)
- LMD (2)
- Laser metal deposition (2)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (2)
- MMC (2)
- Metals (2)
- Micropatterning (2)
- Neutron Diffraction (2)
- Neutron diffraction (2)
- Online Process Monitoring (2)
- Polydopamine (2)
- Position detection (2)
- Powder Bed Fusion (2)
- ProMoAM (2)
- Residual Stress (2)
- SLM (2)
- Selected Laser Melting (2)
- Ti-6Al-4V (2)
- Two-photon polymerisation (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- 316L Stainless Steel (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- AFM (1)
- AGIL (1)
- AM IN718 (1)
- Absorption edge tomography (1)
- Acoustic Emission (1)
- Additive surface treatment (1)
- Aditive Manufacturing (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Air Void System (1)
- Al alloy (1)
- AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Bragg-edge (1)
- Build Angle (1)
- CONSENS (1)
- Camera (1)
- Camera calibration (1)
- Crack propagation (1)
- Crystal plasticity (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Cyclic R-curve (1)
- DED-L (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Defect detection (1)
- Deformation-Induced Martensite (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Directional grain growth (1)
- EBSD analysis (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- European Metrology Network (1)
- European Metrology Network for Advanced Manufacturing, Strategic Research Agenda (1)
- Explosives (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Flow Cell (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- GMR (1)
- HV-Insulation (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat treatment (1)
- High Cycle Fatigue (1)
- High Temperature Testing (1)
- High Voltage Insulation (1)
- Hot stamping (1)
- Hybrid build-up (1)
- IN 625 (1)
- IN718 (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ monitoring (1)
- In-situ Monitoring (1)
- In-situ compression CT (1)
- In-situ heat treatment (1)
- In-situ monitoring (1)
- In-situ tomography (1)
- In718 (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer networks (1)
- JNP AdvManuNet (1)
- LBM (1)
- LPBF (1)
- LTCC (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (1)
- Laser implantation (1)
- Lattice structure (1)
- Lightweight structures (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Machine-Learning Segmentation (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- Mechanical Behavior (1)
- Metal organic framework (1)
- Metal powder characterization (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Microstructure analysis (1)
- Multiphoton Lithography (1)
- Multiphoton lithography (1)
- NDT (1)
- Neutron (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical Tomography (1)
- Phase-field simulation (1)
- Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (1)
- Polymer-Ceramic-Composite (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Porosity growth (1)
- Powder (1)
- Process Control (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Radiological inspections (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Residual stress measurements (1)
- Residual stress state (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Round robin (1)
- SRA (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scale-bridging (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Synchrotron CT (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray Refraction (1)
- Synchrotron refraction radiography (1)
- Synchrotron tomography (1)
- Tensile Properties (1)
- Texture (1)
- Thermal Spray (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Tool steel (1)
- Two photon polymerisation (1)
- Virtual experiments (1)
- X-Ray Diffraction (1)
- ZCF (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- high-resolution camera (1)
- hybrid repair (1)
- in-situ (1)
- position detection (1)
- powder bed fusion of metals utilizing a laser beam (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (44)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (35)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (24)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (15)
- 9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren (11)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (9)
- 8.3 Thermografische Verfahren (7)
- 6 Materialchemie (6)
- 9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten (6)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (5)
Non-equilibrium microstructure evolution in additive manufacturing (AM) is a major barrier for establishing a safe and sustainable application of AM in industrial processes. The constant heat source in the AM continuously affects the just-solidified grains beneath the melting pool, leading to directional grain growth (DGG). While real-time measurements of the non-equilibrium microstructure evolution is challenging, here developing a computational framework to systematically explore DGG becomes imperative.
We have advanced a comprehensive approach, integrating mean-field modeling and phase-field simulations, to elucidate the dynamics of DGG under an external driving force. Our simulations unveil a steady-state power-law grain growth kinetics during DGG, characterized by the interplay between curvature-driven dynamics at grain boundary junctions and directional driving forces.
Hybrid additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important in the field of additive manufacturing. Hybrid approaches combine at least two different manufacturing processes. The focus of this work is the build-up of geometries onto conventionally manufactured parts using laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M). The hybrid build-up requires a precise position detection system inside the PBF-LB/M machines to determine the exact position of the existing component. For this purpose, high-resolution camera systems can be utilized. However, the use of a camera system is associated with several challenges. The captured images are subject to various distortions of the optical path. Due to these distortions, it is not possible to use the images for measurements and, therefore, it is not possible to calculate the positions of objects. In this study a homography matrix is calculated to correct keystone distortion in the images. Different calibration patterns have been tested for the calculation of the homography matrix. The influence of the number of calibration points on the precision of position detection of objects is determined. Furthermore, the influence of an additional camera calibration by using ChArUco boards is evaluated. The result is a camera calibration workflow with associated calibration pattern for a precise position detection of parts inside PBF-LB/M machines allowing a hybrid build-up with minimum physical offset between base component and build-up.
Guaranteeing safety and security of citizens requires a significant effort and innovative tools from national and international agencies and governments, especially when it comes to the field of explosives detection. The need to detect Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and Home-made Explosives (HMEs) at a point of suspicion, has grown rapidly due to the ease with which the precursors can be obtained and the reagents synthesised. The limited availability of immunoanalytical tools for HME detection presents an opportunity for the development of new devices, which enable a rapid detection and recognise the target analyte with high specificity and sensitivity. In this work, we introduce an optical biosensor for highly specific and sensitive HME detection. The immunoassay system is placed in a hydrogel environment permeable to the analyte and transparent to light interrogating the fluorescently labelled antibodies. The readout of the immunoanalytical system is realized with Supercritical Angle Fluorescence (SAF), an advanced microscopy technique. To accomplish this, we made use of recent, commercial high resolution (< 22 µm) Liquid Crystal Display 3D printers to fabricate a parabolic optical element with high refractive index (RI>1.5) and transmission values (>90%) from photo-resin. Aiming at a new generation of sensors, which not only can meet the requirements of trace detection, but can also be used for substance identification, the combination of immunoanalytical recognition with SAF detection offers a modularity and versatility that is principally well suitable for the measurements of target analytes at trace levels.
This study provides insights into the properties of 316L stainless steel produced by additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF). One key finding is particularly noteworthy: in significant contrast to cold-rolled 316L, FFF316L develops a pronounced martensite phase after fabrication. The comprehensive comparative analysis shows that FFF316L not only retains the ferrite volume content, but that this is also significantly influenced by the build-up direction. Despite the sintering process, which typically involves densification of the material, a pore volume fraction of 8.45 % remains, which influences the mechanical properties. Although FFF316L has lower elastic
modulus and tensile strength values compared to cold-rolled 316L, its ductility is still competitive. The study further reveals that deformation-induced martensite forms at the intersections of the deformation twins and ferrite islands form at the grain boundaries during the compression and sintering phases. These findings highlight the challenges associated with FFF316L in specific application fields and signal the need to continue to carefully evaluate and improve the development of manufacturing technologies.
For a deep process understanding of the laser powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M), recording of the occurring surface temperatures is of utmost interest and would help to pave the way for reliable process monitoring and quality assurance. A notable number of approaches for in-process monitoring of the PBF-LB/M process focus on the monitoring of thermal process signatures. However, due to the elaborate calibration effort and the lack of knowledge about the occurring spectral directional emissivity, only a few approaches attempt to measure real temperatures. In this study, to gain initial insights into occurring in the PBF-LB/M process, measurements on PBF-LB/M specimens and metal powder specimens were performed for higher temperatures up to T = 1290 °C by means of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) of the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAE, Wuerzburg, Germany). Also, measurements at ambient temperatures were performed with a suitable measurement setup. Two different materials—stainless steel 316L and aluminum AlSi10Mg—were examined. The investigated wavelength λ ranges from the visible range (λ-VIS = 0.40–0.75 µm) up to the infrared, λ = 20 µm. The influence of the following factors were investigated: azimuth angle φ, specimen temperature TS, surface texture as for PBF-LB/M surfaces with different scan angles α, and powder surfaces with different layer thicknesses t.
Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging microfabrication technique, shows great potential in a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering to soft micro-robotics. Fabricated micro-objects often are expected to undergo shape morphing or bending. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning becomes detrimental for the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, we present novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating networks (IPNs), which effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy thermoset systems. A library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. MPL laser velocity and fabrication power can be used to tune the morphology and therefore properties of IPN. New IPN microstructures with materials Young's moduli of 4 to 6 MPa demonstrate susceptibility to deformation with high to fully elastic response. Such soft elastic materials hold immense promise within morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics and cell engineering applications.
Fully automated and decentralized fused filament fabrication of ceramics for remote applications
(2024)
Manufacturing of ceramic components in remote (i.e., geographically isolated) settings poses significant challenges where access to conventional manufacturing facilities is limited or non-existent. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables the rapid manufacturing of ceramic components with complex geometries. Parts formed by FFF require subsequent debinding and sintering to reach full density. Debinding and sintering are typically executed in separate steps with different equipment, necessitating extensive human handling which hinders process automation and may be challenging for the operator in isolated environments. This poster presents an innovative approach: the integration of all process steps into a single, fully automated system, streamlining the process and minimizing human involvement. Our system combines a dual extrusion filament printer with a porous and heat-resistant ceramic print bed. The porous print bed enables mechanical interlocking of the first printed layers, ensuring adhesion and structural integrity during FFF. Ceramic parts are printed onto thin sacrificial rafts, which are built using an interface material with the same binder as the ceramic filament. After the print is completed, the heat-resistant print bed with all parts is transferred seamlessly with a carrier system into a high-temperature furnace for debinding and sintering. During sintering the sacrificial raft is disintegrated, allowing for unconstrained sintering of the ceramic parts and easy removal of the finished parts. In conclusion, our integrated approach enables significant advancements in the fabrication of complex ceramic components in remote environments with increased efficiency and minimal human handling.
Zirconium chloro fluoride as catalyst for C-F bond activation and HF transfer of fluoroalkanes
(2024)
In this work1, we have successfully synthesised amorphous zirconium chloro fluoride (ZCF), which exhibits medium lewis acidity. In addition to investigating the local coordination sphere around the Zr atoms and the material properties, we were able to establish a catalytic behavior of ZCF in C-F bond activation reactions. We present the first heterogeneous catalyst that performs dehydrofluorination of a fluoroalkane and consecutive hydrofluorination of an alkyne at room temperature.
Currently, mandatory requirements and recommendations for the detection of irregularities in laser beam welded joints are based on classic micrographs as set out in the standard ISO 13919-1:2019. Compared to classic micrographs, computed tomography enables a non-destructive, three-dimensional and material-independent mode of operation, which delivers much more profound results. Even in building material testing, methods with limited informative value can be checked and supplemented by CT examinations.
The European Commission has identified Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Materials as two of six Key Enabling Technologies (KETs). By fully utilizing these KETs, advanced and sustainable economies will be created. It is considered that Metrology is a key enabler for the advancement of these KETs. EURAMET, the association of metrology institutes in Europe, has strengthened the role of Metrology for these KETs by enabling the creation of a European Metrology Network for Advanced Manufacturing. The EMN is made up of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) from across Europe and was formally established in October 2021. The EMN aims to provide a high-level coordination of European metrology activities for the Advanced Materials and Advanced Manufacturing community.
The EMN itself is organized in three sections representing the major stages of the manufacturing chain: 1) Advanced Materials, 2) Smart Manufacturing Systems, and 3) Manufactured Components & Products. The EMN for Advanced Manufacturing is engaging with stakeholders in the field of Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Materials (Large companies & SMEs, industry organisations, existing networks, and academia), as well as the wider metrology community (including TCs) to provide input for the preparation of a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) for Metrology for Advanced Manufacturing.
This presentation will describe the progress in the development of the SRA by the EMN for Advanced Manufacturing. The metrology challenges identified across the various key industrial sectors, which utilise Advanced Materials and Advanced Manufacturing will be presented.
The EMN for Advanced Manufacturing is supported by the project JNP 19NET01 AdvManuNet.