Nano
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (346)
- Vortrag (321)
- Posterpräsentation (92)
- Forschungsdatensatz (50)
- Sonstiges (23)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (16)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (10)
- Forschungsbericht (9)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (6)
Sprache
- Englisch (844)
- Deutsch (52)
- Spanisch (2)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Nanoparticles (121)
- Nano (68)
- SAXS (64)
- XPS (60)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (59)
- Fluorescence (50)
- Quantum yield (49)
- Electron microscopy (47)
- Nanoparticle (46)
- X-ray scattering (45)
- SEM (40)
- Nanomaterial (39)
- Quality assurance (37)
- Lifetime (34)
- VAMAS (34)
- HAXPES (33)
- Dye (32)
- Particle size distribution (30)
- Nanomaterials (27)
- Particle (27)
- Lanthanide (26)
- Photophysics (25)
- Sensor (25)
- MOUSE (24)
- Surface functionalization (24)
- Photoluminescence (22)
- Synthesis (22)
- Graphene (21)
- Standardisation (21)
- Simulation (20)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (20)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (20)
- AFM (19)
- NIR (19)
- Reference material (19)
- Method (18)
- Boehmite (17)
- Nanocomposites (17)
- Quantum dots (17)
- Traceability (17)
- Geant4 (16)
- Laser processing (16)
- NanoSolveIT (16)
- Nanocomposite (16)
- Reference materials (16)
- Thin films (16)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (16)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (15)
- Interlaboratory comparison (15)
- Sample preparation (15)
- Microdosimetry (14)
- Surface chemistry (14)
- Upconversion (14)
- Applications (13)
- Dosimetry (13)
- Femtosecond laser (13)
- Geant4-DNA (13)
- MCS (13)
- Metrology (13)
- OECD (13)
- Quantum dot (13)
- SWIR (13)
- Scattering (13)
- DNA (12)
- EDS (12)
- Ellipsometry (12)
- Optical spectroscopy (12)
- Polymer (12)
- Conductivity (11)
- EBSD (11)
- Imaging (11)
- Luminescence (11)
- Nanostructures (11)
- Particle size (11)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (11)
- Size (11)
- Brightness (10)
- Energy transfer (10)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (10)
- Functionalized graphene (10)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (10)
- LEE (10)
- Mechanism (10)
- Radiation damage (10)
- Small angle scattering (10)
- Standardization (10)
- TiO2 (10)
- Atomic force microscopy (9)
- AuNP (9)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (9)
- Epoxy (9)
- Friction (9)
- Gold (9)
- Methodology (9)
- Microstructures (9)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (9)
- Quantification (9)
- Radioactive decay (9)
- Surface (9)
- Wear (9)
- Energy deposit (8)
- Nanoconfinement (8)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (8)
- Protein (8)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (8)
- Silica (8)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (8)
- Additive manufacturing (7)
- Automation (7)
- Cancer treatment (7)
- Coating (7)
- DNA damage (7)
- Excitation power density (7)
- Flash DSC (7)
- Ionic Liquid crystals (7)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (7)
- Nanoplastics (7)
- Nanostructure (7)
- Radiationtherapy (7)
- Reference data (7)
- Shape (7)
- Single particle (7)
- Spectroscopy (7)
- Surface analysis (7)
- TEM (7)
- TOPAS (7)
- ToF-SIMS (7)
- Advanced Materials (6)
- Advanced materials (6)
- Assay (6)
- Beta decay (6)
- Brachytherapy (6)
- FIB (6)
- Flow cytometry (6)
- G5P (6)
- Glass (6)
- Gold Nanoparticles (6)
- Indium phosphide (6)
- Lab automation (6)
- Laser ablation (6)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (6)
- Ligand (6)
- Low energy electrons (6)
- Multiplexing (6)
- NP (6)
- Nano powder (6)
- Nanoplastic (6)
- Particle scattering simulations (6)
- Prüfrichtlinie (6)
- Radiation therapy (6)
- Radiolysis (6)
- Reproducibility (6)
- Small-angle scattering (6)
- TOPAS-nbio (6)
- Temperature (6)
- Titania nanoparticles (6)
- VSSA (6)
- Adsorbed Layer (5)
- Analysis (5)
- Application (5)
- Bacteria (5)
- Biofilm (5)
- Calibration (5)
- Carbon nanotubes (5)
- Cell (5)
- Characterization (5)
- Core-shell (5)
- Data analysis (5)
- Dynamics (5)
- EPMA (5)
- Ectoine (5)
- Elastomers (5)
- Elemental composition (5)
- Environment (5)
- ISO/TC 202 (5)
- LLG (5)
- Measurement uncertainty (5)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (5)
- Micromagnetism (5)
- Microscopy (5)
- Multiphoton lithography (5)
- Nanocrystal (5)
- Nanosafety (5)
- Nanotechnology (5)
- OH radical (5)
- OOMMF (5)
- Oxidation (5)
- Particle scattering (5)
- Polycarbonate (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Rubber (5)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (5)
- SiO2 (5)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (5)
- Software (5)
- Surfaces (5)
- Topas (5)
- Uncertainty (5)
- X-ray (5)
- XRD (5)
- nPSize (5)
- 3D (4)
- Advanced manufacturing (4)
- BDS (4)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Barcoding (4)
- Bead (4)
- Bending modulus (4)
- Bio-SAXS (4)
- Calcium sulfate (4)
- Cancer (4)
- Capillary waves (4)
- Catalysis (4)
- Certification (4)
- Clustered nanoparticles (4)
- Corrosion (4)
- Cosolute (4)
- Crystallization (4)
- DLS (4)
- Data (4)
- Data stewardship (4)
- Diffraction (4)
- Direct laser writing (4)
- EC4SafeNano (4)
- Ectoin (4)
- Encoding (4)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (4)
- Exchange interaction (4)
- Fast Scanning Calorimetry (4)
- Ferromagnetism (4)
- GVP (4)
- Glass transition (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (4)
- ISO/TC 229 (4)
- Image analysis (4)
- Image segmentation (4)
- InP (4)
- Instrumentation (4)
- Introduction (4)
- Ionic liquid (4)
- Ionizing radiation damage (4)
- Iron oxide (4)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (4)
- Knowledge Readiness Level (4)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (4)
- Life sciences (4)
- Livermore model (4)
- Magnetic moment (4)
- McSAS3 (4)
- Microbeam Analysis (4)
- Microbeam analysis (4)
- Microstructure (4)
- Modelling (4)
- NEXAFS (4)
- Nano@BAM (4)
- NanoDefine (4)
- Nanoelectronics (4)
- Nanofibers (4)
- Nanomaterial classification (4)
- Nanoparticle concentration (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- Non-destructive operando analysis (4)
- Nucleation (4)
- OH radical scavenger (4)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (4)
- Orientation (4)
- PDF (4)
- Penelope model (4)
- Polymers (4)
- Protein unfolding (4)
- Radiotherapy (4)
- Reference product (4)
- Regulation (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- Size distribution (4)
- Standard (4)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (4)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) (4)
- Synchrotron (4)
- TMDSC (4)
- Thickness (4)
- Titanium dioxide (4)
- Transmission electron microscopy (4)
- Two-photon polymerization (4)
- Ultrashort laser processing (4)
- particle scattering (4)
- ssDNA (4)
- 2D materials (3)
- AIS (3)
- Aggregation (3)
- Aging (3)
- Analytical sciences (3)
- Antibacterial (3)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (3)
- Automated synthesis (3)
- BAM reference data (3)
- BioSAXS (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Bioimaging (3)
- CLS (3)
- Cement (3)
- Ceria (3)
- Contact resonance (3)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (3)
- Correlative analysis (3)
- Correlative imaging (3)
- Cycloalyphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (3)
- Cytotoxicity (3)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (3)
- Electrochemistry (3)
- Electromagnetic scattering (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (3)
- European Centre (3)
- European Metrology Network (EMN) (3)
- Extracellular vesicles (EV) (3)
- FTIR (3)
- Femtosecond laser processing (3)
- Framework (3)
- Free electron laser (3)
- General Materials Science (3)
- Gold nanocluster (3)
- Graphene oxide (3)
- Growth Kinetics (3)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
- Hybrid metrology (3)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (3)
- Interphase (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Limit of detection (3)
- Linearity (3)
- Lubricants (3)
- MOF (3)
- Machine Learning (3)
- Machine learning (3)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- Mechanical properties (3)
- Method comparison (3)
- Method development (3)
- Microprinting (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Monte Carlo (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- Nano particle (3)
- Nano-powder (3)
- Nanomaterialien (3)
- Nanostructure quantification (3)
- OH Radical (3)
- OH radicals (3)
- Optical assay (3)
- Optical assays (3)
- Particle Synthesis (3)
- Photocatalysis (3)
- Polyglycerol (3)
- Porous materials (3)
- Probe (3)
- Processing (3)
- Protein G (3)
- Proteins (3)
- Python (3)
- Quantitative NMR (3)
- ROS (3)
- Radical Scavenger (3)
- Ratiometric sensors (3)
- Resonance frequency (3)
- Rigidity (3)
- Round robin (3)
- SAXS/WAXS (3)
- SEM/EDS (3)
- SOP (3)
- Safe-by-Design (3)
- Scattering pattern analysis (3)
- Semiconductor (3)
- Sensing (3)
- Sensors (3)
- Shell (3)
- Small-angle xray scattering (3)
- Stability (3)
- Standards (3)
- Surface chemical analysis (3)
- Surface group analysis (3)
- Surface group quantification (3)
- Surface modification (3)
- Test guideline (3)
- Thin Films (3)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (3)
- Time-resolved scattering (3)
- Topas-MC (3)
- Topas-nBio (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (3)
- Tribology (3)
- Ultrafast laser processing (3)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (3)
- Upconversion nanocrystal (3)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (3)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (3)
- beta particle (3)
- nanoparticle (3)
- pH probe (3)
- pH sensing (3)
- 100Cr6 (2)
- 150th anniversary (2)
- 2D Materials (2)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D Fourier Transform (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- ABC (2)
- ACEnano (2)
- APTES (2)
- Absolute fluorescence (2)
- Achsschenkel (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Advanced Manufacturing (2)
- Advanced nanomaterials (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Agglomerates (2)
- Aktivkohle (2)
- Amorphous silica particles (2)
- Amplification (2)
- Amyloid (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Antibody coating (2)
- Au (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automatisation (2)
- BAM (2)
- BET (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Behavior and Systematics (2)
- Beta particle (2)
- Bio-based concrete (2)
- Bioconjugation (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Bruchmechanische Auslegung (2)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (2)
- Bundesoberbehörden (2)
- CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies (2)
- Case studies (2)
- Catalysts (2)
- Cathodoluminescence (2)
- CeO2 (2)
- Cell studies (2)
- Ceramics and Composites (2)
- Characterisation (2)
- Chemical admixtures (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Cleavable probe (2)
- Cluster (2)
- Coatings (2)
- Collection (2)
- Complex (2)
- Composites (2)
- Concentration (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Conductometry (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Correlative Imaging (2)
- Cr(III) (2)
- Cribellate spiders (2)
- Crosslinker (2)
- DNA radiation damage (2)
- Data conversion (2)
- Data curation (2)
- Data fitting (2)
- Data organization (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Desintegracion radioactiva (2)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (2)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- Diopside (2)
- Direct damage (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Direct laser-interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Dispersion process (2)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (2)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (2)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- EDX (2)
- EMN (2)
- EMPIR (2)
- EMPIR 18HLT01 MetVesII (2)
- ESCA (2)
- EU FP7 project NanoValid (2)
- Ecology (2)
- Ectrocatalysis (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electrolysis (2)
- Electron Microscopy (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Engineered Nanomaterials (2)
- Enhancement strategy (2)
- European Metrology Networks (EMNs) (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Excitation (2)
- FAIR (2)
- FFT (2)
- FLIM (2)
- Fail-safe (2)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (2)
- Fe3O4 (2)
- FeNi (2)
- FeNi-Oxide NPs (2)
- Film thickness (2)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (2)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Flow cytometry (FCM) (2)
- Fluorescence standard (2)
- Fluorescent particles (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- Force distance curve (2)
- Fourier Transform (2)
- Fourier transforms (2)
- Functionalization (2)
- Funtional Groups (2)
- Gallium doping (2)
- Gene five protein (2)
- Glue (2)
- Graphene oxide flakes (2)
- Graphene powder (2)
- Graphene related 2D materials (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- HDF5 (2)
- Halloysite nanotubes (2)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Herceptin (2)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (2)
- High resolution (2)
- Holistic experimental procedures (2)
- Holistic science (2)
- Homogeneity (2)
- Hydrated DNA (2)
- Hydrated electron (2)
- Hydration (2)
- Hydration shell (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydroxyectoine (2)
- Hydroxyl radical (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- ISO (2)
- IgG (2)
- Immunoassays (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Immunoprecipitation (2)
- Immunosensor (2)
- In-situ (2)
- Indirect damage (2)
- Industrial applications (2)
- Instrument calibration (2)
- Interfaces (2)
- Interlaboratory Comparisons (2)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Ionisation (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Jahrestag (2)
- Kerbschlagarbeit (2)
- Kikuchi (2)
- Korrelation (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Laboratory management (2)
- Latex (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (2)
- Ligands (2)
- Lubrication (2)
- Material sciences (2)
- Measurement data conversion (2)
- Metal cluster (2)
- Metal organic framework (2)
- Metals and Alloys (2)
- Method validation (2)
- Micro- and nanoplastics (2)
- Microanalysis (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Micropatterning (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Monitoring (2)
- Multi photon lithography (2)
- Multilayer graphene (2)
- Multiphoton Lithography (2)
- Método de Montecarlo (2)
- NMR (2)
- NXsas (2)
- Nano- and microsensors (2)
- Nano-safety (2)
- Nanocarrier (2)
- Nanocharacterisation (2)
- Nanofasern (2)
- Nanoindentation (2)
- Nanomechanics (2)
- Nanometrology (2)
- Nanopulver (2)
- Nanorisk (2)
- Nanosensor (2)
- Nanostructure investigation (2)
- Natural rubber (2)
- NeXus (2)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (2)
- Net-ionization reaction (2)
- Neural networks (2)
- Neutron (2)
- Neutron scattering (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Non-spherical shape (2)
- OECD TG 124 (2)
- OER (2)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (2)
- Optical Spectroscopy (2)
- Optical probe (2)
- Oriented immobilization (2)
- Osmolyte (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- PAG (2)
- PDT (2)
- PEG (2)
- Particle number concentration (2)
- Particle scattering simulation (2)
- Particle size and shape distribution (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particle surface analysis (2)
- Particle synthesis (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptide Library (2)
- Performance validation (2)
- Permethrin (2)
- Perovskite (2)
- Photocuring (2)
- Photonic crystal (2)
- Photoresist (2)
- Plant Science (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Polydopamine (2)
- Polymer blends (2)
- Polymer nanocomposites (2)
- Polymer particle (2)
- Polymer-based nanocomposites (2)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (2)
- Polypropylene (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Power density (2)
- Prehydrated electron (2)
- Presolvated electron (2)
- Protein A (2)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (2)
- Pump-probe experiments (2)
- Quantitative Analysis (2)
- Quantum yields (2)
- Quasi-direct damage (2)
- Radical (2)
- Radical scavenger (2)
- Radioactive nanoparticle (2)
- Raman (2)
- Ratio refinement (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Reference Material (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Rheology (2)
- Robotics (2)
- Rosin (2)
- Round Robin (2)
- SANS (2)
- SBA-15 (2)
- SIMS (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Safety (2)
- Saxs (2)
- Scanning electron microscopy (2)
- Scicat (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Sensor molecules (2)
- SiGe (2)
- Silane (2)
- Silica and Polystyrene Particles (2)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (2)
- Silica nanoparticles (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Silver nanoparticle (2)
- Single particle spectroscopy (2)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (2)
- Special issue (2)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (2)
- Stakeholder (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Starch (2)
- Starch nanoparticle (2)
- Steel (2)
- Structure-property relationship (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Surface Analysis (2)
- Surface Group Analysis (2)
- Surface charge (2)
- Surface morphology (2)
- Surface oxidation (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Synchrotron radiation (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- TED-GC/MS (2)
- TGA (2)
- TKD (2)
- Temeprature scaling (2)
- Temperature scaling (2)
- Thermoanalytik (2)
- Thermoplastics (2)
- Thin polymer films (2)
- TiAl64V (2)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (2)
- Titania (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Titration (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (2)
- Transparency (2)
- Transparent Conductive Oxides (2)
- Two photon polymerisation (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Uncertainties (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Volume specific surface area (2)
- WAXS (2)
- White light interference microscopy (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- XANES (2)
- Xray (2)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (2)
- Zeta potential (2)
- Zinc oxide (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- low energy electrons (2)
- nanoparticula (2)
- pH (2)
- 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) steel (1)
- 18HLT01 MetVes II (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D flakes (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 2D nanoparticle (1)
- 3D FFT (1)
- 3D etching (1)
- 3D printed hydrogel (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3d structuring (1)
- 60-230V (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ADA-GEL (1)
- AEROSIL® OX50 (1)
- AFM based test methods (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AFM-IR (1)
- AFM-Kraft-Abstand-Kurven (1)
- AI tool (1)
- AIS QD (1)
- ASAXS (1)
- ATH (1)
- ATZ (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Absolute measurement (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Active Matter (1)
- Actuating materials (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Advanced optics (1)
- Ag (1)
- Ag2S (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Aggregation induced emission (1)
- Al-Composite (1)
- Al-based alloy (1)
- Al2O3 thin films (1)
- AlOOH (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alloy 36 (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloy (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Analyses (1)
- Analysis approach (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (1)
- Anatase (1)
- Aneurism (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic delivery (1)
- Antibiotic release (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial titanium coating (1)
- Antioxydant (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arbitrary shapes (1)
- Argon gas cluster ion sputtering (1)
- Aromatische Aminosäureanalytik (1)
- Article concentration (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial digestion (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Atomic force microscope (1)
- Atomic fraction (1)
- Au Nanoparticles (1)
- Au nanodisks (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Au-nanocubes (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Automated Image Analysis (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated assay (1)
- Autonomous Materials Discovery (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- BADGER film (1)
- BAM Academy (1)
- BCA (1)
- BMU (1)
- BNP (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BSA (1)
- BTS (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- BadgerFilm (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bead-based assays (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bessel-Strahlen (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Bimodal (1)
- Bimodal size distribution (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-orthogonal chemistry (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biofunctional Molecules (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimetic surfaces (1)
- Bionic materials (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensing (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Boehmite alumina (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Boronic acid (1)
- Boronic acid-functionalized 2D MoS2 (1)
- Bradford-Assay (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Brownsche Molekularbewegung (1)
- Building and Construction (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- Böhmit (1)
- C++ (1)
- C-F bond activation (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CE-ICP-MS (1)
- CEN (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CRP (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration structure (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon Nanomembranes (1)
- Carbon black (1)
- Carbon dot (1)
- Carbon fibers (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Catalogue of Services (CoS) (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Catalyst (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catch and release assay (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Causes leading to scientific misconduct (1)
- CdS (1)
- CdTe quantum dots (1)
- Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 (1)
- CeO2 nanoparticles (1)
- CeO2/Co3O4 (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellulose acetate (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Ceramic matrix composites (1)
- Ceramic microprinting (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Certified reference materials (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Ceruloplasmin (1)
- Cetrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS (1)
- Channel access (1)
- Characterization method (1)
- Charge (1)
- Charge transfer (1)
- Chemical analyses (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemometric analysis (1)
- Chromium (III) complexes (1)
- Civil and Structural Engineering (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleavable linker (1)
- Cleavable probes (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Cmake (1)
- Co (1)
- Co0.75Fe2.25O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co1.5Fe1.5O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co2.25Fe0.75O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co3O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coatings and Films (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Coherent exchange (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Color (1)
- Color tuning (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Command line (1)
- Command-line interface (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Comparability of Measurement Results (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complementary methods (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined catalyst (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Copper (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (CSNP) (1)
- Core-shell particles (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core/shell materials (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core/shell quantum dot (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Correlative Spectroscopy (1)
- Corrosion rate (1)
- Coulomb explosion (1)
- Covalend functionalization (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Covalent interactions (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Critical strain (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Curing (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- DFT (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DMAS (1)
- DMSO (1)
- DNA-Binding protein (1)
- DPA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSC (1)
- DTAB (1)
- Damage (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data Management (1)
- Data analysis round robin (1)
- Data catalog (1)
- Data corrections (1)
- Data correlation (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data manipulation (1)
- Data pipelines (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data provenance (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Data stewartship (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datasets (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Debian (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller-Faktor (1)
- Decay kinetics (1)
- Defect Analysis (1)
- Defect photoluminescence (1)
- Definition (1)
- Definition of nanomaterial (1)
- Degradation signatures (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Demonstration (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Density (1)
- Depth profiling (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Diagnostic antibodies (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital laboratory (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Dimensional mismatch of crystalline lattice periods (misfit) (1)
- Diopsid (1)
- Direct Laser Writing (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersion of nano materials (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Distribution of nanoparticles (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Doping (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Dual sensing (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dyad molecules (1)
- Dye labeling (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Dynamic behavior (1)
- Dynamic heterogeneity (1)
- Dynamische Lichtstreuung (1)
- Dünne Schichten (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EDS-TM002 (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EMPIR nPSize (1)
- EMPIR project (1)
- EPICS (1)
- EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis) (1)
- EU (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastomer (1)
- Electric Safety Interlock (1)
- Electrical Paramters (1)
- Electrical Properties (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical properties (1)
- Electrical thin layers (1)
- Electrocatalytic Water Splitting (1)
- Electrochemical Degradation (1)
- Electrochemical Titration (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical sensing (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electromagnetic radiation (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (1)
- Electron density map (1)
- Electron probe microanallysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron spectroscopy (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electrospun fibers (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Ellipsometric porosimetry (1)
- Ellipsometrie (1)
- Emission enhancement (1)
- Encapsulation (1)
- Energiedissipation im Kontakt (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Engineered nanomaterials (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Epoxi nanocomposites (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Epoxy-Anhydrid Duroplast (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Metrology Network (1)
- European Metrology Network for Advanced Manufacturing, Strategic Research Agenda (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Exfoliation (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Extracellualr vesicles (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni (1)
- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi thin film (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferrihydrite (1)
- Ferumoxytol (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Field sensor (1)
- Filled rubbers (1)
- Filled thermosets and plastics (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (FDTD) (1)
- Fire Retardant (1)
- Fityk (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Flammability (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Fluorescence intensity ratio (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluorescence quantum yield (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent glasses (1)
- Fluorescent indicator (1)
- Fluorescent label (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Focused Ion Beam (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Force distance curves (1)
- Force-distance curves (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Form factor (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Free electron laser (FEL) (1)
- Freeze casting (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Frozen state photopolymerization (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional fatigue (1)
- Functional group analysis (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionalized Nanomaterials (1)
- Functionalized nano- and microparticles (1)
- Functionalized nanographene (1)
- Functionalized silica and polymeric particles (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas separation membranes (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gastrointestinal barrier (1)
- Gated hybrid material (1)
- Gel (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Geology (1)
- Git (1)
- Glass Ceramic (1)
- Glass ceramic (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (1)
- Gold Nanoparticle (1)
- Gold nanoclusters (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Granulometrie (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene funcionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalization (1)
- Graphene related materials (1)
- Graphene related two-dimensional materials (GR2M) (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphs (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Grenzfläche als Material (1)
- Größe (1)
- Größenbestimmung (1)
- Gypsum' SAXS (1)
- HEA (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heat-resistant nickel alloys (1)
- Hematite (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical porosities (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High Resolution (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- High-throughput measurements (1)
- History (1)
- Holistic experiment approaches (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogeneous deposition (1)
- Human antibodies (1)
- Human factor (1)
- Human influence (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogen Generation (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrothermal synthesis (1)
- Hygiene (1)
- Hyperbranched (1)
- Hyperspectral imaging (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- ILC (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- ISO 21363 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO/TC 201 (1)
- ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis (1)
- ISO/TC229 (1)
- ISOGScope (1)
- Identification (1)
- ImAFM (1)
- Image Segmentation (1)
- Image manipulation (1)
- Images (1)
- Imaging Ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging surface chemical analysis (1)
- Imaging techniques (1)
- Immobilisierung (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (1)
- Immunpräzipitation (1)
- Implant material (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (1)
- In situ synthesis (1)
- In vivo imaging (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- Indenter area function (1)
- Indium Tin Oxide (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inelastic neutron scattering (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Infrastructure (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrument automation (1)
- Instrument compliance (1)
- Instrument control (1)
- Instrumentation utilization (1)
- Inter-laborator comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparisons (1)
- Intercomparability (1)
- Interlaboratory Comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory comparisons (1)
- Interlabority comparison (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer networks (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion beam erosion Sectioning (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Irreversible adsorption (1)
- JNP (1)
- JNP AdvManuNet (1)
- K+ doped (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- LET (1)
- LEVASIL 50/50 (1)
- LL equation (1)
- Label (1)
- Laboratory automation (1)
- Laboratory methodology (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Lanthanide(III) (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Large number of participants (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser light scattering (1)
- Laser nanostructuring (1)
- Laser technology (1)
- Laser writing (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced amorphization (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächen-Nanostrukturen (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächenstrukturen (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lateral flow assay (1)
- Lateral flow test (1)
- Layer Materials (1)
- Layer system (1)
- Layered manganese oxide (1)
- Lead-free (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Lifetime analysis (1)
- Ligand exchange (1)
- Ligand quantification (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Linux (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Llifetime (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Low Reynolds number swimmers (1)
- Low-loading (1)
- Lubricant additives (1)
- Luminescence lifetime measurments (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminescent materials (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MIC (1)
- MPI (1)
- MPLS (1)
- MRT (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magic-sized cluster (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic beads (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticle (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Magnetic swimmers (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magnetron Sputtering (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material-binding Peptides (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Design (1)
- Materials and Processes Data Reusability (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matter reorganization (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- Me-TiO2 (1)
- Measurement methodology (1)
- Measurement science (1)
- Mechanical testing (1)
- Median lethal energy deposit (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Mesocrystal (1)
- Mesoporous (1)
- Mesoporous Materials (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Meta material (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metadata collection (1)
- Metadata structuring (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal fluorides (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-semiconductor (1)
- Metal–organic framework (1)
- Metasurface (1)
- Methos comparision (1)
- Metrics (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro- and Nanoplastics (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticle (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microplastic reference materials (1)
- Microstructure evolution (1)
- Microtribology (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Mie resonances (1)
- Mikrostrukturen (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Mobility (1)
- Molecular mobility (1)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monte carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Morpho-chemical characterization (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Motor controller (1)
- Multi-photon light structuring (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multi-scale (1)
- Multi-scale measurements (1)
- Multicolored (1)
- Multifunctional nanoparticles (1)
- Multiphoton laser structuring (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Mussel inspired materials (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR-II Imaging (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIRII (1)
- NaCl-Methode (1)
- Nafion 117 (1)
- Naica (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Characterisation (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano material (1)
- Nano screening (1)
- Nano structure (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-characterisation (1)
- Nano-object (1)
- Nano-related data (1)
- Nano-risk assessment (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- NanoValid (1)
- Nanoanalysis (1)
- Nanoanalytics (1)
- Nanobiointerfaces (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocomposite fibers (1)
- Nanocubes (1)
- Nanodiamant (1)
- Nanodielectrics (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanofiller (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanomaterial Properties (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial properties (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanon (1)
- Nanoparticle Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle size distribution (1)
- Nanoparticle size measurement (1)
- Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticular TiO2 (Anatase) (1)
- Nanoplatelet (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanorisk Governance (1)
- Nanosafety services (1)
- Nanoscale (1)
- Nanoscale luminescent reporters (1)
- Nanoscale measurements (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanosensors (1)
- Nanosilica (NS) (1)
- Nanosilver (1)
- Nanostrcutures (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostrukturen (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nanotechnologies (1)
- Nanotoxicity (1)
- Nanotribology (1)
- Nanowear (1)
- Native oxide layer (1)
- Nd excitation (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Network (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neutron Scattering (1)
- Neutron imaging (1)
- Next Generation Sequencing (1)
- Ni (1)
- Ni-Mn-Ga (1)
- Nichtrostender Stahl (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitrene[2+1]cycloaddition (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nnano particle (1)
- Noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Non-thermally coupled levels (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Nonclassical crystallization (1)
- Nonlinear lithography (1)
- Normung (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- OECD TG (1)
- OECD TG 125 (1)
- OH (1)
- OMS (1)
- Oberflächenanalytik (1)
- Oberflächenintegrität (1)
- Oberflächenmesstechnik (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächensteifigkeit (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical Assays (1)
- Optical analysis (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical constants (1)
- Optical detection (1)
- Optical flow (1)
- Optical measurement technology (1)
- Optical measurements (1)
- Optical near field (1)
- Optical probes (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical scattering (1)
- Optical temperature sensing (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Oral uptake (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Origami (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- P25 (1)
- PC characterisation (1)
- PES (1)
- PH (1)
- PH probe (1)
- PVDF-Based membrane (1)
- Paint (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Paper mills (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Participatory Approach (1)
- Particle accretion (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle scatterin simulations (1)
- Particle sensors (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Particle size determination (1)
- Particle transfer (1)
- Particle, imaging (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Partikelgröße (1)
- Partikelgrößenbestimmung (1)
- Partikelkonzentration (1)
- Passivation shell (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peem (1)
- Pelletization (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Performance check (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Ph (1)
- Phage Display (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoluminescence quantum yield (1)
- Photon bunching (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photophysic (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physicochemical characterization (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pitfalls (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasmon enhancement (1)
- Plasmon resonance (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing spectroscopy (1)
- Plastic reference materials (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastikstrategie (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Polarimetry (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polybutadiene/chloroprene (1)
- Polydispersity (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyethylene Glycol (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polymer analysis/characterization (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Polymer-binding Peptides (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Post-modification by L-cysteine (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Powder (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder processing (1)
- Power Electronics (1)
- Power electronics (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Practical aspects (1)
- Pre-standardisation (1)
- Preceramic polymer (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Preparation (1)
- Primer (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Procedure (1)
- Prodrug antibiotic (1)
- Production (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Propolis (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Prürfrichtlinie (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- Pump-probe (1)
- Purification (1)
- Pycnometry (1)
- Pyrethroid (1)
- QNMR (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Qantum yield (1)
- Quality assurcance (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quality infrastructure (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum Yields (1)
- Quantum do (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quarzglas (1)
- RBE (1)
- REACH (1)
- RNA (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation protection (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radioactive NP (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Ratiometric Sensors (1)
- Real time growth control (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Recycling-by-design (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference Nanomaterials (1)
- Reference methods (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference particles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference products (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Reference structure (1)
- Referenzdaten (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regional workshop (1)
- Reibungsreduktion (1)
- Reinforcement (1)
- Release (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Reliabiilty (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Renewable Energy (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Ridis amorphous fraction (1)
- Ripples (1)
- Risk Governance (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- Risstrajektorie (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotic-supported synthesis (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Rreference material (1)
- Röntgenrefraktion (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SDLs (1)
- SKPM (1)
- SMPS (1)
- SRA (1)
- SSB (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (TSEM) (1)
- STL file input (1)
- SWIR photoluminescence (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Saccharide sensing (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safer by design (1)
- Sall-angle scattering (1)
- Sample peparation (1)
- Saphir (1)
- Saponite (1)
- Scannig probe microscope (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe methods (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scanning probe measurements (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scattering pattern (1)
- Scattering pattern simulation (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schmiermittel (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Scientific misconduct (1)
- Screening (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Self-degrading (1)
- Self-driving Labs (1)
- Semantic Interoperability (1)
- Semiconductor materials (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductur (1)
- Sensing; temperature (1)
- Sensitization (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Separation membranes (1)
- Sequential Learning (1)
- Shape-controlled (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shortwave infrared (1)
- Si-Ge (1)
- SiO2 Nanoparticle (1)
- Sialic acid (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silica Nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica particles (1)
- Silica- and Polystyrene Particles (1)
- Silica- and polystyrene particles (1)
- Silicon nanoparticles (1)
- Silver indium sulfide (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Single asperity (1)
- Single asperity contact (1)
- Single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single molecule (1)
- Single particle-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Single-dot spectroscopy (1)
- Single-particle measurements (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size measurement (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Smartphone readout device (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Sol-gel (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid-binding Peptides (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- SpICP-MS (1)
- Speciation analysis (1)
- Specific Surface Area (BET) (1)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- Spin (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Standard Operation Procedures (1)
- Standard operation procedures (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisung (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Standardized check (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Strain measurement (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural characterisation (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Superelasticity (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Surface Activation (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface Analytics (1)
- Surface Chemical Transformation (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Modification (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface engineering (1)
- Surface functional group quantification (1)
- Surface group (1)
- Surface groups (1)
- Surface modified nano- and microparticles (1)
- Surface morphology and chemistry (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Sustainable-by-Design (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swarming (1)
- Switch (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthesis library (1)
- Systems architecture (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TMDCs (1)
- TOPAS-nBio (1)
- TRL (1)
- TSEM (1)
- Tafel Plot (1)
- Tag (1)
- Targeted nanoparticle (1)
- Temparatur modulated Flash DSC (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature modulated DSC (1)
- Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Terminal functional groups (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test artifact (1)
- Test material (1)
- Test structure (1)
- Testguideline (1)
- Theoretical modelling (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapeutic antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal coupling energy level (1)
- Thermal desorption mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermally coupled levels (1)
- Thermogravimetry (1)
- Thermoset composition (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thetaevolve (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thin Layers (1)
- Thin film (1)
- Thin film analysis (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin magnetic films (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Thumor therapy (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 D540 nanoparticles (1)
- TiO2 PVP (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticle (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Time of Flight - Secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved analysis (1)
- Time-resolved coherent scattering (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Titanium oxide (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- Tools (1)
- Tools to combat scientific misconduct (1)
- Topas-nbio (1)
- TopasMC (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Total scattering (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Traceability derivation (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Transition electron microscopy (1)
- Transition metal dichalcogenide (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transparent conductive Oxides (1)
- Transport limitations (1)
- Trastuzumab (1)
- Trends (1)
- Triazine (1)
- Triggered (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (1)
- Tungsten (1)
- Twin orientation relationship (1)
- Two photon polymerization (1)
- Two-Photon Polymerization (1)
- Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon polymerisatio (1)
- Two-photon-polymerization (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Weathering (1)
- UV-curing (1)
- UiO (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Uncertainty budget (1)
- UpConversion (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VRFB (1)
- Validation (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium speciation (1)
- Variable excitation (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Verschleißreduktion (1)
- Video (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Volatiles from thermosets (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Vulcanization (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Waxs (1)
- Wear particles (1)
- Werkstoffe (1)
- Wet dispersion (1)
- White light interferometric microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Wide-bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Wirksumme (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- Workflows (1)
- X-Ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray generation (1)
- X-ray instrumentation (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray microspectroscopy (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray production efficiency (1)
- X-ray spectrometer (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XCT (1)
- XPS spctroscopy (1)
- XRM (1)
- XUV scattering (1)
- Yb(III) complex (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (1)
- Zero wear (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- ZnO (1)
- ZnO nanoparticles (1)
- ZnSe (1)
- ZrO2 nanoparticles (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- abasic side (1)
- aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) (1)
- analytical service (1)
- anion-exchange (1)
- antibody (1)
- attraktive Wechelwirkung (1)
- automation (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacteria detection (1)
- base loss (1)
- bended arrow of time (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioimaging (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- bone (1)
- clustered nanoparticles (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescence standards (1)
- gamma ray (1)
- graphene related 2D materials (1)
- immunoseparation (1)
- instrument utilization (1)
- laboratory automation (1)
- laboratory management (1)
- lifetime (1)
- magnetic nanoparticle (1)
- metadata collection (1)
- method (1)
- nm films (1)
- organic dyes (1)
- particle (1)
- particle size determination (1)
- qNMR (1)
- quality assurcance (1)
- quantum dot (1)
- quantum yield (1)
- radiolysis (1)
- research efficiency (1)
- sample preparation (1)
- screening tes (1)
- shape control (1)
- single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- single particle-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- stl code (1)
- surface group analysis (1)
- synthesis (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- time-temperature equivalent formulation (1)
- time-temperature superposition principle (1)
- total scattering (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- wrapping (1)
- µ-XRF (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (638)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (326)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (177)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (154)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (133)
- 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien (126)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (90)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (61)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (46)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (33)
Paper des Monats
- ja (15)
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity exhibit a combination of high gas permeability and reasonable permselectivity, which makes them attractive candidates for gas separation membrane materials. The diffusional selective gas transport properties are connected to the molecular mobility of these polymers in the condensed state. Incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering was carried out on two polymers of intrinsic microporosity, PIM-EA-TB(CH3) and its demethylated counterpart PIM-EA-TB(H2), which have high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area values of 1030 m2 g-1 and 836 m2 g-1, respectively. As these two polymers only differ in the presence of two methyl groups at the ethanoanthracene unit, the effect of methyl group rotation can be investigated solely. To cover a broad dynamic range, neutron time-of-flight was combined with neutron backscattering. The demethylated PIM-EA-TB(H2) exhibits a relaxation process with a weak intensity at short times. As the backbone is rigid and stiff this process was assigned to bendand-flex fluctuations. This process was also observed for the PIM-EA-TB(CH3). A further relaxation process is found for PIM-EA-TB(CH3), which is the methyl group rotation. It was analyzed by a jump-diffusion in a three-fold potential considering also the fact that only a fraction of the present hydrogens in PIM-EATB(CH3) participate in the methyl group rotation. This analysis can quantitatively describe the q dependence of the elastic incoherent structure factor. Furthermore, a relaxation time for the methyl group rotation can be extracted. A high activation energy of 35 kJ mol-1 was deduced. This high activation energy evidences a strong hindrance of the methyl group rotation in the bridged PIM-EA-TB(CH3) structure.
Society is currently confronted with two global challenges, climate change and sustainable development. This reality reverberates amongst the leading nations of the world and is articulated as a priority by the United Nations through the Framework Convention on Climate Change and its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In 2016, under the Paris Accord, Mission Innovation, MI, emerged as a global response to climate change and developed eight innovation challenges to mitigate its effect, including Clean Energy Materials, IC6. This innovation challenge focused its efforts on accelerating the development and deployment of clean energy materials by more than a factor of ten through Materials Acceleration Platforms, MAPs – autonomous, self-driving materials laboratories and renewed itself under the current mandate as Materials for Energy, M4E.
Self-driving labs deploy artificial intelligence, robotic automation and high-performance simulation and modeling in a closed loop system of material synthesis and characterization. An international ecosystem for accelerated materials discovery has been established and finds applications in many enabling materials technologies, including nanomaterials. The importance of nanomaterials to catalysis for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide conversion as well as energy storage in batteries is well known. In this work, the international efforts under Materials for Energy will be elaborated including the development of MINERVA - MAP for Intelligent Nanomaterial synthesis Enabled by Robotics for Versatile Applications. MINERVA was specifically built to include the specialized equipment required for the synthesis, characterization and closed-loop optimization of various nano- and advanced materials, ranging from simple inorganic (silica, metal, metal oxide) or polymeric nanoparticles to more complex core-shell architectures and materials with well-defined porosity or surface chemistry. Currently, we are investigating materials for applications in antimicrobial and antibiofouling surface coatings, sensor materials, as well as the reproducible synthesis of reference materials with this platform.
Age-hardenable aluminum alloys undergo precise heat treatments to yield nanometer-sized precipitates that increase their strength and durability by hindering the dislocation mobility. Tensile tests provide mechanical properties, while microstructure evaluation relies on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specifically the use of dark-field TEM images for precise dimensional analysis of the precipitates. However, this manual process is time consuming, skill dependent, and prone to errors and reproducibility issues.
Our primary goal is to digitally represent these processes while adhering to FAIR principles. Ontologies play a critical role in facilitating semantic annotation of (meta)data and form the basis for advanced data management. Publishing raw data, digital workflows, and ontologies ensures reproducibility.
This work introduces innovative solutions to traditional bottlenecks and offers new perspectives on digitalization challenges in materials science. We support advanced data management by leveraging knowledge graphs and foster collaborative and open data ecosystems that potentially revolutionize materials research and discovery.
The research carried out at the Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials at IFSC/USP, in Brazil, is focused on the synthesis and structural-property correlation of luminescent materials including rare-earth (RE) doped glasses, ceramics and hybrid host-guest materials. For the past five years, we have been particularly interested in the development of single- and multifunctional nanosystems based on core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) associated with dyes, organometallic complexes and other organic molecules, for biophotonic and sensing applications. In these systems, we take advantage of energy transfer between the UCNPs and the molecules to either supress or enhance luminescent response. Examples include the possibility of bioimaging and photodynamic therapy of bacteria and cancer cells, simultaneous magnetothermia and thermometry, localized O2 sensing, fast detection and quantification of biological markers (e.g. kidney disease) and microorganisms. On what concerns the development of luminescent sensors - a recently started project, our aim is to develop paper-based platforms for point-of-care devices. In this presentation, an overview of our contributions for the past years and our future aims will be presented with several examples.
Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser-processing step) plays an important role for the response of boneforming osteoblasts – an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental- or removable bone-implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multi-method chemical and structural characterizations were performed for two different characteristic micro-spikes covered by nanometric laserinduced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on Ti-6Al-4V upon irradiation with nearinfrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ~1 ps pulse duration, 66 & 80 kHz pulse repetition rate) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interference microscopy (WLIM), near-surface chemical analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), as well as structural material examination via X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results allow to qualify the laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may cause the different cell growth behavior for pre- or post-anodized medical implants.
Quantum dots (QDs) are remarkable semiconductor nanoparticles, whose optical properties are strongly size-dependent. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of crystal growth pathway during synthesis gives an excellent opportunity to a smart design of the QDs luminescence. In this work, we present a new approach for monitoring the formation of QDs in aqueous solution up to 90 °C, through in situ luminescence analysis, using CdTe as a model system. This technique allows a detailed examination of the evolution of their light emission. In contrast to in situ absorbance analysis, the in situ luminescence measurements in reflection geometry are particularly advantageous once they are not hindered by the concentration increase of the colloidal suspension. The synthesized particles were additionally characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, transition electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-based thiols are covalently bound on the surface of QDs and microscopy revealed the formation of CdS. Setting a total of 3 h of reaction time, for instance, the QDs synthesized at 70, 80 and 90 °C exhibit emission maxima centered at 550, 600 and 655 nm. The in situ monitoring approach opens doors for a more precise achievement of the desired emission wavelength of QDs.
Upconverting nanoparticles are essential in modern photonics due to their ability to convert infrared light to visible light. Despite their significance, they exhibit limited brightness, a key drawback that can be addressed by combining them with plasmonic nanoparticles. Plasmon-enhanced upconversion has been widely demonstrated in dry environments, where upconverting nanoparticles are immobilized, but constitutes a challenge in liquid media where Brownian motion competes against immobilization.
This study employs optical tweezers for the three-dimensional manipulation of an individual upconverting nanoparticle, enabling the exploration of plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence in water. Contrary to expectation, experiments reveal a long-range (micrometer scale) and moderate (20%) enhancement in upconversion luminescence due to the plasmonic resonances of gold nanostructures. Comparison between experiments and numerical simulations evidences the key role of Brownian motion. It is demonstrated how the three-dimensional Brownian fluctuations of the upconverting nanoparticle lead to an “average effect” that explains the magnitude and spatial extension of luminescence enhancement.
Surface-modification platforms that are universally applicable are vital for the development of new materials, surfaces, and nanoparticles. Mussel-inspired materials (MIMs) are widely used in various fields because of their strong adhesive properties and post-functionalization reactivity. However, conventional MIM coating techniques have limited deposition selectivity and lack structural control, which has limited their use in microdevices that require full control over deposition. To overcome these limitations, we developed a micropatterning technique for MIMs using multiphoton lithography, which does not require photomasks, stamps, or multistep procedures. This method enables the creation of MIM patterns with micrometer resolution and full design freedom and paves the way for innovative applications of MIMs in various multifunctional systems and microdevices, such as microsensors, MEMS, and microfluidics.
Compound semiconductors (CS) are promising materials for the development of high-power electrical applications. They have low losses, can withstand high temperatures and can operate at very high voltages and currents. This makes them a key technology for the electrification of many high energy applications, especially electromobility and HVDC power lines.
The challenge with CS technology is that most of the process technology has to be developed anew to the high standards required by electronic applications. Today, compound semiconductors can be produced in thin layers on top of substrates fabricated from classical crystal growth processes that are already well established. A promising method for this is metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). With this method, many different compounds with semiconducting properties can be synthesized. Additionally, this process technology is a direct thin layer deposition method. Therefore, complex multilayer systems can be generated directly by the deposition process and without the need of doping after growing.
There are a number of critical defects that can originate from the deposition process of these thin film devices. Within this project, we intend to develop new correlative imaging and analysis techniques to determine defect types, to quantify defect size and number density, as well as to characterise defects for process optimisation.
We report here on the use of spectroscopic ellipsometry and imaging ellipsometry to investigate defects in several different compound semiconductor materials used in high-power electronic devices. The materials we investigated are β-Ga2O3, SiC, GaN, AlN, and AlGaN materials as well as oxidised SiC surfaces. All of these materials have their typical defects and require optimised measurement and analysis schemes for reliable detection and analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a highly sensitive method for determining the thicknesses and dielectric function of thin layers, yielding potentially a high number of microscopic properties. The combined method between ellipsometry and optical microscopy is called imaging ellipsometry and is especially powerful for the large amount of data it produces. We have analysed defects in SiC- and AlN-based thin film semiconductors as well as characterised the properties of different types of SiO2 layers created on top of SiC monocrystals. We developed ellipsometric models for the data analysis of the different semiconductor materials.
If the defects have geometric features, it is useful to combine the ellipsometric analysis with topometry method like interference microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. We have successfully characterised function-critical defects in MOVPE SiC layers and correlated the findings with topography from WLIM measurements. We have developed an imaging ellipsometric measurement methodology that allows to estimate the relative defect area on a surface by a statistical raw data analysis.
Compound semiconductors (CS) are promising materials for the development of high-power electrical applications. They have low losses, can withstand high temperatures and can operate at very high voltages and currents. This makes them a key technology for the electrification of many high energy applications, especially electromobility and HVDC power lines.
The challenge is that most of the process technology has to be developed specifically and tailored to the high standards required by electronic applications. Today, many different CS materials can be produced in thin layers on top of substrates fabricated from classical crystal growth processes that are already well established. A promising method for this is metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). This technology is a direct thin layer deposition method capable of producing complex multilayer systems directly from one deposition process without the need of doping after growing.
There are a number of critical defects that can originate from the deposition process when targeting electronic thin film devices. Within this project, we intend to develop new correlative imaging and analysis techniques to determine defect types, to quantify defect size and density, as well as to characterise defects for further process optimisation.
We report here on the use of spectroscopic and multispectral imaging ellipsometry to investigate defects in several different compound semiconductor materials used in high-power electronic devices. The materials we investigated are β-Ga2O3, SiC, GaN, AlN, and AlGaN as well as oxidised SiC. All of these materials have their typical defects and require optimised measurement and analysis schemes for reliable detection and analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a highly sensitive method for determining the thicknesses and dielectric function of thin layers, yielding potentially a high number of microscopic properties. The combined method between ellipsometry and optical microscopy is known as imaging ellipsometry and is especially powerful for the large amount of data it produces. We have analysed defects in SiC- and AlN-based thin film semiconductors as well as characterised the properties of different types of SiO2 layers created on top of SiC monocrystals. We developed ellipsometric models for the data analysis of the different semiconductor materials.
If the defects have geometric features, it is useful to combine the ellipsometric analysis with topometry methods like interference microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. We have successfully characterised function-critical defects in MOVPE SiC layers and correlated the findings with topography from WLIM measurements. We have developed an imaging ellipsometric measurement methodology that allows to estimate the relative defect area on a surface by a statistical raw data analysis.
Ellipsometry as optical metrology method for analysis of reference materials for nanoelectronics
(2024)
Electrical properties of materials at the nanoscale can be characterized using scanning microwave microscopes (SMM) and conductive atomic force microscopes (C AFM). However, the measurement results are difficult to compare since different setups and different reference standards are used. The development of new “out-of-lab” reference standards can contribute to the traceability and reliability of these scanning probe microscopy methods (SPM) and facilitate their broader industrial application.
In this study, we discuss the capability of optical methods such as ellipsometry for the characterization of existing and the development of new reference calibration samples for scanning microwave microscopy. Ellipsometry is a fast and non-destructive method, which enables very accurate determination of the layer thickness and the dielectric functions of the materials. Imaging ellipsometry is suitable for spatially resolved measurements when analyzing thin layers in microstructured samples.
We show how the electrical resistivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) layers in newly designed resistive calibration samples can be obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometric measurements. The extension of the measurement range into the mid-infrared region was necessary when analyzing ITO layers with low conductivity. This parameter was obtained by fitting a Drude function describing the absorption of the free carriers. The impact of the coating process conditions on the layer properties is discussed.
Imaging ellipsometry was applied for the characterisation of thin ITO and SiO2 layers in microstructured resistive and capacitance calibration kits. The uncertainties of determined layer thicknesses were specified according to standardized practice guides used in ellipsometry. We show how statistical fingerprint analysis of the measured ellipsometric transfer quantities can be used to validate the quality of potential reference materials for nano-electronics and to monitor the processing of structured samples.
The DACHS (Database for Automation, Characterization and Holistic Synthesis) project aims to create completely traceable experimental data, covering syntheses, measurements, analyses, and interpretations. DACHS_MOFs focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of metal-organic frameworks, across multiple, automation-assisted experimental series (AutoMOFs), with the overall goal of producing reproducible MOF samples through tracking of the synthesis parameters.
DACHS_MOFs is simultaneously used to test the DACHS principles.
This upload contain synthesis data from AutoMOFs_1 in HDF5 format (.h5). Each .h5 file contains detailed information on the chemical, experimenal, and synthesis parameters used during the synthesis of a single AutoMOF sample.
Luminophore stained micro- and nanobeads made from organic polymers like polystyrene (PS) are broadly used in the life and material sciences as luminescent reporters, for bead-based assays, sensor arrays, printable barcodes, security inks, and the calibration of fluorescence microscopes and flow cytometers. Initially mostly prepared with organic dyes, meanwhile luminescent core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) like spherical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are increasingly employed for bead encoding. This is related to their narrower emission spectra, tuneability of emission color, broad wavelength excitability, and better photostability. However, correlations between particle architecture, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) of the luminescent nanocrystals used for encoding and the optical properties of the NP-stained beads have been rarely explored. This encouraged us to perform a screening study on the incorporation of different types of luminescent core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals into polymer microparticles (PMPs) by a radical-induced polymerization reaction. Nanocrystals explored include CdSe/CdS QDs of varying CdS shell thickness, a CdSe/ZnS core/shell QD, CdSe/CdS quantum rods (QRs), and CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs).
Thereby, we focused on the applicability of these NPs for the polymerization synthesis approach used and quantified the preservation of the initial NP luminescence. The spectroscopic characterization of the resulting PMPs revealed the successful staining of the PMPs with luminescent CdSe/CdS QDs and CdSe/CdS NPLs. In contrast, usage of CdSe/CdS QRs and CdSe QDs with a ZnS shell did not yield luminescent PMPs. The results of this study provide new insights into structure–property relationships between NP stained PMPs and the initial luminescent NPs applied for staining and underline the importance of such studies for the performance optimization of NP-stained beads.
Fluorescent labels have strongly contributed to many advancements in bioanalysis, molecular biology, molecular imaging, and medical diagnostics. Despite a large toolbox of molecular and nanoscale fluorophores to choose from, there is still a need for brighter labels, e.g., for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, that are preferably of molecular nature. This requires versatile concepts for fluorophore multimerization, which involves the shielding of dyes from other chromophores and possible quenchers in their neighborhood. In addition, to increase the number of readout parameters for fluorescence microscopy and eventually also flow cytometry, control and tuning of the labels’ fluorescence lifetimes is desired. Searching for bright multi-chromophoric or multimeric labels, we developed PEGylated dyes bearing functional groups for their bioconjugation and explored their spectroscopic properties and photostability in comparison to those of the respective monomeric dyes for two exemplarily chosen fluorophores excitable at 488 nm. Subsequently, these dyes were conjugated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 immunoglobulins to obtain fluorescent conjugates suitable for the labeling of cells and beads. Finally, the suitability of these novel labels for fluorescence lifetime imaging and target discrimination based upon lifetime measurements was assessed. Based upon the results of our spectroscopic studies including measurements of fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and fluorescence decay kinetics we could demonstrate the absence of significant dye-dye interactions and self-quenching in these multimeric labels. Moreover, in a first fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) study, we could show the future potential of this multimerization concept for lifetime discrimination and multiplexing.
Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants.
Morphological and chemical analysis of mesoporous mixed IrOx-TiOy thin films as electrode materials
(2024)
Porous films play an important role particularly in energy applications like photovoltaics, electrolysis or batteries. Thin film properties such as thickness, chemical composition, crystallinity of the framework, and porosity define the activity of the porous films. The accurate morpho-chemical characterisation of mesoporous thin films is a challenging analytical task which requires the consideration of new analytical approaches based on the combination of data of different methods able to address the structure and chemical composition at the nanoscale. In this contribution we characterise thin mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxide film properties by Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) at an SEM applied in a dedicated “thin film analysis” approach (1). Thus, the film mass deposition, film thickness and the film density can be determined. Further, by dividing the measured film density to an assumed (theoretical) metal oxide framework (skeletal) density, the thin film porosity can be extracted, too.
In order to assess the homogeneity of the thin film properties like the chemical composition, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Auger Electron Spectrometry are applied in the depth profiling mode, so that possible in-depth gradients are detected. Lateral inhomogeneities in the chemical composition and structure of the thin mesoporous films are also identified by applying the same methods in the line-scan or mapping mode, which can be further combined with in-depth sputtering for 3D information. The role of the spatial resolution of the analytical methods considered, which can go down well below 100 nm, will be highlighted.
Traceable morphological and chemical characterization of nanomaterials with respect to the various possible sizes, size distributions, shapes, and concentrations of real-world nanoparticles (NPs) is a challenging task. Particularly for the nonspherical, non-monodisperse nanoparticles – as typically for most of the commercial particles, including their strong tendency to agglomerate, there is a lack of standard operation procedures providing accurate nanoparticle characterisation.
In the framework of the pre-standardisation framework of VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards, www.vamas.org) two interlaboratory comparison (ILC) studies are being carried out under the Technical Working Area (TWA) 34 “Nanoparticle Populations”:i) Project #15 addresses the analysis of the size and shape distribution of TiO2 bipyramidal NPs by traceable imaging methods such as TEM, SEM, STEM-in-SEM, AFM as well as with SAXS as an ensemble method. This ILC is thought as the next level development of the case studies exemplified in the published ISO standards ISO 21363 and ISO 19749. It was agreed to complete the first ILC with the NPs already prepared according to the same procedure on a TEM grid, and, at a later stage, to carry out second ILCs with the same NPs distributed to the participants as liquid suspensions together with protocols for the uniform NP deposition on suited substrates - as developed and optimized within the European project nPSize. Once having good deposition protocols available, the door for automated image analysis gets opened. Corresponding image analysis protocols and reporting templates have been distributed to the ILC participants, too.
ii) Project #16: two spherical SiO2 NP samples with bi-modal size distributions in two nominal relative number concentrations were prepared and distributed also as liquid suspensions accompanied by sample preparation, measurement, and image analysis protocols and reporting templates. Here, the NP concentration is the primary parameter to be measured. For the imaging methods it is targeted to
measure the relative nanoparticle concentrations (relative populations of the two modes).
The results of all the participating laboratories, in both ILCs, compiled in comparative representations will be shown and discussed for the first time. The reduction of the measurement uncertainties associated to the size, shape and number-concentration results induced by the significant improvement of the sample preparation on substrates (as single particles with a high-density coverage), combined with welldefined image analysis procedures will be highlighted.
Amphiphilic nanogels (ANGs) are promising carriers for hydrophobic cargos such as drugs, dyes, and catalysts.
Loading content and release kinetics of these compounds are controlled by type and number of hydrophobic groups in the amphiphilic copolymer network. Thus, understanding the interactions between cargo and colloidal carrier is mandatory for a tailor-made and cargo-specific ANG design. To systematically explore the influence of the network composition on these interactions, we prepared a set of ANGs of different amphiphilicity and loaded these ANGs with varying concentrations of the solvatochromic dye Nile Red (NR). Here, NR acts as a hydrophobic model cargo to optically probe the polarity of its microenvironment. Analysis of the NR emission spectra as well as measurements of the fluorescence quantum yields and decay kinetics revealed a decrease in the polarity of the NR microenvironment with increasing hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic groups in the ANG network and dye–dye interactions at higher loading concentrations. At low NR concentrations, the hydrophobic cargo NR is encapsulated in the hydrophobic domains. Increasing NR concentrations resulted in probe molecules located in a more hydrophilic environment, i.e., at the nanodomain border, and favored dye–dye interactions and NR aggregation.
These results correlate well with release experiments, indicating first NR release from more hydrophilic network locations. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance to understand carrier–drug interactions for efficient loading and controlled release profiles in amphiphilic nanogels.
Abstract. In power electronics, compound semiconductors with large bandgaps, like silicon carbide (SiC), are increasingly being used as material instead of silicon. They have a lot of advantages over silicon but are also intolerant of nanoscale material defects, so that a defect inspection with high accuracy is needed. The different defect types on SiC samples are measured with various measurement methods, including optical and tactile methods. The defect types investigated include carrots, particles, polytype inclusions and threading dislocations, and they are analysed with imaging ellipsometry, coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS), white light interference microscopy (WLIM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These different measurement methods are used to investigate which method is most sensitive for which type of defect to be able to use the measurement methods more effectively. It is important to be able to identify the defects to classify them as critical or non-critical for the functionality of the end product. Once these investigations have been completed, the measurement systems can be optimally distributed to the relevant defects in further work to realize a hybrid analysis of the defects. In addition to the identification and classification of defects, such a future hybrid analysis could also include characterizations, e.g. further evaluation of ellipsometric data by using numerical simulations.
This contributions shows the first results of the ongoing interlaboratory comparisons under VAMAS/TWA 34 Nanoparticle populations related on the determination of pasrticle size distribution and relative concentration of nanoparticles and an example of an ILC running under VAMAS/TWA 41 Graphene and Related 2D Materials on the determination of the lateral diemsnions of graphene oxide flakes by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The link to related standardisation projects at ISO/TC Nanotechnologies are explained.
Advanced materials, such as nanomaterials, 2D materials, or thin films, play a crucial role in driving economic development and addressing major challenges in the coming years. These challenges include mitigating the impact of climate change, advancing lightweight engineering, enhancing catalysis, and improving medical applications.
To comprehend the performance of these materials and ensure their acceptance across various sectors as safe and sustainable for both humans and the environment, the availability of reference procedures, materials, and data is essential. One versatile tool for establishing such references and evaluating the proficiency of individual laboratories and their competencies is through (international) interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). Notably, initiatives like the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) provide a platform for conducting ILCs.
This webinar will showcase various examples of interlaboratory comparisons, illustrating their impact on the development of reference products.
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a very versatile analytical technique allowing for the characterization of material structure. Historically, diffraction images (Kikuchi patterns) registered during EBSD analysis were solved using Hough/Radon transformation. The last decade brought several novel techniques of experimental pattern analysis, focusing entirely on image analysis routines such as pattern matching, or various variants of High-Resolution EBSD. However, all the above-mentioned techniques require prior knowledge of the material structure to perform orientation analysis. The recently presented algorithm employed in Crystallographic Analysis of Lattice Metric (CALM) software, effectively removes this limitation enabling a standard-less analytical approach in EBSD systems. At its core, the CALM technique couples accurate detection of the Kikuchi bands position, with a rigid construction of reciprocal lattice resulting from translational crystal symmetry. A unique characteristic of the methodology also gives an opportunity for application in the analysis of continuous lattice changes, for example tetragonality mapping. During mapping, however, the geometry of the gnomonic projection (represented by the projection center) is continuously altered decreasing overall algorithm efficiency. The work presents an analysis of the projection center in terms of precision and accuracy.
A thousand times thinner than a human hair, nanoparticles (NPs) are finding applications in a range of modern products. However, as some can affect human health or the environment, knowing the types present is essential. Electron microscopy is the ‘gold standard’ for NP analysis, allowing identification based on manual size analysis, but a new method was required to analyse these particles quickly, accurately and in a consistent way.
Scattering luminescent materials dispersed in liquid and solid matrices and luminescent powders are increasingly relevant for fundamental research and industry. Examples are luminescent nano- and microparticles and phosphors of different compositions in various matrices or incorporated into ceramics with applications in energy conversion, solid-state lighting, medical diagnostics, and security barcoding. The key parameter to characterize the performance of these materials is the photoluminescence/fluorescence quantum yield (Φf), i.e., the number of emitted photons per number of absorbed photons. To identify and quantify the sources of uncertainty of absolute measurements of Φf of scattering samples, the first interlaboratory comparison (ILC) of three laboratories from academia and industry was performed by following identical measurement protocols. Thereby, two types ofcommercial stand-alone integrating sphere setups with different illumination and detection geometries were utilized for measuring the Φf of transparent and scattering dye solutions and solid phosphors, namely, YAG:Ce optoceramics of varying surface roughness, used as converter materials for blue light emitting diodes. Special emphasis was dedicated to the influence of the measurement geometry, the optical properties of the blank utilized to determine the number of photons of the incident excitation light absorbed by the sample, and the sample-specific surface roughness. While the Φf values of the liquid samples matched between instruments, Φf measurements of the optoceramics with different blanks revealed substantial differences. The ILC results underline the importance of the measurement geometry, sample position, and blank for reliable Φf data of scattering the YAG:Ce optoceramics, with the blank’s optical properties accounting for uncertainties exceeding 20%.
Discotic ionic liquid crystals (DILCs) consist of self-assembled superdiscs of cations and anions that spontaneously stack in linear columns with high one-dimensional ionic and electronic charge mobility, making them prominent model systems for functional soft matter. Compared to classical nonionic discotic liquid crystals, many liquid crystalline structures with a combination of electronic and ionic conductivity have been reported, which are of interest for separation membranes, artificial ion/proton conducting membranes, and optoelectronics. Unfortunately, a homogeneous alignment of the DILCs on the macroscale is often not achievable, which significantly limits the applicability of DILCs. Infiltration into nanoporous solid scaffolds can, in principle, overcome this drawback. However, due to the experimental challenges to scrutinize liquid crystalline order in extreme spatial confinement, little is known about the structures of DILCs in nanopores. Here, we present temperaturedependent high-resolution optical birefringence measurement and 3D reciprocal space mapping based on synchrotron X-ray scattering to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of dopamine-based ionic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical channels of 180 nm diameter in macroscopic anodic aluminum oxide membranes. As a function of the membranes’ hydrophilicity and thus the molecular anchoring to the pore walls (edge-on or face-on) and the variation of the hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance between the aromatic cores and the alkyl side chain motifs of the superdiscs by tailored chemical synthesis, we find a particularly rich phase behavior, which is not present in the bulk state. It is governed by a complex interplay of liquid crystalline elastic energies (bending and splay deformations), polar interactions, and pure geometric confinement and includes textural transitions between radial and axial alignment of the columns with respect to the long nanochannel axis. Furthermore, confinement-induced continuous order formation is observed in contrast to discontinuous first-order phase transitions, which can be quantitatively described by Landau-de Gennes free energy models for liquid crystalline order transitions in confinement. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of DILCs into nanoporous solids allows tailoring their nanoscale texture and ion channel formation and thus their electrical and optical functionalities over an even wider range than in the bulk state in a homogeneous manner on the centimeter scale as controlled by the monolithic nanoporous scaffolds.
The characterization of really unknown phases typically uses 70 to 150 reflectors for lattice metric calculation. The determination of the lattice parameters follows with 4% accuracy. Including a Z correction up to 1% can be reached. The precision of the lattice parameters ratios (a:b:c) is, however, better than 0.1%.
Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging microfabrication technique, shows great potential in a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering to soft micro-robotics. Fabricated micro-objects often are expected to undergo shape morphing or bending. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning becomes detrimental for the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, we present novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating networks (IPNs), which effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy thermoset systems. A library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. MPL laser velocity and fabrication power can be used to tune the morphology and therefore properties of IPN. New IPN microstructures with materials Young's moduli of 4 to 6 MPa demonstrate susceptibility to deformation with high to fully elastic response. Such soft elastic materials hold immense promise within morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics and cell engineering applications.
Microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNP) are spread all over the world in various types, shapes and sizes making it very challenging to accurately analyse them. Each sampling procedure, sample preparation method and detection technique needs suitable reference materials to validate the method for accurate results. Furthermore, the effects of these MNPs should be evaluated by risk and hazard assessment with test particles close to reality. To better understand MNP behavior and aid in clarification of their interactions with organisms, we produced several MNP materials by top-down procedure and characterized their properties. Since surface properties mostly determine particles’ toxicity, the aim of the present study was to determine which functional groups are present on MNPs and how the surface can be affected by the production process and particle’s environment.
Functional fatigue of shape-memory alloys is a considerable threat to the reliable service of actuation devices. Here, we demonstrate the essentially degradation-free cyclic phase-transformation behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga microcrystals up to one million stress-driven superelastic cycles. Cyclic dissipation amounts to about 1/5 of the bulk counterpart and remains unaffected during cycling, even after the introduction of dislocation structures via plastic straining. Plastic yielding and the transformation stress largely exceed the known bulk values. However, the transformation-stress is found to depend on plastic pre-straining, which suggests that the size-affected transformation stress is sensitive to the initial defect structure and that it can be tuned by a targeted introduction of dislocations. These findings demonstrate the high suitability of Ni-Mn-Ga as a robust shape-memory alloy in small-scale functional device engineering.
Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging truly 3D microfabrication technique, exhibits substantial potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Fabricated micro-objects are often expected to undergo shape morphing or bending of the entire structure or its parts. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning is detrimental to the realization of the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are presented that effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy systems. IPNs with varying component ratios are investigated for their microfabrication performance and structural integrity with respect to thermal and micromechanical properties. A variety of high-resolution techniques is applied to comprehensively evaluate IPN properties at the bulk, micron, and segmental levels. This study shows that the MPL laser scanning velocity and power, photoinitiator content, and multi-step exposure can be used to tune the morphology and properties of the IPN. As a result, a library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. New IPN microstructures with Young’s moduli of 3–4 MPa demonstrate high-to-fully elastic responses to deformations, making them promising for applications in morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics, and cell engineering.
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with different charge densities were prepared and investigated by a combination of different complementary techniques sensitive to the structure and molecular dynamics of the system. The morphology of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The latter measurements were quantitatively analyzed yielding to molecular parameters in dependence of the charge density like the diameter of the fibrils, the distance between the fibrils, and the dimension of bundles of nanofibrils, including pores. The influence of water on the properties and the charge density is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The TGA measurements reveal two mass loss processes. The one at lower temperatures was related to the loss of water, and the second process at higher temperatures was related to the chemical decomposition. The resulting char yield could be correlated to the distance between the microfibrils. The DSC investigation for hydrated CNFs revealed three glass transitions due to the cellulose segments surrounded by water molecules in different states. In the second heating scan, only one broad glass transition is observed. The dielectric spectra reveal two relaxation processes. At low temperatures or higher frequencies, the β-relaxation is observed, which is assigned to localized fluctuation of the glycosidic linkage. At higher temperatures and lower frequencies, the α-relaxation takes places. This relaxation is due to cooperative fluctuations in the cellulose segments. Both processes were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained parameters such as the relaxation rates were related to both the morphological data, the charge density, and the content of water for the first time.
In this work we instigated the fragmentation of Au microparticles supported on a thin amorphous carbon film by irradiating them with a gradually convergent electron beam inside the Transmission Electron Microscope. This phenomenon has been generically labeled as “electron beam-induced fragmentation” or EBIF and its physical origin remains contested. On the one hand, EBIF has been primarily characterized as a consequence of beam-induced heating. On the other, EBIF has been attributed to beam-induced charging eventually leading to Coulomb explosion. To test the feasibility of the charging framework for EBIF, we instigated the fragmentation of Au particles under two different experimental conditions. First, with the magnetic objective lens of the microscope operating at full capacity, i.e. background magnetic field B = 2 T, and with the magnetic objective lens switched off (Lorenz mode), i.e. B = 0 T. We observe that the presence or absence of the magnetic field noticeably affects the critical current density at which EBIF occurs. This strongly suggests that magnetic field effects play a crucial role in instigating EBIF on the microparticles. The dependence of the value of the critical current density on the absence or presence of an ambient magnetic field cannot be accounted for by the beam-induced heating model. Consequently, this work presents robust experimental evidence suggesting that Coulomb explosion driven by electrostatic charging is the root cause of EBIF.
Impact of organic phosphates on the structure and composition of short-range ordered iron nanophases
(2024)
Organic phosphates (OP) are important nutrient components for living cells in natural environments, where they readily interact with ubiquitous iron phases such as hydrous ferric oxide, ferrihydrite (FHY). FHY partakes in many key bio(geo)chemical reactions including iron-mediated carbon storage in soils, or iron-storage in living organisms. However, it is still unknown how OP affects the formation, structure and properties of FHY. Here, we document how β-glycerophosphate (GP), a model OP ligand, affects the structure and properties of GP–FHY nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation at variable nominal molar P/Fe ratios (0.01 to 0.5). All GP–FHY precipitates were characterized by a maximum solid P/Fe ratio of 0.22, irrespective of the nominal P/Fe ratio. With increasing nominal P/Fe ratio, the specific surface area of the GP–FHY precipitates decreased sharply from 290 to 3 m2 g−1, accompanied by the collapse of their pore structure. The Fe–P local bonding environment gradually transitioned from a bidentate binuclear geometry at low P/Fe ratios to monodentate mononuclear geometry at high P/Fe ratios. This transition was accompanied by a decrease in coordination number of edge-sharing Fe polyhedra, and the loss of the corner-sharing Fe polyhedra. We show that Fe(III) polymerization is impeded by GP, and that the GP–FHY structure is highly dependent on the P/Fe ratio. We discuss the role that natural OP-bearing Fe(III) nanophases have in biogeochemical reactions between Fe–P and C species in aquatic systems.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) enable a large variety of different surface functionalizations for applications in the fields of optics, fluidics, tribology, or medicine. Moreover, high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) provide an appealing and straightforward way for the generation of surface nanostructures featuring spatial periods even below 100 nm – far beyond the optical diffraction limit. However, the imposed surface functionalities are usually caused by both, topographic and chemical surface alterations. For exploring these effects in detail, multi-method characterization was performed here for HSFL processed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ~1 ps pulse duration, 1 – 400 kHz pulse repetition rate) under different scan processing conditions. The subsequent sample characterization involved morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), stylus profilometry (SP), as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and depth-profiling time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results allow to qualify the laser ablation depth, the geometrical HSFL characteristics and provide detailed insights into the depth extent and the nature of the ps-laser-induced near-surface oxidation arising from the laser-processing in ambient air and into the relevance of heat-accumulation effects at high pulse repetition rates. Moreover, the direct comparison of the HAXPES and XPS data reveals the role of surface-covering organic contaminants adsorbed from the ambient atmosphere without ion-sputter depth profiling. Furthermore, reduction of the oxides by sputtering can be avoided.
Advances in ultrafast laser manufacturing: nanostructures, thin films, and scaling perspectives
(2024)
Advanced ultrafast laser technology is a rapidly growing field that currently enables many new industrial and scientific applications. During the last decades, this has been significantly driven by the availability of high-repetition-rate laser sources and novel beam delivery concepts. At the laser side, Moore’s law equally manifests for ultrafast laser technologies, since the average output power of such lasers doubles approximately every two years. This development is mainly driven by the increase of the pulse repetition rates of energetic laser pulses, currently enforcing the development of smart beam control and novel scanning strategies for preventing heat-accumulation and plasma-shielding effects during laser-based materials processing. This keynote presentation addresses the advantages, recent developments, and perspectives of laser processing with ultrashort laser pulses. A special focus is laid on the tailored structuring of thin films as well as the manufacturing and probing of sub-diffraction surface nanostructures – an ongoing race to extreme scales. Current limitations are identified and an outlook to future scaling perspectives will be provided.
This contribution reports the development of a polymerizable BODIPY-type fluorescent probe targeting small-molecule carboxylates for incorporation into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The design of the probe crosslinker includes a urea recognition site p-conjugated to the 3-position of the BODIPY core and two methacrylate moieties. Titration experiments with a carboxylate-expressing antibiotic, levofloxacin (LEVO), showed a blue shift of the absorption band as well as a broadening and decrease in emission, attributed to hydrogen bonding between the probe’s urea group and the carboxylate group of the antibiotic. Using this probe crosslinker, core–shell particles with a silica core and a thin MIP shell were prepared for the detection of LEVO. The MIP exhibited highly selective recognition of LEVO, with an imprinting factor of 18.1 compared to the non-imprinted polymer. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the core–shell structure and spectroscopic studies revealed that the receptor’s positioning leads to a unique perturbation of the polymethinic character of the BODIPY chromophore, entailing the favourable responses. These features are fully preserved in the MIP, whereas no such response was observed for competitors such as ampicillin. The sensory particles allowed to detect LEVO down to submicromolar concentrations in dioxane. We have developed here for the first time a BODIPY probe for organic carboxylates and incorporated it into polymers using the imprinting technique, paving the way for BODIPY-type fluorescent MIP sensors.
The presentation demonstrates an application of multi-scale optical imaging methods such as spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and white light interference microscopy for the investigation of wide-bandgap semiconductors for power electronics. The capabilities of these methods for the development of new reference calibration samples for scanning microwave microscopes (SMM) and conductive atomic force microscopes (C AFM) are discussed.
Interactions between a polymer and a substrate interface play a vital role in understanding the improvement in thin film material properties as well as serving as a model for nanocomposites. For any non-repulsive polymer-substrate interactions, polymer segments form an irreversibly adsorbed layer and show a slowdown in the glassy dynamics and thus an increase in the thermal glass transition temperature compared to the bulk-like values. The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer showed a deviation for both poly (bisphenol-A carbonate) (PBAC) and polysulfone (PSU), two bulky polymers containing a functional group (phenyl ring) in the backbone, compared to conventional polymers previously studied like poly-2-vinyl pyridine (P2VP). This deviation was attributed to the bulkiness of the phenyl rings. . Further investigations into the influence of the adsorbed layer on glassy dynamics were conducted. The molecular mobility and glass transition for thin films of PBAC and PSU were compared to bulk samples of each polymer. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry were primarily used and additionally supported by sum frequency generation spectroscopy.
This is a set of use examples for the HDF5Translator framework. This framework lets you translate measurement files into a different (e.g. NeXus-compatible) structure, with some optional checks and conversions on the way. For an in-depth look at what it does, there is a blog post here.
The use examples provided herein are each accompanied by the measurement data necessary to test and replicate the conversion. The README.md files in each example show the steps necessary to do the conversion for each.
We encourage those who have used or adapted one or more of these exampes to create their own conversion, to get in touch with us so we may add your example to the set.
A corrosion study is performed on six variations of titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) samples. Samples are prepared in different conditions by variation of preanodization, postanodization, and picosecond-laser (ps-laser) surface treatment, while polished and anodized samples serve as reference. Microcones and nanosized periodic surface features are successfully produced on Ti6Al4V samples. The morphology and topography of the structures are visualized by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy. Furthermore, the relative electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is determined for the ps-laser-treated samples. It is determined that the preanodized and laser-treated sample has 3.5 times larger ECSA than a polished sample, and that the laser-treated sample has 4.1 times larger area. Moreover, Tafel analysis is performed to determine the corrosion properties of the samples. It is shown that the corrosion resistance improves for both laser-structured samples after the anodization. To further study the surface of the samples, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements are conducted. The study indicates that the ps-laser-treated and anodized Ti6Al4V is suitable to be used for the fabrication of bone screws and plates due to its improved corrosion resistance as compared to nonanodized samples.
Heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays are widely used for biomarker detection in bioanalysis and medical diagnostics. The high analyte sensitivity of the current “gold standard” enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) originates from the signal-generating enzymatic amplification step, yielding a high number of optically detectable reporter molecules. For future point-of-care testing (POCT) and point-of-need applications, there is an increasing interest in more simple detection strategies that circumvent time-consuming and temperature-dependent enzymatic reactions. A common concept to aim for detection limits comparable to those of enzymatic amplification reactions is the usage of polymer nanoparticles (NP) stained with a large number of chromophores. We explored different simple NP-based signal amplification strategies for heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays
that rely on an extraction-triggered release step of different types of optically detectable reporters. Therefore, streptavidinfunctionalized polystyrene particles (PSP) are utilized as carriers for (i) the fluorescent dye coumarin 153 (C153) and (ii) hemin (hem) molecules catalyzing the luminol reaction enabling chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Additionally, (iii) NP labeling with hemin-based microperoxidase MP11 was assessed. For each amplification approach, the PSP was first systematically optimized regarding size, loading concentration, and surface chemistry. Then, for an immunoassay for the inflammation marker C- eactive protein (CRP), the analyte sensitivity achievable with optimized PSP
ystems was compared with the established ELISA concept for photometric and CL detection. Careful optimization led to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL for MP11-labeled PSP and CL detection, performing similarly well to a photometric ELISA (0.13 ng/mL), which demonstrates the huge potential of our novel assay concept.
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Aleksey I. Ekimov (prize share 1/3), Louis E. Brus (prize share 1/3), and Moungi G. Bawendi (prize share 1/3) for groundbreaking inventions in the field of nanotechnology, i.e., for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, also termed quantum dots, that exhibit size-dependent physicochemical properties enabled by quantum size effects. This feature article summarizes the main milestones of the discoveries and developments of quantum dots that paved the road to their versatile applications in solid-state lighting, display technology, energy conversion, medical diagnostics, bioimaging, and image-guided surgery.
SWIR luminescent nanomaterials – key chemical parameters for bright probes for in vivo bioimaging
(2024)
A current challenge for studying physio-pathological phenomena and diseaserelated processes in living organisms with non-invasive optical bioimaging is the development of bright optical reporters that enable deep tissue penetration, a high detection sensitivity, and a high spatial and temporal resolution. The focus of this project are nanomaterials, which absorb and emit in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) between ~900–2500 nm where scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence of the tissue are strongly reduced compared to the visible and NIR.
The use of a dedicated approach: DoE for synthesis + characterization + Chemometric Analysis, is a valuable method for the safe-by-design synthesis of several types of materials for large-scale application in catalysis, energy harvesting, biomedical and environmental applications, etc. This approach is not only related to the material synthesis, but can be expanded to any type of molecules/material, with relevant saving of solvents, energy and times.
Optical constants of In2O3-SnO2 (Indium tin oxide, ITO)
Minenkov et al. 2024: on glass; n,k 0.191–1.69 µm
Optical constants of In2O3-SnO2 (Indium tin oxide, ITO)
Minenkov et al. 2024: on Si wafer, top; n,k 0.191–1.69 µm
Optical constants of In2O3-SnO2 (Indium tin oxide, ITO)
Minenkov et al. 2024: on Si wafer, bottom; n,k 0.191–1.69 µm
New analytic ways to characterise mesoporous thin layers used in electrocatalytic water splitting
(2024)
Mesoporous materials are needed in many applications where a high specific surface area and adsorptive behaviour is needed. Important examples are separation techniques and barrier layers and catalysts. Electrochemical water splitting is the key technology for producing green hydrogen and there is no foreseeable alternative to this process for producing elementary hydrogen from green electrical power. Water electrolysis can be divided into the anodic Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and the cathodic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Both processes have to be heavily optimised to a large extent to avoid energy losses caused by overvoltage. The development of electrodes for these processes is especially difficult due to the many boundary conditions. Water splitting is a catalytic as well as electrochemical process. The contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode must be maximised maintaining the stability of the surface. Side reactions must be suppressed, and effective gas transport must be ensured. The whole process has to be tolerant with respect to temperature, harsh chemical conditions from the electrolyte as well as high current densities.
We present a hybrid analytical method combining several analytical techniques for determining the properties of thin layers of mixed oxides of the general composition Ir:TiOx. These materials are promising candidates for electrocatalytical top coatings of OER electrodes. To lower the costs of the electrolysers, the main goal is to lower the Ir content retaining the system efficiency. The main properties which are hard to determine are the porous volume fraction and the Ir:Ti element ratio. By a combination of electron microscopy, spectroscopic operando ellipsometry, ellipsometric porosimetry, and other techniques, we can determine key features of mesoporous thin layer materials. We aim to develop operando capable techniques used in process monitoring as well as measurement techniques optimised for accuracy. By developing reference materials, we support long term uptake of our methodology. This work can directly be used for optimising electrocatalytic layers and is a good example for the power of hybrid metrology for improving materials design.