Nano
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (347)
- Vortrag (338)
- Posterpräsentation (100)
- Forschungsdatensatz (52)
- Sonstiges (19)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (16)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (10)
- Forschungsbericht (9)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (6)
Sprache
- Englisch (872)
- Deutsch (52)
- Spanisch (2)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Nanoparticles (124)
- Nano (70)
- SAXS (64)
- XPS (60)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (59)
- Fluorescence (53)
- Quantum yield (51)
- Electron microscopy (48)
- Nanoparticle (46)
- X-ray scattering (46)
- SEM (40)
- Nanomaterial (39)
- Quality assurance (39)
- Lifetime (35)
- VAMAS (35)
- HAXPES (33)
- Dye (32)
- Particle size distribution (30)
- Particle (29)
- Sensor (28)
- Nanomaterials (27)
- Lanthanide (26)
- Photophysics (25)
- MOUSE (24)
- Surface functionalization (24)
- Synthesis (24)
- Standardisation (23)
- Graphene (22)
- Photoluminescence (22)
- Method (21)
- Reference material (21)
- Simulation (20)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (20)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (20)
- AFM (19)
- Interlaboratory comparison (19)
- NIR (19)
- Traceability (19)
- Boehmite (17)
- Nanocomposites (17)
- Quantum dots (17)
- Reference materials (17)
- Sample preparation (17)
- Thin films (17)
- Geant4 (16)
- Imaging (16)
- Laser processing (16)
- NanoSolveIT (16)
- Nanocomposite (16)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (16)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (15)
- Surface chemistry (15)
- Functionalized graphene (14)
- Metrology (14)
- Microdosimetry (14)
- Upconversion (14)
- Applications (13)
- Dosimetry (13)
- Femtosecond laser (13)
- Geant4-DNA (13)
- Luminescence (13)
- MCS (13)
- OECD (13)
- Quantum dot (13)
- SWIR (13)
- Scattering (13)
- DNA (12)
- EDS (12)
- Ellipsometry (12)
- Optical spectroscopy (12)
- Polymer (12)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (12)
- Conductivity (11)
- EBSD (11)
- Nanostructures (11)
- Particle size (11)
- Size (11)
- Surface analysis (11)
- Brightness (10)
- Energy transfer (10)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (10)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (10)
- LEE (10)
- Mechanism (10)
- Radiation damage (10)
- Small angle scattering (10)
- Standardization (10)
- TiO2 (10)
- Atomic force microscopy (9)
- AuNP (9)
- Automation (9)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (9)
- Epoxy (9)
- Friction (9)
- Gold (9)
- Methodology (9)
- Microstructures (9)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (9)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (9)
- Quantification (9)
- Radioactive decay (9)
- Silica (9)
- Surface (9)
- Wear (9)
- Energy deposit (8)
- Nanoconfinement (8)
- Protein (8)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (8)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (8)
- Additive manufacturing (7)
- Advanced materials (7)
- Cancer treatment (7)
- Coating (7)
- DNA damage (7)
- Excitation power density (7)
- FIB (7)
- Flash DSC (7)
- Ionic Liquid crystals (7)
- Ligand (7)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (7)
- Nanoplastics (7)
- Nanostructure (7)
- Radiationtherapy (7)
- Reference data (7)
- Shape (7)
- Single particle (7)
- Spectroscopy (7)
- TEM (7)
- TOPAS (7)
- Titania nanoparticles (7)
- ToF-SIMS (7)
- Uncertainty (7)
- Advanced Materials (6)
- Assay (6)
- Beta decay (6)
- Brachytherapy (6)
- Calibration (6)
- Cell (6)
- Flow cytometry (6)
- G5P (6)
- Glass (6)
- Gold Nanoparticles (6)
- Indium phosphide (6)
- Lab automation (6)
- Laser ablation (6)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (6)
- Low energy electrons (6)
- Measurement uncertainty (6)
- Multiplexing (6)
- NP (6)
- Nano powder (6)
- Nanoplastic (6)
- Particle scattering simulations (6)
- Prüfrichtlinie (6)
- Radiation therapy (6)
- Radiolysis (6)
- Reproducibility (6)
- Small-angle scattering (6)
- TOPAS-nbio (6)
- Temperature (6)
- VSSA (6)
- Adsorbed Layer (5)
- Analysis (5)
- Application (5)
- Bacteria (5)
- Biofilm (5)
- Cancer (5)
- Carbon nanotubes (5)
- Characterization (5)
- Core-shell (5)
- Data analysis (5)
- Dynamics (5)
- EPMA (5)
- Ectoine (5)
- Elastomers (5)
- Elemental composition (5)
- Environment (5)
- ISO/TC 202 (5)
- LLG (5)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (5)
- Micromagnetism (5)
- Microscopy (5)
- Multiphoton lithography (5)
- Nanocrystal (5)
- Nanoparticle concentration (5)
- Nanosafety (5)
- Nanotechnology (5)
- OH radical (5)
- OOMMF (5)
- Oxidation (5)
- Particle scattering (5)
- Polycarbonate (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Rubber (5)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (5)
- Sensing (5)
- SiO2 (5)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (5)
- Software (5)
- Surfaces (5)
- Topas (5)
- X-ray (5)
- XRD (5)
- nPSize (5)
- 2D materials (4)
- 3D (4)
- Advanced manufacturing (4)
- BDS (4)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Barcoding (4)
- Bead (4)
- Bending modulus (4)
- Bio-SAXS (4)
- Bioimaging (4)
- Calcium sulfate (4)
- Capillary waves (4)
- Catalysis (4)
- Certification (4)
- Clustered nanoparticles (4)
- Corrosion (4)
- Cosolute (4)
- Crystallization (4)
- DLS (4)
- Data (4)
- Data stewardship (4)
- Diffraction (4)
- Direct laser writing (4)
- EC4SafeNano (4)
- Ectoin (4)
- Encoding (4)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (4)
- Exchange interaction (4)
- Fast Scanning Calorimetry (4)
- Ferromagnetism (4)
- GVP (4)
- Glass transition (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (4)
- ISO/TC 229 (4)
- Image analysis (4)
- Image segmentation (4)
- InP (4)
- Instrumentation (4)
- Introduction (4)
- Ionic liquid (4)
- Ionizing radiation damage (4)
- Iron oxide (4)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (4)
- Knowledge Readiness Level (4)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (4)
- Life sciences (4)
- Livermore model (4)
- Magnetic moment (4)
- McSAS3 (4)
- Microbeam Analysis (4)
- Microbeam analysis (4)
- Microstructure (4)
- Modelling (4)
- NEXAFS (4)
- Nano@BAM (4)
- NanoDefine (4)
- Nanoelectronics (4)
- Nanofibers (4)
- Nanomaterial classification (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- Non-destructive operando analysis (4)
- Nucleation (4)
- OH radical scavenger (4)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (4)
- Optical assay (4)
- Orientation (4)
- PDF (4)
- Penelope model (4)
- Polymers (4)
- Probe (4)
- Protein unfolding (4)
- Radiotherapy (4)
- Reference product (4)
- Regulation (4)
- Round robin (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- Size distribution (4)
- Standard (4)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (4)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) (4)
- Surface modification (4)
- Synchrotron (4)
- TMDSC (4)
- Thickness (4)
- Titanium dioxide (4)
- Transmission electron microscopy (4)
- Two-photon polymerization (4)
- Ultrashort laser processing (4)
- particle scattering (4)
- ssDNA (4)
- AIS (3)
- Aggregation (3)
- Aging (3)
- Analytical sciences (3)
- Antibacterial (3)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (3)
- Automated synthesis (3)
- BAM reference data (3)
- BioSAXS (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- CLS (3)
- Cement (3)
- Ceria (3)
- Contact resonance (3)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (3)
- Correlative analysis (3)
- Correlative imaging (3)
- Cycloalyphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (3)
- Cytotoxicity (3)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (3)
- Electrochemistry (3)
- Electromagnetic scattering (3)
- Electron Microscopy (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (3)
- European Centre (3)
- European Metrology Network (EMN) (3)
- Extracellular vesicles (EV) (3)
- FTIR (3)
- Femtosecond laser processing (3)
- Framework (3)
- Free electron laser (3)
- General Materials Science (3)
- Gold nanocluster (3)
- Graphene oxide (3)
- Graphene related 2D materials (3)
- Growth Kinetics (3)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
- Hybrid metrology (3)
- ISO (3)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (3)
- Interphase (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Laboratory automation (3)
- Laboratory management (3)
- Limit of detection (3)
- Linearity (3)
- Lubricants (3)
- MOF (3)
- Machine Learning (3)
- Machine learning (3)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- Mechanical properties (3)
- Method comparison (3)
- Method development (3)
- Micro- and nanoplastics (3)
- Microprinting (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Monte Carlo (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- NMR (3)
- Nano particle (3)
- Nano-powder (3)
- Nanomaterialien (3)
- Nanopipettes (3)
- Nanostructure quantification (3)
- OH Radical (3)
- OH radicals (3)
- Optical assays (3)
- Particle Synthesis (3)
- Photocatalysis (3)
- Pollutant (3)
- Polyglycerol (3)
- Porosity (3)
- Porous materials (3)
- Procedure (3)
- Processing (3)
- Protein G (3)
- Proteins (3)
- Python (3)
- Quantitative NMR (3)
- ROS (3)
- Radical Scavenger (3)
- Ratiometric sensors (3)
- Resonance frequency (3)
- Rigidity (3)
- SAXS/WAXS (3)
- SEM/EDS (3)
- SOP (3)
- Safe-by-Design (3)
- Scattering pattern analysis (3)
- Semiconductor (3)
- Sensors (3)
- Shell (3)
- Small-angle xray scattering (3)
- Stability (3)
- Standards (3)
- Surface chemical analysis (3)
- Surface group analysis (3)
- Surface group quantification (3)
- Test guideline (3)
- Thin Films (3)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (3)
- Time-resolved scattering (3)
- Topas-MC (3)
- Topas-nBio (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (3)
- Tribology (3)
- Ultrafast laser processing (3)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (3)
- Upconversion nanocrystal (3)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (3)
- Validation (3)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (3)
- beta particle (3)
- nanoparticle (3)
- pH probe (3)
- pH sensing (3)
- 100Cr6 (2)
- 150th anniversary (2)
- 2D Materials (2)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D Fourier Transform (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- ABC (2)
- ACEnano (2)
- APTES (2)
- Absolute fluorescence (2)
- Achsschenkel (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Advanced Manufacturing (2)
- Advanced nanomaterials (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Agglomerates (2)
- Aktivkohle (2)
- Amorphous silica particles (2)
- Amplification (2)
- Amyloid (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Antibody coating (2)
- Au (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automatisation (2)
- BAM (2)
- BET (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Behavior and Systematics (2)
- Beta particle (2)
- Bio-based concrete (2)
- Bioconjugation (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Bruchmechanische Auslegung (2)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (2)
- Bundesoberbehörden (2)
- CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies (2)
- Case studies (2)
- Catalysts (2)
- Cathodoluminescence (2)
- CeO2 (2)
- Cell studies (2)
- Ceramics and Composites (2)
- Characterisation (2)
- Chemical admixtures (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Cleavable probe (2)
- Cluster (2)
- Coatings (2)
- Collection (2)
- Commercial graphene (2)
- Comparison (2)
- Complex (2)
- Composites (2)
- Concentration (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Conductometry (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Correlative Imaging (2)
- Cr(III) (2)
- Cribellate spiders (2)
- Crosslinker (2)
- DNA radiation damage (2)
- Data conversion (2)
- Data curation (2)
- Data fitting (2)
- Data organization (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Desintegracion radioactiva (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (2)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- Diopside (2)
- Direct damage (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Direct laser-interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Dispersion process (2)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (2)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (2)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- EDX (2)
- EMN (2)
- EMPIR (2)
- EMPIR 18HLT01 MetVesII (2)
- ESCA (2)
- EU FP7 project NanoValid (2)
- Ecology (2)
- Ectrocatalysis (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electrolysis (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Engineered Nanomaterials (2)
- Enhancement strategy (2)
- European Metrology Networks (EMNs) (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Excitation (2)
- FAIR (2)
- FFT (2)
- FLIM (2)
- Fail-safe (2)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (2)
- Fe3O4 (2)
- FeNi (2)
- FeNi-Oxide NPs (2)
- Film thickness (2)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (2)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Flow cytometry (FCM) (2)
- Fluorescence standard (2)
- Fluorescent particles (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- Force distance curve (2)
- Fourier Transform (2)
- Fourier transforms (2)
- Functionalization (2)
- Funtional Groups (2)
- Gallium doping (2)
- Gene five protein (2)
- Glue (2)
- Graphene inks (2)
- Graphene oxide flakes (2)
- Graphene powder (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- HDF5 (2)
- Halloysite nanotubes (2)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Herceptin (2)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (2)
- High resolution (2)
- Holistic experimental procedures (2)
- Holistic experimentation (2)
- Holistic science (2)
- Homogeneity (2)
- Hydrated DNA (2)
- Hydrated electron (2)
- Hydration (2)
- Hydration shell (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydroxyectoine (2)
- Hydroxyl radical (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- IgG (2)
- Immunoassays (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Immunoprecipitation (2)
- Immunosensor (2)
- In-situ (2)
- Indirect damage (2)
- Industrial applications (2)
- Instrument calibration (2)
- Interfaces (2)
- Interlaboratory Comparison (2)
- Interlaboratory Comparisons (2)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Ionisation (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Jahrestag (2)
- Kerbschlagarbeit (2)
- Kikuchi (2)
- Korrelation (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Latex (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (2)
- Ligands (2)
- Lubrication (2)
- Material sciences (2)
- Measurement data conversion (2)
- Mesoporous (2)
- Metal cluster (2)
- Metal organic framework (2)
- Metals and Alloys (2)
- Method validation (2)
- Microanalysis (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Micropatterning (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2)
- Monitoring (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Multi photon lithography (2)
- Multilayer graphene (2)
- Multiphoton Lithography (2)
- Método de Montecarlo (2)
- NXsas (2)
- Nano- and microsensors (2)
- Nano-safety (2)
- Nanocarrier (2)
- Nanocharacterisation (2)
- Nanofasern (2)
- Nanoindentation (2)
- Nanomechanics (2)
- Nanometrology (2)
- Nanopulver (2)
- Nanorisk (2)
- Nanosensor (2)
- Nanostructure investigation (2)
- Natural rubber (2)
- NeXus (2)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (2)
- Net-ionization reaction (2)
- Neural networks (2)
- Neutron (2)
- Neutron scattering (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Non-spherical shape (2)
- OECD TG 124 (2)
- OER (2)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (2)
- Optical Spectroscopy (2)
- Optical probe (2)
- Oriented immobilization (2)
- Osmolyte (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- PAG (2)
- PDT (2)
- PEG (2)
- Particle number concentration (2)
- Particle scattering simulation (2)
- Particle size and shape distribution (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particle surface analysis (2)
- Particle synthesis (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptide Library (2)
- Performance validation (2)
- Permethrin (2)
- Perovskite (2)
- Ph (2)
- Phosphor (2)
- Photocuring (2)
- Photonic crystal (2)
- Photoresist (2)
- Plant Science (2)
- Polydopamine (2)
- Polymer blends (2)
- Polymer nanocomposites (2)
- Polymer particle (2)
- Polymer-based nanocomposites (2)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (2)
- Polypropylene (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Power density (2)
- Prehydrated electron (2)
- Presolvated electron (2)
- Protein A (2)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (2)
- Pump-probe experiments (2)
- Quantitative Analysis (2)
- Quantum yields (2)
- Quasi-direct damage (2)
- Radical (2)
- Radical scavenger (2)
- Radioactive nanoparticle (2)
- Raman (2)
- Ratio refinement (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Reference Material (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Reproducibility crisis (2)
- Rheology (2)
- Robotics (2)
- Rosin (2)
- SANS (2)
- SBA-15 (2)
- SIMS (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Safety (2)
- Saxs (2)
- Scanning electron microscopy (2)
- Scicat (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Sensor molecules (2)
- SiGe (2)
- Silane (2)
- Silanization (2)
- Silica and Polystyrene Particles (2)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (2)
- Silica nanoparticles (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Silver nanoparticle (2)
- Single particle spectroscopy (2)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (2)
- Special issue (2)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (2)
- Stakeholder (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Starch (2)
- Starch nanoparticle (2)
- Steel (2)
- Structure-property relationship (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Surface Analysis (2)
- Surface Group Analysis (2)
- Surface charge (2)
- Surface morphology (2)
- Surface oxidation (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Synchrotron radiation (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- TED-GC/MS (2)
- TGA (2)
- TKD (2)
- Temeprature scaling (2)
- Temperature scaling (2)
- Test material (2)
- Thermoanalytik (2)
- Thermoplastics (2)
- Thin polymer films (2)
- TiAl64V (2)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (2)
- Titania (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Titration (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (2)
- Transparency (2)
- Transparent Conductive Oxides (2)
- Two photon polymerisation (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Uncertainties (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Volume specific surface area (2)
- WAXS (2)
- White light interference microscopy (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- XANES (2)
- Xray (2)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (2)
- Zeta potential (2)
- Zinc oxide (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- low energy electrons (2)
- nanoparticula (2)
- pH (2)
- (Hard) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) steel (1)
- 18HLT01 MetVes II (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D flakes (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 2D nanoparticle (1)
- 3D FFT (1)
- 3D etching (1)
- 3D printed hydrogel (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3d structuring (1)
- 60-230V (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ACCORDs (1)
- ADA-GEL (1)
- AEROSIL® OX50 (1)
- AFM based test methods (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AFM-IR (1)
- AFM-Kraft-Abstand-Kurven (1)
- AI tool (1)
- AIS QD (1)
- ASAXS (1)
- ATH (1)
- ATZ (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Absolute measurement (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Active Matter (1)
- Actuating materials (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Advanced optics (1)
- Ag (1)
- Ag2S (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Aggregation induced emission (1)
- Al-Composite (1)
- Al-based alloy (1)
- Al2O3 thin films (1)
- AlOOH (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alloy 36 (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloy (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Analyses (1)
- Analysis approach (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (1)
- Anatase (1)
- Aneurism (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic delivery (1)
- Antibiotic release (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial titanium coating (1)
- Antioxydant (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arbitrary shapes (1)
- Argon gas cluster ion sputtering (1)
- Aromatische Aminosäureanalytik (1)
- Article concentration (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial digestion (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Atomic force microscope (1)
- Atomic fraction (1)
- Au Nanoparticles (1)
- Au nanodisks (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Au-nanocubes (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Automated Image Analysis (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated assay (1)
- Autonomous Materials Discovery (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- BADGER film (1)
- BAM Academy (1)
- BCA (1)
- BMU (1)
- BNP (1)
- BODIPY (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BSA (1)
- BTS (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- BadgerFilm (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bead-based assays (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bessel-Strahlen (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Bimodal (1)
- Bimodal size distribution (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-orthogonal chemistry (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biofunctional Molecules (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimetic surfaces (1)
- Bionic materials (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensing (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Boehmite alumina (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Boronic acid (1)
- Boronic acid-functionalized 2D MoS2 (1)
- Bradford-Assay (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Brownsche Molekularbewegung (1)
- Building and Construction (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- Böhmit (1)
- C++ (1)
- C-F bond activation (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CE-ICP-MS (1)
- CEN (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CRP (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration structure (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon Nanomembranes (1)
- Carbon black (1)
- Carbon dot (1)
- Carbon fibers (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Catalogue of Services (CoS) (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Catalyst (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catch and release assay (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Causes leading to scientific misconduct (1)
- CdS (1)
- CdTe quantum dots (1)
- Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 (1)
- CeO2 nanoparticles (1)
- CeO2/Co3O4 (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellulose acetate (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Ceramic matrix composites (1)
- Ceramic microprinting (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Certified reference materials (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Ceruloplasmin (1)
- Cetrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS (1)
- Channel access (1)
- Characterization method (1)
- Charge (1)
- Charge transfer (1)
- Chemical analyses (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemometric analysis (1)
- Chromium (III) complexes (1)
- Civil and Structural Engineering (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleavable linker (1)
- Cleavable probes (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Cmake (1)
- Co (1)
- Co0.75Fe2.25O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co1.5Fe1.5O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co2.25Fe0.75O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co3O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coatings and Films (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Coherent exchange (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Color (1)
- Color tuning (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Command line (1)
- Command-line interface (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Comparability of Measurement Results (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complementary methods (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined catalyst (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Converter marterial (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Copper (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (CSNP) (1)
- Core-shell particles (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core/shell materials (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core/shell quantum dot (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Correlative Spectroscopy (1)
- Corrosion rate (1)
- Coulomb explosion (1)
- Covalend functionalization (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Covalent interactions (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Critical strain (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Curing (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- DFT (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DMAS (1)
- DMSO (1)
- DNA structures (1)
- DNA-Binding protein (1)
- DPA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSC (1)
- DTAB (1)
- Damage (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data Management (1)
- Data analysis round robin (1)
- Data catalog (1)
- Data corrections (1)
- Data correlation (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data manipulation (1)
- Data pipelines (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data provenance (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Data stewartship (1)
- Data visualisation (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datasets (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Debian (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller-Faktor (1)
- Decay kinetics (1)
- Defect Analysis (1)
- Defect photoluminescence (1)
- Definition (1)
- Definition of nanomaterial (1)
- Degradation signatures (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Demonstration (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Density (1)
- Depth profiling (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Diagnostic antibodies (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital laboratory (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Dimensional mismatch of crystalline lattice periods (misfit) (1)
- Diopsid (1)
- Direct Laser Writing (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersion of nano materials (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Distribution of nanoparticles (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Doping (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Dual sensing (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dyad molecules (1)
- Dye labeling (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Dynamic behavior (1)
- Dynamic heterogeneity (1)
- Dynamische Lichtstreuung (1)
- Dünne Schichten (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EDS-TM002 (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EMPIR nPSize (1)
- EMPIR project (1)
- EPICS (1)
- EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis) (1)
- EU (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastomer (1)
- Electric Safety Interlock (1)
- Electrical Paramters (1)
- Electrical Properties (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical properties (1)
- Electrical thin layers (1)
- Electrocatalytic Water Splitting (1)
- Electrochemical Degradation (1)
- Electrochemical Titration (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical sensing (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electromagnetic radiation (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (1)
- Electron density map (1)
- Electron probe microanallysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron spectroscopy (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electrospun fibers (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Ellipsometric porosimetry (1)
- Ellipsometrie (1)
- Emission enhancement (1)
- Encapsulation (1)
- Endpoints (1)
- Energiedissipation im Kontakt (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Engineered nanomaterials (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Epoxi nanocomposites (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Epoxy-Anhydrid Duroplast (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Metrology Network (1)
- European Metrology Network for Advanced Manufacturing, Strategic Research Agenda (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Exfoliation (1)
- Experiment tracking (1)
- Experimental traceability (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Extracellualr vesicles (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni (1)
- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi thin film (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferrihydrite (1)
- Ferumoxytol (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Field sensor (1)
- Filled rubbers (1)
- Filled thermosets and plastics (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (FDTD) (1)
- Fire Retardant (1)
- Fityk (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Flammability (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Fluorescence intensity ratio (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluorescence quantum yield (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent glasses (1)
- Fluorescent indicator (1)
- Fluorescent label (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Focused Ion Beam (1)
- Focussed ion beam (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Force distance curves (1)
- Force-distance curves (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Form factor (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Free electron laser (FEL) (1)
- Freeze casting (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Frozen state photopolymerization (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional fatigue (1)
- Functional group analysis (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionalized Nanomaterials (1)
- Functionalized nano- and microparticles (1)
- Functionalized nanographene (1)
- Functionalized silica and polymeric particles (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas separation membranes (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gastrointestinal barrier (1)
- Gated hybrid material (1)
- Gel (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Geology (1)
- Git (1)
- Glass Ceramic (1)
- Glass ceramic (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (1)
- Gold Nanoparticle (1)
- Gold nanoclusters (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Granulometrie (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene /-oxide (1)
- Graphene funcionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalization (1)
- Graphene related materials (1)
- Graphene related two-dimensional materials (GR2M) (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphene-related 2D materials (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphs (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Grenzfläche als Material (1)
- Größe (1)
- Größenbestimmung (1)
- Guanidine receptor (1)
- Gypsum' SAXS (1)
- HEA (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heat-resistant nickel alloys (1)
- Hematite (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical porosities (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High Resolution (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- High-throughput measurements (1)
- History (1)
- Holistic experiment approaches (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogeneous deposition (1)
- Human antibodies (1)
- Human factor (1)
- Human influence (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogen Generation (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrothermal synthesis (1)
- Hygiene (1)
- Hyperbranched (1)
- Hyperspectral imaging (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- ILC (1)
- IR (1)
- IR oxide (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- ISO 21363 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO/TC 201 (1)
- ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis (1)
- ISO/TC229 (1)
- ISOGScope (1)
- Identification (1)
- ImAFM (1)
- Image Segmentation (1)
- Image manipulation (1)
- Images (1)
- Imaging Ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging surface chemical analysis (1)
- Imaging techniques (1)
- Immobilisierung (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (1)
- Immunpräzipitation (1)
- Implant material (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (1)
- In situ synthesis (1)
- In vivo imaging (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- Indenter area function (1)
- Indium Tin Oxide (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inelastic neutron scattering (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Infrastructure (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrument automation (1)
- Instrument compliance (1)
- Instrument control (1)
- Instrumentation utilization (1)
- Inter-laborator comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparisons (1)
- Intercomparability (1)
- Interlaboratory (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory comparisons (1)
- Interlabority comparison (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer networks (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion beam erosion Sectioning (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Irreversible adsorption (1)
- JNP (1)
- JNP AdvManuNet (1)
- K+ doped (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- LET (1)
- LEVASIL 50/50 (1)
- LL equation (1)
- Label (1)
- Laboratory methodology (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Lanthanide(III) (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Large number of participants (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser light scattering (1)
- Laser nanostructuring (1)
- Laser technology (1)
- Laser writing (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced amorphization (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächen-Nanostrukturen (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächenstrukturen (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lateral dimensions (1)
- Lateral flow assay (1)
- Lateral flow test (1)
- Layer Materials (1)
- Layer system (1)
- Layered manganese oxide (1)
- Lead-free (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Lifetime analysis (1)
- Ligand exchange (1)
- Ligand quantification (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Linux (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Llifetime (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Low Reynolds number swimmers (1)
- Low-loading (1)
- Lubricant additives (1)
- Luminescence lifetime measurments (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminescent materials (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MIC (1)
- MNP production technique (1)
- MPI (1)
- MPLS (1)
- MRT (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magic-sized cluster (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic beads (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticle (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Magnetic swimmers (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magnetron Sputtering (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material-binding Peptides (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Design (1)
- Materials and Processes Data Reusability (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matter reorganization (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- Me-TiO2 (1)
- Measurement methodology (1)
- Measurement science (1)
- Mechanical testing (1)
- Median lethal energy deposit (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Mesocrystal (1)
- Mesoporous Materials (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Meta material (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metadata collection (1)
- Metadata structuring (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal fluorides (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-semiconductor (1)
- Metal–organic framework (1)
- Metasurface (1)
- Methodology development (1)
- Methos comparision (1)
- Metrics (1)
- Metrological traceability (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro- and Nanoplastics (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticle (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microplastic reference materials (1)
- Microstructure evolution (1)
- Microtribology (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Mie resonances (1)
- Mikrostrukturen (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Model (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Mobility (1)
- Molecular mobility (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monte carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Morpho-chemical characterization (1)
- Motor controller (1)
- Multi-photon light structuring (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multi-scale (1)
- Multi-scale measurements (1)
- Multicolored (1)
- Multifunctional nanoparticles (1)
- Multiphoton laser structuring (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Mussel inspired materials (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR-II Imaging (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIRII (1)
- NaCl-Methode (1)
- Nafion 117 (1)
- Naica (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Characterisation (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano material (1)
- Nano screening (1)
- Nano structure (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-characterisation (1)
- Nano-object (1)
- Nano-related data (1)
- Nano-risk assessment (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- NanoValid (1)
- Nanoanalysis (1)
- Nanoanalytics (1)
- Nanobiointerfaces (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocomposite fibers (1)
- Nanocubes (1)
- Nanodiamant (1)
- Nanodielectrics (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanofiller (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanomaterial Properties (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial properties (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanon (1)
- Nanoparticle Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle size distribution (1)
- Nanoparticle size measurement (1)
- Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticular TiO2 (Anatase) (1)
- Nanopipette modification (1)
- Nanoplatelet (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanorisk Governance (1)
- Nanosafety services (1)
- Nanoscale (1)
- Nanoscale luminescent reporters (1)
- Nanoscale measurements (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanosensors (1)
- Nanosilica (NS) (1)
- Nanosilver (1)
- Nanostrcutures (1)
- Nanostructural analysis (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostrukturen (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nanotechnologies (1)
- Nanotoxicity (1)
- Nanotribology (1)
- Nanowear (1)
- Native oxide layer (1)
- Nd excitation (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Network (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neutron Scattering (1)
- Neutron imaging (1)
- Next Generation Sequencing (1)
- Ni (1)
- Ni-Mn-Ga (1)
- Nichtrostender Stahl (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitrene[2+1]cycloaddition (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nnano particle (1)
- Noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Non-thermally coupled levels (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Nonclassical crystallization (1)
- Nonlinear lithography (1)
- Normung (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- OECD TG (1)
- OECD TG 125 (1)
- OH (1)
- OMS (1)
- Oberflächenanalytik (1)
- Oberflächenintegrität (1)
- Oberflächenmesstechnik (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächensteifigkeit (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical Assays (1)
- Optical analysis (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical constants (1)
- Optical detection (1)
- Optical flow (1)
- Optical measurement technology (1)
- Optical measurements (1)
- Optical near field (1)
- Optical probes (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical scattering (1)
- Optical temperature sensing (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Oral uptake (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Origami (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- P25 (1)
- PC characterisation (1)
- PES (1)
- PFAS (1)
- PH (1)
- PH probe (1)
- PVDF-Based membrane (1)
- Paint (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Paper mills (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Parameter correlation. (1)
- Participatory Approach (1)
- Particle accretion (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle scatterin simulations (1)
- Particle sensors (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Particle size determination (1)
- Particle transfer (1)
- Particle, imaging (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Partikelgröße (1)
- Partikelgrößenbestimmung (1)
- Partikelkonzentration (1)
- Passivation shell (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peem (1)
- Pelletization (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Performance check (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Phage Display (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoluminescence quantum yield (1)
- Photon bunching (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photophysic (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physicochemical characterization (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pitfalls (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasmon enhancement (1)
- Plasmon resonance (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing spectroscopy (1)
- Plastic reference materials (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastikstrategie (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Polarimetry (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polybutadiene/chloroprene (1)
- Polydispersity (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyethylene Glycol (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polymer analysis/characterization (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Polymer-binding Peptides (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Post-modification by L-cysteine (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Powder (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder processing (1)
- Power Electronics (1)
- Power electronics (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Practical aspects (1)
- Pre-standardisation (1)
- Preceramic polymer (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Preparation (1)
- Primer (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Prodrug antibiotic (1)
- Production (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Propolis (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Prürfrichtlinie (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- Pump-probe (1)
- Purification (1)
- Pycnometry (1)
- Pyrethroid (1)
- QNMR (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Qantum yield (1)
- Quality assurcance (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quality infrastructure (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum Yields (1)
- Quantum do (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quartz nanopipettes (1)
- Quarzglas (1)
- RBE (1)
- REACH (1)
- RNA (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation protection (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radioactive NP (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Ratiometric Sensors (1)
- Real time growth control (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Recycling-by-design (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference Nanomaterials (1)
- Reference methods (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference particles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference products (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Reference structure (1)
- Referenzdaten (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regional workshop (1)
- Reibungsreduktion (1)
- Reinforcement (1)
- Release (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Reliabiilty (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Renewable Energy (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Ridis amorphous fraction (1)
- Ripples (1)
- Risk Governance (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- Risstrajektorie (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotic-supported synthesis (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- Rreference material (1)
- Röntgenrefraktion (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SDLs (1)
- SKPM (1)
- SMPS (1)
- SRA (1)
- SSB (1)
- SSbD (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (TSEM) (1)
- STL file input (1)
- SWIR photoluminescence (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Saccharide sensing (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safer by design (1)
- Sall-angle scattering (1)
- Sample peparation (1)
- Saphir (1)
- Saponite (1)
- Scannig probe microscope (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe methods (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scanning probe measurements (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scattering pattern (1)
- Scattering pattern simulation (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schmiermittel (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Scientific misconduct (1)
- Screening (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Self-degrading (1)
- Self-driving Labs (1)
- Semantic Interoperability (1)
- Semiconductor materials (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductur (1)
- Sensing; temperature (1)
- Sensitization (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Separation membranes (1)
- Sequential Learning (1)
- Shape-controlled (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shortwave infrared (1)
- Si-Ge (1)
- SiO2 Nanoparticle (1)
- Sialic acid (1)
- Silanisation (1)
- Silica Nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica particles (1)
- Silica- and Polystyrene Particles (1)
- Silica- and polystyrene particles (1)
- Silicon nanoparticles (1)
- Silver indium sulfide (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Single asperity (1)
- Single asperity contact (1)
- Single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single molecule (1)
- Single particle-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Single-dot spectroscopy (1)
- Single-particle measurements (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size measurement (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Smartphone readout device (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Sol-gel (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid-binding Peptides (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- SpICP-MS (1)
- Speciation analysis (1)
- Specific Surface Area (BET) (1)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- Spin (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Standard Operation Procedures (1)
- Standard operation procedures (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisung (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Standardized check (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Strain measurement (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural characterisation (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Superelasticity (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Surface Activation (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface Analytics (1)
- Surface Chemical Transformation (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Modification (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface engineering (1)
- Surface functional group quantification (1)
- Surface group (1)
- Surface groups (1)
- Surface modified nano- and microparticles (1)
- Surface morphology and chemistry (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Sustainable-by-Design (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swarming (1)
- Switch (1)
- Synergistic effects (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthesis library (1)
- Systems architecture (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TMDCs (1)
- TOPAS-nBio (1)
- TRL (1)
- TSEM (1)
- Tafel Plot (1)
- Tag (1)
- Targeted nanoparticle (1)
- Temparatur modulated Flash DSC (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature modulated DSC (1)
- Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Terminal functional groups (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test artifact (1)
- Test structure (1)
- Testguideline (1)
- Theoretical modelling (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapeutic antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal coupling energy level (1)
- Thermal desorption mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermally coupled levels (1)
- Thermogravimetry (1)
- Thermoset composition (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thetaevolve (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thin Layers (1)
- Thin film (1)
- Thin film analysis (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin magnetic films (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Thumor therapy (1)
- Ti oxide (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 D540 nanoparticles (1)
- TiO2 PVP (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticle (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Time of Flight - Secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved analysis (1)
- Time-resolved coherent scattering (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Titanium oxide (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- Tools (1)
- Tools to combat scientific misconduct (1)
- Topas-nbio (1)
- TopasMC (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Total scattering (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Traceability derivation (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Transition electron microscopy (1)
- Transition metal dichalcogenide (1)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transparent conductive Oxides (1)
- Transport limitations (1)
- Trastuzumab (1)
- Trends (1)
- Triazine (1)
- Triggered (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (1)
- Tungsten (1)
- Twin orientation relationship (1)
- Two photon polymerization (1)
- Two-Photon Polymerization (1)
- Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon polymerisatio (1)
- Two-photon-polymerization (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Weathering (1)
- UV-curing (1)
- UiO (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Uncertainty budget (1)
- UpConversion (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VRFB (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium speciation (1)
- Variable excitation (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Verschleißreduktion (1)
- Video (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Volatiles from thermosets (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Vulcanization (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Waxs (1)
- Wear particles (1)
- Werkstoffe (1)
- Wet dispersion (1)
- White light interferometric microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Wide-bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Wirksumme (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- Workflow (1)
- Workflows (1)
- X-Ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray generation (1)
- X-ray instrumentation (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray microspectroscopy (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray production efficiency (1)
- X-ray spectrometer (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XCT (1)
- XPS spctroscopy (1)
- XRM (1)
- XUV scattering (1)
- Yb(III) complex (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (1)
- Zero wear (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- ZnO (1)
- ZnO nanoparticles (1)
- ZnSe (1)
- ZrO2 nanoparticles (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- abasic side (1)
- aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) (1)
- analytical service (1)
- anion-exchange (1)
- antibody (1)
- attraktive Wechelwirkung (1)
- automation (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacteria detection (1)
- base loss (1)
- bended arrow of time (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioimaging (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- bone (1)
- clustered nanoparticles (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescence standards (1)
- gamma ray (1)
- graphene related 2D materials (1)
- immunoseparation (1)
- instrument utilization (1)
- laboratory automation (1)
- laboratory management (1)
- lifetime (1)
- magnetic nanoparticle (1)
- metadata collection (1)
- method (1)
- nm films (1)
- organic dyes (1)
- particle (1)
- particle size determination (1)
- qNMR (1)
- quality assurcance (1)
- quantum dot (1)
- quantum yield (1)
- radiolysis (1)
- research efficiency (1)
- sample preparation (1)
- screening tes (1)
- shape control (1)
- single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- single particle-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- stl code (1)
- surface group analysis (1)
- synthesis (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- time-temperature equivalent formulation (1)
- time-temperature superposition principle (1)
- total scattering (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- wrapping (1)
- µ-XRF (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (659)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (345)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (184)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (159)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (134)
- 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien (131)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (90)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (61)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (46)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (33)
Paper des Monats
- ja (15)
The core−shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4:Yb3+ upconversion nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method, and a layer of mesoporous silica (mSiO2) was successfully coated on the periphery of the core−shell nanoparticles to transform their surface from lipophilic to hydrophilic, further expanding their applications in biological tissues. The physical phase, morphology, structure, and fluorescence properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ζ potential analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the material has a hexagonal structure with good hydrophilicity and emits intense fluorescence under 980 nm pump laser excitation. The non-contact temperature sensing performance of nanoparticles was evaluated by analyzing the upconversion fluorescence of Tm3+ (1G4 → 3F4 and 3F3 → 3H6) in the temperature range of 284−344 K. The absolute and relative sensitivities were found to be 0.0067 K−1 and 1.08 % K−1, respectively, with high-temperature measurement reliability and good temperature cycling performance. More importantly, its temperature measurement in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution is accurate. In addition, the temperature of the cells can be increased by adjusting the laser power density and laser irradiation time. Therefore, an optical temperature sensing platform was built to realize the application of real-time monitoring of cancer cell temperature and the dual function of photothermal therapy.
The NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4@β-CD upconversion nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the solvothermal method, and the samples were pure hexagonal phase with good crystallinity and homogeneous size, asevidenced by XRD and TEM analysis. The FT-IR analysis shows that β-CD is successfully encapsulated on the surface of NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles. The fluorescence intensity 3and lifetime were significantly increased after coating the inert layer on the surface of core nanoparticles. After further surface modification of β-CD, the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime were reduced, but the overall fluorescence was stronger. Temperature measurements using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique were found to have relatively low reliability and absolute sensitivity for temperature measurements using thermally coupled energy levels. However, the reliability of temperature measurements using non-thermally coupled energy levels is significantly higher and the absolute sensitivity is much higher than for measurements at thermally coupled levels. Since the maximum absolute sensitivity, maximum relative sensitivity and minimum temperature resolution are determined to be 0.1179 K-1, 2.19 %K 1 and 0.00019 K, respectively, NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4@β-CD upconversion nanoparticles are expected to be widely used in the biomedical field due to their feasibility, reliability, non-toxicity and harmlessness.
Optical Thermometry is popular among researchers because of its non-contact, high sensitivity, and fast measurement properties. In the present experiment, Er3+/Yb3+/K+ co-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles with different K+ concentrations were synthesized by solvothermal method, and the samples showed bright upconversion green emission under the excitation of a 980 nm laser. The powder X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the crystal structure and its surface morphology, respectively. The spectral characteristics of nanoparticles with K+ doping concentration from 10% to 30% (Molar ratio) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, and it was observed that the fluorescence intensity reached the maximum at the K+ concentration of 20%, after which the intensity weakened when the K+ content continued to increase. According to the dependence between the luminescence intensity of the sample and the laser power density and fluorescence lifetime, the intrinsic mechanism was carefully investigated. Temperature-dependent spectra of the samples were recorded in the temperature range of 315–495 K, and the maximum values of absolute sensitivity (Sa) and relative sensitivity (Sr) were measured at 0.0041 K−1 (455 K) and 0.9220%K−1 (315 K). The experimental results show that K+/Er3+/Yb3+ triple-doped NaYF4 green fluorescent nanoparticles (GFNs) have good prospects for applications in display devices, temperature sensing, and other fields.
In this workpackage of the ELENA project, we develop a way to express the measurement uncertainty of nanoscale determination of electrical propserties. The method developed aims to be usable for industrial contexts and described in technical documents and standards drafts. Standards and reference samples are used to make traceable measurements available for the end user.
The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces.
Inelastic incoherent neutron time-of-flight scattering was employed to investigate the low-frequency vibrational density of states (VDOSs) for a series of glassy Janus-poly(tricyclononenes), which consist of a rigid main chain and flexible alkyl side chains. Here, the length of the flexible side chains was systematically varied from propyl to octyl. Such materials have potential applications as active separation layers in gas separation membranes as a green future technology, especially for the separation of higher hydrocarbons. From the morphological point of view, the Janus polynorbornenes undergo a nanophase separation into alkyl side chain-rich nanodomains surrounded by a rigid polynorbornene matrix. Here, the influence of the nanophase-separated structure on the low-frequency VDOS is investigated from a fundamental point of view. The low-frequency VDOSs of these Janus polynorbornene show excess contributions to the Debye type VDOS known as the Boson peak (BP) for all side chain lengths. Due to the high incoherent scattering cross-section of hydrogen, most of the scattering comes from the alkyl side chain-rich domains.
Compared to conventional glass-forming materials, in the considered Janus polynorbornenes, the BP has a much lower intensity and its frequency position is shifted to higher values. These experimental results are discussed in terms of the nanophase-separated structure where the alkyl chain-rich domains were constrained by the surrounding matrix dominated by the rigid backbone. With increasing alkyl chain length, the size of the alkyl chain-rich domains increases. The frequency position of the BP shifts linearly to lower frequencies with the size of these nanodomains estimated from X-ray measurements. The obtained results support the sound wave interpretation to the BP
Lanthanide-based, spectrally shifting, and multi-color luminescent upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received much attention in the last decades because of their applicability as reporter for bioimaging, super-resolution microscopy, and sensing as well as barcoding and anti-counterfeiting tags. A prerequisite for the broad application of UCNPs in areas such as sensing and encoding are simple, robust, and easily upscalable synthesis protocols that yield large quantities of UCNPs with sizes of 20 nm or more with precisely controlled and tunable physicochemical properties from lowcost reagents with a high reproducibility. In this context, we studied the reproducibility, robustness, and upscalability of the synthesis of β-NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs via thermal decomposition. Reaction parameters included solvent, precursor chemical compositions, ratio, and concentration. The resulting UCNPs were then examined regarding their application-relevant physicochemical properties such as size, size distribution, morphology, crystal phase, chemical composition, and photoluminescence.
Based on these screening studies, we propose a small volume and high-concentration synthesis approach that can provide UCNPs with different, yet controlled size, an excellent phase purity and tunable morphology in batch sizes of up to at least 5 g which are well suited for the fabrication of sensors, printable barcodes or authentication and recycling tags.
Bacterial biofilms pose serious problems in medical and industrial settings. One of the major societal challenges lies in the increasing resistance of bacteria against biocides used in antimicrobial treatments, e.g., via overabundant use in medicine, industry, and agriculture or cleaning and disinfection in private households. Hence, new efficient bacteria-repellent strategies avoiding the use of biocides are strongly desired. One promising route to achieve bacteria-repellent surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser-processing of technical surfaces. Tailored surface textures, enabled by different laser-processing strategies that result in topographic scales ranging from nanometers to micrometers may provide a solution to this challenge. This article presents a current state-of-the-art review of laser-surface subtractive texturing approaches for controlling the biofilm formation for different bacterial strains and in different environments. Based on specific properties of bacteria and laser-processed surfaces, the challenges of anti-microbial surface designs are discussed, and future directions will be outlined.
Ratiometric green–red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fuorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO2-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs. Fluorescence microscopy studies with the molecular and nanoscale optical probes and A549 lung cancer cells confirmed the cellular uptake of all probes and their penetration into acidic cell compartments, i.e., the lysosomes, indicated by the switching ON of the green naphthalimide fluorescence. This underlines their suitability for intracellular pH sensing, with the SiO2-based nanosensor revealing the best performance regarding uptake speed and stability.
The presentation demonstrates an application of multi-scale optical imaging methods such as spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and white light interference microscopy for the investigation of wide-bandgap semiconductors for power electronics. The capabilities of these methods for the development of new reference calibration samples for scanning microwave microscopes (SMM) and conductive atomic force microscopes (C AFM) are discussed.
Today there are hundreds of products available containing silver in form of nanoparticles, so-called nanosilver. This situation and the foreseeable future growing market of nanosilver will supposedly cause an increased release of silver into the environment. In this way, silver can be also incorporated into the human body and accumulated in different organs, which can be toxic or at least an unknown risk to human health. For these reasons, it is important to constantly study materials containing silver nanoparticles, their production, application in products and technical processes, dissemination of silver nanoparticles in the environment, and effects on humans and nature. The state-of-the-art nanoparticle size and concentration characterization are illustrated in an extensive interlaboratory comparison. To guarantee the traceability of measurements and to secure the comparison of results of different analytical methods, reference materials (RM) and certified reference materials (CRM) are essential. As a case study, the objective of the presented project was to provide an aqueous suspension of silver nanoparticles as a reference material with a nominal diameter below 10 nm for application in the determination of the size and concentration of nanoparticles in an aqueous surrounding. Measurands are the particles’ diameter D, size distribution width σ, number density N, and concentration c. Target uncertainties, defined as one sigma of the measurand values, are 5% for D, 10% for σ, 20% for N, and 20% for c. The certification was carried out based on ISO 17867 and the relevant ISO-Guides to produce reference material. The process of using SAXS as a reliable method for testing homogeneity and short-term and long-term stability of the material is reported. The particle preparation is described in detail so that the user can carry out the steps of synthesis and characterization in his own laboratory if required. Optionally, one can also contact the author for the provision of the silver nanoparticles. Detailed information can be found elsewhere (BAM Certification Reports, BAM-N008 (2022)).
Tailor-made nanoparticles are of increasing interest in e.g. catalysis, as sensor materials, analytical assays, or can have superior photophysical properties. A major issue concerning the preparation of high-quality and functional nanoparticles is a good control of particle size, shape, polydispersity, and composition.
Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a non-destructive method for the analysis of nanostructures in a wide variety of materials. This method allows determining averaged structural parameters on a length scale from just above atomic sizes up to several 100 nanometers such as sizes, size distributions, volume fractions, and inner surface sizes. Moreover, anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) exploits the anomalous dispersion of the scattering amplitudes near the X-ray absorption edges of the elements contained in the sample. These element sensitive contrast variations can be used to analyse average composition fluctuations on the nm scale. Two kinds of nanoparticles are chosen here to elaborate the advantages of ASAXS in the analysis of complex materials.
A facile and efficient methodology is developed for the thermal synthesis of size-tunable, stable, and uniform bimetallic NiCu core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) for various application in catalysis. Their diameter can be tuned in a range from 6 nm to 30 nm and the Ni:Cu ratio is adjustable in a wide range from 1:1 to 30:1. The NPs are structurally characterized by a method combination of transmission electron microscopy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we focus on the ASAXS method and its ability to analyses nanostructure parts and their compositions at once. As a result, a NiCu alloyed core surrounded by a Ni enriched shell and an outer NiO shell was found.
Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are well known for their superior photophysical properties and enabled advancements in several key technologies of the 21st century and numerous technological applications like in photovoltaics, LED displays, photocatalysis, and biosensing. To achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and enhanced photostability the QD core needs to be passivated by a second semiconductor, which possess a larger band gap to confine the charges within the QD core. An important parameter is thereby the lattice mismatch between the core and shell. To avoid strong lattice strain, which would alter the photophysical properties, an intermediary shell can be used as a lattice adapter between the core and the outer shell leading to core/shell/shell systems. These systems have shown to possess high PLQYs combined with a strong long-term stability and can be found in modern QLED displays. ASAXS was used here to better understand the core/shell/shell structure of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs to enable a correlation between their structural and photophysical properties.
Current challenges and objectives for non-invasive optical bioimaging are deep tissue penetration, high detection sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution, and fast data acquisition. A promising spectral window to tackle these challenges is the short-wave infrared (SWIR) ranging from 900 nm to 1700 nm where scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence of biological components are strongly reduced compared to the visible/NIR. At present, the best performing SWIR contrast agents are based on nanomaterials containing toxic heavy-metal ions like cadmium or lead, which raises great concerns for biological applications. Promising heavy-metal free nanoscale candidates are gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs). The photoluminescence (PL) of both types of nanomaterials is very sensitive to their size, composition of their surface ligand shell, and element composition, which provides an elegant handle to fine-tune their absorption and emission features and boost thereby the size of the signals recorded in bioimaging studies.
Aiming for the development of SWIR contrast agents with optimum performance, we dived deeper into the photophysical processes occurring in these nanomaterials, thereby exploring in depth how the environment, surface ligand composition, and the incorporation of transition metals influence the optical properties of AuNCs and Ag2S NPs. We observed a strong enhancement of the SWIR emission of AuNCs upon exposure to different local environments (in solution, polymer, and in the solid state). Addition of metal ions such as Zn2+ to Ag2S based NPs led to a strong PL enhancement, yielding PL quantum yields of about 10% and thus making them highly suitable for non-invasive deep imaging of vascular networks and 3D fluid flow mapping.
Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Luminescent Nanocrystals and Particles in the UV/vis/NIR/SWIR
(2023)
The rational design of functional luminescent materials such as semiconductor quantum dots and lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles, all photophysical and mechanistic studies, and the comparison of different emitters require accurate and quantitative photoluminescence measurements. Particularly the reliable determination of the key performance parameter photoluminescence quantum yield (f), the number of emitted per absorbed photons, and the brightness are of special importance for luminescence applications in the life and material sciences and nano(bio)photonics.[1] In this context, examples for absolute measurements of the photoluminescence quantum yields of UV/vis/NIR/SWIR emissive semiconductor quantum dots and rods, made from different materials, and spectrally shifting lanthanide upconversion nanocrystals with different surface chemistries in transparent matrices are presented including excitation wavelength and power density dependent studies utilizing integration sphere spectroscopy.[2,3] In addition, procedures for the absolute determination of the photoluminescence quantum yields of scattering dispersions of larger size quantum rods and differently sized inorganic particles have been developed as well as procedures for the characterization of solid luminescent nanomaterials such as different perovskites and YAG:Cer converter materials.[4] Thereby, challenges and pitfalls of f measurements in different wavelength regions including the SWIR and material-specific effects related to certain emitter classes are addressed, achievable uncertainties are quantified, and relative and absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yield measurements are compared to underline limitations of the former approach. Finally, a set of novel UV/vis/NIR quantum yield standards is presented including their certification with a complete uncertainty budget.[5]
Aqueous Dispersions of Polypropylene: Toward Reference Materials for Characterizing Nanoplastics
(2023)
Microplastics and nanoplastics pollute the natural environment all over the world, but the full extent of the hazards posed by this waste is unclear. While research on microplastics is well advanced, little work has been done on nanoplastics. This discrepancy is mainly due to the lacking ability to detect nanoplastics in biologically and environmentally relevant matrices. Nanoplastics reference materials can help the development of suitable methods for identifying and quantifying nanoplastics in nature. The aim is to synthesize nanoplastics made from one of the most commonly used plastics, namely polypropylene. An easy way to produce long-term stable aqueous dispersions of polypropylene nanoparticles (nano polypropylene) is reported. The nanoplastic particles, prepared by mechanical breakdown, show a mean hydrodynamic diameter of D h = 180.5 ± 5.8 nm and a polydispersity index of PDI = 0.084 ± 0.02. No surfactant is needed to obtain dispersion which is stable for more than 6 months. The colloidal stability of the surfactant-free nano polypropylene dispersions is explained by their low zeta potential of 𝜻 = −43 ± 2 mV.
Noble metal-free nanoparticles (NPs) based on multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) were synthesized using a one-step pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLALs) method for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Laser ablation was performed in pure water or poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-containing an aqueous solution of Al8Cr17Co17Cu8Fe17Ni33 MPEA targets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping were used to characterize the structure and composition of the laser-generated MPEA nanoparticles (MPEA-NPs). These results confirmed the presence of a characteristic elemental distribution of a core-shell phase structure as the predominant NP species. The electrocatalytic performance of the laser-generated MPEA-NPs was characterized by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) demonstrating an enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 activity for PDADMAC-stabilized NPs. The findings of these investigations indicate that MPEAs have great potential to replace conventional, expensive noble metal electrocatalysts.
AbstractWe report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long‐term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2O) with the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. A three‐stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz‐Slyozov‐Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters.
Gold-based nanoparticles below 2 nm in size are promising as luminescent probes for in vivo bioimaging, owing to their brightness and rapid renal clearance. However, their use as contrast agents in the near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) range remains challenging due to their low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. To address this, PL enhancement can be achieved by either rigidifying the ligand-shell structure or increasing the size of the ligand shell. In this study, we synthesized ultra-small gold nanoparticles stabilized by co-ligands, namely monothiol and short dithiol molecules. By precisely controlling the amount of reducing agent used during particle preparation, we successfully modulated the physicochemical properties of the co-ligand shell, including its size, composition, and structure. Consequently, we achieved a remarkable 60-fold increase in the absorption cross-section at 990 nm while maintaining the small size of the 1.5-nm metal core. The analytical and optical characterization of our thiol-capped gold nanoparticles indicates that the ligand shell size is governed by the quantity of the reducing agent, which, in turn, impacts the balance between radiative and non-radiative processes, thereby influencing the PL quantum yield.
Al3(Sc,Zr,Ti) nanoparticles with an ideal twin-type orientation relationship to Al host matrix were found in cold-rolled and subsequently annealed Al-based alloy. Atomic-scale investigations using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identified particles that form prominent coherent (111) twin-type interfaces along their longer facets and semi-coherent twin interfaces on their shorter facets. Ab-initio calculations showed that a coherent Al/Al3Sc twin-like phase boundary corresponds to a local energy minimum. A model is proposed explaining the formation of the twin orientation relationship of an Al3Sc nanoparticle with the Al host matrix.
Superparamagnetic hybrid polystyrene-core silica-shell beads have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional in flow cytometry-based competitive antibody assays [1]. These materials consist of a polystyrene core and a silica shell, in which magnetic nanoparticles are embedded, facilitating the handling and retention in tests. The outer silica surface allows for easy modification through silane chemistry, allowing the attachment of antibodies, or other molecules of interest. Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that can be found in grain products, coffee, cacao, or grapes, was chosen as the main target analyte to detect [2]. In this study, previously in house produced anti-OTA antibodies [3] were attached to the surface of the particles and the whole system was used as detection entity. In a first approach, the system was used for the development of a competitive cytometry assay using an OTA-fluorescein (OTA-F) adduct as competitor and marker. In this assay the fluorescence emitted by the OTA-F competitor on the surface of the particle was detected at a wavelength of 518 nm using a 533/30.H filter and was correlated to the forward scatter (FSC) to distinguish it from the excess of competitor still in solution. Under optimised conditions, the final assay showed a limit of detection of 0.03 nM. In a second approach, a simplified ready-to-inject fluidic system was built based on a laser (488 nm) and a photomultiplier detector to measure the signal of competitor still in solution. The competition step was carried out in a vial and the whole mixture was injected into the fluidic system. To avoid signal scattering, the particles were separated in-line using a magnet and only the OTA-F competitor still in solution was detected, reaching a limit of detection of 1.2 nM. With the aim to reduce user manipulation, the final assay is still under development for in-line incubation during the competitive step.
Inorganic nanocrystals with linear and nonlinear luminescence in the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared and short-wave infrared like semiconductor quantum dots and spectrally shifting lanthanide-based nanophosphors have meanwhile found applications in the life and material sciences ranging from optical reporters for bioimaging and sensing over security barcodes to solid state lighting and photovoltaics. These nanomaterials commonly have increasingly sophisticated core/shell particle architectures with shells of different chemical composition and thickness to minimize radiationless deactivation at the particle surface that is usually the main energy loss mechanism [1]. For lanthanide-based spectral shifters, particularly for very small nanoparticles, also surface coatings are needed which protect near-surface lanthanide ions from luminescence quenching by high energy vibrators like O-H groups and prevent the disintegration of these nanoparticles under high dilution conditions. [2,3,4]. The identification of optimum particle structures requires quantitative spectroscopic studies focusing on the key performance parameter photoluminescence quantum yield [5,6], ideally flanked by single particle studies to assess spectroscopic inhomogeneities on a particle-to-particle level for typical preparation methods [7,8], Moreover, in the case of upconversion nanoparticles with a multi-photonic and hence, excitation power density (P)-dependent luminescence, quantitative luminescence studies over a broad P range are required to identify particle architectures that are best suited for applications in fluorescence assays up to fluorescence microscopy. Here, we present methods to quantify the photoluminescence of these different types of emitters in the vis/NIR/SWIR and as function of P and demonstrate the importance of such measurements for a profound mechanistic understanding of the nonradiative deactivation pathways in semiconductor and upconversion nanocrystals of different size and particle architecture in different environments.
The surface chemistry of nanomaterials controls their interaction with the environment and biological species and their fate and is hence also relevant for their potential toxicity. This has meanwhile led to an increasing interest in validated and preferably standardized methods for the determination and quantification of surface functionalities on nanomaterials and initiated different standardization projects within ISO/TC 229 and IEC/TC 113 as well as interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) of different analytical methods for the quantification of surface coatings by OECD. Here we present the results of a first ILC on the quantification of the amount of amino functionalities on differently sized inorganic nanoparticles done by division Biophotonics and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the PWI 19257 on the Characterization and Quantification of Surface Functional Groups and Coatings on Nanoobjects approved by ISO/TC 229 (WG2) in fall 2022 that will result in a VAMAS study on this topic organized by division Biophotonics. Key words: nanoparticles, surface analysis, surface functional groups, quantification, optical assay, qNMR, VAMAS, standardization, ICL, quality assurance, reference material.
The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(2-vinylpiridine) on silicon oxide is studied using a leaching technique which is based on the Guiselin brushes approach. The adsorbed layer is grown from a 200 nm thick P2VP film for several annealing time periods at different annealing temperatures. Then the film is solvent-leached, and the height of the remaining adsorbed layer is measured by atomic force microscopy. At the lowest annealing temperature only a linear growth regime is observed, followed by a plateau. Here, the molecular mobility of segments is too low to allow for a logarithmic growth. At higher annealing temperatures, both linear and logarithmic growth regimes are observed, followed by a plateau. At even higher annealing temperatures, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer changes.
A linear growth followed by logarithmic growth kinetics is observed for short annealing time periods. For longer annealing time periods, an upturn of the growth kinetics is observed. At the highest annealing temperature, only a logarithmic growth regime is found. The change in the growth kinetics is discussed by an alteration in the structure of the adsorbed layer. Moreover, the interaction between the polymer segments and the substrate becomes weaker due to both enthalpic and entropic effects. Therefore, at high annealing temperatures the polymer segments might more easily desorb from the substrate.
Im Vortrag werden das Messprinzip einer Photozentrifuge erläutert und die Anforderungen der zugrundeliegenden Normen diskutiert. Die praktische Durchführung der Messung und insbesondere auch die vorbereitenden Arbeiten, sowie die Auswertung der Rohdaten bilden den Schwerpunkt des Vortrags. Gezeigt werden auch die Validierung sowie ein Beispiel zur regelmäßigen Verifizierung des Verfahrens. Nach Anwendungsbeispielen und Vergleichen zu Ergebnissen mit anderen Messverfahren, wird das Verfahren in einer Zusammenfassung bewertet.
This talk introduces the expanded view that comes from wide-range X-ray scattering investigations.
Compared to X-ray diffraction studies alone, the additional angular range of this technique provides information on the larger structural dimensions present in your samples. This allows for the extraction of information on the size and size distribution of nanostructural components, such as nanoparticles, nanovoids, and any other structure exhibiting an electron density contrast.
The talk introduces the technique, the MOUSE instrument used for these investigations, and provides several real-world examples of its uses. The audience is invited to choose which examples captures their interest from a range of options, in the latter segment of the talk.
Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon and can be generated in a contactless, single-step process on almost any type of solid upon irradiation with intense laser pulses. They represent a (quasi-)periodic modulation of the surface topography in the form of a linear grating and are typically formed in a “self-ordered” way in the focus of a laser beam. Thus, they are often accompanying laser material processing applications. The structural sizes of LIPSS typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers – far beyond the optical diffraction limit – while their orientations exhibit a clear correlation with the local polarization direction of the laser radiation.
From a theoretical point of view, a controversial debate has emerged during the last decades, whether LIPSS originate from electromagnetic effects (seeded already during the laser irradiation) – or whether they emerge from matter-reorganization processes (distinctly after the laser irradiation). From a practical point of view, however, LIPSS represent a simple and robust way for the nanostructuring of solids that allows creating a wide range of different surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, tribology, medicine, energy technologies, etc.
This presentation reviews the currently existent theories of LIPSS. A focus is laid on the historic development of the fundamental ideas behind the LIPSS, their corresponding mathematical descriptions and numerical implementations, along with a comparison and critical assessment of the different approaches.
Fourth generation light sources, namely short wavelength, short pulse free electron lasers (FELs) are offering new and fascinating possibilities to resolve laser-induced structure formation at surfaces on the sub-micrometer to nanometer length scale and in temporal regimes ranging from picoseconds to several nanoseconds with sub-picosecond resolution. This unique spatio-temporal resolution allows to reveal early signatures of coherent/plasmonic electromagnetic scattering effects followed by the excitation of hydrodynamic capillary waves – providing new insights to the above-mentioned debate.
Finally, some unsolved scientific problems related to LIPSS are identified and the pending technological limitations are discussed. While the currently available laser and scanner technology already allows large area surface processing with rates at the m2/min level, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes limited by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry. This typically manifests in difficulties to control the processing of LIPSS and in limitations to ensure the long-term stability of the created surface functions. Strategies for overcoming such limitations are outlined.
This study was carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature during a welding process. A theoretical description that includes the Debye-Waller factor was used to describe the temperature influence on the neutron crosssections. Neutron imaging using a monochromatic beam helps to observe transmission variations related to the material temperature. In-situ neutron imaging of welding experiments show the distribution of the temperature in bulk steel samples. The performed finite element modelling of expected temperature distributions shows good agreement with the obtained experimental data.
In this article, a partial selection of experiments on enhancing the impact resistance of structural components with non-metallic, textile-reinforced concrete is discussed. The focus is on the experimental investigations in which the impact resistance of thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is characterized. The article discusses the materials, fabrics and test setup used. For the experimental work, a drop tower from the Otto Mohr Laboratory, which belongs to the Technische Universtät Dresden, was used. Furthermore, the experimental results are presented and evaluated using different methods. Based on the collected data, a suitable approach to determining the perforation velocity of an impactor through the investigated thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is shown.
The performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces was investigated in lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTT). Special emphasis was laid on the effect of surface nanostructures in area of contact on the respective friction and wear behaviour. These so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) were produced on the titanium alloy surface upon scan processing in air by an ultrashort pulsed femtosecond (fs) laser. As lubricant served two types of base oils, a pure polyalcylene-glycol, and an SAE 0W30 oil containing only antioxidants and temperature stabilizers. Tribological tests were carried out on polished as well as LIPSS covered areas using both types of base oil. A test metrics was established, combining the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zincdithiophosphate (ZDDP) or the ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14] [DEHP] (98% purity) with the respective base oils. The test metrics also considered the orientation of motion with respect to the orientation of the structures formed on the surface. Results are presented which show that the interplay between LIPSS and the local chemistry formed by the respective additives is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of the titanium alloy. Certain combinations of base oil, additive and LIPSS reduced friction and wear significantly in the tribological contact.
The performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces was investigated in lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTT). Special emphasis was laid on the effect of surface nanostructures in area of contact on the respective friction and wear behaviour. These so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) were produced on the titanium alloy surface upon scan processing in air by an ultrashort pulsed femtosecond (fs) laser. As lubricant served two types of base oils, a pure polyalcylene-glycol, and an SAE 0W30 oil containing only antioxidants and temperature stabilizers. Tribological tests were carried out on polished as well as LIPSS covered areas using both types of base oil. A test metrics was established, combining the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zincdithiophosphate (ZDDP) or the ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14] [DEHP] (98% purity) with the respective base oils. The test metrics also considered the orientation of motion with respect to the orientation of the structures formed on the surface. Results are presented which show that the interplay between LIPSS and the local chemistry formed by the respective additives is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of the titanium alloy. Certain combinations of base oil, additive and LIPSS reduced friction and wear significantly in the tribological contact.
The obvious benefits derived from the increasing use of engineered nano-, new, and advanced materials and associated products have to be weighed out by a governance process against their possible risks. Differences in risk perception (beliefs about potential harm) among stakeholders, in particular nonscientists, and low transparency of the underlying decision processes can lead to a lack of support and acceptance of nano-, new, and other advanced material enabled products. To integrate scientific outcomes with stakeholders needs, this work develops a new approach comprising a nine-level, stepwise categorization and guidance system entitled “Knowledge, Information, and Data Readiness Levels” (KaRLs), analogous to the NASA Technology Readiness Levels. The KaRL system assesses the type, extent, and usability of the available data, information, and knowledge and integrates the participation of relevant and interested stakeholders in a cocreation/codesign process to improve current risk assessment, communication, and governance. The novelty of the new system is to communicate and share all available and relevant elements on material related risks in a user/stakeholder-friendly, transparent, flexible, and holistic way and so stimulate reflection, awareness, communication, and a deeper understanding that ultimately enables the discursive process that is needed for the sustainable risk governance of new materials.
SASfit 0.94.12
(2023)
Small-angle scattering is an increasingly common method for characterizing particle ensembles in a wide variety of sample types and for diverse areas of application. SASfit has been one of the most comprehensive and flexible curve-fitting programs for decades, with many specialized tools for various fields.
In this study, a wound dressing composed of an alginate dialdehyde−gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogel incorporated by astaxanthin (ASX) and 70B (70:30 B2O3/CaO in mol %) borate bioactive glass (BBG) microparticles was developed through 3D printing. ASX and BBG particles sti.ened the composite hydrogel construct and delayed its in vitro degradation compared to the pristine hydrogel construct, mainly due to their cross-linking role, likely arising from hydrogen bonding between the ASX/BBG particles and ADA-GEL chains. Additionally, the composite hydrogel construct could hold and deliver ASX steadily. The composite hydrogel constructs codelivered biologically active ions (Ca and B) and ASX, which should lead to a faster, more e.ective wound-healing process. As shown through in vitro tests, the ASX-containing composite hydrogel promoted fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cell adhesion, proliferation, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, as well as keratinocyte (HaCaT) migration, thanks to the antioxidant activity of ASX, the release of cell-supportive Ca2+ and B3+ ions, and the biocompatibility of ADA-GEL. Taken together, the results show that the ADA-GEL/BBG/ASX composite is an attractive biomaterial to develop multipurposed wound-healing constructs through 3D printing.
After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap.
In the current study, we investigate an interaction under high-pressure high-temperature of single phase fcc-, hcp- and bcc-structured high-entropy alloys with hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen to obtain high-entropy hydrides, carbides and nitrides. Structural changes in high-entropy alloys upon compression and heating in the presence of these light elements are in the focus of our investigation. An easy route to high-entropy hydrides, carbides and nitrides will open new synthetic horizons in compositionally complex materials. Our study suggests that high-entropy alloys form high- entropy hydrides mainly with a composition close to M:H 1:1 ratio. Hydrides can be obtained under compression with hydrogen as a pressure compression medium or using hydrogen fluid as reactive agent.
Optical pH sensors utilizing colorimetric or fluorescent indicator dyes are highly promising in many biomedical and life science applications where electrochemical sensors fail. For instance, optical sensors are not prone to electrical interferences, they are noninvasive and enable remote measurements. Moreover, fluorescence detection is very fast, highly sensitive, and provides several readout parameters ideal for multiplexing with nanometer resolution using simple, inexpensive, and miniaturizable instrumentation. Here, we present the design of a dyad sensor molecule, consisting of an analyte-responsive and an analyte inert reference fluorophore.
In recent years, the demand for reliable, versatile, fluorescent pH and oxygen sensors has increased rapidly in many biomedical applications since these analytes are important indicators of cell function or certain diseases. Therefore, sensor particles are needed that are small enough to penetrate cells, non-toxic, and allow for close-up optical monitoring. When developing such sensor systems, one must consider the pH and oxygen range detectable by the sensor dye and the matrix material of the used carrier particles. Here, we present the development of pH- and oxygen-responsive polymeric beads functionalized with fluorescent dyad molecules that consist of an analyte-responsive fluorophore and an analyte-inert dye.
At present, the field of research on nanostructures is actively developing, which is due to their unique physico-chemical properties compared to bulk materials. Many research activities are focused on obtaining nanocomposites, which combine various types of nanostructures with different properties and function. For example, the development of magneto-luminescent nanocomposites makes it possible to use their luminescence for optical imaging, and their magnetic properties for magnetic targeted delivery and as agents of hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging.
My master studies as part of the project Goszadanie 2019-1080 at ITMO were focused on the investigation of nanocomposites, consisting of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as luminescent component and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as magnetic one, in solution and during their incubation with HeLa cells. The spectrally resolved analysis of the QD photoluminescence (PL) kinetics of the free QDs and the QDs incorporated in these nanocomposites undergoing energy transfer processes allowed for (1) understanding the reasons for the quenching of QD luminescence in cells, (2) evaluating the average distance between the QDs and, based on this, concluding the degree of QD aggregation in cells, and (3) drawing conclusions about the QD-quencher composites integrity in cells. Overall, the analysis of the PL kinetics confirmed that QDs and SPIONs remain bound in the obtained nanocomposites during incubation with cells.
To ensure the successful advancement of nanomaterials in biomedicine and the transition from their laboratory preparation and studies to their use in different applications and in industry, it is crucial to develop reliable measurement methods and reference materials candidates for the characterization of functional nanomaterials and assessing the quality of the obtained nanostructures. My recently started project at BAM, which is part of the EU metrology project MeTrINo, will be devoted to this topic. There we will focus on the development of methodologies for the synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, already used in biomedicine, and multi-element lanthanide-based nanoparticles with attractive upconversion luminescence, as reference materials with high monodispersity and reproducibility. Also, these nanoparticles will be functionalized with organic dyes for optical imaging and, probably, the study of the energy transfer phenomena.
In recent years, chromium (III) complexes have received a lot of attention as novel near-infrared (NIR) emitters. This interest was triggered by the report on the first molecular ruby Cr(ddpd)2(BF4)3 with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 13.7% of its near infrared (NIR) emission band and a long luminescence lifetime of 1.122 ms at room temperature. Meanwhile, the influence of triplet oxygen, temperature, and pressure on the optical properties of different molecular rubies have been assessed. These features make these molecular rubies promising candidates for multi-analyte optical sensing applications and the generation of singlet oxygen for photocatalysis and photodynamic therapy. However, in an oxygen-containing environment, the photoluminescence quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes of these chromium(III) complexes show only very small values. This hampers their application as NIR luminescence labels. This application, that cannot be tackled by conventional deoxygenating approaches, requires suitable strategies to protect the luminescence of the chromium(III) complexes from oxygen quenching. Typical approaches to reduce the oxygen sensitivity of long-lived luminophores include the encapsulation into an oxygen-shielding matrix or less commonly employed, by tuning the bulkiness of the ligands for oxygen-sensitive coordination compounds. An elegant approach to reduce the undesired luminescence quenching by triplet oxygen explored by us presents the incorporation of these chromium(III) complexes into amorphous, non-porous silica nanoparticles, that can be simply surface functionalized, e.g., with targeting ligands and/or other sensor molecules. This can enable the use of such chromium(III) complexes as reporters for bioanalytical assays and bioimaging without the need to introduce reactive groups into the ligands and can pave the road to lifetime tuning.
In this work, as first proof-of-concept experiments, a set of chromium (III) complexes constituting of different ligands and counter anions, were embedded into the core of silica nanoparticles. As an alternative synthesis strategy, selected complexes were incorporated into a silica shell formed around the core of self-made silica nanoparticles. Subsequently, the optical properties of the resulting luminescent silica nanoparticles were spectroscopically assessed by steady state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. First results of time-resolved luminescence measurements of the Cr(ddpd)2(PF6)3 complex incorporated into 25nm large silica nanoparticles dispersed in aerated water in comparison to the decay kinetics obtained for this complex in acetonitrile in air showed an increase in lifetime from 46 µs to 1147 µs. This confirming our design concept of nanoscale NIR emissive Cr(III) reporters.
Quantitative Microstructural Analysis - VAMAS TWA 37 & Liaison with ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis
(2023)
The progress in activities on Microbeam Analysis under VAMAS/TWA 37 is reviewed. Particularly the liaison with the new projects within the ISO technical committee TC 202 is presented and discussed with respect to the identification and launching corresponding VAMAS projects. The ongoing project "FIB sample processing for TEM" is presented in detail.
Regional standardisation activities and how VAMAS can help in any way to promote activities are reported.
Activities related to organisational updates, government initiatives/priorities (especially related to Materials), details of any strategy documents publicly available, networks within Germany and how we engage are presented.