Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2019 (136) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (136)
Referierte Publikation
- ja (136) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (8)
- Flame retardant (4)
- Mechanochemistry (4)
- Nanoparticles (4)
- Corrosion (3)
- Energy label (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Atomic force microscopy (2)
- BODIPY (2)
- Boehmite (2)
- Carbon steel (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Characterization (2)
- Concrete (2)
- DNA origami (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Distributed vibration sensing (2)
- Dual sensing (2)
- EPDM (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Energy transfer (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Explicit dynamics (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Gadolinium (2)
- Hyperbranched (2)
- Impact simulation (2)
- In situ (2)
- Indium phosphide (2)
- Interphase (2)
- Isogeometric analysis (2)
- Lifetime (2)
- Lipidomic profile (2)
- MALDI-TOF MS (2)
- Metabolic stress (2)
- Nanomaterial (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Polylactide (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Reinforced concrete (2)
- SAXS (2)
- Scattering (2)
- Sensitization (2)
- Sensor (2)
- Small-angle scattering (2)
- Synthesis (2)
- ToF-SIMS (2)
- Tumor metabolism (2)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- 3D inspection (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- AISI 304L (1)
- Adulteration (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Aerial robot olfaction (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air conditioner (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Alkali-activated materials (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Aluminum diethylphosphinate (1)
- Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) (1)
- Amorphous carbon (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antifouling surface (1)
- Array (1)
- Artificial neural network (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Automated Modal Analysis for Tracking Structural Change during Construction and Operation Phases (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- BODIPYs (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bead injections (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (1)
- Benzin (1)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (1)
- Binder (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodegradable (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biopolymer (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Blade (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C-OTDR (1)
- CCUS (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 separation membranes (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- CONSENS (1)
- Calcined clay (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Catalyst (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Cement hydration (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chunky graphite (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Cleridae (1)
- Co (1)
- Cobaloxime complex (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Coda wave interferometry (1)
- Coherent optical time domain reflectometry (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Composites (1)
- Compression set (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Condensate (1)
- Condition monitoring (1)
- Cone calorimeter (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Coputed tomography (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (1)
- Core−shell particles (1)
- Corresponding relative humidity (1)
- Corrosion monitoring (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Cracks (1)
- Cross-linking (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Crystalline cones (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Cyclic (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Cyclization (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- DFA (1)
- DFG SPP 2005 (1)
- DFT (1)
- DLO (1)
- DMA (1)
- DPA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DTGS (1)
- DVS (1)
- Damage detection (1)
- Dampfdruck (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Decision support (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Delta value (1)
- Dendritic (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide (1)
- Dielectric breakdown (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Disposal (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Distributed humidity sensing (1)
- Distributed sensing (1)
- Distributed strain sensing (1)
- Distributed temperature gradient sensing (1)
- Distributed vibrations sensing (DVS) (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Dual phase steel (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dynamic test method (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early oxidation (1)
- Early sulfidation (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Electro-fused zirconia (1)
- Electrochemical characterisation (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electromagnetic stirring (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Embedded sensors (1)
- Energetic Materials (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Europium (1)
- Exchange interaction (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excimers (1)
- Expert system (1)
- FSDC (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fe (1)
- Femtosecond laser (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron (1)
- Ferritic steels (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Ferumoxytol (1)
- Fiber optic sensors (1)
- Fiber optics sensors (1)
- Fiber structuring (1)
- Fiber-optic sensing (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Fiberoptic sensors (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Fire test (1)
- Flame retardance (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Foams (1)
- Food (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Formation (1)
- Friction (1)
- Fs-inscription (1)
- Full penetration (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (1)
- Gas explosion (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas tomography (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genotoxicity testing (1)
- Geology (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Giant magnetoresistance (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene Oxide (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Grout (1)
- HNBR (1)
- HTS (1)
- Hardmetal (1)
- Heat pump (1)
- Herbaspirillum seropedicae (1)
- High-voltage testing (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Hybrid laser-arc welding (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrolysis (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Icing conditions (1)
- Illite (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Impurities (1)
- In-situ testing (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indenter modulus (1)
- Independent test method (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Inverse analysis (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (1)
- Isotope ratio (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Issues (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LL equation (1)
- LLG (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Laboratory breeding (1)
- Lache (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser beam melting (1)
- Laser beam welding (1)
- Laser welding (1)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Layers (1)
- Leak-tightness (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (1)
- Localised corrosion (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MOF (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic moment (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetic sensors (1)
- Magnetic thin films (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Manuscripts (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (1)
- Mechanical property (1)
- Melamine cyanurate (1)
- Melamine polyphosphate (1)
- Mesofluidics (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal–organic frameworks (1)
- Metathesis (1)
- Method (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microcracking (1)
- Microfine Cement (1)
- Micromagnetism (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Minimum energy performance standards (1)
- Mix-design (1)
- Mixed surface (1)
- Mobile robot olfaction (1)
- Model (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular sieves (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Mortar method (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- NIR (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR dyes (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocomposite (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanomechanics (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Natural (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Ni (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-invasive analysis (1)
- Nosema ceranae (1)
- OOMMF (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- Optical fiber sensor (1)
- Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Origami (1)
- Oscillating magnetic field (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxygen permability (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- P92 (1)
- Parabolic flight (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Peptide library (1)
- Performance (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase-sensitive (1)
- Phospha-Michael addition (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Physical relaxation (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Pipeline integrity (1)
- Pitting corrosion (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plume (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Polycarbonate (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyimide-coated optical fibers (1)
- Polyisocyanurate (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polyphosphoester (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Porous building materials (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Probe (1)
- Properties (1)
- Ptinidae (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative moisture measurement (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- RFID based sensors (1)
- Radiation protection (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rapid mass calorimeter (1)
- Real time measurement (1)
- Real use behavior (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Real-time process monitoring (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Residual stress (1)
- Resistance spot welding (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Reverse glass painting (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rice (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Rosin (1)
- Rubber (1)
- SDC (1)
- SEM (1)
- SERS (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salts (1)
- Samarium doped ceria (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (1)
- Scavenging effect of iron (1)
- Scission (1)
- Screening (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Seal failure (1)
- Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (1)
- Seasonal performance factor (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Shrinkage Reducing Admixture (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single molecule (1)
- Single-source precursors (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Soil (1)
- Solid state NMR (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Spectral elements (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spill evaporation (1)
- Spin (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stimulated Brillouin scattering (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Stretchable electronics (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Struvite (1)
- Sub-oxide (1)
- Sulfide sensing (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Superplasticizer (1)
- Supplementary Cementitious Materials (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) (1)
- Synergy (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TFA (1)
- Target (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temple Scroll (1)
- Test strips (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thick materials (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin magnetic films (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Transformation product (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (1)
- Tumble dryer (1)
- UV Vis (1)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (1)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Value of action analysis (1)
- Variable frequency drive (1)
- Verdampfung (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Water (1)
- Water transport (1)
- Wear (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Wind turbine (1)
- Windgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- Work function (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (XCT) (1)
- X-ray reflectivity (1)
- XPS (1)
- XRD (1)
- XRF (1)
- Yb(III) complex (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- mortar method (1)
- qPCR (1)
- spectral elements (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- µ-gravity (1)
- γ-H2AX assay (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (43)
- 6 Materialchemie (34)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (18)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (17)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (13)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (12)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (12)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (11)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (11)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (9)
The current trend for future flame retardants (FRs) goes to novel efficient halogen-free materials, due to the ban of several halogenated FRs. Among the most promising alternatives are phosphorus-based FRs, and of those, polymeric materials with complex shape have been recently reported. Herein, we present novel halogen-free aromatic and aliphatic hyperbranched polyphosphoesters (hbPPEs), which were synthesized by olefin Metathesis polymerization and investigated them as a FR in epoxy resins. We compare their efficiency (aliphatic vs. aromatic) and further assess the differences between the monomeric compounds and the hbPPEs. The decomposition and vaporizing behavior of a compound is an important factor in its flame-retardant behavior, but also the interaction with the pyrolyzing matrix has a significant influence on the performance. Therefore, the challenge in designing a FR is to optimize the chemical structure and its decomposition pathway to the matrix, with regards to time and temperature. This behavior becomes obvious in this study, and explains the superior gas phase activity of the aliphatic FRs.
A series of new flame retardants (FR) based on dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide (BPPO) incorporating acrylates and benzoquinone were developed previously. In this study, we examine the fire behavior of the new flame retardants in polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. The foam characteristics, thermal decomposition, and fire behavior are investigated. The fire properties of the foams containing BPPO-based derivatives were found to depend on the chemical structure of the substituents. We also compare our results to state-of-the-art non-halogenated FR such as triphenylphosphate and chemically similar phosphinate, i.e. 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), based derivatives to discuss the role of the phosphorus oxidation state.
First phosphorus AB2 monomer for flame-retardant hyperbranched polyphosphoesters: AB2vs. A2 + B3
(2019)
Branched polymers are an important class of polymers with a high number of terminal groups, lower viscosity compared to their linear analogs and higher miscibility, which makes them especially interesting for flame retardant applications, where the flame retardants (FR) are blended with another polymer matrix. Hyperbranched polyphosphoesters (hbPPEs) are gaining more and more interest in the field of flame retardancy, as low molar mass FRs often have the disadvantage of blooming out or leaching, which is not desired in consumer products. Here, we present the first phosphorus-based AB2 monomer for the synthesis of hbPPEs and assess its flame-retardant performance in an epoxy resin compared to a hbPPE synthesized by an A2 + B3 approach. The hbPPE synthesized from an AB2 monomer exhibited a slightly higher performance compared to a similar hbPPE, which was prepared by A2 + B3 polyaddition, probably due to its higher phosphorus content.
Dielectric strength testing of ceramics can be performed with various setups and parameters. Comparisons of results from different sources are often not meaningful, because the results are strongly dependent on the actual testing procedure. The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of voltage ramp rate, electrode size, electrode conditioning, and sample thickness on the measured AC dielectric strength of a commercial alumina. Mean values, Weibull moduli, and failure probabilities determined in standardized short time tests are evaluated and related to withstand voltage tests. Dielectric strength values in the range from 21.6 to 33.2 kV/mm were obtained for the same material using different testing procedures. Short time tests resulted in small standard deviations (< 2 kV/mm) and high Weibull moduli around 30, while withstand tests at voltage levels with low and virtual zero failure probability in short time tests resulted in large scatter of withstand time and Weibull moduli < 1. The strong decrease in Weibull moduli is attributed to progressive damage from partial discharge and depolarization during AC testing. These findings emphasize the necessity of a thorough documentation of testing procedure and highlight the importance of withstand voltage tests for a comprehensive material characterization.
Natural keratin fibres derived from Mexican tannery waste and coconut fibres from coconut processing waste were used as fillers in commercially available, biodegradable thermoplastic starch-polyester blend to obtain sustainable biocomposites. The morphology, rheological and mechanical properties as well as pyrolysis, flammability and forced flaming combustion behaviour of those biocomposites were investigated. In order to open up new application areas for these kinds of biocomposites, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was added as a flame retardant. Extensive flammability and cone calorimeter studies revealed a good flame retardance effect with natural fibres alone and improved effectiveness with the addition of APP. In fact, it was shown that replacing 20 of 30 wt. % of APP with keratin fibres achieved the same effectiveness. In the case of coconut fibres, a synergistic effect led to an even lower heat release rate
and total heat evolved due to reinforced char residue. This was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy of the char structure. All in all, these results constitute a good approach towards sustainable and biodegradable fibre reinforced biocomposites with improved flame retardant properties.
The multicomponent flame retardant system of melamine polyphosphate (MPP), melamine cyanurate (MC) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) is proposed and investigated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The synergy between those additives and the resulting superior fire performance are discussed. Systematically varied sets of flame retarded TPU with various MPP/MC/AlPi ratios were investigated in terms of fire behavior, pyrolysis products and mechanical properties. The total amount of the additives was always 30 wt.-%. Further, the influence of various AlPi concentrations was investigated. The optimal MPP:MC ratio was determined while keeping the amount of AlPi constant. The combination of 8 wt.-% MPP, 12 wt.-% MC and 10 wt.-% is proposed as the most promising halogen free flame retardant formulation for TPU, because it yielded a reduction in PHRR from 2660 kW/m2 (TPU) to 452 kW/m2 and enabled V-0 classification in the UL 94 test. Combinations of MPP and MC as well a high concentration of AlPi are beneficial for the mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and elongation at break of the formulations and could be a strong competitor to commercial flame retarded TPUs.