Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (434) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (432)
- Deutsch (1)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- SAXS (37)
- MALDI-TOF MS (33)
- Polylactide (28)
- Nanoparticles (26)
- Mechanochemistry (22)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (21)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (16)
- X-ray scattering (10)
- Electron microscopy (9)
- Nanoparticle (9)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (9)
- XPS (9)
- Catalysis (8)
- Scattering (8)
- Crystallization (7)
- In situ (7)
- Microplastics (7)
- Radiation protection (7)
- Synchrotron (7)
- Corrosion (6)
- Cyclization (6)
- Electrochemistry (6)
- Femtosecond laser (6)
- MOUSE (6)
- Nanomaterials (6)
- Surface functionalization (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- Automation (5)
- Catalyst (5)
- DFT (5)
- DNA (5)
- Density functional theory (5)
- Ectoine (5)
- Laser processing (5)
- Polycondensation (5)
- Polymers (5)
- Reference material (5)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (5)
- Ring-opening polymerization (5)
- Simulation (5)
- Struvite (5)
- Synthesis (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- XRD (5)
- AFM (4)
- Additive manufacturing (4)
- BAMline (4)
- Crystalinity (4)
- Diffraction (4)
- Dosimetry (4)
- Hydrogen (4)
- MALDI TOF MS (4)
- Mechanical properties (4)
- Microplastic (4)
- Polyglycerol (4)
- Polymerization (4)
- Radiation damage (4)
- Sample preparation (4)
- Small-angle scattering (4)
- ToF-SIMS (4)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (4)
- XANES (4)
- Aging (3)
- Amyloid (3)
- Atomic force microscopy (3)
- Biofilms (3)
- C-F bond activation (3)
- Classification (3)
- Crystals (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Direct laser writing (3)
- Ectoin (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Energetic materials (3)
- Flexible crystals (3)
- Fluorescence (3)
- Friction (3)
- Geant4 (3)
- Geant4-DNA (3)
- General Chemistry (3)
- Graphene oxide (3)
- High entropy alloy (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Laser ablation (3)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (3)
- MOF (3)
- Microdosimetry (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- Nano (3)
- Nanocomposite (3)
- Nanocomposites (3)
- Nanomaterial (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Phonons (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polymer (3)
- Quantification (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Radical scavenger (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- SEM (3)
- SSB (3)
- Silver nanoparticles (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Steel (3)
- Surface chemistry (3)
- Synchrotron radiation (3)
- Thin films (3)
- Titanium dioxide (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transesterification (3)
- Tribology (3)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (3)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- AISI 304L (2)
- Ab initio (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (2)
- Advanced materials (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Alkali-activated materials (2)
- Amphiphilicity (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Atomistic models (2)
- Au (2)
- AuNP (2)
- Automated synthesis (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial attachment (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Beta decay (2)
- Bio-SAXS (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Boehmite (2)
- Bonding Analysis (2)
- Brachytherapy (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Cement hydration (2)
- Ceramics and Composites (2)
- Clustered nanoparticles (2)
- Coatings and Films (2)
- Cocrystal (2)
- Composites (2)
- Core-shell (2)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (2)
- Cosolute (2)
- Cyclic (2)
- DFT calculation (2)
- DMSO (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Defects (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Encapsulation (2)
- Energy deposit (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (2)
- Femtosecond laser processing (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Functionalized graphene (2)
- G5P (2)
- GVP (2)
- General Materials Science (2)
- Gold (2)
- Gold Nanoparticles (2)
- Graphene (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- High-entropy alloys (2)
- High-throughput (2)
- Hybrid metrology (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydroxyectoine (2)
- Hyperbranched (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- In-situ polymerization (2)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Interphase (2)
- Ionic liquid (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionizing radiation damage (2)
- Iron (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- LEE (2)
- Laser-induced oxide layer (2)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (2)
- Lead ions (2)
- Livermore model (2)
- Low energy electrons (2)
- Luminescence (2)
- MCS (2)
- Machine Learning (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Materials Chemistry (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (2)
- Metals and Alloys (2)
- Method (2)
- Methodology (2)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Microstructure (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multiphoton lithography (2)
- NP (2)
- Nanoparticle concentration (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Neutron scattering (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Nucleation (2)
- OH radical (2)
- OH radical scavenger (2)
- Organic Chemistry (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (2)
- Particle (2)
- Particle scattering (2)
- Particle scattering simulations (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Penelope model (2)
- Phase diagrams (2)
- Phosphates (2)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Polycarbonate (2)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Protein (2)
- Protein unfolding (2)
- Proton conductivity (2)
- Purification (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Quality control (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- ROPPOC (2)
- ROS (2)
- Radiationtherapy (2)
- Radioactive decay (2)
- Radiolysis (2)
- Raman (2)
- Reference Material (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- Renewable Energy (2)
- Ring opening polymerization (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Single-source precursors (2)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (2)
- Size (2)
- Software (2)
- Soil (2)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- Stability (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Surfaces (2)
- Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- TEM (2)
- TOPAS (2)
- TOPAS-nbio (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Thermoelectrics (2)
- Thermoplastics (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Topas (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Two-photon polymerization (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Wear (2)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2)
- XAS (2)
- ZIF (2)
- nanoparticle (2)
- ssDNA (2)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 1H-NMR (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 2D Materials (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- ACEnano (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AGE (1)
- ATZ (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio Simulation (1)
- Ab initio simulation (1)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Acid resistance (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adsorbtion (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Advanced calorimetry (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Ag (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Aktivkohle (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline brines (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alloys (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminium fluorides (1)
- Aluminium hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium teflates (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Amorphization (1)
- Amperometry (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Applications (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BESSY (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bayesian Optimization (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bending mechanism (1)
- Bending modulus (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Binder Jetting (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- BioSAXS (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Biobased polymers (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Bismuth Ferrite (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Blends (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Boson peak (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Building and Construction (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Buried interfaces (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CCMat (1)
- CO2 (1)
- COF (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- CPD (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Caloric effects (1)
- Cantor (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Capillary waves (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemical bonds (1)
- Chemically Complex Materials (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemputer (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Clerodin (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Co (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coating (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combined sewer system (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Molecular Systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Computational Materials Science (1)
- Computations (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Concentration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Condensed Matter Physics (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Corrosion monitoring (1)
- Corrosion protection (1)
- Corrosion testing (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- CrMnFeCoNi (1)
- Creep (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Crystallization sequence (1)
- Crystalstructure (1)
- Cu catalysts (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DLS (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DOPO (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSC (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DTAB (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data fitting (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Database (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Definition (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Dentistry (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusons (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Dipsersive XAS (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Dispersive XAS (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Double complex compound (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dye-doped fiber (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EBSD (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EDS (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EPMA (1)
- ESCA (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrochemical CO2 conversion (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte membrane (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Energetic Materials (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Eu (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- Europium (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evaporation (1)
- Evaporite deposits (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Exchange interaction (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAIR (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- FeNi (1)
- Femtosecond laser patterning (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferroelectric (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Film thickness (1)
- Filter (1)
- Filtration (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Flash DSC (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Flexible waveguide (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Fluorescent optical fiber (1)
- Fluoride (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorine coordination (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Food (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- GE-XANES (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- Gel electrophoresis (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- General Energy (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- General Physics and Astronomy (1)
- Geology (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene Oxide (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF (1)
- HF-shuttle (1)
- HIgh entropy, (1)
- HPLC (1)
- Halloysite nanotubes (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-density polyethylene (1)
- High-pressure (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human fibroblast growth factors (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydrochemical evolution (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydroxyl radical (1)
- Hydroxyl radicals (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- Identification (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging XPS (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immunoassay (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Implant material (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In-situ (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron reducing bacteria (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- LET (1)
- LL equation (1)
- LLG (1)
- Lactide (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large volume samplers (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Laser Machining (1)
- Laser cleaning (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lateral resolution (1)
- Lattice misfit (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Lewis Acid (1)
- Lewis superacids (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Ligandsubstitution (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignin modification (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Liquid Crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Lithium-ion battery (1)
- Local corrosion (1)
- Local structure (1)
- Localised corrosion (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MIC (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MRT (1)
- Macroion/growth factor assemblies (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic alloys (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic moment (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magnetoeleastic couplin (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material synthesis (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials Properties (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical flexibility (1)
- Mechanical property (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Metal Organic Frameworks (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metal-oxides (1)
- Metals and alloys (1)
- Metal–organic frameworks (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro-concentrator solar cell (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbially induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological Corrosion (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Micromagnetism (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic fibers (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microstructure Design (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Milling (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular mass distribution (1)
- Molecular sieves (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Multi photon lithography (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesive systems (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- NEXAFS (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NaI (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanomechanics (1)
- Nanometrology (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopatricle (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostructuring (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neurotrophins (1)
- Neutron Scattering (1)
- Ni (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Noncovalent interactions (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- OECD (1)
- OER (1)
- OH (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OMS (1)
- OOMMF (1)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Operando (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Organic compounds (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic crystal (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PBS (1)
- PCA (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PET (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PS (1)
- PTFE (1)
- PUR (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size and shape distribution (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase transformations (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phonon interactions (1)
- Phosphine oxide (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoluminescence (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (1)
- Piezoresponse (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma Polymerization (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasmid DNA (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fiber (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (1)
- Polymorph (1)
- Polynorbornenes (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde foam (1)
- Pore space (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Prehydrated electron (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process control (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proximate analysis (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Pseudo-translationalsublattices (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pulse Laser (1)
- Pulsed laser ablation (1)
- Pump-probe experiments (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- RBE (1)
- RNA (1)
- RXES (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation therapy (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radical Scavenger (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rat (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regularization (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance frequency (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhodamine B (1)
- Rhodiumcomplexes (1)
- Rice husk ash (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- River (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rosin (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- SANS (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STXM (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salt (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary hazard (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Selective oxidation (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (1)
- Self-organization (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separate sewer system (1)
- Separation (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Settling velocity (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shell (1)
- SiGe (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Silk (1)
- Sillver (1)
- Single particle (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (1)
- Sinking velocity (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle xray scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Small-spot XPS (1)
- Soda lakes (1)
- Sodium carbonate minerals (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Sol-gel (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solid state NMR (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-state NMR (1)
- Solution doping (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Spectral induced polarization (1)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spin (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Statistical particle distribution (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Steels (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Stormwater retention tank (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Materials (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural sealant glazing (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure analysis (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure prediction (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfates (1)
- Sulfur cathodes (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Superior sorbent (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Supramolecules (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface charge (1)
- Surface chemical analysis (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface processing (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface structures (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- System method (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- TGA (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- TKD (1)
- TRIS (1)
- TRL (1)
- TXRF (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature-programmed desorption (1)
- Termites (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Thawing (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal transport (1)
- Thermoanalytics (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved (1)
- Time-resolved scattering (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Tire wear (1)
- Titania (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Topas-MC (1)
- Topas-nBio (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Transition metal (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Ultrashort pulse laser processing (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Upconversion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VRFB (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stability (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- White light interference microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (1)
- X-ray emission (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray energies (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray spectrum (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XCT (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xray (1)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- ZCF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zirconia: yttria stabilized (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- abasic side (1)
- base loss (1)
- confocal (1)
- corrosion (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- lN2 (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- µ-CT (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (434) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (13)
The aldoximes C11H9NO (I) and C15H11NO (II), synthesized in ca 90%yield, by
treatment of 1-naphthaldehyde or phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde, respectively,
with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate, have been characterized
by IR, 1H, 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopies, and also by singlecrystal
X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecules of (I) and (II) are
conformationally similar, with the aldoxime substituent groups lying outside
the planes of the naphthalene or phenanthrene rings, forming dihedral angles
with them of 23.9 (4) and 27.9 (6)°, respectively. The crystal structures of both
(I) and (II) are similar with a single intermolecular O—H...N hydrogenbonding
interaction, giving rise to the formation of one-dimensional polymeric
chains extending along the 21 (b) screw axes in each.
Contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of diffusion and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are used to gain insight into the aggregation of an alkyl–C60 derivative, molecule 1, in n-hexane, n-decane and toluene as a function of concentration and temperature. Results point to an associative mechanism of aggregation similar to other commonly associating molecules, including non-ionic surfactants or asphaltenes in non-aqueous solvents. Little aggregation is detected in toluene, but small micelle-like structures form in n-alkane solvents, which have a C60-rich core and alkyl-rich shell. The greatest aggregation extent is found in n-hexane, and at 0.1 M the micelles of 1 comprise around 6 molecules at 25 °C. These micelles become smaller when the concentration is lowered, or if the solvent is changed to n-decane. The solution structure is also affected by temperature, with a slightly larger aggregation extent at 10 °C than at 25 °C. At higher concentrations, for example in solutions of 1 above 0.3 M in n-decane, a bicontinuous network becomes apparent. Overall, these findings aid our understanding of the factors driving the assembly of alkyl–π-conjugated hydrophobic amphiphiles such as 1 in solution and thereby represent a step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting this phenomenon to form materials with well-defined order.
Surface characterisation of Escherichia coli under various conditions by near-ambient pressure XPS
(2018)
Bacteria are inherently in a hydrated state and therefore not compatible to ultra-high vacuum techniques such as XPS without prior sample preparation involving freeze drying or fast freezing.
This has changed with the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, which makes it possible to characterise the bacterial surface with minimal sample preparation. This paper presents NAP-XPS measurements of Escherichia coli under various NAP conditions: at 11 mbar in a humid environment, at 2 mbar after drying in the chamber, pre-dried at 4 mbar, and at 1 mbar after overnight pumping at 10^−4 mbar. The high-resolution spectra of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are presented and found to be in general agreement with XPS measurements from freeze-dried and fast-frozen bacteria. However, it was found that the amount of carbon components associated with polysaccharides increases relative to aliphatic carbon during drying and increases further after overnight pumping. This implies that drying has an impact on the bacterial surface.
A scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM)‐based methodology is introduced for determining the dimensions (shell thickness, core and total diameter) of core‐shell nanoparticles, which exhibit a strong X‐ray absorption contrast and a well‐defined interface between core and shell material. A low radiation dosage during data acquisition and, therefore, less X‐ray beam‐induced damage of the sample is achieved by recording STXM images only at 2 predetermined energies of maximum Absorption contrast, instead of recording a stack of images across the whole absorption edge.
A model core‐shell nanoparticle, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cores with polystyrene (PS) shell, is used for demonstration. Near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy confirms the significant difference in X‐ray absorption behavior between PTFE and PS. Additionally, because of the insolubility of styrene in PTFE a well‐defined interface between particle core and shell is expected. To validate the STXM results, both the naked PTFE cores as well as the complete core‐shell nanoparticles are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The introduced STXM‐based methodology yields particle dimensions in agreement with the SEM results and provides additional information such as the position of the particle core, which cannot be extracted from a SEM micrograph.
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its phase II sulfate and glucoside metabolites have been detected in food and feed commodities. After consumption, the conjugates can be hydrolyzed by the human intestinal microbiota leading to liberation of ZEN that implies an underestimation of the true ZEN exposure. To include ZEN conjugates in routine analysis, reliable standards are needed, which are currently not available. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a facilitated biosynthesis of ZEN-14-sulfate, ZEN-14-glucoside and ZEN-16-glucoside. A metabolite screening was conducted by adding ZEN to liquid fungi cultures of known ZEN conjugating Aspergillus and Rhizopus strains. Cultivation conditions and ZEN incubation time were varied. All media samples were analyzed for metabolite formation by HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, a consecutive biosynthesis was developed by using Fusarium graminearum for ZEN biosynthesis with subsequent conjugation of the toxin by utilizing Aspergillus and Rhizopus species. ZEN-14-sulfate (yield: 49%) is exclusively formed by Aspergillus oryzae. ZEN-14-glucoside (yield: 67%) and ZEN-16-glucoside (yield: 39%) are formed by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus, respectively. Purities of ≥73% ZEN-14-sulfate, ≥82% ZEN-14-glucoside and ≥50% ZEN-16-glucoside were obtained by 1H-NMR. In total, under optimized cultivation conditions, fungi can be easily utilized for a targeted and regioselective synthesis of ZEN conjugates.
In laser machining with ultrashort laser pulses unwanted X-ray radiation in the keV range can be generated when a critical laser intensity is exceeded. Even if the emitted X-ray dose per pulse is low, high laser repetition rates can lead to an accumulation of X-ray doses beyond exposure safety limits. For 925 fs pulse duration at a center wavelength of 1030 nm, the X-ray emission was investigated up to an intensity of 2.6 × 10^14 W/cm2. The experiments were performed in air with a thin disk laser at a repetition rate of 400 kHz. X-ray spectra and doses were measured for various planar target materials covering a wide range of the periodic table from aluminum to tungsten. Without radiation shielding, the measured radiation doses at this high repetition rate clearly exceed the regulatory limits. Estimations for an adequate radiation shielding are provided.
Branched Polyurethanes Based on Synthetic Polyhydroxybutyrate with Tunable Structure and Properties
(2018)
Branched, aliphatic polyurethanes (PURs) were synthesized and compared to linear analogues. The influence of polycaprolactonetriol and synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (R,S-PHB) in soft segments on structure, thermal and sorptive properties of PURs was determined.
Using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies it was found that increasing the R,S-PHB amount in the structure of branched PURs reduced a tendency of urethane groups to hydrogen bonding. Melting enthalpies (on DSC thermograms) of both soft and hard segments of linear PURs were higher than branched PURs, suggesting that linear PURs were more crystalline. Oil sorption by samples of linear and branched PURs, containing only polycaprolactone chains in soft segments, was higher than in the case of samples with R,S-PHB in their structure. Branched PUR without R,S-PHB absorbed the highest amount of oil. Introducing R,S-PHB into the PUR structure increased water sorption.
Thus, by operating the number of branching and the amount of poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) in soft segments thermal and sorptive properties of aliphatic PURs could be controlled.
Micro-concentrator solar cells offer an attractive way to further enhance the efficiency of planar-cell technologies while saving absorber material. Here, two laser-based bottom-up processes for the fabrication of regular arrays of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microabsorber islands are presented, namely one approach based on nucleation and one based on laser-induced forward transfer.
Additionally, a procedure for processing these microabsorbers to functioning micro solar cells connected in parallel is demonstrated. The resulting cells show up to 2.9% efficiency and a significant efficiency enhancement under concentrated Illumination.
Amyloid fibrils are polymers formed by proteins under specific conditions and in many cases they are related to pathogenesis, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Their hallmark is the presence of a β-sheet structure. High resolution structural data on these systems as well as information gathered from multiple complementary analytical techniques is needed, from both a fundamental and a pharmaceutical perspective. Here, a previously reported de novo designed, pH-switchable coiled coil-based peptide that undergoes structural transitions resulting in fibril formation under physiological conditions has been exhaustively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Overall, a unique 2-dimensional carpet-like assembly composed of large coexisiting ribbon-like, tubular and funnel-like structures with a clearly resolved protofilament substructure is observed. Whereas electron microscopy and scattering data point somewhat more to a hairpin model of β-fibrils, ssNMR data obtained from samples with selectively labelled peptides are in agreement with both, hairpin structures and linear arrangements.
MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a widely used tool for the classification of biological samples. The complex chemical composition of pollen grains leads to highly specific, fingerprint-like mass spectra, with respect to the pollen species. Beyond the species-specific composition, the variances in pollen chemistry can be hierarchically structured, including the level of different populations, of environmental conditions or different genotypes. We demonstrate here the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS regarding the adaption of the chemical composition of three Poaceae (grass) pollen for different populations of parent plants by analyzing the mass spectra with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Thereby, variances in species, population and specific growth conditions of the plants were observed simultaneously. In particular, the chemical pattern revealed by the MALDI spectra enabled discrimination of the different populations of one species. Specifically, the role of environmental changes and their effect on the pollen chemistry of three different grass species is discussed. Analysis of the Group formation within the respective populations showed a varying influence of plant genotype on the classification, depending on the species, and permits conclusions regarding the respective rigidity or plasticity towards environmental changes.
The influence of starting materials and synthesis route on the properties and the structure of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels is not fully understood, partly due their amorphous nature and the fact that they often contain residual reactants, which can make the results of single-pulse NMR spectroscopy applied to these materials difficult to interpret or ambiguous. To overcome some of these limitations, 29Si{27Al} TRAPDOR NMR as well as 27Al{29Si} and 27Al{1H} REDOR NMR spectroscopy were applied to materials synthesized by the one-part alkali-activation route from three different amorphous silica starting materials, including rice husk ash. The latter led to formation of a fully amorphous sodium aluminosilicate gel (geopolymer), while the materials produced from the other silicas contained amorphous phase and crystalline zeolites. Application of the double-resonance NMR methods allowed to identify hydrous alumina gel domains in the rice husk ash-based material as well as significantly differing amounts of residual silica in the three cured materials. Four-coordinated Al existed not only in the aluminosilicate gel framework but also in a water-rich chemical environment with only a small amount of Si in proximity, likely in the alumina gel or possibly present as extra-framework Al in the aluminosilicate gel. The results demonstrate how the employment of different silica starting materials determines the phase assemblage of one-part alkali-activated materials, which in turn influences their engineering properties such as the resistance against chemically/biologically aggressive media.
The application of appropriate analytical techniques is essential for nanomaterial (NM) characterization. In this study, we compared different analytical techniques for NM analysis. Regarding possible adverse health effects, ionic and particulate NM effects have to be taken into account. As NMs behave quite differently in physiological media, special attention was paid to techniques which are able to determine the biosolubility and complexation behavior of NMs. Representative NMs of similar size were selected: aluminum (Al0) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), to compare the behavior of metal and metal oxides. In addition, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were evaluated with respect to their suitability for fast characterization of nanoparticle dispersions regarding a particle's hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution. By application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode (SP-ICP-MS), individual nanoparticles were quantified and characterized regarding their size. SP-ICP-MS measurements were correlated with the information gained using other characterization techniques, i.e. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The particle surface as an important descriptor of NMs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). NM impurities and their co-localization with biomolecules were determined by ion beam microscopy (IBM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). We conclude advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques applied and suggest options for their complementation. Thus, this paper may serve as a practical guide to particle characterization techniques.
Fate of fluorescence labels - Their adsorption and desorption kinetics to silver nanoparticles
(2018)
Silver nanoparticles are among the most widely used and produced nanoparticles. Because of their frequent application in consumer products, the assessment of their toxicological potential has seen a renewed importance. A Major difficulty is the traceability of nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Even if the particles are labeled, for example, by a fluorescent marker, the dynamic exchange of ligands often prohibits their spatial localization. Our study provides an insight into the adsorption and desorption kinetics of two different fluorescent labels on silver nanoparticles with a core radius of 3 nm by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopy. We used BSA-FITC and tyrosine as examples for common fluorescent ligands. It is shown that the adsorption of BSA-FITC takes at least 3 days, whereas tyrosine adsorbs immediately. The quantitative amount of stabilizer on the particle surface was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and revealed that the particles are stabilized by a monolayer of BSA-FITC (corresponding to 20 ± 9 molecules), whereas tyrosine forms a multilayered structure consisting of 15900 ± 200 molecules. Desorption experiments show that the BSA-FITC-stabilized particles are ideally suited for application in in vitro and in vivo experiments because the ligand desorption takes several days. Depending on the BSA concentration in the particles surroundings, the rate constant is k = 0.2 per day or lower when applying first order kinetics, that is, 50% of the BSAFITC molecules are released from the particle’s surface within 3.4 days. For illustration, we provide a first application of the fluorescence-labeled particles in an uptake study with two different commonly used cell lines, the human liver cell model HepG2 and the human intestinal cell model of differentiated Caco-2 cells.
Reaction procedures have been improved to achieve higher yields and shorter reaction times: one possibility is the usage of microwave reactors. In the literature, this is under discussion, for example, nonthermal effects resulting from the microwave radiation are claimed. Especially for the synthesis of nanomaterials, it is of crucial importance to be aware of influences on the reaction pathway. Therefore, we compare the syntheses of ultra-small silver nanoparticles via conventional and microwave heating. We employed a versatile one-pot polyol synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)-stabilized silver nanoparticles, which display superior catalytic properties. No microwave-specific effects in terms of particle size distribution characteristics, as derived by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering, are revealed. Because of the characteristics of a closed system, microwave reactors give access to elevated temperatures and pressures. Therefore, the speed of particle formation can be increased by a factor of 30 when the reaction temperature is increased from 200 to 250 °C. The particle growth process follows a cluster coalescence mechanism. A postsynthetic incubation step at 250 °C induces a further growth of the particles while the size distribution broadens. Thus, utilization of microwave reactors enables an enormous decrease of the reaction time as well as the opportunity of tuning the particle size. Possibly, decomposition of the stabilizing ligand at elevated temperatures results in reduced yields. A compromise between short reaction times and high yields can be found at a temperature of 250 °C and a corresponding reaction time of 30 s.
We report on etching of polyacrylic acid-stabilised silver nanoparticles in the presence of glutathione (GSH). The initial particles with a radius of 3.2 nm and consisting of ∼8100 silver atoms dissolve in a two-step reaction mechanism while in parallel smaller silver particles with a radius of 0.65 nm and consisting of 60 to 70 silver atoms were formed. The kinetics of the etching of the initial particles, accompanied by formation of smaller silver particles was interpreted based on in situ, time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments.
A facile and convenient approach for the synthesis of core–shell particles via emulsion polymerization is presented. The shell consists of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and the core of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) or poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA). In a first step, a non-fluorinated (meth)acrylate monomer is polymerized in the emulsion to produce poly(meth)acrylate core particles. Secondly, vinylidene fluoride (VDF) is directly added to the reactor and polymerized for shell formation. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was employed to characterize the structure of the core–shell particles. Interestingly, the particles’ core contains fluorinated and non-fluorinated polymers, whereas the shell of the particles consists only of PVDF. The resulting particles with a diameter of around 40 nm show a significantly higher PVDF β phase content than the PVDF homopolymer obtained by emulsion polymerization
Equipping ZIF particles with a polyelectrolyte membrane provides functional groups at their interface, enabling further conjugations necessary for applications such as targeted drug delivery. Previous approaches to coat ZIF particles with polyelectrolytes led to surface corrosion of the template material. This work overcomes previous limitations by performing a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte coating onto ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 particles in nonaqueous environment. Using the 2-methylimidazolium salt of polystyrensulfonic acid instead of the acid itself and polyethyleneimine in methanol led to intact ZIF particles after polyelectrolyte coating. This was verified by electron microscopy. Further, zetapotential and atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed a continuous polyelectrolyte multilayer built up. The here reported adaption to the well-studied (LbL) polyelectrolyte selfassembly process provides a facile method to equip ZIF particles with a nanometer thin polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane.
Structural changes of highly active Pd/MeOx (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) during catalytic methane combustion
(2018)
Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO nanoparticles were prepared via a citrate method and further functionalized with Pd by impregnation. The pure oxides as well as Pd/Fe2O3, Pd/Co3O4, and Pd/NiO (1, 5 and 10 wt % Pd) were employed for catalytic methane combustion under methane lean (1 vol %)/oxygen rich (18 vol %, balanced with nitrogen) conditions. Already, the pure metal oxides showed a high catalytic activity leading to complete conversion temperature of T100 ≤ 500 °C. H2-TPR (Temperature-programmed reduction) experiments revealed that Pd-functionalized metal oxides exhibited enhanced redox activity compared to the pure oxides leading to improved catalytic combustion activity at lower temperatures. At a loading of 1 wt % Pd, 1Pd/Co3O4 (T100 = 360 °C) outperforms 1Pd/Fe2O3 (T100 = 410 °C) as well as 1Pd/NiO (T100 = 380 °C). At a loading of 10 wt % Pd, T100 could only be slightly reduced in all cases. 1Pd/Co3O4 and 1Pd/NiO show reasonable stability over 70 h on stream at T100. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and STEM (Scanning transmission electron microscopy) investigations revealed strong interactions between Pd and NiO as well as Co3O4, respectively, leading to dynamic transformations and reoxidation of Pd due to solid state reactions, which leads to the high long-term stability.
Commercial grade-1 titanium samples (Ti, 99.6%) were treated using three alternative methods, (i) femtosecond laser processing, (ii) thermal heat treatment, and (iii) electrochemical anodization, respectively, resulting in the formation of differently conditioned superficial titanium oxide layers. The laser processing (i) was carried out by a Ti:sapphire laser (pulse duration 30 fs, central wavelength 790 nm, pulse repetition rate 1 kHz) in a regime of generating laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). The experimental conditions (laser fluence, spatial spot overlap) were optimized in a sample-scanning setup for the processing of several square-millimeters large surface areas covered homogeneously by these nanostructures. The differently oxidized titanium surfaces were characterized by optical microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and instrumented indentation testing. The tribological performance was characterized in the regime of mixed friction by reciprocating sliding tests against a sphere of hardened steel in fully formulated engine oil as lubricant. The specific tribological performance of the differently treated surfaces is discussed with respect to possible physical and chemical mechanisms.
Cost-effective water cleaning approaches using improved Treatment technologies, for instance based on catalytic processes with high activity catalysts, are urgently needed. The aim of our study was to synthesize efficient Fenton-like photo-catalysts for rapid degradation of persistent organic micropollutants in aqueous medium. Iron-based nanomaterials were chemically synthesized through simple procedures by immobilization of either iron(II) oxalate (FeO) or iron(III) citrate (FeC) on magnetite (M) nanoparticles stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Various investigation techniques were performed in order to characterize the freshly prepared catalysts. By applying advanced oxidation processes, the effect of catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration and UV-A light exposure were examined for Bisphenol A (BPA) conversion, at laboratory scale, in mild conditions. The obtained results revealed that BPA degradation was rapidly enhanced in the presence of low-concentration H2O2, as well as under UV-A light, and is highly dependent on the surface characteristics of the catalyst. Complete photo-degradation of BPA was achieved over the M/PEG/FeO catalyst in less than 15 minutes. Based on the catalytic performance, a hierarchy of the tested catalysts was established: M/PEG/FeO > M/PEG/FeC > M/PEG. The results of cytotoxicity assay using MCF-7 cells indicated that the aqueous samples after treatment are less cytotoxic.