Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (355)
- Sonstiges (4)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (1)
- Corrigendum (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (351)
- Deutsch (9)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (53)
- Quantum yield (35)
- Sensor (25)
- Lifetime (21)
- Quality assurance (20)
- Dye (18)
- Photophysics (18)
- Nano (16)
- Synthesis (13)
- Cancer (12)
- Immunoassay (12)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (12)
- NIR (12)
- Photoluminescence (12)
- Imaging (11)
- Lanthanide (10)
- Method (10)
- Nanomaterial (10)
- Nanoparticle (10)
- Particle (9)
- Quantum dots (9)
- Electrochemistry (8)
- ICP-MS (8)
- Mass spectrometry (8)
- Mechanism (8)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (8)
- Nanoparticles (8)
- Reference material (8)
- ELISA (7)
- Energy transfer (7)
- Raman spectroscopy (7)
- Soil (7)
- Traceability (7)
- Affinity chromatography (6)
- Contrast agent (6)
- Gadolinium (6)
- Luminescence (6)
- MRI (6)
- Mass Spectrometry (6)
- Multiplexing (6)
- Mycotoxins (6)
- Optical probe (6)
- PH (6)
- Surface chemistry (6)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (6)
- Core-shell particles (5)
- Cr(III) (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- Laser ablation (5)
- Ligand (5)
- Microscopy (5)
- Raman microspectroscopy (5)
- Reproducibility (5)
- Single particle (5)
- Aggregation (4)
- Analytical Chemistry (4)
- Antikörper (4)
- Brightness (4)
- Calibration (4)
- Cement (4)
- IgG (4)
- Industry 4.0 (4)
- Interlaboratory comparison (4)
- LA-ICP-MS (4)
- LC-MS/MS (4)
- LIBS (4)
- Lab-on-a-chip (4)
- Metabolomics (4)
- Nitrotyrosine (4)
- Polymer (4)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (4)
- SWIR (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- XPS (4)
- XRF (4)
- Air pollution (3)
- Allergy (3)
- Antibiotics (3)
- BODIPY (3)
- Bead (3)
- Biosensing (3)
- Biosensor (3)
- Bisphenol A (3)
- Brain (3)
- Coating (3)
- Complex (3)
- Copper (3)
- Corrosion (3)
- Crystal (3)
- DNA origami (3)
- Diagnostics (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Excitation power density (3)
- Extracellular matrix (3)
- Food (3)
- Food analysis (3)
- Gadofosveset (3)
- Gas chromatography (3)
- General Medicine (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HRMS (3)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (3)
- Human serum (3)
- Hybridoma (3)
- Hydrolysis (3)
- Immunosensor (3)
- Iron oxide (3)
- Isotope dilution (3)
- Isotope ratio (3)
- MOF (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Mechanochemistry (3)
- Metrology (3)
- Microfluidics (3)
- Molecular imaging (3)
- Molecular imprinting (3)
- Monoclonal antibody (3)
- Mycotoxin (3)
- NMR (3)
- Nitration (3)
- Optical spectroscopy (3)
- PFAS (3)
- Pollution (3)
- Probe (3)
- Process Industry (3)
- Protein A (3)
- Quality Control (3)
- Quantification (3)
- Raman (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Screening (3)
- Sensitization (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Switch (3)
- Teststreifen (3)
- Transformation products (3)
- Tyrosine (3)
- Uncertainty (3)
- Upconversion (3)
- AAS (2)
- Absolute isotope ratio (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Affinitätschromatographie (2)
- Aggregation induced emission (2)
- Amorphous carbon (2)
- Amoxicillin (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Antibodies (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Bead-based assay (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biocides (2)
- Bioconjugation (2)
- CONSENS (2)
- Cell proliferation (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Comparability (2)
- Core−shell particles (2)
- Cuprorivaite (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta scale (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Digitalisation (2)
- Dimerization (2)
- Dityrosine (2)
- Documentation (2)
- Egyptian blue (2)
- Electron microscopy (2)
- Emission spectroscopy (2)
- Endocrine disruptor (2)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (2)
- Enhancement (2)
- Environmental Chemistry (2)
- Exocytosis (2)
- FPLC (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Fertilizer (2)
- Ferumoxytol (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- Glyphosate (2)
- Gold nanoparticles (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- HTS (2)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Indium phosphide (2)
- Indoor air (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Iron (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- LIF (2)
- Label (2)
- Lanthanides (2)
- Lateral flow assay (2)
- Life sciences (2)
- Limit of detection (2)
- Lipidomic profile (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Lithium (2)
- MALDI (2)
- MALDI-TOF MS (2)
- MC-ICP-MS (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Measurement uncertainty (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesoporous materials (2)
- Metabolic stress (2)
- Method development (2)
- Microbeads (2)
- Mikrofluidik (2)
- Mikroplastik (2)
- Modelling (2)
- Modular Production (2)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (2)
- Monolithic column (2)
- Multiplex (2)
- Nanomaterials (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrogen oxides (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Open Science (2)
- Optical detection (2)
- Origami (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- Ozone (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Ph (2)
- Phenylalanine (2)
- Phosphorylated peptides (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Process Analytical Technology (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Production (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Protein (2)
- Protein G (2)
- Protein nitration (2)
- Quality control (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Sensorpartikel (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Sequence coverage (2)
- Serum (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Shell (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Single molecule (2)
- Smart sensors (2)
- Software (2)
- Solid state NMR (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Standards (2)
- Surface (2)
- Synthetic peptides (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- Test strips (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal anhydrite (2)
- Thermal desorption (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tumor metabolism (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- Uptake studies (2)
- Validation (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Water analysis (2)
- Yb(III) complex (2)
- ZIF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 150th anniversary (1)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 3D-Mikrofluidik (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AIE (1)
- AIS (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- Aautomatisation (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acoustic resonance (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Adulteration (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Affinity (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinitätsextraktion (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Aggregation-induced emission (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air sampling (1)
- Airport (1)
- AlCl (1)
- Alanine scan (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Animal slurry (1)
- Anion recognition (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody coating (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling surface (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- App (1)
- Application (1)
- Aptamere (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Argon (1)
- Array (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Ash content (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Assay (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Atomic weight (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Autoantibodies (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automation (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- BAM (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BODIPY dyes (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BODIPYs (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bead injections (1)
- Benchmarking study (1)
- Benchtop NMR (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Benzin (1)
- Benzothiadiazole (1)
- Benzoxadiazole dyes (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bet v 1 (1)
- Betula pendula (1)
- Binary gas mixture (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binding molecule (1)
- Bioanalysis (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biodiesel (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Bioimaging (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Birch pollen allergen (1)
- Bismuth (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boltzmann plot (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Border surveillance (1)
- Boron compound (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicatglas (1)
- Borosilikatglas (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Building material (1)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- CCQM (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- CEA (1)
- CO2 + n-alkanes (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRM (1)
- CRP (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcite (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium carbonate (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration-free analysis (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Carrier-Material (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- Cell (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cement clinker remnants (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Charged dyes (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical evolution (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chirality (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chloroanilines (1)
- Ciaaw.org (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Citrullinated (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clones (1)
- Cmos (1)
- Cobaloxime complex (1)
- Cocoa (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collection (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Color (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combinatorial chemistry (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (1)
- Commercial metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Competitive Immunoassay (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Confiscation (1)
- Conformation (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Construction (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Continuous Processes (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Core-shell (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cucurbituril (1)
- Customs (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- DFA (1)
- DFT (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DPA (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data processing (1)
- De novo peptide sequencing (1)
- Deep learning-based tools (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Delta isotope standard (1)
- Delta value (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Density data (1)
- Design of experiment (1)
- Detection (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Development (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital Twins (1)
- Digital holographic cytometry (1)
- Digital immunoassay (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitalisierung der Prozessindustrie (1)
- Digitization of process industry (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Disinfection (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Dityrosine crosslinking (1)
- Docking (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Druckstabilität (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug search (1)
- Drug trafficking (1)
- Dual sensing (1)
- Dual-color labeling glycan (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye loading optimisation (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dye release (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EP-3533 (1)
- ESMA (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Electrochemical (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrochemilumineszenz (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Enantiomeric excess ee (1)
- Encapsulation (1)
- Encoding (1)
- Endokriner Disruptor (1)
- Enhancement strategy (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Environmental speciation (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Equations of state (1)
- Error correction (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Evanescent wave (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Excimers (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Explosiven (1)
- Explosives detection (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FRET (1)
- False Positives (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Flexible crystals (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Fluorescein (1)
- Fluorescence Polarization (1)
- Fluorescence label (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluorescent sensors (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Folding chirality (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fourier transform spectroscopy (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fragmentation pathway (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functional monomers (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GMAW (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Galvanic anodes (1)
- Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gated materials (1)
- Gd-DOTA (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- Genotoxicity testing (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Gesteuerte Freisetzung (1)
- Gesteuerten Nanopartikeln (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Github (1)
- Glasmonolith (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanocluster (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Grass pollen (1)
- Green light excitation (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Group profile (1)
- Guanidinium receptors (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- Gypsum dehydration (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPSEC (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Hapten Immunoassay (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat accumulation (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heat-transfer Measurements (1)
- Heavy chains (1)
- Hemihydrate (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High pH (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-fired gypsum (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-fired medieval gypsum mortars (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-pressure density (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- Highspeed (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Humic matter (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrodynamic model (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrogen uptake reproducibility (1)
- Hydrogen-containing gas mixture (1)
- Hydrogen-enriched natural gas (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydroxy warfarin (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- ID-MS (1)
- ILC (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Illicit drug (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immobilisierung (1)
- Immunassay (1)
- Immunglobulin (1)
- Immunglobuline (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunoglobulin E (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Impact (1)
- Imprinting (1)
- Impurites (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ measurement (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-house calibration solution (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Indicator displacement assay (1)
- Indoor air quality (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively‑coupled mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Inert gases (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Inline Analytics (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inorganic impurities (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Inter layer time (1)
- Interferometric spectroscopy (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- International drug trade (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1)
- Isotope reference material (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic fractionation (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Jahrestag (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Kompost (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LSVEC (1)
- Lab on a chip (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser induced plasma deposition (1)
- Laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) (1)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- Lastwechsel (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layers (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Lead (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- LiYF4 (1)
- Library (1)
- Life science (1)
- Lifetime encoding (1)
- Lifetime-encoded beads (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Light chains (1)
- Light harvesting (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Lluminescence (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Low-cost (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCR (1)
- MIC (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MIP (1)
- MLCT (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MST (1)
- MW-AES (1)
- MYCN (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Mass-Spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Material sciences (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesofluidics (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metal cluster (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Methanol oxidation (1)
- Methylanilines (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metrologie (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Microfluidic mixing (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Micrometeorites (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Miller and Urey (1)
- Mineral identification (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Mineral paragenesis (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Missing fragmentation sites (1)
- Mixed surface (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Mobile phase (1)
- Model (1)
- Model Predictive Control (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiplexed assay (1)
- Multivariat (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Multivariate methods (1)
- Murchison meteorite (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR dyes (1)
- NIR-I (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NSE (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanostructures (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Narcotics (1)
- Neoallergen (1)
- Neoepitopes (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neutral dyes (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitrogen dioxide (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen monoxide (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- OBOC library (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oligomerization (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- On-chip screening (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- One-bead-one-compound library (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Online detection (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Open science (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical imaging (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic-inorganic hybrid composites (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Oriented immobilization (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PCA (1)
- PDT (1)
- PEM-Wasserelektrolyse (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PSA (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Pants (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Peptide aptamers (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptide folding (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptide probe (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Permethrin (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pestizid (1)
- Petroleum (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phl p 5 (1)
- Phleum pratense (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorescence (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer (1)
- Photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Physico-chemical characterisation of minerals (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Planck function (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma chemistry (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polarity (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer particles (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Porous rock (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portable (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Potash (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Power density (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Prebiotic chemistry (1)
- Precision agriculture (1)
- Precision farming (1)
- Preprocessing (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Primordial soup (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Process Analytical Tecnology (1)
- Process Control (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Process sensors 4.0 (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Proinflammatory cytokines (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein degradation (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein oligomers (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Protein-modification (1)
- Proteinoid (1)
- Prouess-Sensoren 4.0 (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Proximal soil sensing (1)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pt(111) (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Purification (1)
- Purity (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantitative protein analysis (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quartz (1)
- R package (1)
- RBD (1)
- REMPI (1)
- Racemate (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman band width (1)
- Raman microscopy (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rapid tests (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Redox (1)
- Redox switch (1)
- Reference (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference data (1)
- References (1)
- Reinigung (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Ruthenium(II) complexes (1)
- Rückverstromung (1)
- SA conjugates (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SBA-15 (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM (1)
- SERDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPR (1)
- SVOC (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Scale conversion (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- Schnelltests (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Security (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Segregation (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Sensory particles (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequencing algorithm (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single particle ICP-MS (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Single-sinker densimeter (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Small-angle scattering (1)
- Smart actuators (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smarte Aktoren (1)
- Smarte Sensoren (1)
- Smarter Sensor (1)
- Smartphone readout (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Sol-gel process (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid state emission (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Spatial heterodyne spectrometer (1)
- Special issue (1)
- Specific probe (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Speed of sound (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Standard atomic weight (1)
- Stationäre Phase (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stranski–Krastanow growth (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Substance release (1)
- Sulfide sensing (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Supported catalyst (1)
- Supramolecular Chemistry (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface derivatization (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- TEM (1)
- TFA (1)
- TLR4 activation (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Target (1)
- Tau (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temperature Control (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Thermal Process Engineering (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermography (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thin films (1)
- Tholins (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Titan-Halterung (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Toll-like receptor 4 (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Trennung (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Tutzing Symposion (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Vis (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Umweltschadstoffe (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- VO (1)
- VVOC (1)
- Validate method (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium oxide catalysts (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virial coefficients (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volumetric uptake (1)
- Vor-Ort-Analytik (1)
- WD-XRF (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Wasserstoff-Qualität (1)
- Wasserstoffspeicher (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Wipe test (1)
- Wood chips (1)
- Work function (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- XANES (1)
- YES assay (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Ytterbium (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- biokompatibel (1)
- calibration (1)
- compost (1)
- dye (1)
- gesintert (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- pH probe (1)
- photoluminescence (1)
- research landscape (1)
- self-replication (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temperature (1)
- thermophysical properties (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- β-Lactam (1)
- γ-H2AX assay (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (361) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (11)
MALDI-TOF-MS-Based Identification of Monoclonal Murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies within One Hour
(2022)
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used 35 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied to the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 60 min and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 degrees C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0. This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context.
Fast and accurate determination of the protein content of a sample is an important and non-trivial task of many biochemical, biomedical, food chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental research activities. Different methods of total protein determination are used for a wide range of proteins with highly variable properties in complex matrices. These methods usually work reasonably well for proteins under controlled conditions, but the results for non-standard and complex samples are often questionable. Here, we compare new and well-established methods, including traditional amino acid analysis (AAA), aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA) based on the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of intact proteins with UV absorbance measurements at 220 and 280 nm (LC-220, LC-280), and colorimetric assays like Coomassie Blue G-250 dye-binding assay (Bradford) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. We investigated different samples, including proteins with challenging properties, chemical modifications, mixtures, and complex matrices like air particulate matter and pollen extracts. All methods yielded accurate and precise results for the protein and matrix used for calibration. AAA, AAAA with fluorescence detection, and the LC-220 method yielded robust results even under more challenging conditions (variable analytes and matrices). These methods turned out to be well-suited for reliable determination of the protein content in a wide range of samples, such as air particulate matter and pollen.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as active agents in disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives. Despite being in use since the 1940s, there remain multiple open questions regarding their detailed mode-of-action and the mechanisms, including phenotypic heterogeneity, that can make bacteria less susceptible to QACs. To facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms towards QACs, we synthesized a fluorescent quaternary ammonium compound, namely N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-[2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]ethyl]azanium-iodide (NBD-DDA). NBD-DDA is readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy with standard GFP/FITC-settings, making it suitable for molecular and single-cell studies. As a proof-of-concept, NBD-DDA was then used to investigate resistance mechanisms which can be heterogeneous among individual bacterial cells. Our results reveal that the antimicrobial activity of NBD-DDA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is comparable to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used QAC, and benzyl-dimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride (BAC12), a mono-constituent BAC with alkyl-chain length of 12 and high structural similarity to NBD-DDA. Characteristic time-kill kinetics and increased tolerance of a BAC tolerant E. coli strain against NBD-DDA suggest that the mode of action of NBD-DDA is similar to that of BAC. As revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), NBD-DDA is preferentially localized to the cell envelope of E. coli, which is a primary target of BAC and other QACs. Leveraging these findings and NBD-DDA‘s fluorescent properties, we show that reduced cellular accumulation is responsible for the evolved BAC tolerance in the BAC tolerant E. coli strain and that NBD-DDA is subject to efflux mediated by TolC. Overall, NBD-DDA’s antimicrobial activity, its fluorescent properties, and its ease of detection render it a powerful tool to study resistance mechanisms of QACs in bacteria and highlight its potential to gain detailed insights into its mode-of-action.
Core–shell nanoparticles have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique properties and their increasing importance in many technological and consumer products. However, the chemistry of nanoparticles is still rarely investigated in comparison to their size and morphology. In this review, the possibilities, limits, and challenges of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for obtaining more insights into the composition, thickness, and homogeneity of nanoparticle coatings are discussed with four examples: CdSe/CdS quantum dots with a thick coating and a small core; NaYF4-based upconverting nanoparticles with a large Yb-doped core and a thin Er-doped coating; and two types of polymer nanoparticles with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) core with either a poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene coating. Different approaches for calculating the thickness of the coating are presented, like a simple numerical modelling or a more complex simulation of the photoelectron peaks. Additionally, modelling of the XPS background for the investigation of coating is discussed. Furthermore, the new possibilities to measure with varying excitation energies or with hard-energy X-ray sources (hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) are described. A discussion about the sources of uncertainty for the determination of the thickness of the coating completes this review.
ADAMTS4-specific MR-probe to assess aortic aneurysms in vivo using synthetic peptide libraries
(2022)
The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has substantially increased during the last 20 years and their rupture remains the third most common cause of sudden death in the cardiovascular field after myocardial infarction and stroke. The only established clinical parameter to assess AAAs is based on the aneurysm size. Novel biomarkers are needed to improve the assessment of the risk of rupture. ADAMTS4 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs 4) is a strongly upregulated proteoglycan cleaving enzyme in the unstable course of AAAs. In the screening of a one-bead-one-compound library against ADAMTS4, a low-molecular-weight cyclic peptide is discovered with favorable properties for in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging applications. After identification and characterization, it’s potential is evaluated in an AAA mouse model. The ADAMTS4-specific probe enables the in vivo imaging-based prediction of aneurysm expansion and rupture.
Nonporous corundum powder, known as an abrasive material in the industry, was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices. The materials based on corundum were characterized by TEM, ESEM, BET, DLS, EDS, and zeta potential measurements. The strong Al-O-P bonds between the corundum surface and amino phosphonic acids were used to introduce functional groups for further conjugations. The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). This work shows that oxidized polyglycerol can be used as an alternative to glutaraldehyde. With polyglycerol, more of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be attached to the surface under the same conditions, and lower non-specific binding (NSB) was observed. As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The purity of the product was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A binding capacity of 1.8 mg IgG per gram of corundum powder was achieved. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.
The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio can, in principle, be used for provenancing of cement. However, while commercial cements consist of multiple components, no detailed investigation into their individual 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios or their influence on the integral 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of the resulting cement was conducted previously. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining and comparing the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of a diverse set of Portland cements and their corresponding Portland clinkers, the major component of these cements. Two approaches to remove the additives from the cements, i.e. to measure the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotopic fingerprint of the clinker only, were tested, namely, treatment with a potassium hydroxide/sucrose solution and sieving on a 11-µm sieve. Dissolution in concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid and in diluted nitric acid was employed to determine the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the cements and the individual clinkers. The aim was to find the most appropriate sample preparation procedure for cement provenancing, and the selection was realised by comparing the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of differently treated cements with those of the corresponding clinkers. None of the methods to separate the clinkers from the cements proved to be satisfactory. However, it was found that the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of clinker and cement generally corresponded, meaning that the latter can be used as a proxy for the clinker 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio. Finally, the concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid dissolution method was found to be the most suitable sample preparation method for the cements; it is thus recommended for 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses for cement provenancing.
This work aims to address the technical concerns related to the thermodynamic characterization of gas mixtures blended with hydrogen for the implementation of hydrogen as a new energy vector. For this purpose, new experimental speed of sound measurements have been done in gaseous and supercritical phases of two binary mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen using the most accurate technique available, i.e., the spherical acoustic resonator, yielding an experimental expanded (k = 2) uncertainty of only 220 parts in 106 (0.022%). The measurements cover the pressure range between (0.5 and 20) MPa, the temperature range between (260 and 350) K, and the composition range with a nominal mole percentage of hydrogen of (5 and 10) mol%, respectively.
From the speed of sound data sets, thermophysical properties that are relevant for the characterization of the mixture, namely the second βa and third γa acoustic virial coefficients, are derived. These results are thoroughly compared and discussed with the established reference mixture models valid for mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen, such as the AGA8-DC92 EoS, the GERG-2008 EoS, and the recently developed adaptation of the GERG-2008 EoS, here denoted GERG-H2_improved EoS. Special attention has been given to the effect of hydrogen concentration on those properties, showing that only the GERG-H2_improved EoS is consistent with the data sets within the experimental uncertainty in most measuring conditions.
This work reports new experimental data on densities and viscosities of (CO2 + n-pentane) and (CO2 + n-hexane) mixtures at high pressures and temperatures. The densities were measured by a vibrating-tube densimeter with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) smaller than 1.8 kg/m3 at six isotherms (from 273.15 K to 373.15 K), twelve pressures starting at 5 MPa up to 100 MPa, and at six CO2 molar compositions (from 0 to 0.6). The viscosities were measured by a vibrating-wire viscometer with the corresponding relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) smaller than 0.016 at five isotherms (from 273.15 K to 373.15 K), twelve pressures (from 5 MPa up to 100 MPa), and at two CO2 molar compositions (0.1 and 0.3). The densities were fitted by the semiempirical Tammann-Tait equation for density data and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation for viscosity data, respectively. The Groupe Européen de Recherches Gazières (GERG-2008) equation of state was also applied for modelling the densities. Over-all robustness and reliability of the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) and its critical point-based modification (CP-PC-SAFT) were examined. Accuracies of the Modified Yarranton-Satyro (MYS) coupled with CP-PC-SAFT and the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP 10) in predicting the viscosities were evaluated.
This work presents the determination of the corrosion characteristics of CrCoNi (medium entropy alloy) and CrMnFeCoNi (high entropy alloy) in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M H2SO4. The morphology and chemical composition of the oxide layers formed on CrCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi were comparatively analyzed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported with chemical analysis by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis of the 3p core level peaks showed that the oxide layer (native and after anodic passivation) on CrCoNi consisted mainly of Cr oxides, while the oxide layer on CrMnFeCoNi was primarily composed of a mixture of Cr and Fe oxides. In addition, XPS was utilized to assess the oxide layer thicknesses. These results were compared to the thicknesses obtained by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with both approaches yielding values up to about 4 nm depending on the electrolyte and the alloy. Cyclic polarization measurements indicated superior corrosion resistance of CrCoNi in both aqueous environments compared to CrMnFeCoNi, as well as to AISI 304 stainless steel.
Reported here is the production of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films, integrating a fluorescent moiety that serves as both an element for template interaction and signalling, for the thermal and optical detection of the beta-lactam antibiotic nafcillin. Fluorescein methacrylate (FluMa) was synthesized and introduced during the molecular imprinting process as the sole monomer and in a 1 : 1 mixture with methacrylic acid (MAA), allowing to draw first conclusions on the MIP formation potential of such a rather large and rigid monomer. At first, MIP microparticles containing FluMa were prepared by free radical polymerisation. Optical batch rebinding experiments revealed that FluMa can act as a functional monomer for selective detection of nafcillin; however, the addition of MAA as co-monomer significantly improved performance. Subsequently, thin MIP films containing FluMa were deposited onto functionalised glass slides and the influence of porogen, drying time, and monomer composition was studied. These MIP-functionalised glass electrodes were mounted into a customised 3D-printed flow cell, where changes in the liquid were either evaluated with a thermal device or using fluorescence bright field microscopy. Thermal analysis demonstrated that multiple MIP layers enhanced sensor specificity, with detection in the environmentally relevant range. The fluorescence bright field microscope investigations validated these results, showing an increase in the fluorescence intensity upon exposure of the MIP-functionalised glass slides to nafcillin solutions. These are promising results for developing a portable sensor device that can be deployed for antibiotics outside of a dedicated laboratory environment, especially if sensor design and fluorophore architecture are optimised.
Die Kombination aus elektrogenerierter Chemilumineszenz (ECL) und Aptamer-gesteuerter Indikatorfreisetzung (gAID) aus magnetischen mesoporösen Silica-Nanopartikeln, die in mit Poly(ethylenglycol) und N-(3-Triethoxysilylpropyl) diethanolamin funktionalisiertes Glasfaserpapier eingebettet sind, ermöglichte die Entwicklung eines Schnelltests, mit dem sich Penicillin direkt in verdünnter Milch bis auf 50 +/- 9 ppt in <5 min nachweisen lässt. Die kovalente Bindung der Aptamer-Kappe an das Siliciumdioxid-Gerüst ermöglichte den Verschluss der Poren durch nicht-kovalente elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen mit Oberflächen-Aminogruppen. Die Bindung von Penicillin führte zu einer Faltung des Aptamers, wodurch der zuvor in das Material geladene ECL-Reporter Ru(bpy)32+ freigesetzt wurde und nach lateralem Fluss von einer Smartphone-Kamera nach elektrochemischer Anregung mit einer in einen 3D-gedruckten Halter eingesetzten Siebdruckelektrode detektiert wird. Der Ansatz ist einfach, generisch und bietet Vorteile hinsichtlich Empfindlichkeit, Messunsicherheit und Robustheit gegenüber konventioneller Fluoreszenz- oder elektrochemischer Detektion, insbesondere für Point-of-Need-Analysen anspruchsvoller Matrices und Analyten im Ultraspurenbereich.
The visualization of index-of-refraction (IoR) distribution is one of the common methods to investigate fluid flow or pressure fields. While schlieren and shadowgraphy imaging techniques are widely accepted, their inherent limitations often lead to difficulties in elucidating the IoR distribution and extracting the true IoR information from the resulting images. While sophisticated solutions exist, the IoR-gradient-to-image was achieved by purposely introducing a commonly avoided “defect” into the optical path of a conventional coincident schlieren/shadowgraphy setup; the defect is a combination of slight defocusing and the use of non-conjugate optical components. As such, the method presented in this work is referred to as defocusing shadowgraphy, or DF-shadowgraphy. While retaining the ease of a conventional schlieren/shadowgraphy geometry, this DF approach allows direct visualization of complicated resonant acoustic fields even without any data processing. For instance, the transient acoustic fields of a common linear acoustic resonator and a two-dimensional one were directly visualized without inversion. Moreover, the optical process involved in DF-shadowgraphy was investigated from a theoretical perspective. A numerical solution of the sophisticated impulse response function was obtained, which converts the phase distortion into intensity distributions. Based on this solution, the IoRs of various gas streams (e.g., CO2 and isopropanol vapor) were determined from single images.
Photon upconversion upon 1550 nm excitation is of high relevance for applications in the third biological excitation window, for photovoltaics beyond current limitations, and enables appealing options in the field of glass Fiber telecommunications. Trivalent doped erbium ions (Er3+) are the material of choice for 1550 nm excited upconversion, however, they suffer from a low absorption cross-section and a low brightness. Therefore, the ability of Silicon metasurfaces to provide greatly enhanced electrical near-fields is employed to enable efficient photon upconversion even at low external Illumination conditions. Hexagonally shaped β-NaYF4:Er3+ nanoparticles are placed on large-area silicon metasurfaces designed to convert near-infrared (1550 nm) to visible light. More than 2400-fold enhanced photon upconversion luminescence is achieved by using this metasurface instead of a planar substrate.
With the aid of optical simulations based on the finite-element method, this result is attributed to the coupling of the excitation source with metasurface resonances at appropriate incident angles. Analysis of the excitation power density dependence of upconversion luminescence and red-to-green-emission ratios enables the estimation of nanoscale near-field enhancement on the metasurface. The findings permit the significant reduction of required external excitation intensities for photon upconversion of 1550 nm light, opening perspectives in biophotonics, telecommunication, and photovoltaics.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of priority organic pollutants, which contaminate environmental compartments, food, and consumer products as well. Due to their frequent occurrence associated with elevated Levels of PAHs, plastic and rubber parts of consumer products and toys are particular sources of exposure. Although European maximum levels exist for eight carcinogenic PAHs in consumer products and toys according to REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, certified reference materials (CRM) are still not available. To overcome this lack, the first CRM for the determination of PAHs in rubber toys (BAM-B001) was developed according to the requirements of ISO Guide 35. The whole process of CRM development including preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and value assignment is presented.
The assignment of the certified mass fractions was based upon in-house study at BAM using stable isotope Dilution analysis (SIDA) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The obtained values were confirmed by the results of two interlaboratory comparison (ILC) studies with more than 50 expert laboratories from Germany and China. The mass fractions of 14 PAHs including all REACH and GS mark regulated compounds were certified ranging between 0.2 and 15.4 mg/
kg accompanied by expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2). In addition, informative values were determined for 4 PAHs, mainly due to higher uncertainties and/or lack of ILC data for confirmation. BAM-B001 is intended for analytical quality control particularly based on the AfPS GS 2019:01 PAK method and contributes to improve the chemical safety of consumer products including toys.
Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/ sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.
We previously described the observation of a characteristic narrowband red luminescence emission of burnt lime (CaO), whose reason was unknown so far. This study presents Raman spectra of Mg5 CO3)4(OH)2∙4H2O, Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2, MgCO3, CaMgCO3 and CaCO3 (in limestone powder) as well as luminescence spectra of their calcination products. Comparison of the latter revealed MgO:Cr3+ as the source of the red lime luminescence in all studied samples, containing magnesium oxide as major component, minor component or trace. Spectral characteristics and theoretical background of the luminescence emission of d-block elements integrated in crystal lattices are discussed with the aim of sharpening the awareness for this effect in the Raman community and promoting its application in materials analysis. The latter is demonstrated by the Raman microspectroscopic imaging of the distributions of both Raman-active and Raman-inactive phases in clinker remnants in a 19th-century meso Portland cement mortar sample, which contain relatively high amounts of free lime detected in the form of both luminescing CaO and Raman-scattering Ca(OH)2, owing to exposure of the surface of the thin section to humid air. A combination of light and Raman spectroscopy revealed a calcium–magnesium–iron sulphide phase, indicating sulphurous raw materials and/or solid fuels employed in the calcination process, which in contrast to previously described morphologies of sulphides in cement clinker form extensive greenish black layers on free lime crystals.
Microscope slide collections represent extremely valuable depositories of research material in a natural history, forensic, veterinary, and medical context. Unfortunately, most mounting media of these slides deteriorate over time, with the reason for this not yet understood at all. In this study, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and different types of light microscopy were used to investigate the ageing behaviour of naturally aged slides from museum collections and the experimentally aged media of Canada balsam and Permount™, representing a natural and a synthetic resin, respectively, with both being based on mixtures of various terpenes. Whereas Canada balsam clearly revealed chemical ageing processes, visible as increasing colouration, Permount™ showed physical deterioration recognisable by the increasing number of cracks, which even often impacted a mounted specimen. Noticeable changes to the chemical and physical properties of these mounting media take decades in the case of Canada balsam but just a few years in the case of Permount™. Our results question whether or not Canada balsam should really be regarded as a mounting medium that lasts for centuries, if its increasing degree of polymerisation can lead to a mount which is no longer restorable.
Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-based bichromophores can be readily synthesized in a consecutive three-component synthesis in good to excellent yields by condensation of aroyl chlorides and an N-(p-bromobenzyl) 2-methyl benzothiazolium salt followed by a Suzuki coupling, yielding a library of 31 bichromophoric fluorophores with substitution patterntunable emission properties. Varying both chromophores enables different communication pathways between the chromophores, exploiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and energy transfer (ET) properties, and thus, furnishing aggregation-based fluorescence switches. Possible applications range from fluorometric analysis of alcoholic beverages to pH sensors.
The concept of aggregation-induced emission represents a means to rationalise photoluminescence of usually nonfluorescent excimers in solid-state materials. In this publication, we study the photophysical properties of selected diaminodicyanoquinone (DADQ) derivatives in the solid state using a combined approach of experiment and theory. DADQs are a class of high-dipole organic chromophores promising for applications in non-linear optics and light-harvesting devices. Among the compounds investigated, we find both aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching effects rationalised by calculated energy transfer rates. Analysis of fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements provide the interesting result that (at least) two emissive species seem to contribute to the photophysical properties of DADQs. The main emission peak is notably broadened in the long-wavelength limit and exhibits a blue-shifted shoulder. We employ high-level quantum-chemical methods to validate a molecular approach to a solid-state problem and show that the complex emission features of DADQs can be attributed to a combination of H-type aggregates, monomers, and crystal structure defects.