Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (335)
Sprache
- Englisch (335) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- ja (335) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (51)
- Quantum yield (35)
- Sensor (24)
- Lifetime (21)
- Quality assurance (20)
- Dye (18)
- Photophysics (18)
- Nano (16)
- Synthesis (13)
- Cancer (12)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (12)
- Photoluminescence (12)
- Imaging (11)
- NIR (11)
- Lanthanide (10)
- Method (10)
- Nanomaterial (10)
- Nanoparticle (10)
- Immunoassay (9)
- Mass spectrometry (9)
- Particle (9)
- Electrochemistry (8)
- ICP-MS (8)
- Mass Spectrometry (8)
- Mechanism (8)
- Nanoparticles (8)
- Quantum dots (8)
- Reference material (8)
- ELISA (7)
- Energy transfer (7)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (7)
- Raman spectroscopy (7)
- Soil (7)
- Contrast agent (6)
- Gadolinium (6)
- Luminescence (6)
- MRI (6)
- Mycotoxins (6)
- Optical probe (6)
- PH (6)
- Surface chemistry (6)
- Traceability (6)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (6)
- Affinity chromatography (5)
- Core-shell particles (5)
- Cr(III) (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- Laser ablation (5)
- Ligand (5)
- Microscopy (5)
- Multiplexing (5)
- Single particle (5)
- Aggregation (4)
- Analytical Chemistry (4)
- Brightness (4)
- Calibration (4)
- Cement (4)
- Industry 4.0 (4)
- Interlaboratory comparison (4)
- LA-ICP-MS (4)
- LC-MS/MS (4)
- Lab-on-a-chip (4)
- Metabolomics (4)
- Nitrotyrosine (4)
- Polymer (4)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (4)
- Raman microspectroscopy (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- SWIR (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- XPS (4)
- XRF (4)
- Air pollution (3)
- Allergy (3)
- BODIPY (3)
- Bead (3)
- Biosensing (3)
- Bisphenol A (3)
- Brain (3)
- Coating (3)
- Complex (3)
- Copper (3)
- Corrosion (3)
- Crystal (3)
- DNA origami (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Excitation power density (3)
- Extracellular matrix (3)
- Food (3)
- Food analysis (3)
- Gadofosveset (3)
- Gas chromatography (3)
- General Medicine (3)
- HRMS (3)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (3)
- Human serum (3)
- Hydrolysis (3)
- Iron oxide (3)
- Isotope dilution (3)
- Isotope ratio (3)
- LIBS (3)
- MOF (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Mechanochemistry (3)
- Metrology (3)
- Molecular imaging (3)
- Molecular imprinting (3)
- Monoclonal antibody (3)
- Mycotoxin (3)
- NMR (3)
- Nitration (3)
- Optical spectroscopy (3)
- PFAS (3)
- Pollution (3)
- Probe (3)
- Quantification (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Screening (3)
- Sensitization (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Switch (3)
- Transformation products (3)
- Tyrosine (3)
- Uncertainty (3)
- Upconversion (3)
- AAS (2)
- Absolute isotope ratio (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Aggregation induced emission (2)
- Amorphous carbon (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Antikörper (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Atomic force microscopy (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Bead-based assay (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biocides (2)
- CONSENS (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Comparability (2)
- Core–shell particles (2)
- Core−shell particles (2)
- Cuprorivaite (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta scale (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Diagnostics (2)
- Dimerization (2)
- Dityrosine (2)
- Documentation (2)
- Egyptian blue (2)
- Electron microscopy (2)
- Emission spectroscopy (2)
- Endocrine disruptor (2)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (2)
- Enhancement (2)
- Environmental Chemistry (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Fertilizer (2)
- Ferumoxytol (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- Glyphosate (2)
- HPLC (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- HTS (2)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Hybridoma (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Indium phosphide (2)
- Indoor air (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Iron (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- LIF (2)
- Label (2)
- Lanthanides (2)
- Lateral flow assay (2)
- Life sciences (2)
- Limit of detection (2)
- Lipidomic profile (2)
- Lithium (2)
- MALDI (2)
- MALDI-TOF MS (2)
- MC-ICP-MS (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Measurement uncertainty (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesoporous materials (2)
- Metabolic stress (2)
- Method development (2)
- Microbeads (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Modelling (2)
- Modular Production (2)
- Monolithic column (2)
- Nanomaterials (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrogen oxides (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Open Science (2)
- Optical detection (2)
- Organic contaminants (2)
- Origami (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- Ozone (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Ph (2)
- Phenylalanine (2)
- Phosphorylated peptides (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Process Analytical Technology (2)
- Production (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Protein (2)
- Protein nitration (2)
- Quality Control (2)
- Quality control (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Raman (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Roughness (2)
- SPR (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Sequence coverage (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Shell (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Single molecule (2)
- Software (2)
- Solid state NMR (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Standards (2)
- Surface (2)
- Synthetic peptides (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- Test strips (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal desorption (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tumor metabolism (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- Validation (2)
- Water analysis (2)
- Yb(III) complex (2)
- ZIF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 150th anniversary (1)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AIE (1)
- AIS (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- Aautomatisation (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acoustic resonance (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Adulteration (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Affinity (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Aggregation-induced emission (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air sampling (1)
- Airport (1)
- AlCl (1)
- Alanine scan (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amoxicillin (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Animal slurry (1)
- Anion recognition (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody antigen complex (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody quality (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling surface (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- App (1)
- Application (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Argon (1)
- Array (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Ash content (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Assay (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic weight (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Autoantibodies (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automation (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- BAM (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BODIPY dyes (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BODIPYs (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Batch analysis (1)
- Bead injections (1)
- Benchmarking study (1)
- Benchtop NMR (1)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Benzin (1)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (1)
- Benzothiadiazole (1)
- Benzoxadiazole dyes (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bet v 1 (1)
- Betula pendula (1)
- Binary gas mixture (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binding molecule (1)
- Binding strength (1)
- Bio-interaction (1)
- Bioanalysis (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodiesel (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Bioimaging (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Birch pollen allergen (1)
- Bismuth (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boltzmann plot (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Boron compound (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Building material (1)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- CEA (1)
- CO2 + n-alkanes (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRP (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcite (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium carbonate (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration-free analysis (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- Cell (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Charged dyes (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical evolution (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chirality (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chloroanilines (1)
- Ciaaw.org (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Citrullinated (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clone M2 (1)
- Cobaloxime complex (1)
- Cocoa (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collection (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Color (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combinatorial chemistry (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (1)
- Commercial metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Competitive immunoassay (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Conductometry (1)
- Conformation (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Construction (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Continuous Processes (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Core-shell (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cucurbituril (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- DFA (1)
- DFT (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DPA (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data processing (1)
- De novo peptide sequencing (1)
- Deep learning-based tools (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Delta isotope standard (1)
- Delta value (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Density data (1)
- Design of experiment (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Development (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital holographic cytometry (1)
- Digital immunoassay (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Disinfection (1)
- Dissociation constant (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Dityrosine crosslinking (1)
- Docking (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Dual sensing (1)
- Dual-color labeling glycan (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye loading optimisation (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dye release (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EP-3533 (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESR (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Electrochemical (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Enantiomeric excess ee (1)
- Encapsulation (1)
- Encoding (1)
- Endokriner Disruptor (1)
- Enhancement strategy (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Environmental speciation (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Equations of state (1)
- Equilibrium constant (1)
- Error correction (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Excimers (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Exocytosis (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Explosives detection (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FLAG peptide (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FRET (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton-like systems (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Flexible crystals (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Fluorescein (1)
- Fluorescence Polarization (1)
- Fluorescence label (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluorescent sensors (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Folding chirality (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fourier transform spectroscopy (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fragmentation pathway (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functional monomers (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Galvanic anodes (1)
- Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gated materials (1)
- Gd-DOTA (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- Genotoxicity testing (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Github (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanocluster (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Grass pollen (1)
- Green light excitation (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Group profile (1)
- Guanidinium receptors (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat accumulation (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heavy chains (1)
- Hemihydrate (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High pH (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-pressure density (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrodynamic model (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen uptake reproducibility (1)
- Hydrogen-containing gas mixture (1)
- Hydrogen-enriched natural gas (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydroxy warfarin (1)
- IC50 (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- ID-MS (1)
- ILC (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- Ice algae (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immunassay (1)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunocapture (1)
- Immunoglobulin E (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Impact (1)
- Imprinting (1)
- Impurites (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-house calibration solution (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Indicator displacement assay (1)
- Indoor air quality (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively‑coupled mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Inert gases (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Inline Analytics (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inorganic impurities (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Inter layer time (1)
- Interferometric spectroscopy (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Ion chromatography (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope amount ratios (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (1)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1)
- Isotope reference material (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic fractionation (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Jahrestag (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LSVEC (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser induced plasma deposition (1)
- Laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) (1)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layers (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Lead (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- LiYF4 (1)
- Library (1)
- Life science (1)
- Lifetime encoding (1)
- Lifetime-encoded beads (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Light chains (1)
- Light harvesting (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Lluminescence (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Low-cost (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MIC (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MLCT (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MST (1)
- MW-AES (1)
- MYCN (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (1)
- Mass-Spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Material sciences (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesofluidics (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolic profiling (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metal cluster (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Methanol oxidation (1)
- Methylanilines (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Microfluidic mixing (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Micrometeorites (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Miller and Urey (1)
- Mineral identification (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Mineral paragenesis (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Missing fragmentation sites (1)
- Mixed surface (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Mobile phase (1)
- Model (1)
- Model Predictive Control (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- Multiplexed assay (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Multivariate methods (1)
- Murchison meteorite (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR dyes (1)
- NIR-I (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NSE (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanostructures (1)
- Neoallergen (1)
- Neoepitopes (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neutral dyes (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitrogen dioxide (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen monoxide (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- OBOC library (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oligomerization (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- On-chip screening (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- One-bead-one-compound library (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Online detection (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Open science (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical imaging (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic-inorganic hybrid composites (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PCA (1)
- PDT (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PSA (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Pants (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Peptide aptamers (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptide folding (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptide probe (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Permethrin (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Petroleum (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phl p 5 (1)
- Phleum pratense (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorescence (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer (1)
- Photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Physico-chemical characterisation of minerals (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Planck function (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plasma chemistry (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Point of inflection (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polarity (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer particles (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Porous rock (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portable (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Potash (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Power density (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Prebiotic chemistry (1)
- Precision agriculture (1)
- Precision farming (1)
- Preprocessing (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Primordial soup (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Process Analytical Tecnology (1)
- Process Industry (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Proinflammatory cytokines (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein degradation (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein oligomers (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Protein-modification (1)
- Proteinoid (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Proximal soil sensing (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pt(111) (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Purification (1)
- Purity (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantitative protein analysis (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quartz (1)
- R package (1)
- RBD (1)
- REMPI (1)
- Racemate (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Redox (1)
- Redox switch (1)
- Reference (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference data (1)
- References (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Ruthenium(II) complexes (1)
- SA conjugates (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SBA-15 (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SEM (1)
- SERDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SVOC (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Scale conversion (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Security (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Segregation (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequencing algorithm (1)
- Serum (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single particle ICP-MS (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Single-sinker densimeter (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Small-angle scattering (1)
- Smart sensors (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smartphone readout (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Sol-gel process (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid state emission (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Spatial heterodyne spectrometer (1)
- Special issue (1)
- Specific probe (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectra annotation (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Speed of sound (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Standard atomic weight (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stranski–Krastanow growth (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Substance release (1)
- Sulfide sensing (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Supported catalyst (1)
- Supramolecular Chemistry (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- TEM (1)
- TFA (1)
- TLR4 activation (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Target (1)
- Tau (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temperature Control (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Test midpoint (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermography (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Tholins (1)
- Tilting (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Toll-like receptor 4 (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Vis (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Umweltschadstoffe (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Uptake studies (1)
- VO (1)
- VVOC (1)
- Validate method (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium oxide catalysts (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virial coefficients (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volumetric uptake (1)
- WD-XRF (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Wipe test (1)
- Wood chips (1)
- Work function (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- XANES (1)
- YES assay (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Ytterbium (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- calibration (1)
- compost (1)
- dye (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- pH probe (1)
- photoluminescence (1)
- self-replication (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temperature (1)
- thermophysical properties (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- β-Lactam (1)
- γ-H2AX assay (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (335) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (12)
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is becoming a more mature technology every year with new variants such as laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry, reheating by various discharge techniques, and multiple pulse excitation schemes, in which sometimes lasers of different pulse lengths are used. However, lasers with inherent parameters like pulse length and repetition rate are still almost exclusively employed. Recent years have witnessed the advent of novel high-repetition-rate laser concepts for machining processes, like welding, milling, and engraving. Here, a comprehensive study of single-pulse LIBS spectra of a single aluminum target is presented to showcase the applicability of flexible high duty-cycle master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) lasers. Although traditional flashlamp-pumped Fabry–Pérot lasers only permit a variation in the pulse energy and are operated at very low duty-cycles, MOPA lasers add repetition rate and pulse length as variable parameters. A thorough analysis of the temporal plasma behavior revealed the emission dynamic to closely match the excitation laser pulse pattern. An aluminum sample’s spectral response was shown to be significantly impacted by variations in both rate and length. Although the spectral emission strength of the elemental lines of Al, Sr, and Ca all peaked at slightly different parameter settings, the strongest impact was found on the relative abundance of molecular AlO bands. Unlike in previous laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) publications, the latter could be readily detected with a good intensity and well-resolved spectral features without any temporal gating of the detector. This finding, together with the fact that MOPA lasers are both inexpensive and dependable, makes for a promising combination for future studies including the detection of diatomic band structures.
The performance of second generation ICP-TOFMS, equipped with a micro-channel plate (MCP) enabling multi-isotope detection, in terms of isotope ratio precision and instrumental isotopic fractionation (IIF) for (multi-)isotope ratio analysis was thoroughly assessed for B, Sr and Pb. Experimental isotope ratio precision of 0.14 % for 11B/10B intensity ratio, 0.15 % for 87Sr/86Sr intensity ratio and 0.07% for 208Pb/206Pb intensity ratio were obtained at high signal levels ($500 mg L−1) which is comparable to first generation ICP-TOFMS. The long-term stability of isotope ratios, measured over several hours and expressed as repeatability, is between 0.05 % and 1.8 % for B, Sr and Pb. The observed IIF per mass unit is negative for B (i.e., −11 % for 11B/10B) which is in accordance with measurements using sector field (MC) ICP-MS. But the observed IIF per mass unit is positive for Sr (i.e., 2 % for 87Sr/86Sr) and Pb (i.e., 4.5 % for 208Pb/206Pb) which is not in accordance with measurements using sector field (MC) ICP-MS. Furthermore, different IIFs per mass unit were observed for different isotope pairs of the same isotopic system (i.e., Sr, Pb) and adjacent isotopic systems (i.e., Pb vs. Tl). This and the observations from three-isotope plots for Sr and Pb show that ion formation, ion extraction, ion transmission, ion separation and ion detection in second generation ICP-TOFMS is subject to IIF that does not follow the known mass dependent fractionation laws and is possibly caused by mass independent fractionation and/or multiple (contradictory) fractionation processes with varying contributions. The non-mass dependent IIF behavior observed for second generation ICP TOFMS has profound consequences for the IIF correction of isotope raw data, including application of multi-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) using ICP-TOFMS. Hence, only IIF correction models that correct also for mass independent fractionation are applicable to calculate reliable isotope ratios using second generation ICP-TOFMS. In the present study, reliable d11B values, and absolute B, Sr and Pb isotope ratios could be determined using the SSB approach in single-element solutions as well as in a mixture of B, Sr and Pb, where the isotopes were measured simultaneously.
An automated and straightforward detection and data treatment strategy for the determination of the protein relative concentration in individual human cells by single cell–inductively coupled plasma–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (sc-ICP-ToF-MS) is proposed. Metal nanocluster (NC)-labeled specific antibodies for the target proteins were employed, and ruthenium red (RR) staining, which binds to the cells surface, was used to determine the number of cell events as well as to evaluate the relative volume of the cells. As a proof of concept, the expression of hepcidin, metallothionein-2, and ferroportin employing specific antibodies labeled with IrNCs, PtNCs, and AuNCs, respectively, was investigated by sc-ICP-ToF-MS in human ARPE-19 cells. Taking into account that ARPE-19 cells are spherical in suspension and RR binds to the surface of the cells, the Ru intensity was related to the cell volume (i.e., the cell volume is directly proportional to (Ru intensity)3/2), making it possible to determine not only the mass of the target proteins in each individual cell but also the relative concentration. The proposed approach is of particular interest in comparing cell cultures subjected to different supplementations. ARPE-19 cell cultures under two stress conditions were compared: a hyperglycemic model and an oxidative stress model. The comparison of the control with treated cells shows not only the mass of analyzed species but also the relative changes in the cell volume and concentration of target proteins, clearly allowing the identification of subpopulations under the respective treatment.
Surface-functionalized polymer beads encoded with molecular luminophores and nanocrystalline emitters such as semiconductor nanocrystals, often referred to as quantum dots (QDs), or magnetic nanoparticles are broadly used in the life sciences as reporters and carrier beads. Many of these applications require a profound knowledge of the chemical nature and total number of their surface functional groups (FGs), that control bead charge, colloidal stability, hydrophobicity, and the interaction with the environment and biological systems. For bioanalytical applications, also the number of groups accessible for the subsequent functionalization with, e.g., biomolecules or targeting ligands is relevant. In this study, we explore the influence of QD encoding on the amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) surface FGs of 2 μm polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs). This is done for frequently employed oleic acid and oleylamine stabilized, luminescent core/shell CdSe QDs and two commonly used encoding procedures. This included QD addition during bead formation by a thermally induced polymerization reaction and a post synthetic swelling procedure. The accessible number of COOH groups on the surface of QD-encoded and pristine beads was quantified by two colorimetric assays, utilizing differently sized reporters and electrostatic and covalent interactions. The results were compared to the total number of FGs obtained by a conductometric titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, a comparison of the impact of QD and dye encoding on the bead surface chemistry was performed. Our results demonstrate the influence of QD encoding and the QD-encoding strategy on the number of surface FG that is ascribed to an interaction of the QDs with the carboxylic acid groups on the bead surface. These findings are of considerable relevance for applications of nanoparticle-encoded beads and safe-by-design concepts for nanomaterials.
On the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for sampling VVOCs: validation of an analytical method
(2023)
A standardised method for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in indoor air is still missing. This study evaluates the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for 60 compounds (47 VVOCs + 13 VOCs) by comparing their recoveries with different spiking modes. The influence of the spiking of the tubes in dry nitrogen, humidified air or along the whole flushing duration mimicking real sampling was investigated. 49 substances (36 VVOCs from C1 to C6) had recoveries over 70% on the adsorbent in humidified air and were validated. The linearity of the calibration curves was verified for every spiking mode and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined. The LOQs were lower than the existing indoor air guideline values. The robustness of the method was considered by studying the influence of the sampling volume, the sampling flow rate, the humidity level and the storage of the tubes. In general, the most volatile or polar substances were the less robust ones. The combined measurement uncertainty was calculated and lies below 35% for a vast majority of the substances. An example of an emission chamber test using polyurethane foam is shown: Carbograph 5TD performs much better than Tenax® TA for VVOCs and emissions from n-butane were quantified with combined measurement uncertainty.
In precision agriculture, the estimation of soil parameters via sensors and the creation of nutrient maps are a prerequisite for farmers to take targeted measures such as spatially resolved fertilization. In this work, 68 soil samples uniformly distributed over a field near Bonn are investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These investigations include the determination of the total contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as further soil parameters such as soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and soil texture. The applied LIBS instruments are a handheld and a platform spectrometer, which potentially allows for the single-point measurement and scanning of whole fields, respectively. Their results are compared with a high-resolution lab spectrometer.
The prediction of soil parameters was based on multivariate methods. Different feature selection methods and regression methods like PLS, PCR, SVM, Lasso, and Gaussian processes were tested and compared. While good predictions were obtained for Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Cu, and silt content, excellent predictions were obtained for K, Fe, and clay content. The comparison of the three different spectrometers showed that although the lab spectrometer gives the best results, measurements with both field spectrometers also yield good results. This allows for a method transfer to the in-field measurements
This study describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) among nine (9) laboratories to evaluate and validate the standard operation procedure (SOP) for single-particle (sp) ICP-TOFMS developed within the context of the Horizon 2020 project ACEnano. The ILC was based on the characterization of two different Pt nanoparticle (NP) suspensions in terms of particle mass, particle number concentration, and isotopic composition. The two Pt NP suspensions were measured using icpTOF instruments (TOFWERK AG, Switzerland).
Two Pt NP samples were characterized and mass equivalent spherical sizes (MESSs) of 40.4 ± 7 nm and 58.8 ± 8 nm were obtained, respectively. MESSs showed <16% relative standard deviation (RSD) among all participating labs and <4% RSD after exclusion of the two outliers. A good agreement was achieved between the different participating laboratories regarding particle mass, but the particle number concentration results were more scattered, with <53% RSD among all laboratories, which is consistent with results from previous ILC studies conducted using ICP-MS instrumentation equipped with a sequential mass spectrometer. Additionally, the capabilities of sp-ICP-TOFMS to determine masses on a particle basis are discussed with respect to the potential for particle density determination. Finally, because quasi-simultaneous multi-isotope and multielement determinations are a strength of ICP-TOFMS instrumentation, the precision and trueness of isotope ratio determinations were assessed. The average of 1000 measured particles yielded a precision of below ±1% for intensity ratios of the most abundant Pt isotopes, i.e. 194Pt and 195Pt, while the accuracy of isotope ratios with the lower abundant isotopes was limited by counting statistics.
Per- and polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants and can occur in surface and groundwater. To identify the degree of pollution in surface water with PFAS, often targeted HPLC–ESI–MS/MS has been employed in which commonly 30–40 compounds are analyzed. However, other PFAS and organofuorines remain undetected. We sampled surface water of the river Spree and the Teltow Canal in Berlin, Germany, which are afected by the efuent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we employed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) for measuring extractable organofuorines (EOF) and compared in a mass balance approach the total fuorine to the identifed and quantifed PFAS from the targeted analysis. The analysis highlights that the EOF are in the range expected for an urban river system (Winchell et al. in Sci Total Environ 774, 2021). However, downstream of an efuent discharge, the EOF increased by one order of magnitude, e.g., 40.3 to 574 ng F L−1, along the Teltow Canal. From our target analytes, mostly short-chained perfuorinated carboxylic acids and sulfonates occur in the water, which however makes up less than 10% of the EOF. The increase in EOF in the Teltow Canal correlates well with the increase of perfuorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), indicating that PFHxA is characteristic for the discharged EOF but not responsible for the increase. Hence, it points to PFHxA precursor discharge. The study highlights that EOF screening using HR-CS-GFMAS is necessary to identify the full scale of pollution with regard to PFAS and other organofuorines such as pharmaceutical compounds from the efuent of WWTPs.
Immunoassays, based on the recognition and capture of analytes by highly selective antibodies, are now used extensively in all areas of diagnostics, but the challenge is to further integrate them into online sensors. To improve the transition from laboratory immunoassays to immunosensors, we have developed a complete flow system, based on a microfluidic core flow cell to enable automated detection of one of the most commonly used immunoassay substrates, TMB, by chronoamperometry. The architecture and fluidic optimisation of the system showed that a specially designed 3D flow cell allows higher flow rates (500 μL min−1) than a standard enlarged microfluidic channel (50 μL min−1) resulting in a significantly shorter detection time of 30 seconds per sample and making the system more robust against interferences due to bubble formation in the chip. The electrochemical measurements showed an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus higher sensitivity for a model immunoassay for diclofenac (SNR = 59), compared to the analytical performance of a conventional laboratory microplate-based assay with optical detection (SNR = 19). In general, this system facilitates the conversion of any conventional immunoassay into an immunosensor with automatic and continuous detection.
An interlaboratory comparison (ILC)was organised to characterise 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in geological and industrial reference materials by applying the so-called conventional method for determining 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios. Four cements (VDZ 100a,VDZ 200a, VDZ 300a, IAG OPC-1), one limestone (IAG CGL ML-3) and one slate (IAG OU-6) reference materials were selected, covering a wide range of naturally occurring Sr isotopic signatures. Thirteen laboratories received aliquots of these six reference materials together with a detailed technical protocol. The consensus values for the six reference materials and their associated measurement uncertainties were obtained by applying a Gaussian, linear mixed effects model fitted to all the measurement results. By combining the consensus values and their uncertainties with an uncertainty contribution for potential heterogeneity, reference values ranging from 0.708134 mol mol-1 to 0.729778 mol mol-1 were obtained with relative expanded uncertainties of ≤ 0.007 %. This study represents an ILC on conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios, within which metrological principles were considered and the compatibility of measurement results obtained by MC-ICP-MS and by MC-TIMS is demonstrated. The materials characterised in this study can be used as reference materials for validation and quality control purposes and to estimate measurement uncertainties in conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurement.
Outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a crucial role in determining attachment behavior and pathogenicity of bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a simple procedure for anchoring bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polystyrene (PS) microparticles as a model system for in situ attachment studies. By using a swellcapture methodology, commercially available LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 27316 serotype 10.22) was anchored onto PS microparticles in a proof-of-concept study. A detailed chemical and morphological characterization has proven the success of LPS incorporation. It was shown that the coverage and structure of the LPS film was concentration dependent. The procedure can easily be adapted to LPS of other bacterial strains to generate a synthetic model toolkit for attachment studies.
BPA is a chemical commonly used in the production of polymer-based materials that can have detrimental effects on the thyroid gland and impact human reproductive health. Various expensive methods, such as liquid and gas chromatography, have been suggested for detecting BPA.
The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is an inexpensive and efficient homogeneous mix-and-read method that allows for high-throughput screening. FPIA offers high specificity and sensitivity and can be carried out in a single phase within a timeframe of 20–30 min. In this study, new tracer molecules were designed that linked the fluorescein fluorophore with and without a spacer to the bisphenol A moiety. To assess the influence of the C6 spacer on the sensitivity of an assay based on the respective antibody, hapten–protein conjugates were synthesized and assessed for performance in an ELISA setup, and this resulted in a highly sensitive assay with a detection limit of 0.05 µg/L. The lowest limit of detection was reached by employing the spacer derivate in the FPIA and was 1.0 µg/L, working range from 2 to 155 µg/L. The validation of the methods was conducted using actual samples compared to LC–MS/MS, which served as the reference method. The FPIA and ELISA both demonstrated satisfactory concordance.
The application of compact NMR instruments to hot flowing samples or exothermically reacting mixtures is limited by the temperature sensitivity of permanent magnets. Typically, such temperature effects directly influence the achievable magnetic field homogeneity and hence measurement quality. The internal-temperature control loop of the magnet and instruments is not designed for such temperature compensation. Passive insulation is restricted by the small dimensions within the magnet borehole. Here, we present a design approach for active heat shielding with the aim of variable temperature control of NMR samples for benchtop NMR instruments using a compressed airstream which is variable in flow and temperature. Based on the system identification and surface temperature measurements through thermography, a model predictive control was set up to minimise any disturbance effect on the permanent magnet from the probe or sample temperature. This methodology will facilitate the application of variable-temperature shielding and, therefore, extend the application of compact NMR instruments to flowing sample temperatures that differ from the magnet temperature.
In this study, five laboratories, namely, BRML (Romania), TUBITAK UME (Turkey), IMBIH (Bosnia and Herzegovina), BAM (Germany), and DTI (Denmark), developed and validated analytical procedures by ICP-MS, ICP-OES, MWP-AES, WD-XRF, and ID-MS for the determination of inorganic
impurities in solid and liquid biofuels, established the budget of uncertainties, and developed the method for determining the amount of ash in the measurement range 0–1.2% with absolute repeatability less than 0.1% and absolute reproducibility of 0.2% (according to EN ISO 18122). In order to create homogeneous certified reference materials, improved methodologies for the measurement and characterization of solid and liquid biofuels were developed. Thus, information regarding the precision, accuracy, and bias of the method, and identifying the factors that intervened in the measurement of uncertainty were experimentally determined, supplementing the information from the existing standards in the field.
A combination of TLC-bioautography, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC–MS/MS methods was used to identify flavonoids with anti-α-amylase activity in extracts of Lathyrus pratensis L. (herb), L. polyphillus L. (fruits), Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. (herb) and S. japonica L. (buds). After the TLC-autobiography assay, substances with anti-amylase activity were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS followed by confirmation of the result by LC–MS/MS. Results of the study revealed that the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, formononetin, genistein and kaempferol display marked anti-α-amylase activity. Formononetin showed the largest activity. Compared with LC–MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS is a quick and convenient method; results can be obtained within minutes; and only minor sample amounts are required which allows us to analyse mixtures of substances without preliminary separation. However, the inability to distinguish between isomers is the main limitation of the method.
Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4), as a cleaning technique, was combined on-line with the multielemental analytical capabilities of an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-ToF-MS). In that manner, the heavy ionic matrix effect of untreated cells' samples can be significantly reduced. As a proof of concept, commercial baker's yeast cells were analysed.
We investigated the performance of nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasma mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) under matrix effects and its applicability to trace element analysis in steels. Influences of different gas flows and ion optics on the matrix tolerance are studied, indicating that nebulizer gas flow has the most significant impact. Optimization of ion optics improves matrix tolerance for light elements due to the reduction of the inelastic collisional scattering effect. With optimized operating conditions, MICAP-MS achieves an internal standard intensity recovery of over 90% at an Fe concentration of 500 mg L−1. Even at an Fe concentration of 1 g L−1, the recovery remains above 80%. Three certified reference materials – non-alloy, low-alloy and high-alloy steel – were analyzed using MICAP-MS. The determined mass concentrations of the trace and minor components show metrological compatibility to the reference values. No significant differences are observed between the results obtained with aqueous and matrix-matched calibration, demonstrating the strong matrix tolerance of MICAP-MS, and its promising applicability to steel analysis.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing cardiac vascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study presents a proof-of-concept chemiluminescence-based immunosensor for rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI, with the potential for online monitoring. The immunosensor incorporates a flow cell design and a sensitive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera for optical readout. A microfluidic setup was established to enable selective and quasi-online determination of cTnI within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer, demonstrating measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) achieved using the optimized system. The immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, as no cross-reactivity was observed with other recombinant proteins such as cTnT and cTnC at a concentration of 16 µg/L. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum yielded an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively. This biosensor offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of cTnI, contributing to the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiac vascular diseases.
For the first time, µ-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) mapping combined with fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy was applied to depict per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination and inorganic fluoride in samples concentrations down to 100 µg/kg fluoride. To demonstrate the matrix tolerance of the method, several PFAS contaminated soil and sludge samples as well as selected consumer product samples (textiles, food contact paper and permanent baking sheet) were investigated. µ-XRF mapping allows for a unique element-specific visualisation at the sample surface and enables localisation of fluorine containing compounds to a depth of 1 µm. Manually selected fluorine rich spots were subsequently analysed via fluorine K-edge µ-XANES spectroscopy. To support spectral interpretation with respect to inorganic and organic chemical distribution and compound class determination, linear combination (LC) fitting was applied to all recorded µ-XANES spectra. Complementarily, solvent extracts of all samples were target-analysed via LC-MS/MS spectrometry. The detected PFAS sum values range from 20 to 1136 µg/kg dry weight (dw). All environmentally exposed samples revealed higher concentration of PFAS with a chain length >C8 (e.g. 580 µg/kg dw PFOS for Soil1), whereas the consumer product samples showed a more uniform distribution with regard to chain lengths from C4 to C8. Independent from quantified PFAS amounts via target analysis, µ-XRF mapping combined with µ-XANES spectroscopy was successfully applied to detect both point-specific concentration maxima and evenly distributed surface coatings of fluorinated organic contaminants in the corresponding samples.
Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a widely used technique for purifying polyhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins. However, it often has practical limitations that require complex optimizations and additional steps for purification. In this study, we introduce functionalized corundum particles as a novel, efficient, and economical method for purifying recombinant proteins in a column-free format. The corundum surface is modified with amino silane APTES, followed by EDTA dianhydride, and then loaded with nickel ions. We used the Kaiser test to monitor the modification process and ICP-MS to quantify the metal-binding capacity. To evaluate the system, we used His-tagged protein A/G (PAG) mixed with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The corundum particles exhibited a binding capacity of approximately 3 mg of protein per gram of corundum or 2.4 mg per 1 mL of corundum suspension. We also examined cytoplasm obtained from different E. coli strains as an example of a complex matrix. Varying the imidazole concentration in the loading and washing buffers showed that higher concentrations during loading improved purity. Even with sample volumes as large as one liter, we successfully isolated recombinant proteins down to a concentration of 1 µg/mL. We found higher purity levels with corundum when comparing the corundum material to standard Ni–NTA agarose beads. We successfully purified His6-MBP-mSA2, a fusion protein comprising monomeric streptavidin and maltose-binding protein, from E. coli cytoplasm, demonstrating the method's applicability. We also purified SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-His8 expressed in human Expi293F cells, confirming its suitability for mammalian cell culture supernatants. The material cost of the nickel-loaded corundum material (without regeneration) is estimated to be less than 30 cents per gram of functionalized support or 10 cents per milligram of isolated protein. Another advantage of this system is the exceptional physical and chemical stability of corundum particles. Overall, we have demonstrated that this novel material offers an efficient, robust, and cost-effective purification platform for His-tagged proteins, even in challenging, complex matrices and large sample volumes with low product concentrations. This method has potential applications in both small laboratories and large-scale industrial settings.