Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (2295) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Additive manufacturing (69)
- Fluorescence (56)
- Nanoparticles (48)
- SAXS (46)
- Concrete (45)
- Corrosion (37)
- MALDI-TOF MS (37)
- Ultrasound (37)
- Quantum yield (36)
- Non-destructive testing (33)
- Mechanochemistry (29)
- Polylactide (29)
- Laser beam welding (27)
- Microstructure (25)
- NDT (25)
- Sensor (25)
- Additive Manufacturing (24)
- Computed tomography (24)
- Mechanical properties (24)
- Nanoparticle (24)
- Quality assurance (24)
- Raman spectroscopy (24)
- Simulation (24)
- Lifetime (23)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (23)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (22)
- Nanomaterial (21)
- Synthesis (21)
- Thermography (21)
- Dye (20)
- Hydrogen (20)
- Machine learning (19)
- Reliability (19)
- Fatigue (18)
- Imaging (18)
- Photophysics (18)
- Laser powder bed fusion (17)
- Nano (17)
- Residual stress (17)
- Structural health monitoring (17)
- Welding (17)
- Alkali-activated materials (15)
- Cancer (15)
- Electrochemistry (15)
- Mass spectrometry (15)
- Reference material (15)
- Steel (15)
- XPS (15)
- Monitoring (14)
- X-ray computed tomography (14)
- Catalysis (13)
- Crystallization (13)
- LIBS (13)
- NIR (13)
- Photoluminescence (13)
- Scattering (13)
- Leaching (12)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (12)
- Polymer (12)
- Polymers (12)
- X-ray diffraction (12)
- AFM (11)
- Ectoine (11)
- ICP-MS (11)
- Immunoassay (11)
- In situ (11)
- Residual stresses (11)
- Soil (11)
- X-ray scattering (11)
- Circular economy (10)
- Creep (10)
- DNA (10)
- Electron microscopy (10)
- Flame retardant (10)
- Graphene (10)
- Lanthanide (10)
- Luminescence (10)
- Method (10)
- Microscopy (10)
- Aging (9)
- Biocides (9)
- Cement (9)
- Composites (9)
- EBSD (9)
- Femtosecond laser (9)
- Friction (9)
- High entropy alloy (9)
- Laser ablation (9)
- Mechanism (9)
- Metrology (9)
- Microplastics (9)
- Particle (9)
- Process monitoring (9)
- Quantification (9)
- Quantum dots (9)
- Reproducibility (9)
- Solidification cracking (9)
- Spectroscopy (9)
- Synchrotron (9)
- Ti-6Al-4V (9)
- Tomography (9)
- Tribology (9)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (9)
- XRD (9)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (8)
- Atomic force microscopy (8)
- Bacteria (8)
- Biofilm (8)
- Bottom ash (8)
- CCS (8)
- Degradation (8)
- ELISA (8)
- Heat treatment (8)
- Laser metal deposition (8)
- Moisture (8)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (8)
- Nanomaterials (8)
- Nondestructive testing (8)
- Phosphorus (8)
- Radiation protection (8)
- Reference materials (8)
- Transmission electron microscopy (8)
- Ultrasonic testing (8)
- Validation (8)
- Wear (8)
- Acoustic emission (7)
- Active thermography (7)
- Archaeometry (7)
- Calibration (7)
- Cracks (7)
- DNA origami (7)
- Defects (7)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (7)
- Distributed fiber optic sensing (7)
- Durability (7)
- Energy transfer (7)
- Evolution (7)
- Ferroelectret (7)
- Gold (7)
- Interlaboratory comparison (7)
- MRI (7)
- Material moisture (7)
- Mechanical Engineering (7)
- Metals and Alloys (7)
- Nanocomposite (7)
- Neutron diffraction (7)
- Neutron imaging (7)
- Phase transformation (7)
- Radiography (7)
- Raman (7)
- SEM (7)
- Sintering (7)
- Structural Health Monitoring (7)
- Surface chemistry (7)
- Sustainability (7)
- Synchrotron radiation (7)
- Traceability (7)
- Ultrasonic-assisted milling (7)
- XANES (7)
- Affinity chromatography (6)
- Antimicrobial resistance (6)
- Automation (6)
- Biofilms (6)
- Biomaterials (6)
- Bridge (6)
- Characterization (6)
- Coda wave interferometry (6)
- Construction products (6)
- Contrast agent (6)
- Creep-resistant steel (6)
- Cyclization (6)
- DNA radiation damage (6)
- Damage detection (6)
- Density functional theory (6)
- Diffusion (6)
- EXAFS (6)
- FTIR (6)
- Fatigue strength (6)
- Fiber optics sensors (6)
- Gadolinium (6)
- General Chemistry (6)
- Glass (6)
- Ground vibration (6)
- High-strength steel (6)
- Iron (6)
- Lithium-ion battery (6)
- MOF (6)
- MOUSE (6)
- Mass Spectrometry (6)
- Measurement uncertainty (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- Multiplexing (6)
- Mycotoxins (6)
- NEXAFS (6)
- Numerical simulation (6)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (6)
- Optical probe (6)
- Oxidation (6)
- PH (6)
- Porosity (6)
- Process Analytical Technology (6)
- Radar (6)
- Residual Stress (6)
- Resistance spot welding (6)
- Software (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Standards (6)
- Surface functionalization (6)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- TIG welding (6)
- Ultrasonic (6)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (6)
- X-ray refraction (6)
- XRF (6)
- 3D printing (5)
- Air-coupled ultrasonic testing (5)
- Analytical Chemistry (5)
- Artificial neural networks (5)
- BAMline (5)
- Bioinformatics (5)
- CONSENS (5)
- Carbon steel (5)
- Catalyst (5)
- Cellular polypropylene (5)
- Civil engineering (5)
- Classification (5)
- Coating (5)
- Composite (5)
- Computed Tomography (5)
- Cone calorimeter (5)
- Core-shell particles (5)
- Corrosion fatigue (5)
- Corrosion resistance (5)
- Cr(III) (5)
- DFT (5)
- Dangerous goods packagings (5)
- Data fusion (5)
- Defect detection (5)
- Diffraction (5)
- Dosimetry (5)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (5)
- Embedded sensors (5)
- Energetic materials (5)
- Flame retardancy (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- General Materials Science (5)
- Graphene oxide (5)
- Hardness (5)
- ICP-OES (5)
- Inconel 718 (5)
- Industry 4.0 (5)
- Infrared thermography (5)
- Iron oxide (5)
- L-PBF (5)
- LA-ICP-MS (5)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (5)
- Laser processing (5)
- Laser thermography (5)
- Ligand (5)
- Low energy electrons (5)
- Mechanics of Materials (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- Model updating (5)
- Modelling (5)
- Molecular dynamics (5)
- NMR (5)
- Nanocomposites (5)
- Nitrotyrosine (5)
- Ontology (5)
- PFAS (5)
- POD (5)
- Polycondensation (5)
- Polyethylene (5)
- Polymerization (5)
- Porous materials (5)
- Radiation damage (5)
- Raman microspectroscopy (5)
- Recycling (5)
- Regulation (5)
- Resource efficiency (5)
- Rheology (5)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (5)
- Ring-opening polymerization (5)
- SHM (5)
- SWIR (5)
- Sewage sludge (5)
- Silver nanoparticles (5)
- Single particle (5)
- Stainless steel (5)
- Standardisation (5)
- Struvite (5)
- Super resolution (5)
- Surface integrity (5)
- Texture (5)
- Thermal runaway (5)
- Thick-walled steel (5)
- Toxicity (5)
- Tyrosine (5)
- Ultrasonics (5)
- AISI 316L (4)
- Aggregation (4)
- Air pollution (4)
- Alumina (4)
- Antibiotics (4)
- Antibody (4)
- Artificial neural network (4)
- BODIPY (4)
- Brightness (4)
- CFRP (4)
- Carbon dioxide (4)
- Carbon nanotubes (4)
- Ceramic (4)
- Complex (4)
- Compressive strength (4)
- Copper (4)
- Crack detection (4)
- Crystalinity (4)
- DAS (4)
- Damage (4)
- Data processing (4)
- Deep learning (4)
- Diffusible hydrogen (4)
- Digital image correlation (4)
- Digitalization (4)
- Distributed fiber sensing (4)
- Distributed vibration sensing (4)
- Ectoin (4)
- Emission test chamber (4)
- Environmental Chemistry (4)
- Epoxy (4)
- Escherichia coli (4)
- FEM (4)
- Fertilizer (4)
- Fiber optic sensors (4)
- Finite element analysis (4)
- Finite element method (4)
- Fluidics (4)
- Food (4)
- Fungi (4)
- GFRP (4)
- Gas chromatography (4)
- Geant4 (4)
- General Medicine (4)
- Geosynthetics (4)
- Halomonas elongata (4)
- Heat accumulation (4)
- High alloyed steel (4)
- Hybrid laser arc welding (4)
- Hybrid laser-arc welding (4)
- Hybrid mixtures (4)
- Hydrogen storage (4)
- Hydrolysis (4)
- Hyperbranched (4)
- In situ measurement (4)
- In situ monitoring (4)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (4)
- Inspection (4)
- Internal defects (4)
- Isotope ratio (4)
- Kinetics (4)
- LC-MS/MS (4)
- Lab-on-a-chip (4)
- MALDI TOF MS (4)
- MIC (4)
- Machine Learning (4)
- Manuscripts (4)
- Materials (4)
- Materials Chemistry (4)
- Medium entropy alloy (4)
- Metaproteomics (4)
- Microcracking (4)
- Microdosimetry (4)
- Monte Carlo methods (4)
- Mycotoxin (4)
- Nanostructures (4)
- Neutron scattering (4)
- Nickel (4)
- Nitration (4)
- Numerical modeling (4)
- Optical fiber sensor (4)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (4)
- Plastic deformation (4)
- Pollen (4)
- Pollution (4)
- Polyglycerol (4)
- Process Monitoring (4)
- Protein (4)
- Quality control (4)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (4)
- Radical scavenger (4)
- Railway (4)
- Reinforced concrete (4)
- Rubber (4)
- SERS (4)
- Sample preparation (4)
- Scanning electron microscopy (4)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (4)
- Sensors (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- Signal processing (4)
- Small-angle scattering (4)
- Stress relaxation (4)
- Stress relief cracking (4)
- Surface (4)
- Synergy (4)
- Termites (4)
- Thin films (4)
- Titanium dioxide (4)
- ToF-SIMS (4)
- Transducer (4)
- UV radiation (4)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (4)
- Upconversion (4)
- VOC (4)
- Virulence (4)
- Weathering (4)
- X-ray imaging (4)
- 316L (3)
- AGIL (3)
- Acid resistance (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Advanced materials (3)
- Aeroacoustics (3)
- Africa (3)
- Ageing (3)
- Air-coupled (3)
- Allergy (3)
- Alloy 36 (3)
- Aluminium (3)
- Amino acid analysis (3)
- Amyloid (3)
- Analytical methods (3)
- Antikörper (3)
- Artificial Intelligence (3)
- Bead (3)
- Benchmarking (3)
- Binder Jetting (3)
- Biosensing (3)
- Biosensor (3)
- Bisphenol A (3)
- Black fungi (3)
- Boehmite (3)
- Brain (3)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (3)
- Building and Construction (3)
- Building materials (3)
- C-F bond activation (3)
- C-OTDR (3)
- CALPHAD (3)
- CFD simulation (3)
- Carbon (3)
- Carbonation (3)
- Cement hydration (3)
- Ceramics and Composites (3)
- Certification (3)
- Chemical analysis (3)
- Chromatography (3)
- Cocrystal (3)
- Compatible solute (3)
- Compression set (3)
- Condensed Matter Physics (3)
- Coptic (3)
- Core-shell (3)
- Corrosion Fatigue (3)
- Corrosion testing (3)
- Crack (3)
- Crack depth (3)
- Crack evolution (3)
- Crack propagation (3)
- Cracking (3)
- Crystal (3)
- Crystal plasticity (3)
- Crystals (3)
- Cytotoxicity (3)
- DED (3)
- DFG SPP 2005 (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (3)
- Debye–Waller factor (3)
- Deep penetration (3)
- Diagnostics (3)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (3)
- Digital detector array (DDA) (3)
- Digital radiography (3)
- Digitalisation (3)
- Direct laser writing (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- Distributed sensing (3)
- Distributed strain sensing (3)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (3)
- Duplex stainless steels (3)
- Dust explosions (3)
- EPDM (3)
- Ecodesign (3)
- Ecology (3)
- Ecotoxicity (3)
- Education (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Emission (3)
- Energy label (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Excitation power density (3)
- Existing structures (3)
- Extracellular matrix (3)
- FAIR (3)
- FRET (3)
- Fatigue crack propagation threshold (3)
- Fatigue tests (3)
- Fe-N-C catalysts (3)
- Fire (3)
- Fire protection (3)
- Fire resistance (3)
- Fire test (3)
- Flame retardants (3)
- Flexible crystals (3)
- Fluoride (3)
- Food analysis (3)
- Fracture (3)
- Fracture mechanics (3)
- Fuel cells (3)
- Gadofosveset (3)
- Geant4-DNA (3)
- Geotextiles (3)
- Giant magnetoresistance (3)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HRMS (3)
- Hausner ratio (3)
- Helium (3)
- High temperature (3)
- High-density polyethylene (3)
- High-entropy alloys (3)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (3)
- High-throughput (3)
- Human factors (3)
- Human serum (3)
- Hydration (3)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (3)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (3)
- Hydroxyectoine (3)
- Imaging ellipsometry (3)
- Impurities (3)
- Incineration bottom ash (3)
- Infrared spectroscopy (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Interphase (3)
- Isotope dilution (3)
- Kikuchi patterns (3)
- Lamb waves (3)
- Lanthanides (3)
- Laser Thermography (3)
- Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) (3)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (3)
- Liquid metal embrittlement (3)
- Lithium (3)
- MALDI (3)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Measurements (3)
- Metal phosphonate (3)
- Method development (3)
- Methodology (3)
- Micro-computed tomography (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microfluidics (3)
- Microwave (3)
- Model (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Moisture transport (3)
- Molecular imaging (3)
- Molecular imprinting (3)
- Monoclonal antibody (3)
- Multidisciplinary (3)
- Multiple crack propagation (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- NMR relaxometry (3)
- Nanopartikel (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Nanotechnology (3)
- Neutron tomography (3)
- Niobium carbide (3)
- Nitrogen (3)
- Non-invasive analysis (3)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (3)
- Nucleation (3)
- Numerical modelling (3)
- Offshore (3)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Optical spectroscopy (3)
- Osmoadaptation (3)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (3)
- Ozone (3)
- PCA (3)
- PMMA (3)
- Papyrus (3)
- Particle size (3)
- Passive RFID (3)
- Peptide (3)
- Peptides (3)
- Permeability (3)
- Phase distribution (3)
- Phase-field simulation (3)
- Phenylalanine (3)
- Phonons (3)
- Photocatalysis (3)
- Physisorption (3)
- Pigments (3)
- Pitting (3)
- Plasticity (3)
- Polycarbonate (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polyurethane (3)
- Post weld heat treatment (3)
- Post-weld heat treatment (3)
- Precipitation (3)
- Probability of detection (3)
- Probe (3)
- Process Control (3)
- Process Industry (3)
- Proper generalized decomposition (3)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3)
- Quality (3)
- Quality Infrastructure (3)
- Reconstruction algorithm (3)
- Reference Material (3)
- Reverse time migration (3)
- Roughness (3)
- SAFT (3)
- SSB (3)
- Safety (3)
- Safety characteristics (3)
- Screed (3)
- Screening (3)
- Self-assembly (3)
- Sensitization (3)
- Shape memory polymer (3)
- Sift-proofness (3)
- Silicon carbide (3)
- Single particle ICP-MS (3)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (3)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (3)
- Smart structures (3)
- Solid state NMR (3)
- Solubility (3)
- Spalling (3)
- Submerged arc welding (3)
- Surface analysis (3)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (3)
- Switch (3)
- TEM (3)
- Temperature (3)
- Tensile properties (3)
- Termite (3)
- Thermal desorption (3)
- Thermal expansion (3)
- Thermodynamics (3)
- Thermoelectrics (3)
- Thermoplastics (3)
- Topas (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transcriptomics (3)
- Transesterification (3)
- Transformation products (3)
- Tubular X-joints (3)
- UL 94 (3)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (3)
- Ultrasonic guided waves (3)
- Uncertainty (3)
- Upscaling (3)
- Value of information (3)
- Varestraint test (3)
- Viscosity (3)
- Volatile organic compounds (3)
- WAAM (3)
- Waste management (3)
- Wave propagation (3)
- Weld pool shape (3)
- Wind energy (3)
- Wind turbine (3)
- Wood Protection (3)
- X-ray (3)
- X-ray tomography (3)
- XANES spectroscopy (3)
- XAS (3)
- XCT (3)
- Zinc (3)
- Zirconia (3)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D-printing (2)
- AAA (2)
- AAS (2)
- AISI 304L (2)
- Ab initio (2)
- Absolute isotope ratio (2)
- Accelerated testing (2)
- Acoustic sensing (2)
- Acoustic-flow interaction (2)
- Active thermal imaging (2)
- Additive manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Advanced high strength steels (2)
- Aggregation induced emission (2)
- Air sampling (2)
- Algorithms (2)
- Alkali silica reaction (2)
- Alkali zinc borate glasses (2)
- Alloy modification (2)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (2)
- Aluminum alloys (2)
- Aluminum diethylphosphinate (2)
- Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) (2)
- Amorphization (2)
- Amorphous carbon (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Amphiphilicity (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Angle of repose (2)
- Annealing (2)
- Anode (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Antibodies (2)
- Aqueous solution (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Artificial ageing (2)
- Artificial intelligence (2)
- Artificial weathering (2)
- Assay (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Atmospheric boundary layer (2)
- Atmospheric pressure plasma (2)
- Atomic weight (2)
- Atomistic models (2)
- Au (2)
- AuNP (2)
- Austenite-to-martensite transformation (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automated synthesis (2)
- Automotive (2)
- Axial force (2)
- Axle (2)
- BESSY (2)
- BOFDA (2)
- Backlight (2)
- Bacterial attachment (2)
- Ball milling (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Bassanite (2)
- Bead-based assay (2)
- Behavior and Systematics (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Beta decay (2)
- Betatron (2)
- Bingham fluid (2)
- Bio-SAXS (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Bioactive glass (2)
- Bioactivity (2)
- Bioceramics (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Bioconjugation (2)
- Biodeterioration (2)
- Biodiesel (2)
- Biofouling (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- Biotests (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Black yeast (2)
- Bonding Analysis (2)
- Borehole (2)
- Brachytherapy (2)
- Bragg-edge imaging (2)
- Bridge Monitoring (2)
- Brillouin (2)
- Brillouin distributed sensing (2)
- Building material (2)
- Bulge effect (2)
- Bulk metallic glasses (2)
- Bus interior materials (2)
- CCUS (2)
- CO2 (2)
- CO2-storage (2)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (2)
- Calcined clay (2)
- Calcium carbonate (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Cannibalism (2)
- Carbide (2)
- Carbon capture and storage (2)
- Carbon fibers (2)
- Carrier protein (2)
- Cell (2)
- Cells (2)
- Cellular internalization (2)
- Cellular solids (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Cement matrix (2)
- Ceramic matrix composites (2)
- Ceramics (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Certified reference materials (2)
- Characterisation (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Charring (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Chemisorption (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Chloride (2)
- Chlorides (2)
- Chlorine (2)
- Civil Engineering (2)
- Civil and Structural Engineering (2)
- Click Chemistry (2)
- Clustered nanoparticles (2)
- Clustering (2)
- Coatings and Films (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (2)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) (2)
- Collagen (2)
- Colourants (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Comparability (2)
- Composite structures (2)
- Concrete structures (2)
- Condition monitoring (2)
- Conformation (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Construction (2)
- Construction and demolition waste (2)
- Contact resonance (2)
- Convolutional neural network (2)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (2)
- Core−shell particles (2)
- Corrosion protection (2)
- Cosolute (2)
- Coulomb explosion (2)
- CrCoNi (2)
- CrMnFeCoNi (2)
- Critical strain (2)
- Crop protection products (2)
- Cross-linking (2)
- Crystal orientation (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Crystallographic texture (2)
- Cultural heritage (2)
- Cuprorivaite (2)
- Cyclic (2)
- Cyclic R-curve (2)
- Cyclic loading (2)
- Cytop (2)
- DFT calculation (2)
- DHN melanin (2)
- DIRECTT (2)
- DLP (2)
- DMD (2)
- DMSO (2)
- DOPO (2)
- DSC (2)
- DVS (2)
- Damage evolution (2)
- Data Fusion (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Data preparation (2)
- Data science (2)
- Debinding (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Delamination (2)
- Delta scale (2)
- Density separation (2)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Dentistry (2)
- Depletion force (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Design of experiment (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Destructive testing (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Dichtheit (2)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (2)
- Digestion (2)
- Digital Twins (2)
- Digital image correlation (DIC) (2)
- Dimerization (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Directed Energy Deposition (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Discrete element method (2)
- Disposal (2)
- Dissolution (2)
- Distortion (2)
- Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor (2)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (2)
- Distributed humidity sensing (2)
- Dityrosine (2)
- Documentation (2)
- Domain decomposition methods (2)
- Dothideomycetes (2)
- Dripping (2)
- Drop test (2)
- Dry treatment (2)
- Dual sensing (2)
- Duplex stainless steel (2)
- Dyes (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- Dynamic loads (2)
- Dynamic test (2)
- EDS (2)
- EDX (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Eddy current testing (2)
- Editorial (2)
- Egypt (2)
- Egyptian blue (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Elastomers (2)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2)
- Electrochemical methods (2)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support (2)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (2)
- Electron beam melting (2)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (2)
- Electron tomography (2)
- Electronic (2)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Embedded humidity sensors (2)
- Emission spectroscopy (2)
- Encapsulation (2)
- Endocrine disruptor (2)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (2)
- Energy deposit (2)
- Energy dispersive diffraction (2)
- Energy efficiency (2)
- Enhancement (2)
- Entomopathogen (2)
- Environment (2)
- Environmental conditions (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (2)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (2)
- Epoxy resin (2)
- Esterification (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Europium (2)
- Evaporation (2)
- Evaporite rock (2)
- Expandable graphite (2)
- Experimental testing (2)
- Explicit dynamics (2)
- FMEA (2)
- FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Fatigue damage (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Fe L3 edge absorption spectra (2)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (2)
- Femtosecond laser processing (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Ferumoxytol (2)
- Fiber Bragg grating (2)
- Fiber optic sensor (2)
- Fiber orientation (2)
- Fiber-optic sensors (2)
- Finite element simulation (2)
- Fire behaviour (2)
- Fire statistics (2)
- Flame inhibition (2)
- Flammability (2)
- Flow properties (2)
- Flowability (2)
- Fluoreszenz (2)
- Fluorides (2)
- Foaming (2)
- Force-distance curves (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Forsterite (2)
- Frequency analysis (2)
- Fuel Cells (2)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (2)
- Full penetration (2)
- Functional Materials (2)
- Functionalized graphene (2)
- G5P (2)
- GMA welding (2)
- GMAW (2)
- GMR (2)
- GVP (2)
- Gamma radiation monitoring (2)
- Gap bridgeability (2)
- Gas analysis (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- Gas explosion (2)
- Gas metal arc welding (2)
- Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) (2)
- Gefahrgutverpackungen (2)
- Gel electrolytes (2)
- Gel electrophoresis (2)
- Gel-type electrolytes (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- Geology (2)
- Geometric Phase (2)
- Geometrical effect (2)
- Geophysics (2)
- Geothermal (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Glass powder (2)
- Glass transition (2)
- Glass transition temperature (2)
- Glyphosate (2)
- Gold Nanoparticles (2)
- Grain boundaries (2)
- Grain refinement (2)
- Graphene Oxide (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- Growth kinetics (2)
- Guided Waves (2)
- Gut microbiota (2)
- Gypsum (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HIP (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- HTS (2)
- Halophilic bacteria (2)
- Hapten (2)
- Hardmetal (2)
- Health monitoring (2)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Heat control (2)
- Heat transfer (2)
- Heterogeneity (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- High Alloyed Steel (2)
- High entropy alloys (2)
- High strength steel (2)
- High strength steels (2)
- High-entropy alloy (2)
- High-performance concrete (2)
- High-power laser beam welding (2)
- High-strength structural steel (2)
- Hot cracking (2)
- Hot stamping (2)
- Human behaviour (2)
- Humidity (2)
- Hybrid metrology (2)
- Hybridoma (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- Hydrogen Embrittlement (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydrogen-assisted cracking (2)
- Hydroxyl radical (2)
- Hydroxyl radicals (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- ISO/IEC 27001 (2)
- IgG (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Image quality (2)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunogen (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Immunosensor (2)
- Impact (2)
- Impact simulation (2)
- Impact target (2)
- Implant test (2)
- In-situ (2)
- In-situ polymerization (2)
- In-vivo (2)
- Indirect Hard Modeling (2)
- Indium phosphide (2)
- Indoor air (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Information security (2)
- Initial crack size (2)
- Ink (2)
- Ink analysis (2)
- Insect biotechnology (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Inter layer time (2)
- Interface (2)
- Interfacial shear strength (2)
- Interlaboratory test (2)
- Interoperability (2)
- Intumescence (2)
- Intumescent coating (2)
- Ionic liquid (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionizing radiation (2)
- Ionizing radiation damage (2)
- Irradiation (2)
- Isogeometric analysis (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- Joint sparsity (2)
- Keratin (2)
- LBM-DEM (2)
- LC-MS (2)
- LCA (2)
- LEE (2)
- LIF (2)
- LPBF (2)
- Label (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (2)
- Laser beam melting (2)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (2)
- Laser energy distribution (2)
- Laser hybrid welding (2)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (2)
- Laser-induced oxide layer (2)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (2)
- Laser-metal-deposition (2)
- Lateral flow assay (2)
- Lattice distortion (2)
- Lattice misfit (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Lattice structures (2)
- Layered double hydroxide (2)
- Layered soil (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leaching tests (2)
- Lead borate glasses (2)
- Lead ions (2)
- Leather (2)
- Lethal dose (2)
- Life cycle assessment (2)
- Life sciences (2)
- Limit of detection (2)
- Lipidomic profile (2)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Liquid phase sintering (2)
- Lithium-ion batteries (2)
- Livermore model (2)
- Local structure (2)
- Lock-in Thermography (2)
- Long term monitoring (2)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (2)
- Low transformation temperature (LTT) steel (2)
- Low-cost (2)
- Lubricants (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- MC-ICP-MS (2)
- MCS (2)
- Machining (2)
- Magnesium (2)
- Magnesium hydroxide (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Magnetic field (2)
- Magnetic flux leakage (2)
- Magnetic properties (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Management system standard (2)
- Marine littering (2)
- Martensitic stainless steels (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Material analysis (2)
- Material characterisation (2)
- Material flow analysis (2)
- Materials Characterization (2)
- Materials characterization (2)
- Materials informatics (2)
- Mechanical property (2)
- Medical implants (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesoporous materials (2)
- Metabolic stress (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metal (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metal magnetic memory (2)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (2)
- Metallic glasses (2)
- Methane (2)
- Micro-CT (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microarray (2)
- Microbeads (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microcolonial fungi (2)
- Micromechanical modelling (2)
- Microstrucrue Design (2)
- Microstructural characterization (2)
- Microstructure Design (2)
- Microstructure characterization (2)
- Mikroplastik (2)
- Milling (2)
- Mitigation (2)
- Mixed ink (2)
- Mixture toxicity (2)
- Model calibration (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Modular Production (2)
- Modulus (2)
- Molecular Dynamics (2)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2)
- Monolithic column (2)
- Monte Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multi-principal element alloys (2)
- Multiphoton lithography (2)
- Multivariate data analysis (2)
- NDT-CE (2)
- NP (2)
- Nanoindentation (2)
- Nanomaterial classification (2)
- Nanometrology (2)
- Nanoparticle concentration (2)
- Nanoscience (2)
- Native oxide (2)
- Natural gas (2)
- Neural network (2)
- Neural networks (2)
- Neutron Diffraction (2)
- Neutron radiography (2)
- Ni (2)
- Nickel-base superalloys (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Niobium carbide (NbC) (2)
- Nitrogen dioxide (2)
- Nitrogen oxides (2)
- Non-Destructive Testing (2)
- Non-destructive Testing (2)
- Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Number density (2)
- Numerical process simulation (2)
- OH radical (2)
- OH radical scavenger (2)
- Online monitoring (2)
- Ontologies (2)
- Open Science (2)
- Open data (2)
- Open science (2)
- OpenFOAM (2)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Optical backscatter reflectometry (2)
- Optical detection (2)
- Optical flow (2)
- Optical microphone (2)
- Optical time domain reflectometry (2)
- Optical tomography (2)
- Optimization (2)
- Optimization technique (2)
- Organic Chemistry (2)
- Organic contaminants (2)
- Organic peroxide (2)
- Orientation precision (2)
- Origami (2)
- Ostwald ripening (2)
- Oxyfuel (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- P92 (2)
- PBF-LB/M (2)
- PFEM (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PGM-free catalysts (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Particle scattering (2)
- Particle scattering simulations (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Particles (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Passive thermography (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Penelope model (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Ph (2)
- Phase diagrams (2)
- Phase grating (2)
- Phase transformations (2)
- Phased array technique (2)
- Phosphine oxide (2)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Phosphorylated peptides (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Photon counting detectors (2)
- Phylogeny (2)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (2)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (2)
- Physics (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Pipeline (2)
- Pipeline steel (2)
- Pitting corrosion (2)
- Plant Science (2)
- Plasma-transferred arc welding (2)
- Plasmid DNA in water (2)
- Polarity (2)
- Policy making (2)
- Poly(ester urethane) (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Polymer optical fiber (2)
- Polymer optical fibers (2)
- Polymer optical fibre (2)
- Polymere (2)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Pore space (2)
- Pores (2)
- Portland cement (2)
- Post-injection pressure drop (2)
- Powders (2)
- Pre-ignition pressure rise (2)
- Prediction (2)
- Predisposal (2)
- Preferential exclusion (2)
- Preheating (2)
- Pressure tanks (2)
- Prestressed concrete (2)
- Process atmosphere (2)
- Process control (2)
- Process industries (2)
- Production (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Protein A (2)
- Protein nitration (2)
- Protein unfolding (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Proteomics (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Purification (2)
- Purity (2)
- Quality Control (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Quasicrystal (2)
- ROPPOC (2)
- ROS (2)
- RT (2)
- Radiation damage to biomolecules (2)
- Radiation therapy (2)
- Radiation-induced attenuation (2)
- Radiationtherapy (2)
- Radioactive decay (2)
- Radioactive waste (2)
- Radiographie (2)
- Radiolysis (2)
- Raman microscopy (2)
- Random field (2)
- Rapid mass calorimeter (2)
- Ray tracing (2)
- Rayleigh scattering (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Rectangular cross-section (2)
- Red phosphorus (2)
- Reference (2)
- Reference data (2)
- Refill friction stir spot welding (2)
- Refraction (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Regularization (2)
- Reinforced Concrete (2)
- Reliability assessment (2)
- Remediation (2)
- Renewable Energy (2)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Repair welding (2)
- Representative specimens (2)
- Residual stress analysis (2)
- Rice husk ash (2)
- Ring opening polymerization (2)
- Risk (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Road tankers (2)
- Robustness (2)
- Round robin test (2)
- SPR (2)
- SSRT (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Salt (2)
- Salts (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Scaffold (2)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Secondary raw materials (2)
- Selective Laser Melting (2)
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (2)
- Selective laser melting (2)
- Self-healing (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Semiconductor (2)
- Sensitivity (2)
- Sensitivity analysis (2)
- Sensor array (2)
- Sequence coverage (2)
- Sequential learning (2)
- Sewage sludge ash (2)
- Shell (2)
- Short crack propagation (2)
- Short-range order (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Silica (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Silicon nanowires (2)
- Single molecule (2)
- Single pass welding (2)
- Single-atom catalysts (2)
- Single-source precursors (2)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (2)
- Size (2)
- Size measurement (2)
- Sliding simulation (2)
- Slurry (2)
- Smart Sensors (2)
- Smoke gas emission (2)
- Sol-gel (2)
- Solid-state batteries (2)
- Solutions (pH, salinity, cosolutes) (2)
- Sorption isotherm (2)
- Space (2)
- Spark plasma sintering (2)
- Spectral induced polarization (2)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Stability (2)
- Stainless Steel (2)
- Statistical analysis (2)
- Steel corrosion (2)
- Steels (2)
- Stimulated Brillouin scattering (2)
- Strain (2)
- Strain measurement (2)
- Strength (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress corrosion cracking (2)
- Stress intensity factor (2)
- Structural dynamics (2)
- Structural health monitoring (SHM) (2)
- Structural integrity (2)
- Structural sealant glazing (2)
- Structure-property relationship (2)
- Subaerial biofilms (2)
- Substance release (2)
- Sulfur (2)
- Surface modification (2)
- Surface plasmon resonance (2)
- Surface roughness (2)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2)
- Surfaces (2)
- Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (2)
- Synthetic Training Data (2)
- Synthetic peptides (2)
- System identification (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- T-SEM (2)
- TOPAS (2)
- TOPAS-nbio (2)
- TXRF (2)
- Talbot- Lau interferometry (2)
- Technical crack detection (2)
- Technological innovation system (2)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (2)
- Tensile strength (2)
- Tensile testing (2)
- Terrorism (2)
- Test strips (2)
- Teststreifen (2)
- Tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal analysis (2)
- Thermal anhydrite (2)
- Thermal conductivity (2)
- Thermal history (2)
- Thermal treatment (2)
- Thermo-responsiveness (2)
- Thermoacoustic (2)
- Thermodynamic modelling (2)
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (2)
- Thermoset (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Titanium alloys (2)
- Tool wear (2)
- Torsion (2)
- Train-induced ground vibration (2)
- Transducers (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (2)
- Tribologie (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (2)
- Truss structures (2)
- Tryptophan (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tumor metabolism (2)
- Two-photon polymerization (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (2)
- Ultrasonic imaging (2)
- Ultrasonic transducer (2)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- VSSA (2)
- Vacuum (2)
- Vaporization (2)
- Vehicle-track interaction (2)
- Verkehrsinfrastukturen (2)
- Vibration (2)
- Vickers indentation (2)
- Virology (2)
- Virus (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Volume fraction (2)
- Waste treatment (2)
- Water (2)
- Water analysis (2)
- Water-based (2)
- Weld pool dynamics (2)
- Welding simulation (2)
- Weldments (2)
- White light interference microscopy (2)
- Wind turbine blades (2)
- Wire arc additive manufacturing (2)
- Wood (2)
- Wood protection (2)
- Workflow (2)
- X-Ray Diffraction (2)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray backscatter imaging (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (XCT) (2)
- X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Yb(III) complex (2)
- Young’s modulus (2)
- ZIF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2)
- Zinc coatings (2)
- Zink (2)
- atomic force microscopy (2)
- cocrystal (2)
- dXCT (2)
- i-TRIBOMAT (2)
- in situ (2)
- magnesium (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- nanoparticle (2)
- neutron diffraction (2)
- pH (2)
- ssDNA (2)
- surface modification (2)
- x-ray diffraction (2)
- µ-CT (2)
- Überdruckverfahren (2)
- Փ-OTDR (2)
- 'Click' reaction (1)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) steel (1)
- 12%Cr steel (1)
- 150th anniversary (1)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (1)
- 1H-NMR (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 2-D Welding Simulation (1)
- 20 L-sphere (1)
- 20L-sphere (1)
- 2101 duplex stainless steel (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 2D Materials (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3-dimensional microscopy (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D Scanning (1)
- 3D concrete printing (1)
- 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D DCNN) (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- 3D microstructure (1)
- 3D-Rekonstruktion (1)
- 3DCP (1)
- 4-Dimensional scanning transmission (1)
- 4D tomographic data (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- 9% Ni Steel (1)
- 9%Ni steel (1)
- 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide; DOPO (1)
- A key interface (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- AAAA (1)
- AAM (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- ABS (1)
- AC magnetic field (1)
- ACEnano (1)
- ACEnet (1)
- ADC (1)
- ADMM (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AFM cantilever vibration (1)
- AFM force distance curves (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AFM friction analysis (1)
- AFM intermittent contact (1)
- AFM plastic deformation (1)
- AFM stiffness of interface (1)
- AFm phase (1)
- AGE (1)
- AHSS (1)
- AHTN (1)
- AHTN-COOMe (1)
- AIE (1)
- AIS (1)
- AM feature integration (1)
- ANFO (1)
- API molecule (1)
- ASR (1)
- ASR modelling (1)
- ASR-Sensitive Aggregate (1)
- ASTM E647 (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- ATZ (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Aautomatisation (1)
- Ab initio Simulation (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Ab initio simulation (1)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Aberfan flowslide (1)
- Absolute dose (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorption correction (1)
- Abuse testing (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Academic Software (1)
- Academic genealogy (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Accelerated carbonation (1)
- Accelerated concrete prism test (1)
- Acceleration sensors (1)
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (1)
- Accessible (1)
- Accoustic emission (1)
- Accreditation (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acetic acid (1)
- Acetylation (1)
- Acid attack (1)
- Acid-leaching (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acidity (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acoustic emission analysis (1)
- Acoustic emission monitoring (1)
- Acoustic resonance (1)
- Acoustic test (1)
- Acoustic-Structure Interaction (1)
- Acoustical damping (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Acousto-optic effect (1)
- Acoustoelasticity (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Activation energy (1)
- Active polymer (1)
- Active site density (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive importance sampling (1)
- Additive Manufacture (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Additive manufactured Ni-base superalloys (1)
- Additive manufacturing of concrete (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adhesive joint (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Adjuvantien (1)
- Admixtures (1)
- Adoption (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Adsorbed water layer thickness (1)
- Adsorbtion (1)
- Adsorption of pyridine (1)
- Adulteration (1)
- Adulteration detection (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced calorimetry (1)
- Advanced high-strength steel (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Aerial robot olfaction (1)
- Aeroallergens (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Aerospace (1)
- Aerospace applications (1)
- Affinity (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Aflatoxin (1)
- Ag (1)
- Ag nanoparticles (1)
- Ag-LDI-MS (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agar (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Aggregation-induced emission (1)
- Aggressive environments (1)
- Agricultural by-product (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air conditioner (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air quality monitoring (1)
- Air-based (1)
- Air-conditioning (1)
- Air-coupled transducers (1)
- Airborne ultrasonic testing (1)
- Airport (1)
- Akaike information criterion picker (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Aktivkohle (1)
- Akustische Emission (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-alloy (1)
- Al/SiO2 composite (1)
- Al2O3 (1)
- AlCl (1)
- AlMg0.7SiTiB filler wire (1)
- AlSi10Mg (1)
- AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- Alanine scan (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Algal toxins (1)
- Alite (1)
- Alkali Activated Concrete (1)
- Alkali aggregate reaction (1)
- Alkali aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) (1)
- Alkali-activated (1)
- Alkali-activated binders (1)
- Alkali-activated building materials (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline Oxygen (1)
- Alkaline brines (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alkalis (1)
- Alkali–silica reaction (1)
- Alkyd resin-based coating (1)
- Allergene (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Alloy Safety (1)
- Alloy design (1)
- Alloy microstructure (1)
- Alloys (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloys (1)
- Aluminium fluorides (1)
- Aluminium hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium teflates (1)
- Aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum Alloy Aging (1)
- Aluminum alloy (1)
- Aluminum bronze (1)
- Aluminum diethyl phosphinate (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) (1)
- Alveolar-capillary coculture model (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Al‐Cu‐Li‐alloy (1)
- Al–Si metal matrix composites (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ammonium polyphosphate (1)
- Amorphous materials (1)
- Amorphous silica (1)
- Amoxicillin (1)
- Amphiphilic dumbbells (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Anaerobic pathways (1)
- Analysis of variance (1)
- Analysis technique (1)
- Analytical approach (1)
- Analytical calculation (1)
- Analytical model (1)
- Analytical quality assurance (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Analytical screening techniques (1)
- Analytics (1)
- Analyzer-Based Imaging (1)
- Anatoxin-a (1)
- Anatoxin-a(s) (1)
- Ancestor of opportunistic pathogens & lichens (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Angle measurement (1)
- Angle wedge (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Animal immune system (1)
- Animal slurry (1)
- Anion recognition (1)
- Anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anodic oxidation (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Anosteocytic bone (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Antenna effect (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Anti-corrosion coatings (1)
- Anti-counterfeiting (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody antigen complex (1)
- Antibody coating (1)
- Antibody drug conjugate (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody labeling (1)
- Antibody quality (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling surface (1)
- Antigen (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antimicrobial coating (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimicrobial test (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Antiphase boundary (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- App (1)
- Application (1)
- Applications (1)
- Approximant (1)
- Aqdditive manufacturing (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Aqueous Solutions (1)
- Aqueous media (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Aquifer fluid (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Arc welding (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Argon (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Array (1)
- Arrhenius (1)
- Arrhenius equation (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Art restauration (1)
- Arthoniomycetes (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial and natural defects (1)
- Artificial cells (1)
- Artificial defect (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Artificial potential field (1)
- Arzneistoffe (1)
- As-built LPBF IN718 alloy (1)
- Ash content (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- Asymmetric flow filed-flow fractionation (1)
- Asymmetric supercapacitor (1)
- Asymptotic local approach (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atmospheric corrosion (1)
- Atmospheric exposure (1)
- Atmosphärische Korrosion (1)
- Atom catalysts (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic Scale (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic force microscope (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Attenuation (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic alloys (1)
- Austenitic stainless steel (1)
- Austenitic stainless steels (1)
- Austenitic steel 316L (1)
- Auswaschung (1)
- Autoantibodies (1)
- Automated Bragg angle determination (1)
- Automated Data Evaluation (1)
- Automated Modal Analysis for Tracking Structural Change during Construction and Operation Phases (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated arc welding (1)
- Automated expansion measurement (1)
- Automated manufacturing (1)
- Automated operational modal analysis (1)
- Automated scanning systems (1)
- Automatic Segmentation (1)
- Automatic segmentation (1)
- Automotive braking (1)
- Automotive engineering (1)
- Automotive industry (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Axle box measurements (1)
- Axle inspection (1)
- Axle sequence (1)
- Axles (1)
- Ayesian models (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- Azide-terminated surfaces (1)
- BAM (1)
- BAM SynthCOND (1)
- BAM SynthMAT (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BDP (1)
- BEMMA (1)
- BLDC (1)
- BLEVE (1)
- BODIPY dyes (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BODIPY-Farbstoffe (1)
- BODIPYs (1)
- BOTDA (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- BPF-LB/M (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Back-scatter techniques (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Background processing (1)
- Backscattered electrons (1)
- Backscattering (1)
- Bacteria detection (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Bacterial milking (1)
- Bacterial second messenger (1)
- Bags (1)
- Banana (1)
- Barriere (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Base isolation (1)
- Basic spatial resolution (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Batch fermentation (1)
- Batch reactions (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bathyarchaeia (1)
- Batteries (1)
- Battery (1)
- Battery Safety (1)
- Battery characterization (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Baustoffe (1)
- Baustoffuntersuchungen (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bayesian Inference (1)
- Bayesian Optimization (1)
- Bayesian hierachical modelling (1)
- Bayesian technique (1)
- Bayesian updating of measurement uncertainties (1)
- Bayesian updating of stress ranges (1)
- Bead injections (1)
- Bead-on-plate welds (1)
- Beam oscillation (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Behavioural mechanisms (1)
- Behmite (1)
- Belastungsversuch (1)
- Bell (1)
- Bell pepper (1)
- Bench-scale fire resistance (1)
- Benchmarking study (1)
- Benchtop NMR (1)
- Bending (1)
- Bending mechanism (1)
- Bending modulus (1)
- Bending test (1)
- Beneficial microbes (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Benzin (1)
- Benzothiadiazole (1)
- Benzoxadiazole dyes (1)
- Berry phase (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bet v 1 (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Betula pendula (1)
- Bias (1)
- Bifunctional 2D nanomaterials (1)
- Bifunctional MgF2 (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Binary gas mixture (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binder jetting (1)
- Binders (1)
- Binders/binding (1)
- Binding molecule (1)
- Binding strength (1)
- Bio active ceramic (1)
- Bio-based concrete (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-interaction (1)
- BioSAXS (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Bioactive Glass (1)
- Bioactive bone grafting material (1)
- Bioanalysis (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Biobased polymers (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biocidal product (1)
- Biocidal products (1)
- Biocide tolerance (1)
- Biocomposites (1)
- Bioconjugate (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodegradable (1)
- Biodegradable implant (1)
- Biodeterioration and biodegradation (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Bioeconomy (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Bioerosion (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofuel cells (1)
- Bioimaging (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biological structure (1)
- Biological techniques (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biolubricants (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomedical engineering (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Biomolecules (1)
- Biopolymer (1)
- Biopolyol (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensor development (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotic environment (1)
- Biotic weathering (1)
- Biotoxins (1)
- Biozidprodukte (1)
- Biphasic calcium phosphate (1)
- Biphasic growth (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Birch pollen allergen (1)
- Bis([dimethoxyphosphoryl]methyl) phenyl phosphate (1)
- Bismuth Ferrite (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bistable amplifier (1)
- Bistable fluidic amplifier (1)
- Bituminous binders (1)
- Bituminous material (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blade (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Blended learning (1)
- Blends (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Block regularization (1)
- Block-sparsity (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Blue-green algae (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Boehmit nanoparticle (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Boltzmann plot (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Bond energy (1)
- Bone grafting (1)
- Bone porosity (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Bone substitutes (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Borate (1)
- Borehole probe (1)
- Boron compound (1)
- Boron isotope fractionation (1)
- Boron isotopes (1)
- Boron transport (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Boson peak (1)
- Bound water (1)
- Boundary element (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Box-Behnken (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Bragg angles (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Bragg-edge (1)
- Braking-in-a-turn maneuver (1)
- Brass (1)
- Bravais lattices (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Bridge monitoring (1)
- Bridge reassessment (1)
- Bridge resonance (1)
- Bridge structures (1)
- Bridges (1)
- Brillouin distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Brinell hardness (1)
- Broadband (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Bromination (1)
- Bromoadenine (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Bubble test (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Building response (1)
- Building with earth (1)
- Built environment (1)
- Bulge formation (1)
- Bulging (1)
- Bulging effects (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (1)
- Buried interfaces (1)
- Burning behavior (1)
- Burning behaviour (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- C-di-GMP (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CALPHAD database analysis (1)
- CCMat (1)
- CCQM (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- CEA (1)
- CFD (1)
- CFD model (1)
- CGHE (1)
- CHC (1)
- CKAN (1)
- CLP-regulation (1)
- CMT welding (1)
- CNTs (1)
- CO2 + n-alkanes (1)
- CO2 corrosion (1)
- CO2 pipeline transport (1)
- CO2 quality (1)
- CO2 separation membranes (1)
- COF (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- COPV (1)
- COST action CA15114 AMICI (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CPD (1)
- CRM (1)
- CRP (1)
- CT (1)
- CT simulation (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- CXC (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cables (1)
- Cabon capture and storage (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caenorhabdtis elegans (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Cairo Genizah (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcite (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium alkali orthophosphate materials (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium alkaline orthophosphates (1)
- Calcium carbide method (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Calcium phosphate bone cement (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Calciumfluorid (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration-free analysis (1)
- Caloric effects (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Canny approach (1)
- Cantilever microprobe (1)
- Cantor (1)
- Capacitive methods (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Capillary conductivity (1)
- Capillary waves (1)
- Capnodiales (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon arc-air gouging (1)
- Carbon black (1)
- Carbon capture storage (1)
- Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (1)
- Carbon cycle (1)
- Carbon dioxide emissions (1)
- Carbon dioxide footprint (1)
- Carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- Carbon dots (1)
- Carbon emissions (1)
- Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (1)
- Carbon fibres (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanodots (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Carbon-based nanomaterials (1)
- Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (1)
- Carbonate substrate (1)
- Carbonation behaviour (1)
- Carbons (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cargo sloshing (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier load (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Cascade impactor (1)
- Casein standard (1)
- Casing (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Casting (1)
- Castings (1)
- Catalogues (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cathode active material (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- Ccs (1)
- CdTe quantum dots (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell culture media (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cellular structures (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Cellulose synthase (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Cement clinker remnants (1)
- Cement paste (1)
- Cement suspension (1)
- Center of mass (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Ceramic multilayer (1)
- Ceramic multilayers (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Cermet (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Chaetothyriales (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Chance-risk analysis (1)
- Channeling-in (1)
- Characterisation techniques (1)
- Characterization and analytical techniques (1)
- Characterization method (1)
- Characterization of corrosion layers (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Charge density (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Charged dyes (1)
- Charpy impact toughness (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical admixtures (1)
- Chemical bonds (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemical evolution (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical processes (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemical synthesis (1)
- Chemically Complex Materials (1)
- Chemically complex alloy (1)
- Chemicals classification (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemisoprtion (1)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometric tools (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chemputer (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chirality (1)
- Chloride binding (1)
- Chloride extraction (1)
- Chloride penetration (1)
- Chloride‐induced corrosion (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chloroanilines (1)
- Chrystal orientation (1)
- Chunky graphite (1)
- Ciaaw.org (1)
- Cimensional Accuracy (1)
- Circular Bio-based Economy (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Circularity (1)
- Circumferential weld (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Citrullinated (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleanliness (1)
- Clearing (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Cleridae (1)
- Clerodin (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Click reaction (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clinker substitute (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Clone M2 (1)
- Cloning vectors (1)
- Close proximity to colonies (1)
- Closed vessel combustion (1)
- Cmos (1)
- Co (1)
- Co-Cr-alloy (1)
- Co-planar translational laminography (1)
- Co-firings (1)
- Co2-Storage (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Cobaloxime complex (1)
- Cobalt-chromium alloy (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Cockroaches (1)
- Cocoa (1)
- Coda (1)
- Codex (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Coherent Fourier scatterometry (1)
- Coherent Heterodyne (1)
- Coherent optical time domain reflectometry (1)
- Cohesive granular media (1)
- Cohesive zone (1)
- Coincidence (1)
- Cold cracking (1)
- Cold cracking safety (1)
- Cold to fast neutron testing (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Collection (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Colloids (1)
- Color (1)
- Color X-ray camera (1)
- Colour center (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Column percolation (1)
- Columnar crystal growth (1)
- Combinatorial chemistry (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combined finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Combined sewer system (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Commercial acoustic devices (1)
- Commercial metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compact NMR (1)
- Comparative genomics (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Comparison of detectors (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Compatibility evaluation (1)
- Competencies (1)
- Competitive immunoassay (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complex Molecular Systems (1)
- Complex systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Component Testing (1)
- Component test (1)
- Component-like test (1)
- Components influence (1)
- Components of excitation (1)
- Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (1)
- Composite material (1)
- Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (1)
- Composite panel (1)
- Composite pressure vessel (1)
- Composites in fire (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Compressed earth (1)
- Compressed sensing (1)
- Compression mechanical (1)
- Compression strength (1)
- Compression stress relaxation (1)
- Compression testing (1)
- Compression tests (1)
- Compressive test (1)
- Computational Materials Science (1)
- Computational fluid dynamics (1)
- Computations (1)
- Computed radiography (CR) (1)
- Computed tomographie (1)
- Computed tomography (CT) (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Computer Tomography (1)
- Computer vision (1)
- Computer-Simulation (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Comressed Sensing (1)
- Concentration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concept (1)
- Concrete 3D-printing (1)
- Concrete Bridge (1)
- Concrete Carbonation (1)
- Concrete and screed (1)
- Concrete beam (1)
- Concrete bridges (1)
- Concrete deterioration (1)
- Concrete drying (1)
- Concrete evaluation (1)
- Concrete filled tube (CFT) column (1)
- Concrete mesoscale (1)
- Concrete printing (1)
- Concrete repair (1)
- Concrete specimens (1)
- Concrete testing (1)
- Condensate (1)
- Condensation particle counter (CPC) (1)
- Condensed matter physics (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Conductive carbon tape (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Conductometry (1)
- Cone claorimeter (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined catalyst (1)
- Confirmatory methods (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conformity assessment (1)
- Conformity assessment body (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conjugation density (1)
- Conjugation ratio (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Consequences (1)
- Conservation of wooden artwork (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Container inspection (1)
- Contaminated soil (1)
- Contaminated soils (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Continuous Processes (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous culture (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Continuous wavelet transform (1)
- Contour scan strategy (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control Chart (1)
- Control strategy (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (CNN) (1)
- Coordination (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Copolymer sequence (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Copper Deposition (1)
- Copper sulfide (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Coputed tomography (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Corner echo (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Correlative tomography (1)
- Corresponding relative humidity (1)
- Corrosion costs (1)
- Corrosion investigations (1)
- Corrosion mechanism (1)
- Corrosion monitoring (1)
- Corrosion rate (1)
- Corrosivity category (1)
- Corrugated fibreboard box (1)
- Corrugated fibreboard boxes (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Coupling (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Coverslip seal (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Co−N-Cs (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Crack Detection (1)
- Crack closure effect (1)
- Crack damage detection (1)
- Crack driving force (1)
- Crack formation (1)
- Crack growth (1)
- Crack healing (1)
- Crack opening displacement (1)
- Crack pattern (1)
- Crack-tip constraint (1)
- Craze-crack mechanism (1)
- Craze–crack mechanism (1)
- Creep behavior (1)
- Creep damage (1)
- Creep mechanisms (1)
- Creep-fatigue (1)
- Creep-fatigue interaction (1)
- Creep-resisting materials (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Critical chloride content (1)
- Critical energy release rate (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Critical strain rate (1)
- Cross linking (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Cross-feeding (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosshole (1)
- Crosslink density control (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cryogenic Vessels (1)
- Cryogenic einvironment (1)
- Cryogenic steel (1)
- Cryogenic temperature (1)
- Cryptoendolithism (1)
- Crystal branch development (1)
- Crystal growth (1)
- Crystal lattice (1)
- Crystal morphology (1)
- Crystalline cones (1)
- Crystalline defects (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Crystallization sequence (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- Crystalstructure (1)
- Cu catalysts (1)
- Cucurbituril (1)
- Cumin discrimination (1)
- Cumulative energy demand (1)
- Cupriavidus campinensis (1)
- Cure process (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Cusum (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- Cutting forces (1)
- Cutting tool (1)
- Cuttlefish (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyanotoxins (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cycle-by-cycle (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic load (1)
- Cyclic musk (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Cyclic steam oxidation (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic weathering (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cylinder (1)
- Cylindrical turning (1)
- Cylindrospermopsin (1)
- Cytocompatibility (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- C–C coupling (1)
- D2XRF (1)
- DAMP (1)
- DAR (1)
- DCB geometry (1)
- DED-EB (1)
- DED-arc (1)
- DFA (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DFT simulations (1)
- DFT spectrum simulations (1)
- DGEBA (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DIN tube furnace (1)
- DLO (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMA (1)
- DMDHEU (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA origami nanostructures (1)
- DNA polymerase (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA radiosensitizer (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA transfer (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DNPH (1)
- DPA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DSS (1)
- DTAB (1)
- DTGS (1)
- DWV (1)
- Damage Identification (1)
- Damage Quantification (1)
- Damage analysis (1)
- Damage detection systems (1)
- Damage localization (1)
- Damage location (1)
- Damage prediction (1)
- Damage tolerance (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Damages (1)
- Dampfdruck (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Dangerous goods (1)
- Dangerous substance (1)
- Darkfield imaging (1)
- Darkfield microscopy (1)
- Darr method (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Interoperability (1)
- Data Set (1)
- Data correction (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data driven design (1)
- Data evaluation methods (1)
- Data fitting (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data mapping (1)
- Data pipeline (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Data visualization (1)
- Data-driven material design (1)
- Data-driven materials design (1)
- Data-driven quality assurance (1)
- Data-informed reliability analysis (1)
- Data-integration (1)
- Database (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Ddistributed strain sensing (1)
- De novo peptide sequencing (1)
- Debonding (1)
- Debonding Mechanism (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller factor (1)
- Debye-Waller-Faktor (1)
- Decachlorotetrasilane (1)
- Decarbonisation (1)
- Decision analysis (1)
- Decision theory (1)
- Decision tree (1)
- Decline (1)
- Decomposition mechanism (1)
- Deconvolution (1)
- Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Deep Discharge (1)
- Deep learning segmentation (1)
- Deep learning-based tools (1)
- Deep penetration laser beam welding (1)
- Defect Detection (1)
- Defect population (1)
- Defect reconstruction (1)
- Defect sizing (1)
- Definition (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Degradative processes (1)
- Degree of purity (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Delta isotope standard (1)
- Delta value (1)
- Demolition wastes (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Dendrimersomes (1)
- Dendritic (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Denitrification (1)
- Denoising Deblurring Sharpening (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Density data (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Dental composite materials (1)
- Dental materials (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Dentine (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Detail detection (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detection of dangerous materials (1)
- Detectors (1)
- Deteriorating structures (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Developing building materials (1)
- Development (1)
- Deviatoric (1)
- Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) (1)
- Di-tert-butylperoxide (DTBP) (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide (1)
- Dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide; BPPO (1)
- Dice score (1)
- Dichtungen (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Dielectric breakdown (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Dielectrics (1)
- Diesel (1)
- Diesel Particulate Filter Materials (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Dietary adaptation (1)
- Difenoconazole (1)
- Different electrochemical conditions (1)
- Different load cases (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Difficult-to-copy (1)
- Diffraction contrast neutron imaging (1)
- Diffraction elastic constants (1)
- Diffraction peak width (1)
- Diffraction-elastic constants (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusivity (1)
- Diffusons (1)
- Digital Detector Array (DDA) (1)
- Digital I-OFDR (1)
- Digital Image Correlation (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital Twin (1)
- Digital detector array (1)
- Digital detectors (1)
- Digital holographic cytometry (1)
- Digital immunoassay (1)
- Digital industrial radiology (1)
- Digital radiology (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digital volume correlation (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitale Radiologie (1)
- Digitalizations (1)
- Dimensional metrology (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Dipsersive XAS (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Direct laser deposition (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Directed energy deposition (1)
- Directional grain growth (1)
- Disbond (1)
- Discontinuities (1)
- Disease (1)
- Disinfection Fuel (1)
- Disinfection by-product (1)
- Dislocation (1)
- Dislocation density (1)
- Dislocations (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Disorientation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersion of nanomaterials (1)
- Dispersive XAS (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Dissimilar joints (1)
- Dissimilar materials (1)
- Dissimilar metal weld (1)
- Dissociation constant (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Distortion upon baseplate removal (1)
- Distributed Acoustic Sensing (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) (1)
- Distributed fiber optic radiation sensors (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensor (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensors (1)
- Distributed polymer optical fiber sensor (1)
- Distributed sensor (1)
- Distributed temperature gradient sensing (1)
- Distributed vibrations sensing (DVS) (1)
- Distribution of relaxation times analysis (1)
- Disulfides (1)
- Ditigtal image correlation (1)
- Dityrosine crosslinking (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Docking (1)
- Doctoral School (1)
- Domain Ontology Development (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Double complex compound (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Double notched creep specimen (1)
- Double-multilayer monochromators (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downburst (1)
- Downhole (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Draft Genome (1)
- Drag resistance (1)
- Drawing layers (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Driving rain (1)
- Driving style (1)
- Drone (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug-to-antibody ratio (1)
- Dry contact transducers in boreholes (1)
- Dry reforming of methane (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dual phase steel (1)
- Dual-color labeling glycan (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Dual-energy imaging (1)
- Dual-environment (1)
- Ductile cast iron (1)
- Duplex AISI 2205 (1)
- Duplex steels (1)
- Durability assessment (1)
- Durchstrahlungsprüfung (1)
- Dwell periods (1)
- Dwell times (1)
- Dwell-time (1)
- DySEM (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye loading optimisation (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dye release (1)
- Dye-doped fiber (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- Dynamic Bayesian Network (1)
- Dynamic axle loads (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic excitation (1)
- Dynamic fracture mechanics (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (1)
- Dynamic scanning calorimetry (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- Dynamic test method (1)
- Dynamical theory (1)
- Dünnschichttechnik (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- E-nose (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EBAM (1)
- EC definition (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC definition of nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDM (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EFQM Excellence Modell (1)
- EFTEM (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EN AW-2618A (1)
- EP-3533 (1)
- EPMA (1)
- EPR (1)
- EPREL (1)
- EPS (1)
- ESCA (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESPR (1)
- EU Definition of nanomaterial (1)
- EU-CLP (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EURAS (1)
- EVA (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Early oxidation (1)
- Early sulfidation (1)
- Earth block masonry (1)
- Earth masonry (1)
- Earth material (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Earthquake Monitoring (1)
- Earthquake data (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecological scarcity method (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ecotoxixity (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine excretion (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Eddy Currents (1)
- Eddy current testing (ET) (1)
- Eddy-current testing (1)
- Edge quality (1)
- Effect of scanning strategies (1)
- Effective attenuation coefficient (1)
- Effective gas diffusion coefficient (1)
- Effective irradiation dose 0.2-16 [Gy] (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Effusivity (1)
- Egress (1)
- Elastic (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Elastic behavior (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic microstructure (1)
- Elastic modulus (1)
- Elastic properties (1)
- Elastic reverse time migration (1)
- Elastic waves (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Elastodynamic Finite Inegration Technique (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Electric conductivity (1)
- Electric discharge machining (1)
- Electric impedance (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical insulators (1)
- Electrics (1)
- Electro-Magneto-Mechanical (1)
- Electro-fused zirconia (1)
- Electrochemical (1)
- Electrochemical CO2 conversion (1)
- Electrochemical behavior (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electrochemical characterisation (1)
- Electrochemical permeation (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electrochromism (1)
- Electrodialysis (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte membrane (1)
- Electromagnetic Force (1)
- Electromagnetic backing (1)
- Electromagnetic field (1)
- Electromagnetic forces (1)
- Electromagnetic rectification (1)
- Electromagnetic scattering (1)
- Electromagnetic stirring (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support system (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron beam welding (1)
- Electron beam-induced charging (1)
- Electron irradiation (1)
- Electron irradiation 30 [kV] (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electron transport (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic nose (1)
- Electronic skin (1)
- Electronic structure (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electroosmosis (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Element transport (1)
- Elemental analyser (1)
- Elementanalyse (1)
- Elevated temperature (1)
- Ellipsometrie (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Embedded Sensors (1)
- Embedded electronics (1)
- Embedded transducers (1)
- Embedded ultrasonic sensors (1)
- Emergence (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emerging Pollutants (1)
- Emerging infectious disease (1)
- Emission Anisotropy (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission test method (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- Emisssivity (1)
- Empirical mode decomposition (1)
- Enamel (1)
- Enantiomeric excess ee (1)
- Encapsulation process (1)
- Encoding (1)
- End crater (1)
- Endlager (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endokriner Disruptor (1)
- Endurance Limit (1)
- Endurance limit (1)
- Energetic Materials (1)
- Energy Conversion (1)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology (1)
- Energy Labelling (1)
- Energy consumption (1)
- Energy discrimination (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Engineered Barrier System (EBS) (1)
- Engineered barrier (1)
- Engineered barrier system (1)
- Engineered barrier systems (1)
- Engineered barrier; (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Engineering data (1)
- Engineering egress data (1)
- Enhanced Imaging (1)
- Enhancement strategy (1)
- Entomopathogenic Fungus (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Entropy noise (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental Science (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental and Operational Variability (1)
- Environmental assessment (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental impact categories (1)
- Environmental influence (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Environmental speciation (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme activity (1)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1)
- Epimerization (1)
- Epitaxial thin films (1)
- Epitaxially grown 4H-SiC layers (1)
- Epoxies (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Equations of state (1)
- Equilibrium constant (1)
- Equilibrium relaxation (1)
- Equivalent circuit (1)
- Ergopeptide (1)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Erosion onset (1)
- Erosion phenomena (1)
- Error correction (1)
- Error sources analysis (1)
- Estimation (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Estrogen receptor (ER) (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- Eu (1)
- Euramet EMRP (1)
- European Metrology Networks (EMNs) (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- European project (1)
- European regulation (1)
- Eurotiomycetes (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evacuation (1)
- Evanescent wave (1)
- Evaporite deposits (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Exchange interaction (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excimers (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Excitation forces (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Existing Concrete Structures (1)
- Existing structure (1)
- Exocytosis (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental (1)
- Experimental and numerical techniques (1)
- Experimental determination (1)
- Experimental procedure (1)
- Experiments (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Exploding Wire (1)
- Explosion characteristics (1)
- Explosion limit (1)
- Explosion protection (1)
- Explosive welding (1)
- Explosives (1)
- Explosives detection (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Exposure modeling (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extracellular pH (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Extremotolerance (1)
- F pili (1)
- F-N-diagram (1)
- FAIR Data Management (1)
- FAIR data (1)
- FAIR principles (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FAME (1)
- FAT class (1)
- FEFF (1)
- FEM Simulation (1)
- FEM simulation (1)
- FETI (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FFF-filament (1)
- FFF-printing (1)
- FFT (1)
- FIB patterning (1)
- FIB/SEM slice and view (1)
- FLAG peptide (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FSDC (1)
- FSW (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR-ATR (1)
- FTIR-ATR Measurements (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Facade (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Factor analysis (1)
- Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (1)
- Failure mechanisms (1)
- Fakes (1)
- False-positive results (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Farben (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fatigue Strength (1)
- Fatigue behavior (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue life (1)
- Fatigue limit (1)
- Fatigue of sandwich shell structures (1)
- Fatigue properties (1)
- Fatigue testing (1)
- Fault detectionchanging (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- Fe3Al (1)
- FeNi (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Feedstock powder (1)
- Femtosecond laser patterning (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fenton-like reaction (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron (1)
- Ferritic steels (1)
- Ferritic/martensitic steel (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Ferroelectrets (1)
- Ferroelectric (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Ferroic cooling (1)
- Ferromagnetic steel (1)
- Ferrous phosphate hydrate (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Festschrift (1)
- Fetal bovine serum (1)
- Fiber Bragg gratings (1)
- Fiber characterization (1)
- Fiber optic (1)
- Fiber optic sensing (1)
- Fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Fiber resisted polymers (1)
- Fiber structuring (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Fiber-optic sensing (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Fiber-reinforced plastics (1)
- Fiberoptic sensors (1)
- Fibre bragg grating (1)
- Fibre pull-out (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Field test (1)
- Filler material distribution (1)
- Filler wire (1)
- Filler wire mixing (1)
- Film thickness (1)
- Filter (1)
- Filter effects (1)
- Filtration (1)
- Finish milling (1)
- Finit Element Method (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite Element Modelling (1)
- Finite element (1)
- Finite element (FE) (1)
- Finite element method (FEM) (1)
- Finite element model (1)
- Finite elements (1)
- Finite-element analysis (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Fire after earthquake (1)
- Fire performance (1)
- Fire retardancy (1)
- Fire retardant (1)
- Fire retardant interlayers (1)
- Fire safety (1)
- Fire spalling (1)
- Fire stability (1)
- Fire tests (1)
- Firing (1)
- First derivative (1)
- Fishmeal (1)
- Fixation (1)
- Flame Retardancy (1)
- Flame propagation (1)
- Flame retardance (1)
- Flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesives (1)
- Flame retardant; (1)
- Flange width (1)
- Flash DSC (1)
- Flash excitation (1)
- Flash thermography (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flat bottom holes (1)
- Flaw detection (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Flexible Magnetic Sensors (1)
- Flexible PU foam (1)
- Flexible car body (1)
- Flexible magnetic field sensors (1)
- Flexible polyurethane foam (1)
- Flexible waveguide (1)
- Flexible wheelset (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Floor heating (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-through columns (1)
- Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (1)
- Fluidic devices (1)
- Fluor-Substitution (1)
- Fluorescein (1)
- Fluorescence Polarization (1)
- Fluorescence label (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence screen (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent markers (1)
- Fluorescent microscopy (1)
- Fluorescent optical fiber (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluorescent sensors (1)
- Fluoride catalyst (1)
- Fluoride phosphate glasses (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluorine coordination (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Fluoropolymers (1)
- Flux balance analysis (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Flüssigmetallinduzierte Rissbildung (1)
- Foam (1)
- Foams (1)
- Focused sound fields (1)
- Focused transducers (1)
- Folding chirality (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Formation (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Formic acid (1)
- Fourier transform spectroscopy (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fractals (1)
- Fractography (1)
- Fracture Mechanics (1)
- Fracture mechanics problems (1)
- Fracture surface analysis (1)
- Fracture surface energy (1)
- Fracture surfaces (1)
- Fracture toughness (1)
- Fragility (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fragmentation pathway (1)
- Frameshift (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Free polymer (1)
- Freeform shaped workpieces (1)
- Freeze-thaw attack (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Freilandtest (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Frequency Drift (1)
- Frequency domain (1)
- Fresnoite (1)
- Friction braking (1)
- Friction stir welding (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- Frost salt attack (1)
- Fs-inscription (1)
- Fuel (1)
- Fuel Technology (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Fuel consumption (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Full notch creep test (1)
- Full-field phase tomography (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional determinants (1)
- Functional fatigue (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functional monomers (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionality (1)
- Functionalization of fullerenes (1)
- Functionally graded porous structure (1)
- Fungal cell-walls (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Furan derivatives (1)
- Furniture (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- Fusion zone size (1)
- Future‑oriented standards (1)
- G quadruplex (1)
- G quadruplexes (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GDL (1)
- GE-XANES (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- GPR (1)
- GPS data (1)
- GPU Parallel computing (1)
- GTR 13 (1)
- GUR (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Galvanic anodes (1)
- Galvanic corrosion (1)
- Galvanized steel (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma radiation (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- Gas adsorption (1)
- Gas calibration (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- Gas discharges (1)
- Gas dispersion (1)
- Gas distribution mapping (1)
- Gas emission (1)
- Gas evolution (1)
- Gas explosions (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas sensors (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas tomography (1)
- Gas transport in porous media (1)
- Gas-sensitive micro-drone (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gated materials (1)
- Gd-DOTA (1)
- Gd3+ (1)
- Gel-bound Colorants (1)
- Gelartige Elektrolyte (1)
- Gemcitabine (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- General Chemical Engineering (1)
- General Computer Science (1)
- General Energy (1)
- General Engineering (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Physics and Astronomy (1)
- General analytical solutions (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genome sequencing (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Genotoxicity testing (1)
- Geocomposite drain (1)
- Geoenvironmental engineering (1)
- Geographical origins (1)
- Geogrid (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Geometric deep learning (1)
- Geometric phase (1)
- Geometric phase measurement (1)
- Geometric vehicle and track irregularities (1)
- Geometrical deviation (1)
- Geometrical factors (1)
- Geometrical magnification (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- Geotextile (1)
- Geothermal environment (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Gesteuerte Materialien (1)
- Geteilte Infrastruktur (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Giant magneto resistance (1)
- Giant magneto resistance (GMR) (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Github (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Glass fiber-epoxy composites (1)
- Glass fiber-reinforced composites (1)
- Glass fibre (1)
- Glass forming melts (1)
- Glass liner (1)
- Glass manufacturing (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Glass scintillator (1)
- Glass-ceramics (1)
- Glass-ceramics definition (1)
- Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic transport tank (1)
- Glass-fibre-reinforced (1)
- Gleeble experiments (1)
- Global ambient vibrations (1)
- Global hydrogen market (1)
- Global radiation (1)
- Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Gnomonic projections (1)
- Goal-oriented (1)
- Gold nanocluster (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gold-Katalyse (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain Boundary Segregation (1)
- Grain Boundary Spinodal (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Grain boundary precipitates (1)
- Grain boundary sliding (1)
- Grain growth (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Grain structure (1)
- Granite (1)
- Granular cohesion (1)
- Granules (1)
- Graph databases (1)
- Graph learning (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based material (GBM) (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphical model (1)
- Graphite (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Graphite induced hysteresis (1)
- Grass pollen (1)
- Grating interferometry (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Gravity response (1)
- Green Deal (1)
- Green facades (1)
- Green light excitation (1)
- Green urban construction (1)
- Grinding (1)
- Ground Penetrating Radar (1)
- Ground motion detection (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Group profile (1)
- Grout (1)
- Grouted connection (1)
- Grouting (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Growth-rate homeostasis (1)
- Guanidinium receptors (1)
- Guided waves (1)
- Gurson model (1)
- Gypsum dehydration (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Gyroid lattice (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAZ-softening (1)
- HCF (1)
- HEA (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HF-shuttle (1)
- HIgh entropy, (1)
- HNBR (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPLC/MS/MS technique (1)
- HPSEC (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- HSLA steel (1)
- HTMS (1)
- Hackathon (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Half-Cell Potential Mapping (1)
- Halloysite nanotubes (1)
- Halogen-free (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Hammer impact (1)
- Hard Carbon (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Hard metal (1)
- Hard metals (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hardly separable problem (1)
- Harmful algal bloom (1)
- Harmful algal blooms (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Harsh environment (1)
- Hartmann effect (1)
- Hastelloy X (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Hazard properties (1)
- Hazardous chemicals (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heat of combustion (1)
- Heat pump (1)
- Heat release (1)
- Heat source models (1)
- Heat-affected zone (1)
- Heat-transfer Measurements (1)
- Heating oil with 10 % FAME (1)
- Heavy chains (1)
- Heavy gas (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Hemihydrate (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- Herbaspirillum seropedicae (1)
- Herpotrichiellaceae (1)
- Heterodyning (1)
- Heusler alloys (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- Hexachlorodisilane (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High - temperature (1)
- High Cycle Fatigue (1)
- High Entropy Alloys (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High ductility (1)
- High energy beam welding (1)
- High energy radiography (1)
- High heat resistance (1)
- High pH (1)
- High power laser beam welding (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High process speeds (1)
- High resolution ultrasonic testing (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High temperature corrosion (1)
- High temperature oxidation (1)
- High temperatures (1)
- High throughput screening (1)
- High voltage cable accessories (1)
- High-Entropy Alloys (1)
- High-Order Methods (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-Strength Steel (1)
- High-Throughput Fire Tests (1)
- High-energy X-ray imaging (1)
- High-fired gypsum (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-fired medieval gypsum mortars (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-power Laserbeam Welding (1)
- High-precision nail penetration (1)
- High-pressure (1)
- High-pressure density (1)
- High-pressure hydrogen environment (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution transmission in SEM (TSEM) (1)
- High-rise building (1)
- High-strength filler metals (1)
- High-strength low-alloy steel (1)
- High-strength steel filler metal (1)
- High-strength steels (1)
- High-temperature ceramics (1)
- High-temperature corrosion (1)
- High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)
- High-voltage testing (1)
- Highly reinforced concrete (1)
- High‐nitrogen steel (1)
- High‐temperature corrosion (1)
- Hilbert transform (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Historic facades (1)
- Hochfester Stahl (1)
- Hofmeister effect (1)
- Hollow Specimen Technique (1)
- Hollow specimen (1)
- Hollow specimen technique (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Homogenization schemes (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Honeycombing (1)
- Horizontal wind turbine (1)
- Horizontally polarized shear waves (1)
- Hospital premises (1)
- Host and symbiont ecology (1)
- Host guest molecules (1)
- Hot Cracks (1)
- Hot cracking test (1)
- Hot disc method (1)
- Hot electrons (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (1)
- Hot pressing (1)
- Hot storage (1)
- Hot tensile test (1)
- Hot working tool steel (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Human Factors (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human error (1)
- Human fibroblast growth factors (1)
- Human health (1)
- Human health G. (1)
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Humic matter (1)
- Humidity sensing (1)
- Humidity sensor (1)
- Hunting phenomenon (1)
- Hybrid Laser arc Welding (1)
- Hybrid Manufacturing (1)
- Hybrid alkaline cement (1)
- Hybrid cements (1)
- Hybrid composite pressure vessel (1)
- Hybrid manufacturing (1)
- Hybrid monte carlo (1)
- Hybrid repair (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydration stoppage (1)
- Hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Hydrocarbons (1)
- Hydrochemical evolution (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrodynamic model (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogarnet (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen Transfer Film (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen diffusion (1)
- Hydrogen economy (1)
- Hydrogen measurement (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen policies (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrogen safety (1)
- Hydrogen storage tank (1)
- Hydrogen supply (1)
- Hydrogen uptake reproducibility (1)
- Hydrogen-containing gas mixture (1)
- Hydrogen-enriched natural gas (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrogen‐induced stress corrosion cracking (1)
- Hydrophilicity (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrothermal Ageging (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydrothermal treatment (1)
- Hydrous glass (1)
- Hydroxy warfarin (1)
- Hydroxylellestadite (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- Hygromycin resistance (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- Hypermutation (1)
- Hyperthermia (1)
- Hystersis (1)
- I-shape sections (1)
- IAPV (1)
- IBESS (1)
- IBESS Approach (1)
- IC50 (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- ID-MS (1)
- IEPE (1)
- ILC (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- IN 718 (1)
- IN725 (1)
- INCONEL 718 (1)
- IR (1)
- IRHD microhardness (1)
- ISO 11119 (1)
- ISO 12108 (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- ISO 9223 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- ISRU (1)
- Icing conditions (1)
- Identification (1)
- Identification and quantification of additives (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Ignition (1)
- Ignition source (1)
- Ignition sources (1)
- Illite (1)
- Image evaluation (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Image reconstruction (1)
- Image registration (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imaging XPS (1)
- Imaging condition (1)
- Imaging technique (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immersion oil (1)
- Immersion tank testing (1)
- Immunassay (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunoarray (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunoglobulin E (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Impact Absorbed Energy (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Impact damage (1)
- Impact echo (1)
- Impact of standards (1)
- Imperceptible electronics (1)
- Implant material (1)
- Implants (1)
- Imprinting (1)
- Impulse response function (1)
- Impurites (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ synthesis (1)
- In situ tensile test (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-air ranging (1)
- In-house calibration solution (1)
- In-line Monitoring (1)
- In-process monitoring (1)
- In-situ ED-XRD (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In-situ SEM micro shear deformation (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ compression (1)
- In-situ diffraction (1)
- In-situ phase analysis (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- In-situ tensile test (1)
- In-situ testing (1)
- Inca (1)
- Inclination angle (1)
- Incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (1)
- Inconel 625 (1)
- Inconel 686 (1)
- Incorrect classification (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indentation fracture toughness (1)
- Indentation hardness (1)
- Indenter modulus (1)
- Independent test method (1)
- Indicator displacement assay (1)
- Indicators (1)
- Indirect combustion noise (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Individual cell tracking (1)
- Indoor mycobiome (1)
- Induced polarization (1)
- Induction heating (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively‑coupled mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial CT (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industrial by-products (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Industrial leak testing (1)
- Industrial reference standard (1)
- Industrial safety (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inert gases (1)
- Infecting a number of insects, (1)
- Infections (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Information Security (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Information carrier (1)
- Information security management system (ISMS) (1)
- Infra-lightweight concrete (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Inherent Strain (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Ink fingerprint (1)
- Inkjet (1)
- Inline Analytics (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Inorganic arsenic (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inorganic impurities (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Inspection design and planning (1)
- Inspection planning (1)
- Instantaneous wavenumber analysis (1)
- Institutional theory (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Instumented indentation test (1)
- Insulation (1)
- Insulation material (1)
- Integrated alignment features (1)
- Intellectual property rights (IPR) (1)
- Intelligent control (1)
- Intelligent tribological material characterization (1)
- Intelligente tribologische Werkstoffcharakterisierung (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Inter-layer time (1)
- Interactions (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interface salt-concrete / rock salt (1)
- Interfaces (1)
- Interfacial Strength (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial strength (1)
- Interferometric spectroscopy (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Intergranular strain (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Intermittent microplasticity (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Internal friction (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Internal stresses (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoperable (1)
- Interpass temperature (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Interphase residual stress (1)
- Interpretable machine learning (1)
- Intra-plant isotope variability (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Intrinsic stress (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Intumescent additives (1)
- Intumescent coatings (1)
- Invar (1)
- Inverse Design (1)
- Inverse Problem (1)
- Inverse analysis (1)
- Inverse design techniques (1)
- Inverse problem (1)
- Inverted classroom (1)
- IoT (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ion-exchange membranes (1)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionic porosity (1)
- Ionic stregth (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron aluminide (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron oxides (1)
- Iron reducing bacteria (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron-oxo oligomers (1)
- Irradiation geometry (1)
- Isothermal nucleic acid amplification (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope dilution analysis (1)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1)
- Isotope fractionation (1)
- Isotope mixture (1)
- Isotope reference material (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic fractionation (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Issues (1)
- Istzustandserfassung (1)
- Iterative method (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Iterative reconstruction (1)
- JLH (1)
- JMAK model (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- Jahrestag (1)
- Janus dendrimers (1)
- Jet erosion (1)
- Jet flame (1)
- Jet grout (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Joining dissimilar materials (1)
- Joining technology (1)
- Joint grouts (1)
- K-feldspar (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- KCl (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kernel average misorientation (1)
- Keyhole collapse (1)
- Keyhole dynamics (1)
- Keywords: Poly(ether ether ketone) (1)
- Kikuchi bands (1)
- Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Kinematic theory (1)
- Kinetic study (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram (1)
- Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Klimaveränderung (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Knoevenagel condensation (1)
- Knowledge Graph (1)
- Knowledge Representation (1)
- Knowledge Use (1)
- Knowledge and technology transfer (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Knowledge spillovers (1)
- Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) (1)
- Knudsen diffusion (1)
- Knudsen effect (1)
- Koffein (1)
- Kompost (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kosmotrope (1)
- Kramers-Kronig detector (1)
- Kunststoffbehälter (1)
- L-PBF IN718 material (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LA-ICP-MS based immunoassays (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LBM-DEM numerical simulation (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LCC (1)
- LCF (1)
- LET (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LIBS TIG welding (1)
- LL equation (1)
- LLG (1)
- LMD (1)
- LN2 cooling (1)
- LSFD (1)
- LSVEC (1)
- LTCC (1)
- LTT (1)
- LTT Weld Filler Materials (1)
- LTT filler metal (1)
- LTT weld filler materials (1)
- Lab on a chip (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Lab-to-field up-scaling (1)
- Lab-to-field upscaling (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Laboratory breeding (1)
- Laboratory energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lache (1)
- Lack-of-fusion (1)
- Lactide (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Laminar burning velocity (LBV) (1)
- Laminate design (1)
- Laminated metallic composites (1)
- Laminates (1)
- Laminography (1)
- Lamé curves (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Landfill capping system (1)
- Landslide propagation modelling (1)
- Langmuir isotherm (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large Language model (1)
- Large components (1)
- Large test fecility (1)
- Large volume samplers (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Large-scale test (1)
- Large-scale tests (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser Ablation ICP-MS (1)
- Laser Doppler Vibrometer (1)
- Laser Infrared thermography (1)
- Laser Machining (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Processing (1)
- Laser Welding (1)
- Laser ablation ICP-MS (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (1)
- Laser arc-hybrid welding (1)
- Laser cladding (1)
- Laser cleaning (1)
- Laser cutting (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser energy absorption (1)
- Laser excitation (1)
- Laser implantation (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser induced plasma deposition (1)
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser powder-bed fusion (1)
- Laser powderbed fusion (1)
- Laser scanner optics (1)
- Laser scanning (1)
- Laser welding (1)
- Laser-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) (1)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Laser-plasma hybrid (1)
- Lateral dynamic displacement (1)
- Lateral resolution (1)
- Lattice distortions (1)
- Lattice parameter determination (1)
- Lattice point density (1)
- Lattice rotation (1)
- Lattice structure (1)
- Laves phase (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Layered manganese oxide (1)
- Layers (1)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (1)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Leaching test (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead identification (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Leak (1)
- Leak detection (1)
- Leak-tightness (1)
- Leakage rate (1)
- Leakproofness (1)
- Leakproofness test (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Lecture films (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1)
- Levelized cost of energy (1)
- Levitation Device (1)
- Lewis Acid (1)
- Lewis superacids (1)
- Lewis/Bronsted (1)
- Li dendrites (1)
- Li dendrites penetration mechanisms (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- LiYF4 (1)
- Library (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) (1)
- Life cycle thinking (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Life science (1)
- Life-cycle assessment (1)
- Life-cycle costing (1)
- Lifetime encoding (1)
- Lifetime-encoded beads (1)
- Ligand analysis (1)
- Ligandsubstitution (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Light chains (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Light harvesting (1)
- Light-harvesting (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (1)
- Lightweight materials (1)
- Lightweight structures (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignin modification (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Limestone powder (1)
- Limit of acceptable consequence (1)
- Limitations (1)
- Limited angle tomography (1)
- Limited data (1)
- Lindemann criterion (1)
- Linear array (1)
- Linear elastic fracture mechanics (1)
- Linear parameter varying systems (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Linker (1)
- Lipid Nanodiscs (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquefied Hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied Natural Gas (1)
- Liquefied hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied natural gas (1)
- Liquid Crystal (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Liquid-metal embrittlement (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (1)
- Lithium aluminosilicates (1)
- Litium Ion Cells (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Lluminescence (1)
- Load Experiment (1)
- Load cycles (1)
- Load identification (1)
- Load transfer (1)
- Local Weld Geometry (1)
- Local approaches (1)
- Local corrosion (1)
- Local critical strain (1)
- Local fatigue approaches (1)
- Local fatigue spproaches (1)
- Local resonance (1)
- Local wavenumber analysis (1)
- Localised corrosion (1)
- Localization (1)
- Localized laser dispersing (1)
- Localized model order reduction (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Long-term requirements (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Lorentz force (1)
- Lorentz forces (1)
- Loss (1)
- Low Transformation Temperature filler wire (1)
- Low blow (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Low field NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Low transformation temperature filler wire (1)
- Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low-carbon construction (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Low-frequency shaker (1)
- Low-loading (1)
- Lower explosion limit (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Lumineszenz (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lunar regolith (1)
- Lupolen (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- L‐PBF (1)
- M-N-C catalysts (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS/MS (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCA-modeling (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MCR (1)
- MDCK cell (1)
- MDFEM (1)
- MEA (1)
- MESG (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MIMO (1)
- MLCT (1)
- MLI (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MRT (1)
- MST (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- MVT (1)
- MW-AES (1)
- MWIR (1)
- MYCN (1)
- Maceration (1)
- Machine learning optimization (1)
- Machine learning segmentation (1)
- Machine vision (1)
- Macroion/growth factor assemblies (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Macropores (1)
- Macroscopic (1)
- Macroscopic stress (1)
- Magnesium Alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnesium chloride brine (1)
- Magnesium-gadolinium alloy (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic Methods (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic alloys (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic bath support (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clusters (1)
- Magnetic materials (1)
- Magnetic moment (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetic sensor system (1)
- Magnetic sensors (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetic thin films (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magneto-optical sensor (1)
- Magneto-structural transition (1)
- Magnetocaloric effect (1)
- Magnetocaloric materials (1)
- Magnetoeleastic couplin (1)
- Magnetomechanical effect (1)
- Magnetostriction (1)
- Magnéli phase (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Management science and operations research (1)
- Management system standards (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Mapping for unseparable load (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marek's Disease Virus (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Maritime Atmosphäre (1)
- Maritime atmosphere (1)
- Market access (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martensitic steels (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Maschinenfundament (1)
- Maskinteknik (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass loss (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Mass-Spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Matching ferritic filler metal (1)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Material Moisture (1)
- Material behavior (1)
- Material cassification (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material classification (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material discrimination (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material engineering (1)
- Material inspection (1)
- Material science (1)
- Material sciences (1)
- Material synthesis (1)
- Materialeigenschaft (1)
- Materials Modelling (1)
- Materials Properties (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials Testing (1)
- Materials analysis (1)
- Materials by design (1)
- Materials chemistry (1)
- Materials database (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matrix influence (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Mean atomic number (1)
- Mean-field modelling (1)
- Measurement Uncertainty (1)
- Measurement campaigns (1)
- Measurement method (1)
- Measurement techniques (1)
- Measurement uncertainties (1)
- Mechanical Load (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical analysis (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanical behavior (1)
- Mechanical characterization (1)
- Mechanical flexibility (1)
- Mechanical loading (1)
- Mechanical mismatching (1)
- Mechanical modelling (1)
- Mechanical response (1)
- Mechanical strength (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanical treatment (1)
- Mechanical waves (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis (1)
- Mechanistic study (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Mechanochemically synthesis (1)
- Mechanosensitive channel (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medical imaging (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Medieval Jewish manuscripts (1)
- Medium entropy alloys (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Melamine cyanurate (1)
- Melamine polyphosphate (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Melanised microcolonial fungi (MCF) (1)
- Melt dripping (1)
- Melt pool boundary (1)
- Melt pool depth (1)
- Melt pool dynamics (1)
- Melt pool monitoring (1)
- Mercaptans (1)
- Mercury intrusion porosimetry (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Mesh routing (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesofluidics (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Mesoporöse Träger (1)
- Mesoscale (1)
- Mesoscopic (1)
- Messsysteme (1)
- Meta material (1)
- Meta-Omics (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic modeling (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal Organic Frameworks (1)
- Metal additive manufacturing (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal cluster (1)
- Metal halides (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal matrix composite (1)
- Metal matrix composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal matrix composites (1)
- Metal mixing (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metal seals (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metal-oxides (1)
- Metallic Glass (1)
- Metallic materials (1)
- Metallic matrix pad (1)
- Metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metals and alloys (1)
- Metal–organic frameworks (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Metamaterials (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 (1)
- Metathesis (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methanol oxidation (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Methylanilines (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metoligotoma (1)
- Metrologie (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Micro- and nanocapsules (1)
- Micro-CT scanning (1)
- Micro-Raman imaging (1)
- Micro-comuted tomography (µCT) (1)
- Micro-concentrator solar cell (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microalloying influences (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbial simulation, (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) (1)
- Microbially induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological Corrosion (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Microcystins (1)
- Microencapsulated thermochromic pigments (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfine Cement (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Microfluidic mixing (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Microfocus X-ray computer tomography (μCT) (1)
- Microhardness (1)
- Micromagnetism (1)
- Micromechanical model (1)
- Micromechanics (1)
- Micrometeorites (1)
- Micromonospora aurantiaca (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic fibers (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastic stress (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microporous polymers (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microspheres (1)
- Microstrain distribution (1)
- Microstructure evolution (1)
- Microstructured fibers (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Middle Pleistocene (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mild steels (1)
- Miller and Urey (1)
- Millipedes (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Mineral identification (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Mineral paragenesis (1)
- Mineralogie (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Mini-plant (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Minimally-invasive parapatellar approach (1)
- Minimum Waiting Time (1)
- Minimum burst pressure (1)
- Minimum energy performance standards (1)
- Minimum ignition temperature (1)
- Mining head gear (1)
- Misalignment of edges (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Missing fragmentation sites (1)
- Missing wedge (1)
- Mitigation strategies (1)
- Mix-design (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixed conductors (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed surface (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- Mixing procedure (1)
- Mn-oxides (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- MoS2 (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Mobile phase (1)
- Mobile robot olfaction (1)
- Mobiles LIBS (1)
- Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS) (1)
- Modal Analysis (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Modal parameters (1)
- Model Building (1)
- Model Predictive Control (1)
- Model Updating (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Model interpolation (1)
- Model order reduction (1)
- Model order reduction (MOR) (1)
- Model reduction (1)
- Modelling studies (1)
- Modern (1)
- Modes of action (1)
- Modification of structural morphology (1)
- Modified U-Net architectures (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Modular model (1)
- Modular production units (1)
- Moisture content (1)
- Moisture distribution (1)
- Moisture measurements (1)
- Molar extinction coefficient determination (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular diffusion (1)
- Molecular identification (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular mass distribution (1)
- Molecular recognition at interfaces (1)
- Molecular sieves (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Molten pool (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monitoring strategy (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monoklonal (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monopile support structure (1)
- Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Moon (1)
- Morphological image analysis (1)
- Mortar method (1)
- Motif (1)
- Motor control (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Mounting medium (1)
- Movement characteristics (1)
- Moving vehicles (1)
- MscS (1)
- Mukuru (1)
- Multi photon lithography (1)
- Multi-Offset Array (1)
- Multi-attribute decision method (1)
- Multi-beam track model (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-criteria decision support (1)
- Multi-dimensional reconstruction (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-energy CT (1)
- Multi-hop (1)
- Multi-materials joining (1)
- Multi-omics (1)
- Multi-phase materials (1)
- Multi-physical modelling (1)
- Multi-principal element alloy (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multi-sensor (1)
- Multi-sensor approach (1)
- Multiaxial deformation (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multidimensional technology adoption (1)
- Multifuncitonal material systems (1)
- Multigene phylogeny (1)
- Multilayer Insulation (1)
- Multilayer graphene (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multilaysers (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multimodal analysis (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multiple principal element alloy (1)
- Multiple reflections (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiple-layered scaffold (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- Multiplexed assay (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Multiscale (1)
- Multiscale methods (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariat (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate evaluation (1)
- Multivariate methods (1)
- Multi‐component diffusion (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- Muon (1)
- Muon tomography (1)
- Murchison meteorite (1)
- Mushrooms (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesive systems (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- Mössbauer (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- Mössbauer spectroscopy (1)
- Mössbauer study (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- M−N/Cs (1)
- N2-stripping (1)
- NAT (1)
- NDE (1)
- NDT Reliability (1)
- NGS (1)
- NH3-TPD (1)
- NHS (1)
- NHS-Ester (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR dyes (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- NIR-I (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMC Cathode (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NSE (1)
- NaI (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nano Particles (1)
- Nano particles (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-materials (1)
- Nano-powder (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanobiocide (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanocoating (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanocorrosion of aluminium and silicon (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanomechanics (1)
- Nanon (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopatricle (1)
- Nanophotonics (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanopores (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostructuring (1)
- Nanotoxicology (1)
- Nanotribology (1)
- Nanoviscosity (1)
- Nanowear (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Natrium (1)
- Natural (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Natural rubber (1)
- Natural silver wires (1)
- Natural stones (1)
- Nb3Sn (1)
- NbC (1)
- Near Ambient Pressure XPS (1)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Near-surface X-ray diffraction (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Nelson’s method (1)
- Neoallergen (1)
- Neoepitopes (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Network (1)
- Network science (1)
- Networking (1)
- Neurons (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neurotrophins (1)
- Neutral dyes (1)
- Neutron Bragg edge imaging (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron Scattering (1)
- Neutron and X-ray diffraction (1)
- Neutron instrument (1)
- Neutron radiology (1)
- Newton Raphson method (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Ni alloy (1)
- Ni-Mn-Ga (1)
- Ni-based austenitic filler metal (1)
- Nickel alloys (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Nickel-base alloy (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen monoxide (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Nitrososphaerales (1)
- Nitrous oxide (1)
- Nneutron imaging (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Nodularins (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non Destructive Testing (1)
- Non linear dynamics (1)
- Non-Destructive Evaluation (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destrucive testing (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive evaluation (1)
- Non-destructive testing in civil engineering (1)
- Non-destructive testing of concrete (1)
- Non-destructuive testing (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Non-linear Arrhenius behavior (1)
- Non-linear finite element modelling (1)
- Non-metal determination (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-serrated inhomogeneous flow (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Non-synoptic wind event (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Non-weldable superalloy (1)
- Noncovalent interactions (1)
- Nondestructive Testing (1)
- Nondestructive testing (NDT) (1)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (1)
- Nonlinear Equation of Motion (1)
- Nonlinear Finite Element Formulations (1)
- Nonlinear behavior (1)
- Nonlinear stress-strain curve (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nosema (1)
- Nosema ceranae (1)
- Notch (1)
- Notch stress approach (1)
- Notches (1)
- Novel metrology (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear power plant (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nuclear waste (1)
- Nuclear waste repository (1)
- Nuclear waste storage (1)
- Nucleation tendency (1)
- Nucleic acid tests (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Number-weighted median size (1)
- Numerical Simulation (1)
- Numerical analysis (1)
- Numerical inversion (1)
- Numerical investigation (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- Numerical welding simulations (1)
- Numerische Analysen (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nydrogen melting (1)
- OBOC library (1)
- OECD (1)
- OER (1)
- OH (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OH-radical (1)
- OMS (1)
- OOMMF (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (1)
- Obstacles (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Octachlortrisilane (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Odour (1)
- Offshore foundations (1)
- Offshore geomechanics (1)
- Offshore steel grade (1)
- Offshore wind turbine (1)
- Offshore wind turbines (1)
- Oil (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oil-based (1)
- Oligomerization (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- On-chip screening (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- One-bead-one-compound library (1)
- Online Monitoring (1)
- Online Process Monitoring (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Online detection (1)
- Onset of jet erosion (1)
- Onsite inspection (1)
- Ontology Engineering (1)
- Open Circuit Voltage (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Open source (1)
- Operando (1)
- Operational modal analysis (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical Tomography (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical criterion of brittleness (1)
- Optical fibre (1)
- Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (1)
- Optical imaging (1)
- Optical incremental encoder (1)
- Optical methods (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Optically excited lock-in thermography (1)
- Optische Konstanten (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Orchestration (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Ordered/disordered structures (1)
- Organic Solar Cell (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic compounds (1)
- Organic crystal (1)
- Organic electronics (1)
- Organic osmolytes (1)
- Organic peroxides (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Organic-inorganic hybrid composites (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Organophosphonate (1)
- Oriented immobilization (1)
- Orowan Mechanism (1)
- Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (1)
- Orthotropic steel deck (1)
- Oscillating ball-on-disc test (1)
- Oscillating magnetic field (1)
- Oscillating vapor plume (1)
- Oscillation (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Osmotic shock (1)
- Osseointegration (1)
- Osteochondral stifle joint defect (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Outburst floods (1)
- Ovalbumin (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oven drying (1)
- Overhead transmission line (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- Oxygen permability (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- Oxygenation (1)
- Ozon (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PALM (1)
- PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg (1)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (1)
- PBFLB/M AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- PBS (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PCE (1)
- PCR (1)
- PDT (1)
- PET (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PLA (1)
- PLIF-RIM optical techniques (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- PMSM (1)
- POP (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PS (1)
- PSA (1)
- PTFE (1)
- PUR (1)
- PV module (1)
- PVD hard coating (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Pacemaker (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Paints (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Pancharatnam–Berry phase (1)
- Pants (1)
- Papyrology (1)
- Parabolic flight (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Parker method (1)
- Partial discharge (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Partial penetration (1)
- Partial pore saturation (1)
- Partial safety factor modification (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle emission (1)
- Particle emissions (1)
- Particle image velocimetry (1)
- Particle motion trajectory (1)
- Particle number concentration (1)
- Particle size analysis (1)
- Particle size and shape distribution (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Particle transfer (1)
- Particle-bed binder jetting (1)
- Passenger car motor oils (PCMO) (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Patch (1)
- Patents (1)
- Path planning (1)
- Path-based analysis (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Pattern matching (1)
- Pattern recognition methods (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peak stress method (1)
- Peak stress method (PSM) (1)
- Pedestrian dynamics (1)
- Pedestrians with disabilities (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Penetration depth (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Pepper (1)
- Pepper samples (1)
- Peptide aptamers (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptide folding (1)
- Peptide identification (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptide probe (1)
- Peptide synthesis (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perceived Intensity (1)
- Perceived intensity (1)
- Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (1)
- Perfluorinated polymer optical fibers (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Performance (1)
- Periodic solidification pattern (1)
- Perlite (1)
- Permeation measurements (1)
- Permethrin (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Peroxy-fuels (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (1)
- Perzyna viscoplasticity (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pesticide parathion-methyl (1)
- Petroleum (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Pharmazeutika (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phase boundary (1)
- Phase development (1)
- Phase error (1)
- Phase field crystal (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase shifter (1)
- Phase specific residual stresses (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase unwrapping (1)
- Phase-Field Simulations (1)
- Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (1)
- Phase-field modelling (1)
- Phase-sensitive (1)
- Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (1)
- Phased Array (1)
- Phased array (1)
- Phasenzusammensetzung (1)
- Phase‐field modeling (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenotypic diversity (1)
- Phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phl p 5 (1)
- Phleum pratense (1)
- Phonon interactions (1)
- Phospha-Michael addition (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphates (1)
- Phosphinate (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonate (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorescence (1)
- Phosphorous flame retardant (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus flame retardant (1)
- Phosphorus flame retardants (1)
- Phosphorus-containing flame retardant (1)
- Phosphorylated Algae (1)
- Phosphorylated lignin (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photo counting (1)
- Photoacoustic characterization (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer (1)
- Photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- Photoligation (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Photon counting detector (1)
- Photon-electron transport (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photonic devices (1)
- Photonic wire (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Photostabilität (1)
- Photoswitchable rotaxane (1)
- Photothermal (1)
- Photothermal Technique (1)
- Photothermal super resolution (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical aging (1)
- Physical hazards (1)
- Physical properties (1)
- Physical relaxation (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Physico-chemical characterisation of minerals (1)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (1)
- Physics and society (1)
- Physisoprtion (1)
- Phytolith (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Piezoelectric (1)
- Piezoelectric transducer (1)
- Piezoresistive (1)
- Piezoresistive cantilever (1)
- Piezoresponse (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pile integrity (1)
- Pink beams (1)
- Pipe weld preparation (1)
- Pipeline integrity (1)
- Pipeline monitoring (1)
- Pipeline network (1)
- Pipeline vibrations (1)
- Plagioclase (1)
- Planck function (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma Polymerization (1)
- Plasma acoustics (1)
- Plasma chemistry (1)
- Plasma cutting (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasma nanocoatings (1)
- Plasma spray (1)
- Plasma-cut samples (1)
- Plasma-transferred-arc (1)
- Plasmid DNA (1)
- Plasmid DNA pUC19 (1)
- Plasmon enhancement (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic debris (1)
- Plastic degradation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Plastic waste recycling (1)
- Plasticity-based Analysis (1)
- Plate girders (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Platinum-free catalyst (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Plume (1)
- Point of inflection (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Poly(butadiene terephthalates) (PBT) (1)
- Polyamide 4.6 (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Polybutadiene/chloroprene (1)
- Polycaprolactone (1)
- Polychlorosilanes (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycrystal (1)
- Polycrystalline thin films (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyimide-coated optical fibers (1)
- Polyisocyanurate (1)
- Polyisocyanurate; PIR (1)
- Polymer Fibres (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer composite (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)
- Polymer encapsulant (1)
- Polymer matrix composites (1)
- Polymer membranes (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fiber POF (1)
- Polymer optical fibres (1)
- Polymer particles (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymerase mutant (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polymers and plastics (1)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (1)
- Polymorph (1)
- Polyneoptera (1)
- Polynorbornenes (1)
- Polyolefins (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polyoxymethylene (1)
- Polyphosphoester (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polysarcosine (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethane foams (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde foam (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Pore pressure (1)
- Pore size distribution (1)
- Pore space characterization (1)
- Pore structure (1)
- Pore volume distribution (1)
- Pore-size distribution (1)
- Porous building materials (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porous media (1)
- Porous rock (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portable (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Position detection (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) (1)
- Post-consumer plastic waste (1)
- Post-fire testing (1)
- Posterior fatigue reliability (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potash (1)
- Potassium ions (1)
- Potential drop technique (1)
- Potential method (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Potentiodynamic measurements (1)
- Pouch cell (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- Powder analysis (1)
- Powder bed (1)
- Powder bed density (1)
- Powder bed fusion Laser beam (1)
- Powder diffraction (1)
- Powder diffraction measurements (1)
- Powder metallurgy (1)
- Powder processing (1)
- Powder removal (1)
- Powder-based processes (1)
- Power density (1)
- Power law and power-law breakdown (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Ppreheating temperature (1)
- Practicality measurement (1)
- Prebiotic chemistry (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation hardening aluminum alloys (1)
- Precision agriculture (1)
- Precision farming (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive maintenance (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential orientation (1)
- Prehydrated electron (1)
- Prepregs (1)
- Preprocessing (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Pressure assisted sintering (1)
- Pressure technique (1)
- Pressure vessels (1)
- Pressure-dependent solubility (1)
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive (1)
- Pressure-volume product (1)
- Pressurised liquid extraction (1)
- Prestressed concrete bridge (1)
- Prestressing steels (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Preventive Innovation (1)
- Preventive strategies (1)
- Primary Battery (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Primordial soup (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Principal stress components (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Printed Electronics (1)
- Printing (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Probabilistic (1)
- Probabilistic assessment (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probabilistic reassessment (1)
- Probability of damage indication (1)
- Probability of failure (1)
- Probiotic-based vaccines (1)
- Probiotics (1)
- Process (1)
- Process Analytical Tecnology (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process chain (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Process noise (1)
- Process simulation (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Product life cycle (1)
- Products and production systems (1)
- Proficiency Testing (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Programming (1)
- Progressive catalyst poisoning (1)
- Proinflammatory cytokines (1)
- Projection center (1)
- Projekt AGIL - Alterung additiv gefertigter metallischer Materialien und Komponenten (1)
- Proof loading (1)
- Proofreading deficient (1)
- Proper Generalized Decomposition (1)
- Proper generalized decomposition (PGD) (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prostheses (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protective coatings (1)
- Protein G (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein analysis (1)
- Protein coating (1)
- Protein conjugation (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein degradation (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein oligomers (1)
- Protein protection (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Protein-modification (1)
- Proteine microarray (1)
- Proteinoid (1)
- Protemics (1)
- Proteoglycans (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomic analysis (1)
- Protocol development (1)
- Proton conductivity (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Protoplasts (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Proximal soil sensing (1)
- Proximate analysis (1)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (1)
- Prozess-Spektroskopie (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Pseudo-Voigt fit function (1)
- Pseudo-translationalsublattices (1)
- Pseudomonas veronii (1)
- Pseudosymmetry (1)
- Pt catalysts (1)
- Pt(111) (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Ptinidae (1)
- Pt–Si layers (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Public funding (1)
- Publications (1)
- Pudovik reaction (1)
- Pull-Out Behaviour (1)
- Pull-out composite materials (1)
- Pullulan (1)
- Puls-echo method (1)
- Pulse Laser (1)
- Pulse compression (1)
- Pulse-echo method (1)
- Pulsed laser ablation (1)
- Pulsed laser beam welding (1)
- Pulsed magnetic field (1)
- Pulsed thermography (1)
- Pump-probe experiments (1)
- Pure aluminium (1)
- Purity grade (1)
- Push and pull effects (1)
- Push-out test (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrolysis gas chromatography (1)
- Pyrolysis of flame retardant (1)
- Python (1)
- QI-FoKuS (1)
- QR code carrier (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quality infrastructure (1)
- Quality monitoring (1)
- Qualitätskontrolle (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative NMR (1)
- Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantitative moisture measurement (1)
- Quantitative protein analysis (1)
- Quantum Dot (1)
- Quantum Dot Rod (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum Yield (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quartz (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Quenching and partitioning (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- R package (1)
- R&D (1)
- R-curve (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- RBD (1)
- RBE (1)
- RDF (1)
- REACH regulation (1)
- RED (1)
- REMPI (1)
- RFID based sensors (1)
- RFID sensors (1)
- RIM-PLIF techniques (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA virus (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- RXES (1)
- Racemate (1)
- Radiated wavefield (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation induced attenuation (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radical Scavenger (1)
- Radioactive waste disposal (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radiographic procedures (1)
- Radiographic testing (RT) (1)
- Radiology (1)
- Radioprotector ectoine (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Radon (1)
- Rail vibrations (1)
- Railroad (1)
- Railway braking forces (1)
- Railway induced vibration (1)
- Railway measurement campaign (1)
- Railway vibration measurements (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman band width (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rammed earth (1)
- Randomly heterogeneous soil (1)
- Rapid gas decompression (1)
- Rapid solidification (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rapid tests (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Ratcheting convective cell (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Raw material equivalent (1)
- Ray teacing (1)
- Ray-tracing methods (1)
- Rayleigh (1)
- Rayleigh Scattering (1)
- Re-assessment of exiting bridges (1)
- Re-entrant surface feature (1)
- Re-hydration (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reaction Stress (1)
- Reaction monitoring (1)
- Reaction-to-small-flame (1)
- Reactive fire protection system (1)
- Reactor conditions (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Ready-to-use (1)
- Real scale test (1)
- Real time growth control (1)
- Real time measurement (1)
- Real use behavior (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Rebound hammer (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Recommendations (1)
- Reconstruction (1)
- Reconstruction algorithms (1)
- Reconstruction calculation (SAFT) (1)
- Reconstruction of stress resultants (1)
- Recyclable (1)
- Recyclable material (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled materials (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Recycling technology (1)
- Redox (1)
- Redox switch (1)
- Reduced order models (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference defect (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Reference measurement (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference specimen (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Reference values (1)
- References (1)
- Referenzbeispiel (1)
- Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Reflection seismics (1)
- Reflectivity (1)
- Refractive index (1)
- Refracto-vibrometry (1)
- Refractory (1)
- Refractory alloy (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Refractory high entropy alloys (1)
- Refractory superalloys (1)
- Regenerator (1)
- Region of interest (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Regulations (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Reheating (1)
- Reinforcement corrosion (1)
- Reinheitsbestimmung (1)
- Relative humidity (1)
- Relaxation analysis (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Relaxation times (1)
- Release (1)
- Remote sensing vibrometer (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Renewable resources (1)
- Repair (1)
- Repair and overhaul (1)
- Repair patch (1)
- Repair-welding (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Requirements (1)
- Research (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research Software (1)
- Research agenda (1)
- Research and innovation (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Residual Stresses (1)
- Residual strains (1)
- Residual stress in AM (1)
- Residual stress state (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance stress (1)
- Resistivity (1)
- Resolution (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resonance frequency (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Resource-based-view (1)
- Resting time (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Restraint (1)
- Reusable data (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (1)
- Reverse Time Migration (1)
- Reverse glass painting (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Review (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rheometry (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Rhodamine B (1)
- Rhodiumcomplexes (1)
- Rice (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Rigid foam (1)
- Rigid vehicle model (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Ripples (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- River (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Road inspection (1)
- Road pavement (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robot (1)
- Rock wool (1)
- Rock-art caves (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- Roll-to-Roll Processing (1)
- Rolling resistance (1)
- Room fire (1)
- Room-temperature (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Rosin (1)
- Rotor blade (1)
- Roughness analysis (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- Rregulations (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Rubber sealing (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- Ruthenium(II) complexes (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- S-N curve (1)
- S-Phase (1)
- S-phase (1)
- SA conjugates (1)
- SA508 (1)
- SAMs (1)
- SANS (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBA-15 (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SDC (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEIRA methodology (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEP 1927 (1)
- SERDS (1)
- SHT (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SLM printed plasma torch (1)
- SNR (1)
- SO2 (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPH (1)
- SR-microXRF (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STXM (1)
- SVOC (1)
- SWIR thermography (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safety characteristics determination (1)
- Safety distances (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salinization (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Samarium doped ceria (1)
- Sample holder (1)
- Sample loss (1)
- Sample piece size (1)
- Sample pretreatment (1)
- Sample random results (1)
- Samples (1)
- Sandwich (1)
- Saxitoxins (1)
- Scaffold geometry (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Scale conversion (1)
- Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (1)
- Scan strategy influence (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (1)
- Scanning electron microscope (1)
- Scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission x- ray microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scarf joint (1)
- Scarf repairs (1)
- Scavenging effect of iron (1)
- Schadstoffe (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Schnellladung (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Science (1)
- Sciences (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Scientific software (1)
- Scientific workflows (1)
- Scintillator (1)
- Scission (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Screening methods (1)
- Screening test (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Seal failure (1)
- Seal force (1)
- SealWasteSafe (1)
- Sealing structures (1)
- Seam geometry (1)
- Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (1)
- Seasonal performance factor (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary hazard (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Sectioning Method (1)
- Security (1)
- Security applications (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Segmentation (1)
- Segmentations (1)
- Segregation (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Seismic load (1)
- Seismic measurement (1)
- Seismic migration (1)
- Seismic signal reconstruction (1)
- Seismically damaged column (1)
- Seismics (1)
- Seismology (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Selective Electron Beam Melting (1)
- Selective laser beam melting (1)
- Selective oxidation (1)
- Selektive-laser-melting (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self assembly (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Self-assembled structures (1)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (1)
- Semantic Data Integration (1)
- Semantic Interoperability (1)
- Semantic Web Technologies (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Semi-metallic brake-pad material (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Semitransparent (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Sensitivity vectors (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Sensor network (1)
- Sensor planning (1)
- Sensor requirements (1)
- Sensor-based sorting (1)
- Sensors Placement (1)
- Sensors in concrete (1)
- Sensory particles (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separate sewer system (1)
- Separation (1)
- Sequence annotation (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequence revision (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequencing algorithm (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Series production (1)
- Serum (1)
- Servo drive (1)
- Sesistance (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Settling velocity (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape memory polymer composite (1)
- Shape memory properties (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shared infrastruture (1)
- Shark profile (1)
- Shear load (1)
- Shear modulus (1)
- Shear testing (1)
- Shear thinning (1)
- Shearing gratings (1)
- Sheep (1)
- Sheep animal model (1)
- Shell Buckling (1)
- Ship building (1)
- Shipbuilding steel (1)
- Short Crack Models (1)
- Short cracks (1)
- Short-beam strength (1)
- Shotcrete (1)
- Shrinkage Reducing Admixture (1)
- SiGe (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Signal Features (1)
- Signal features (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silica nanoparticles (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicate glass-ceramics (1)
- Silicate glasses (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Silicon nanowire (1)
- Silicon release (1)
- Silicon stable isotopes (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Silicone rubber (1)
- Silk (1)
- Silk Road (1)
- Sillver (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver metallization paste (1)
- Simulation workflow (1)
- Simultaneous temperature and humidity sensing (1)
- Sine sweep excitation (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single asperity (1)
- Single asperity contact (1)
- Single atom catalysts (1)
- Single cell microbiology (1)
- Single crystal (1)
- Single crystal Ni-Base superalloys (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single photon and quantum effects (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single-Crystal (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Single-crystals (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Single-pass welding (1)
- Single-shot XAFS (1)
- Single-sided NMR (1)
- Single-sinker densimeter (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Sinking velocity (1)
- Sinter retardation (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering additive (1)
- Sinus floor augmentation (1)
- Size effect (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Slag (1)
- Slice theoreme (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Sliding wear (1)
- Slip localization (1)
- Slippage of weakly linked layers (1)
- Slope stability (1)
- Slow crack growth (1)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (1)
- Small angle scattering (1)
- Small molecule detection (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Small-angle xray scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Small-scale specimens (1)
- Small-spot XPS (1)
- Smart geosynthetics (1)
- Smart label (1)
- Smart materials (1)
- Smart sensors (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smarter Sensor (1)
- Smartphone readout (1)
- Smoke (1)
- Smoke suppression (1)
- Smoke toxicity (1)
- Soaking time (1)
- Social (1)
- Social Immunity (1)
- Social acceptance (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Social life cycle assessment (SLCA) (1)
- Social sustainability (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Socio-ecological models (1)
- Socio-technical Transition (1)
- Soda lakes (1)
- Soda lime silicate glass (1)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (1)
- Sodium Ion Batteries (1)
- Sodium carbonate minerals (1)
- Sodium chloride (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Softening temperature (1)
- Software Infrastructure (1)
- Software Licensing (1)
- Software Training (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Soil organic matter (1)
- Soil properties (1)
- Soil water content (1)
- Soil-Structure-Interaction (1)
- Soil-building interaction (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-structure interaction (1)
- Sol-Gel-Synthese (1)
- Sol-gel process (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solar heating (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid acids (1)
- Solid electrolytes (1)
- Solid lubricant (1)
- Solid lubrication (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid state NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Solid state cooling (1)
- Solid state emission (1)
- Solid-liquid-extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-state NMR (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Solute excretion (1)
- Solution doping (1)
- Solvent replacement (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Sonden (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- SpICP-MS (1)
- Spatial heterodyne spectrometer (1)
- Special issue (1)
- Specific probe (1)
- Specimen geometry (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectral CT (1)
- Spectral elements (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spectrum simulation (1)
- Speed of sound (1)
- Spent nuclear fuel (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Spill evaporation (1)
- Spin (1)
- Spot-welded joints (1)
- Spray drying (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- SrTiO3 (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stability Design (1)
- Stable crack growth (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Stainless steels (1)
- Staircase method (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standard atomic weight (1)
- Standardization research (1)
- State-of-the-art (1)
- Static axle loads (1)
- Static load (1)
- Static load monitoring (1)
- Statistical particle distribution (1)
- Statistical pattern recognition (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Status report (1)
- Steam (1)
- Steel alloy (1)
- Steel and aluminium (1)
- Steel billets (1)
- Steel construction (1)
- Steel corrrosion (1)
- Steel drum (1)
- Steel fiber reinforced concrete (1)
- Steel fiber reiniforced concrete (1)
- Steel fibres (1)
- Steel structures (1)
- Steel weldment (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Steelmaking slag (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereophotogrammetry (1)
- Stern Geary constant (1)
- Stern-Geary-Konstante (1)
- Stickoxide (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stiffness variation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Stochastic modeling (1)
- Stochastic sample functions (1)
- Stoichiometric phases (1)
- Stone Age (1)
- Storage Mechanism (1)
- Stored energy (1)
- Stormwater retention tank (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strain and temperature measurements (1)
- Strain difference (1)
- Strain fields prediction (1)
- Strain gauge factor (1)
- Strain measurements (1)
- Strain measurements of wind turbine support structures (1)
- Strain-free lattice references (1)
- Strain-free lattice spacing (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Stranski–Krastanow growth (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), (1)
- Strategic alliances (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Stree-strain curve (1)
- Strengthening mechanisms (1)
- Stress Coupling (1)
- Stress Relief Cracking (SRC) (1)
- Stress balance (1)
- Stress balance condition (1)
- Stress conditions (1)
- Stress corrosion tests (1)
- Stress distribution (1)
- Stress reduction (1)
- Stress stiffening (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Stress-protective morphology (1)
- Stress-relief heat-treatments (1)
- Stress-strain behaviour (1)
- Stress-strain relation (1)
- Stressed (1)
- Stretchable electronics (1)
- Stringer (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural Materials (1)
- Structural build-up (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural integrity management (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural properties (1)
- Structural relaxation (1)
- Structural reliability (1)
- Structural science (1)
- Structural steel (1)
- Structural stress approach (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure analysis (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure prediction (1)
- Structured cantilever (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Structure–property relationship (1)
- Strukturüberwachung (1)
- Strätlingite (1)
- Sub pixel analysis (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Sub-aerial biofilms (1)
- Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) (1)
- Sub-oxide (1)
- Subaerial and subaquatic biofilm (1)
- Subcritical debonding (1)
- Subsidence monitoring (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Subspace-based residual (1)
- Substructure failures (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sulfate attack (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfates (1)
- Sulfide (1)
- Sulfide sensing (1)
- Sulfiding (1)
- Sulfo-NHS (1)
- Sulfur cathodes (1)
- Sulfur containing polymers (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Sun (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Super Resolution (1)
- Super martensitic filler material (1)
- Super martensitic stainless steel (1)
- Super somputing (1)
- Superalloy single crystals (1)
- Superalloys (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Supercritical CO2 (1)
- Superelasticity (1)
- Superior sorbent (1)
- Superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (1)
- Supermartensitic steel (1)
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Superplasticizer (1)
- Supersaturation (1)
- Supplementary Cementitious Materials (1)
- Supplementary cementitious material (1)
- Supplementary cementitious materials (1)
- Supplementary cementitous materials (1)
- Support vector machine (1)
- Supported catalyst (1)
- Suppressing vibrations (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Supra molecular polymerization (1)
- Supramolecular Chemistry (1)
- Supramolecules (1)
- Surface Analysis (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Integrity (1)
- Surface area (1)
- Surface charge (1)
- Surface chemical analysis (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface conditions (1)
- Surface cracks (1)
- Surface crystallization (1)
- Surface defects (1)
- Surface derivatization (1)
- Surface elasticity (1)
- Surface interactions (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface migration barriers (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface preparation (1)
- Surface processing (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface relaxivities (1)
- Surface relaxivity (1)
- Surface roughness analysis (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface stress (1)
- Surface structures (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface treatment (1)
- Surface treatments (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface wave velocity (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Suspension growth (1)
- Sustainability and the environment (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Sustainable Software Development (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Sustainable building materials (1)
- Sustainable cement (1)
- Sustainable concrete (1)
- Sustainable construction (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Swelling (1)
- Swept wavelength interferometry (SWI) (1)
- Swirl (1)
- Symbolic computation (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray CT (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) (1)
- Synchrotron computed tomography (1)
- Synchrotron measurements (1)
- Synchrotron micro-tomography (1)
- Synchrotron radiations (1)
- Synchrotron radiography (1)
- Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) (1)
- Synergism (1)
- Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (1)
- Synthetic aperture focusing technique (1)
- Synthetic metabolism (1)
- System method (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Systems biology (1)
- T1 precipitate (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TEKKEN (1)
- TFA (1)
- TG-FTIR (1)
- TGA (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- THz SAFT Optical layer reconstruction (1)
- TKD (1)
- TLR4 activation (1)
- TMR (1)
- TOF (1)
- TRIS (1)
- TRL (1)
- TTS (1)
- TTS principle (1)
- TW-COTDR (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Talbot-Lau (1)
- Tank leaching test (1)
- Tanks (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Tape casting (1)
- Tapes (1)
- Target (1)
- Targeting, Nanoparticles (1)
- Tau (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Tb3+ (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature Control (1)
- Temperature and strain monitoring (1)
- Temperature and strain sensing (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Temperature effect (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature measurement (1)
- Temperature sensitivity (1)
- Temperature-dependent neutron transmission (1)
- Temperature-memory effect (1)
- Temperature-memory polymer (1)
- Temperature-programmed desorption (1)
- Temple Scroll (1)
- Tendon duct (1)
- Tensile Strength (1)
- Tensile Test Ontology (1)
- Tensile loading (1)
- Tensile resistance spot welding experiment (1)
- Tension members (1)
- Terbium (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Ternary (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test midpoint (1)
- Test setup (1)
- Test solutions (1)
- Test specimen (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Testing (1)
- Testing laboratories (1)
- Testing methods (1)
- Testing procedure (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Tetrapyrollic (1)
- Textil (1)
- Textile (1)
- Textile reinforced concrete (1)
- Textile-reinforced concrete (1)
- Thawing (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal Analysis (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (1)
- Thermal Process Engineering (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal contrast (1)
- Thermal cycles (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal effusivity (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal radiation (1)
- Thermal runaways (1)
- Thermal stability (1)
- Thermal transient problem (1)
- Thermal transport (1)
- Thermal wave (1)
- Thermally treated sludge (1)
- Thermo physical simulation (1)
- Thermo-mechanical testing (1)
- Thermo-mechanics (1)
- Thermoacoustic emitter (1)
- Thermoacoustics (1)
- Thermoanalytics (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermobimetal (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thermochemistry (1)
- Thermochromic properties (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermodynamic simulation (1)
- Thermodynamik (1)
- Thermoelectric properties (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermographic inspection (1)
- Thermographic testing (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermography Computed (1)
- Thermomagnetic generator (1)
- Thermomechanical (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF); High Cycle Fatigue (HCF); Cast iron; Fatigue assessment (1)
- Thermomechanical properties (1)
- Thermoplastic (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- Thermoset polymers (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thick materials (1)
- Thick plate welding (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thick-plate welding (1)
- Thick-walled (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thickness measurement (1)
- Thickness resonance (1)
- Thin film characterization (1)
- Thin film sensor fabrication (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin magnetic films (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thin tribofilm (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Thixotropy (1)
- Tholins (1)
- Three-dimensional data quantification (1)
- Three-dimensional tomographies (1)
- Throwing-stick (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Tiatanium (1)
- Tiered (1)
- Timber (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Time resolution (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Time reversal (1)
- Time-lapse X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Time-of-flight measurements (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved (1)
- Time-resolved scattering (1)
- Time-resolved thermogram (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Tire wear (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Titania (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- Titanium nitride (1)
- Tobermorite (1)
- Toll-like receptor 4 (1)
- Tomographic reconstruction (1)
- Tomography of wood samples (1)
- Tonalide (1)
- Tool comparison (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Topas-MC (1)
- Topas-nBio (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Topography (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Total Quality Management (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Touch surfaces (1)
- Toughening mechanisms (1)
- Toughness (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Tracer-based sorting (1)
- Track and vehicle irregularities (1)
- Track damage quantification (1)
- Track filtering (1)
- Track vibration (1)
- Track-soil interaction (1)
- Train passage (1)
- Train tracking (1)
- Train-induced vibration (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Transition metal (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission (1)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transparency (1)
- Transparent ceramic (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Transport limitations (1)
- Transport number (1)
- Transportation energy (1)
- Transverse butt weld (1)
- Trapping (1)
- Treated wood (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trench (1)
- Trends in extreme events (1)
- Tribo-Analytik (1)
- Tribo-analytics (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Tribofilm (1)
- Trilobite compound eyes (1)
- Tripeptides (1)
- Triple UNet (1)
- Triply Periodical Minimal Surface (1)
- Triply periodic minimal surface structures (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Tumble dryer (1)
- Tumor radiation therapy (1)
- Tunable antenna (1)
- Tungsten carbide (WC) (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Tunnel Inspection (1)
- Tunnel-to-surface reduction (1)
- Turbulence model (1)
- Turbulent Wind Excitation (1)
- Turning maneuvers (1)
- Tutzing Symposion (1)
- Twisted-slit collimator (1)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-dimensional solidification (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon-polymerization (1)
- Two-run welding technique (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UCST-type copolymer (1)
- UHMWPE (1)
- UHPC (1)
- UHPFRC (1)
- UN Test O.2 (1)
- UN-GHS (1)
- UPLC-MS/MS (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UT (1)
- UV Vis (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV-blocker addition (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- UV-spectrometry (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (1)
- Ultra sound (1)
- Ultra-high performance concrete (1)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrafast microscopy (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Ultrashort pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrasonic Assisted Machining (1)
- Ultrasonic Echo Technique (1)
- Ultrasonic Guided Waves (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Ultrasonic echo (1)
- Ultrasonic echo technique (1)
- Ultrasonic imaging of internal reflectors (1)
- Ultrasonic immersion tank testing (1)
- Ultrasonic machining (1)
- Ultrasonic material determination (1)
- Ultrasonic probe (1)
- Ultrasonic reflection measurement (1)
- Ultrasonic test (1)
- Ultrasonic tests (1)
- Ultrasound Emission (1)
- Ultrasound concrete (1)
- Ultrasound gel (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Umweltschadstoffe (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Uncertainty Quantification (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Underground (1)
- University (1)
- Unsharpness (1)
- Unstressed (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Uptake studies (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Urban planning (1)
- Urbanisation (1)
- Ureolytic bacteria (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utility and decision theory (1)
- Utility poles (1)
- V-notch impact toughness (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VE-tongue (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VO (1)
- VOC Emissionen (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VPDB (1)
- VRFB (1)
- VVOC (1)
- VVOCs (1)
- Validate method (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Value of action analysis (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium oxide catalysts (1)
- Varestraint testing (1)
- Variable frequency drive (1)
- Variational Bayesian Inference (1)
- Variational Bayesian statistics (1)
- Variational inference (1)
- Variational multiscale method (1)
- Vario EL III (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Vehicle-track-soil interaction (1)
- Vehicle–track interaction (1)
- Velocities (1)
- Verbundwerkstoffe (1)
- Verdampfung (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Versalzung (1)
- Verteilte faseroptische Sensoren (1)
- Vertical earthquakes (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vibration sensing (1)
- Vibration signal analysis (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virial coefficients (1)
- Virtual CT (1)
- Virtual wave concept (1)
- Virtual waves (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Virus detection (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Viscous sintering (1)
- Visibility (1)
- Visual ontology development (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitrimer (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Vivianite (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Void nucleation & growth (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Voltage Loss (1)
- Volume changes (1)
- Volumetric uptake (1)
- Vor-Ort-Analytik (1)
- Vorticity noise (1)
- Voxel size (1)
- Vulcanization (1)
- WD-XRF (1)
- WRC 1992 diagram (1)
- WSN (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Wall paintings (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wasserstoff-Druckbehälter (1)
- Waste chracterization (1)
- Waste heat (1)
- Waste heat conversion (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste streams (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Waste-to-energy (1)
- Waste-water (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wastewater flame retardants (1)
- Water Diffusion (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water content (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water in glass (1)
- Water layer thickness (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water permeability (1)
- Water speciation (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stability (1)
- Water structure (1)
- Water transport (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Wavelet (1)
- Wavenumber integrals (1)
- Waxes (1)
- Wear particles (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Web mining (1)
- Weibull distribution (1)
- Weld defects (1)
- Weld fatigue (1)
- Weld imperfections (1)
- Weld metal cracking (1)
- Weld pool (1)
- Weld pool support (1)
- Weld residual stress (1)
- Weldability (1)
- Welded (1)
- Welded Joints (1)
- Welded joint (1)
- Welded joints (1)
- Welding Simulation (1)
- Welding costs (1)
- Welding process selection (1)
- Welding residual stress (1)
- Welding thermal cycle (1)
- Welds (1)
- Weldx (1)
- Wellenausbreitung (1)
- Werkstoffdatenbank (1)
- Wet soil (1)
- Wetting (1)
- Wheel-rail friction coefficient (1)
- Wheel-rail tangential forces (1)
- Wheelset accelerations (1)
- White light interferometry (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Whole-chain CCS scenario (1)
- Wide bandgap compound semiconductor (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Widerstandspunktschweißen (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Wildfire (1)
- Wind (1)
- Wind Energy (1)
- Wind Turbines (1)
- Wind turbine rotor blade (1)
- Wind turbine rotor blades (1)
- Wind turbine tower (1)
- Windenergie Anlage Rotorblätter (1)
- Windgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Wipe test (1)
- Wire break (1)
- Wire electron beam additive manufacturing (1)
- Wire feed laser beam welding (1)
- Wire-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood chips (1)
- Wood materials (1)
- Wood modification (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Work function (1)
- Work of adhesion (1)
- Workflow management (1)
- Working life (1)
- Writing inks (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-Ray (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray CT (1)
- X-ray Color Camera (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence analysis (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray and Neutron Diffraction (1)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (1)
- X-ray and neutron diffraction (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (1)
- X-ray dark-field radiography (1)
- X-ray detector (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- X-ray emission (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray energies (1)
- X-ray fluorescence analysis (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray laminography (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray micro-computed tomography (1)
- X-ray microdiffraction (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray microtomography (1)
- X-ray optics (1)
- X-ray reflectivity (1)
- X-ray refraction radiography (1)
- X-ray spectra (1)
- X-ray spectrum (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XAFS (1)
- XANES X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (1)
- XANES/EXAFS (1)
- XCT Data Conditioning (1)
- XPCS (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xray (1)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (1)
- YES assay (1)
- Yellowness index (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young's modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Young’s Modulus (1)
- Ytterbium (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- ZCF (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zement (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zeonex (1)
- Zero wear (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißnähten (1)
- ZfP (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zinc ferrite (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zink phytate (1)
- Zirconia-toughened alumina (1)
- Zirconia: yttria stabilized (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- Znc (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- aRTist (1)
- abasic side (1)
- absolute measurements (1)
- absorption (1)
- aerosol deposition method (ADM) (1)
- aluminum (1)
- amorphous carbon film (1)
- amorphous silica film (1)
- atomic weight (1)
- base loss (1)
- bended arrow of time (1)
- bio-diagnostic (1)
- biodegradable material (1)
- biomedical applications (1)
- caffeine (1)
- calcium cobaltite (1)
- calibration (1)
- carbon black (1)
- coda wave interferometry (1)
- cold neutrons (1)
- composite (1)
- compost (1)
- confocal (1)
- contact resonance (1)
- corrosion (1)
- cross-reactivity (1)
- crystal structures (1)
- distributed sensor (1)
- dry friction (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- dual-energy (1)
- dye (1)
- electrochemical dealloying (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- embedded (1)
- enzyme reactions (1)
- estrogenic activity (1)
- failure prevention (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- fiber optic sensor (1)
- flexible plastics (1)
- glass fibre paper (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- graphene (1)
- grating (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- hydrate (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- i.S.Sy.Da.T.A. (1)
- iChip (1)
- immunoassay (1)
- in situ template (NaCl) (1)
- infrared Thermography (1)
- injection moulded (1)
- inspection (1)
- iron embrittlement (1)
- irreproducibility (1)
- isotope reference material (1)
- lN2 (1)
- laminography (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- layered soil (1)
- ligand binding assay (1)
- mXRF Micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- macroporous carbon (1)
- maghemite (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- magnetic saturation (1)
- materials informatics (1)
- mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- mechanochemistry (1)
- melamine (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- mortar method (1)
- multilayer graphene (1)
- nPSize (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- neutron imaging (1)
- neutron instrumentation (1)
- non-specific binding (1)
- nutritional supplements (1)
- openBIS (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidation state (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH Indicator (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pHe (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- pXRF (1)
- paper retraction (1)
- peer reviewimmunochemistry (1)
- phosphorous flame retardant (1)
- photoluminescence (1)
- polyionic liquids (1)
- pore structure (1)
- poultry odorous air monitoring (1)
- progressive hepatolenticular degeneration (1)
- protein binding (1)
- proton conductors (1)
- pyrazinamide (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- railway embankment (1)
- refraction (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility crisis (1)
- research landscape (1)
- residual stress (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (1)
- rubber (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- selectivity (1)
- self-replication (1)
- sensing (1)
- serine-protease inhibitor (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- single molecule spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule analysis (1)
- sliding simulation (1)
- smart geotextile (1)
- soil (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- spectral elements (1)
- spray (1)
- ssNMR spectroscopy (1)
- structural information (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- surface and in-depth inspection (1)
- surface enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- synchrotron CT (1)
- synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- synthesize heteroatom (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- temperature (1)
- thermal decomposition (1)
- thermal treatment (1)
- thermoelectric oxide (1)
- thermoelectrics (1)
- thermophysical properties (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- time-temperature equivalent formulation (1)
- time-temperature superposition principle (1)
- titania nanoparticles (1)
- topography (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) (1)
- µ-gravity (1)
- µCT (1)
- µCT-analysis (1)
- α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucans (1)
- β-Lactam (1)
- γ-H2AX assay (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
- μCT-analysis (1)
- ‘Green’ pesticide (1)
- “leaky” mutant (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (442)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (377)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (348)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (219)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (215)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (213)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (188)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (168)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (127)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (100)
Paper des Monats
- ja (71)
Polychromatic and wavelength-selective neutron transmission radiography were applied during bead-on-plate welding on 5 mm thick sheets on the face side of martensitic low transformation temperature (LTT) steel plates using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The in situ visualization of austenitization upon welding and subsequent α’-martensite formation during cooling could be achieved with a temporal resolution of 2 s for monochromatic imaging using a single neutron wavelength and of 0.5 s for polychromatic imaging using the full spectrum of the beam (white beam). The spatial resolution achieved in the experiments was approximately 200 µm. The transmitted monochromatic neutron beam intensity at a wavelength of λ = 0.395 nm was significantly reduced during cooling below the martensitic start temperature Ms since the emerging martensitic phase has a ~10% higher attenuation coefficient than the austenitic phase. Neutron imaging was significantly influenced by coherent neutron scattering caused by the thermal motion of the crystal lattice (Debye–Waller factor), resulting in a reduction in the neutron transmission by approx. 15% for monochromatic and by approx. 4% for polychromatic imaging.
The reaction of iron chlorides with an alkaline reagent is one of the most prominent methods for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. We studied the particle formation mechanism using triethanolamine as reactant and stabilizing agent. In situ fast-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provide information on the oxidation state and the structural information at the same time. In situ data were complemented by ex situ transmission electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and Raman analysis of the formed nanoparticles. The formation of maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) from ferric and ferrous chloride was investigated. Prior to the formation of these nanoparticles, the formation and conversion of intermediate phases (akaganeite, iron(II, III) hydroxides) was observed which undergoes a morphological and structural collapse. The thus formed small magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) grow further and convert to maghemite with increasing reaction time.
Time-Efficient Convolutional Neural Network-Assisted Brillouin Optical Frequency Domain Analysis
(2021)
To our knowledge, this is the first report on a machine-learning-assisted Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA) for time-efficient temperature measurements. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based signal post-processing method that, compared to the conventional Lorentzian curve fitting approach, facilitates temperature extraction. Due to its robustness against noise, it can enhance the performance of the system. The CNN-assisted BOFDA is expected to shorten the measurement time by more than nine times and open the way for applications, where faster monitoring is essential.
Time-dependent in situ measurement of atmospheric corrosion rates of duplex stainless steel wires
(2018)
Corrosion rates of strained grade UNS S32202 (2202) and UNS S32205 (2205) duplex stainless steel wires have been measured, in situ, using time-lapse X-ray computed tomography. Exposures to chloride-containing (MgCl2) atmospheric environments at 50 °C (12–15 M Cl− and pH ~5) with different mechanical elastic and elastic/plastic loads were carried out over a period of 21 months. The corrosion rates for grade 2202 increased over time, showing selective dissolution with shallow corrosion sites, coalescing along the surface of the wire. Corrosion rates of grade 2205 decreased over time, showing both selective and pitting corrosion with more localised attack, growing preferentially in depth. The nucleation of stress corrosion cracking was observed in both wires.
A new concept that comprises both time- and lateral-resolved X-ray absorption fine-structure information simultaneously in a single shot is presented. This uncomplicated set-up was tested at the BAMline at BESSY-II (Berlin, Germany). The primary broadband beam was generated by a double multilayer monochromator. The transmitted beam through the sample is diffracted by a convexly bent Si (111) crystal, producing a divergent beam. This, in turn, is collected by either an energy-sensitive area detector, the so-called color X-ray camera, or by an area-sensitive detector based on a CCD camera, in θ-2θ geometry. The first tests were performed with thin metal foils and some iron oxide mixtures. A time resolution of lower than 1 s together with a spatial resolution in one dimension of at least 50 µm is achieved.
Electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 0.1 and 10 THz are described as THz-radiation (T-ray). The ability to penetrate dielectric materials makes T-rays attractive to reveal discontinuities in polymer and ceramic materials. THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy Systems (THz-TDS) are available on the market today which operates with THz-pulses transmitted and received by optically pumped semiconductor antennas. In THz-TDS the travelling time (ToF) and shape of the pulse is changed if it interacts with the dielectric material and its inherent discontinuities.
A tomogram of the object under the test can be reconstructed from time of flight diffraction (ToFD) scans if a synthetic focusing aperture (SAFT) algorithm is applied. Otherwise, planar discontinuities like cracks in plastics or delaminated layers in composites can be abstracted as layers located at any angle in relation to the outer sample surface direction. A tomogram from the scanned sample can then be reconstructed in case the interactions of electromagnetic pulses with the existing inherent interfaces are detectable and a model is assumed which describes the device under the test as multilayer structure composed of thin layers with different dielectric properties.
A short description of both the SAFT – and Optical Layer algorithm for the reconstruction of the inherent structure is initially given. Measurements on representative samples with a variety of artificially produced small and large scale. Reconstructed tomograms are presented to discuss and evaluate the benefits and limits of the two different reconstruction approaches.
The thermal expansion of polymeric parts can be an issue in many applications where the available space is limited, or exact dimensions of the part are required. For this study, a device was designed and built that allowed measuring the thermal expansion simultaneously in all three spatial directions on cubic samples with real-scale dimensions (78 mm edge length). The results are shown between 25 °C and 125 °C for two PE materials, one HMWPE and one tempered UHMWPE, for non-irradiated samples as well as cubes that have been irradiated with 100 and 400 kGy. The results measured with the new device were very similar to those measured with conventional thermo-mechanical analysis equipment and to literature data of UHMWPE. The HMWPE material shows a much larger thermal expansion coefficient in one direction compared to the other two directions during the first heating due to frozen stresses from the pressing step during material manufacturing. These stresses are mostly released by the expansion during the first heating, so that the expansion during the second heating is more uniform. The overall volumetric expansion is the same for both heating runs. By contrast, the tempered UHMWPE material shows no significant difference between first and second heating run, as the stresses from processing could already relax in the tempering step. The irradiation treatment does not affect the values significantly for the given test set-up.
This paper gives a brief overview on3D imaging of magnetic domains with shearing grating neutron tomography. We investigated the three-dimensional distribution of magnetic domain walls in the bulk of a wedge-shaped FeSi single crystal. The width of the magnetic domains wasanalyzed at different locations within the crystal. Magnetic domains close to the tip of the wedge are much smaller than in the bulk. Furthermore, the three-dimensional shape of individual domains wasinvestigated. We discuss prospects and limitations of the applied measurement technique.
Two biopolyol-based foams derived from banana leaves (BL) or stems (BS) were produced, and their compression mechanical behavior and 3D microstructure were characterized. Traditional compression and in situ tests were performed during 3D image acquisition using X-ray microtomography. A methodology of image acquisition, processing, and analysis was developed to discriminate the foam cells and measure their numbers, volumes, and shapes along with the compression steps.
The two foams had similar compression behaviors, but the average cell volume was five times larger for the BS foam than the BL foam. It was also shown that the number of cells increased with increasing compression while the average cell volume decreased. Cell shapes were elongated and did not change with compression. A possible explanation for these characteristics was proposed based on the possibility of cell collapse. The developed methodology will facilitate a broader study of biopolyol-based foams intending to verify the possibility of using these foams as green alternatives to the typical petrol-based foams.
High resolution examination of safety-relevant parts in immersion tank testing with focussing probes is forming a main topic of modern non-destructive testing. For the usage of complex reconstruction methods and algorithms, an individual and detailed knowledge about the transmission behaviour of the used probes is essential, as this has a significant influence on the results of data reconstruction.
Especially the knowledge about position and diameter of the focal point is needed to achieve the highest possible sensitivity. Through the individual position of the beam axis within the examined volume, a four dimensional metro logical determination of the acoustical pressure (x, y, z, t) is necessary. With the measured data it is possible to draw interferences about the sound field and acoustical pressure distribution. The presented work realized a method of automatic determination of the beam axis, the position of focal point and the focal diameter to support individual testing setups and transducer characterization.
Bifunctional fluorescent molecular oxoanion probes based on the benzoxadiazole (BD) chromophore are described which integrate a thiourea binding motif and a polymerizable 2-aminoethyl methacrylate unit in the 4,7-positions of the BD core. Concerted charge transfer in this electron donor-acceptor-donor architecture endows the dyes with strongly Stokes shifted (up to >250 nm) absorption and fluorescence. Binding of electron-rich carboxylate guests at the thiourea receptor leads to further analyte-induced red-shifts of the emission, shifting the fluorescence maximum of the complexes to ≥700 nm. Association constants for acetate are ranging from 1–5×105 M−1 in acetonitrile. Integration of one of the fluorescent probes through its polymerizable moiety into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) grafted from the surface of submicron silica cores yielded fluorescent MIP-coated particle probes for the selective detection of antibiotics containing aliphatic carboxylate groups such as enoxacin (ENOX) at micromolar concentrations in highly polar solvents like acetonitrile.
We report a new sequence selective terpolymerisation in which three monomers (butylene oxide (BO) A, PhNCS B and phtalic thioanhydride (PTA) C) are selectively enchained into an (ABA′C)n sequence. PTA/PhNCS/BO ring-opening terpolymerisation ROTERP can be coupled with CS2 ROTERP to generate tetrapolymers and with εDL ROP in switchable catalysis for blockpolymer synthesis.
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ni-based superalloys shows great potential for high temperature applications, for example, as a burner repair application for gas turbines where the thin-walled structure is important. It motivates this work to investigate the evolution of microstructure and the anisotropic mechanical behavior when plate-like specimens are built with a thickness from 4 mm down to 1 mm. By performing texture analysis using neutron diffraction, a clear transition in fiber texture from <011> to <001> is indicated when the specimen becomes thinner. The residual stress shows no thickness dependence, and at the subsurface the residual stress reaches the same level as the yield strength. Due to the rough as-built surface, a roughness compensation method for mechanical properties of thin-walled structures is outlined and demonstrated. Tensile tests from room temperature up to 700 ◦C have been carried out. Anisotropic mechanical behavior is found at all temperatures, which is strongly related to the anisotropic texture evolution. Stronger texture evolution and grain rotations are discovered when the tensile loading is applied along the building direction. The mechanical behavior has been compared to a wrought material, where the high dislocation density and the subgrain structure of the LPBF material result in a higher yield strength. Combining the statistical texture analysis by neutron diffraction with mechanical testing, EBSD grain orientation mapping and the investigation of dislocation structures using transmission electron microscopy, this work illustrates the significance of texture for the thin-wall effect and anisotropic mechanical behavior of LPBF materials.
Martensitic 9% Cr steels like P91 and P92 show susceptibility to delayed hydrogen assisted cracking depending on their microstructure. In that connection, effective hydrogen diffusion coefficients are used to assess the possible time-delay. Limited data on room temperature diffusion coefficients reported in literature vary widely by several orders of magnitude (mostly attributed to variation in microstructure). Especially P91 weld metal diffusion coefficients are rare so far. For that reason, electrochemical permeation experiments had been conducted using P92 base metal and P91 weld metal (in as-welded and heat-treated condition) with different thicknesses. From the results obtained, diffusion coefficients were calculated using to different methods, time-lag, and inflection point. Results show that, despite microstructural effects, the sample thickness must be considered as it influences the calculated diffusion coefficients. Finally, the comparison of calculated and measured hydrogen concentrations (determined by carrier gas hot extraction) enables the identification of realistic diffusion coefficients.
The age hardening response of a high-purity Al–4Cu–1Li–0.25Mn alloy (wt. %) during isothermal aging without and with an applied external load was investigated. Plate shaped nanometer size T1 (Al2CuLi) and θ′ (Al2Cu) hardening phases were formed. The precipitates were analyzed with respect to the development of their structure, size, number density, volume fraction and associated transformation strains by conducting transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies in combination with geometrical Phase analysis (GPA). Special attention was paid to the thickening of T1 phase. Two elementary types of single-layer T1 precipitate, one with a Li-rich (Type 1) and another with an Al-rich (Defect Type 1) central layer, were identified. The results show that the Defect Type 1 structure can act as a precursor for the Type 1 structure. The thickening of T1 precipitates occurs by alternative stacking of These two elementary structures. The thickening mechanism was analyzed based on the magnitude of strain associated with the precipitation transformation normal to its habit plane. Long-term aging and aging under load resulted in thicker and structurally defected T1 precipitates. Several types of defected precipitates were characterized and discussed. For θ′ precipitates, a ledge mechanism of
thickening was observed. Compared to the normal aging, an external load applied to the peak aged state leads to small variations in the average sizes and volume fractions of the precipitates.
The permanently increasing number of wind turbines requires suited inspection and monitoring methods to ensure liability and security. Concerning the inspection of ro-tor blades, only manual inspections are state of the art. Thermographic Testing (TT) has the potential to detect typical failures and damages on rotor blades. The paper presents some results of onsite measurements carried out as “passive thermogra-phy”, i.e. without a defined heating procedure. Due the totally contactless meas-urement principle, TT can be applied to rotating blades as well as to resting blades. Both methods will be compared with respect to their possible realization.
Thermographic photothermal super resolution reconstruction enables the resolution of internal defects/inhomogeneities below the classical limit, which is governed by the diffusion properties of thermal wave propagation. Based on a combination of the application of special sampling strategies and a subsequent numerical optimization step in post-processing, thermographic super resolution has already proven to be superior to standard thermographic methods in the detection of one-dimensional defect/inhomogeneity structures. In our work, we report an extension of the capabilities of the method for efficient detection and resolution of defect cross sections with fully two-dimensional structured laser-based heating. The reconstruction is carried out using one of two different algorithms that are proposed within this work. Both algorithms utilize the combination of several coherent measurements using convex optimization and exploit the sparse nature of defects/inhomogeneities as is typical for most nondestructive testing scenarios. Finally, the performance of each algorithm is rated on reconstruction quality and algorithmic complexity. The presented experimental approach is based on repeated spatially structured heating by a high power laser. As a result, a two-dimensional sparse defect/inhomogeneity map can be obtained. In addition, the obtained results are compared with those of conventional thermographic inspection methods that make use of homogeneous illumination. Due to the sparse nature of the reconstructed defect/inhomogeneity map, this comparison is performed qualitatively.
The detection and characterization of surface cracks in steel specimens prior to damage is a technologically and economically highly significant task and is of utmost importance when it comes to safety-relevant structures. In steel production where steel billets at high temperatures have to be inspected while moving a number of well-established NDT methods cannot be applied. Laser thermography however is a promising candidate to serve as a fast, non-contact and remote tool in this case. We present a study that shows that the crack detection capabilities of laser thermography can be extended also to specimens at high temperature. A combination of inductive and laser heating allows to systematically study the contrast formation as well as the optimization of the important measurement parameters. The experiments are accompanied by FEM simulations that provide a better insight of the physical correlations and support the experimental developments. The aim of these studies is to develop a system with high inspection speed and detection performance to be in-line operated under the hostile environment of steel production lines.
Calcium alkali phosphates Ca(Na,K)PO4 are main constituents of bioceramics and thermochemically produced phosphorus fertilizers because of their bioavailability. Sparse thermodynamic data are available for the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4. In this work, the missing data were determined for the low-temperature phase modifications of the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4 and three intermediate Ca(Na,K)PO4 compositions. Standard enthalpy of formation ranges from - 2018.3 ± 2.2 kJ mol-1 to - 2030.5 ± 2.1 kJ mol-1 and standard entropy from 137.2 ± 1.0 J mol-1 K-1 to 148.6 ± 1.0 J mol-1 K-1 from sodium endmember b-CaNaPO4 to potassium endmember b0-CaKPO4.
Thermodynamic functions are calculated up to 1400 K for endmembers and the sodium-rich intermediate phase b-Ca(Na0.93K0.07)PO4. Functions above 640 K are extrapolated because of the phase transition from low- to high-temperature phase. Impurities in the synthesized intermediate phases c-Ca(Na0.4K0.6)PO4 and c-Ca Na0.35K0.65)PO4 and one additional phase transition around 500 K impeded the determination of high-temperature thermodynamic functions. In general, data for phase transition temperatures agree with the previously reported phase diagrams.
For a significant increase in the strength of high-strength fine-grained structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥690 MPa, the addition of microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti is required. The standard specifications for the chemical composition of these steels (e.g., in EN 10025-6) often only give the manufacturer limit contents to achieve the defined properties. The effect of the alloying elements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is sometimes completely contrary.
This makes it difficult to adequately predict the batch dependency regarding weldability and the load-bearing behaviour of the welded joint. Three different micro-alloyed steels of the grade S690QL were produced on a laboratory scale, focusing on different Nb and Ti contents. To investigate the tempering effect, these were gas metal arc welded in three layers. In addition to metallographic investigations of individual HAZ areas, thermodynamic phase calculations were carried out using Thermo-Calc, following variations in the chemical composition. This provides an understanding of phase transformation, precipitation growth, and dissolution during welding as a function of temperature and cooling conditions. The results show
a divergent metallurgical behaviour in the HAZ of the three different micro-alloyed steels. Thereby, the Ti micro-alloyed grade showed a strong softening of the HAZ in contrast to the Nb micro-alloyed grade. This can be attributed to a contrary precipitation behaviour during welding.
For the gradual introduction of hydrogen in the energy market, the study of the properties of mixtures of hydrogen with typical components of natural gas (NG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is of great importance. This work aims to provide accurate experimental (p, rho, T) data for three hydrogen-propane mixtures with nominal compositions (amount of substance, mol/mol) of (0.95 H2 + 0.05 C3H8), (0.90 H2 + 0.10 C3H8), and (0.83 H2 + 0.17 C3H8), at temperatures of 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, and 375 K, and pressures up to 20 MPa. A single-sinker densimeter was used to determine the density of the mixtures. Experimental density data were compared to the densities calculated from two reference equations of state: the GERG-2008 and the AGA8-DC92. Relative deviations from the GERG-2008 EoS are systematically larger than those from the AGA8-DC92. They are within the ±0.5% band for the mixture with 5% of propane, but deviations are higher than 0.5% for the mixtures with 10% and 17% of propane, especially at low temperatures and high pressures. Finally, the sets of new experimental data have been processed by the application of two different statistical equations of state: the virial equation of state, through the second and third virial coefficients, B(T, x) and C(T, x), and the PC-SAFT equation of state.
The injection of hydrogen into the natural-gas grid is an alternative during the process of a gradual decarbonization of the heat and power supply. When dealing with hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures, the performance of the reference equations of state habitually used for natural gas should be validated by using high-precision experimental thermophysical data from multicomponent reference mixtures prepared with the lowest possible uncertainty in composition. In this work, we present experimental density data for an 11-compound high-calorific (hydrogen-free) natural gas mixture and for two derived hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures prepared by adding (10 and 20) mol-% of hydrogen to the original standard natural gas mixture. The three mixtures were prepared gravimetrically according to ISO 6142–1 for maximum precision in their composition and thus qualify for reference materials. A single-sinker densimeter was used to determine the density of the mixtures from (250–350) K and up to 20 MPa. The experimental density results of this work have been compared to the densities calculated by three different reference equations of state for natural gas related mixtures: the AGA8-DC92 EoS, the GERG-2008 EoS, and an improved version of the GERG-2008 EoS. While relative deviations of the experimental density data for the hydrogen-free natural gas mixture are always within the claimed uncertainty of the three considered equations of state, larger deviations can be observed for the hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures from any of the three equations of state, especially for the lowest temperature and the highest pressures.
Phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) is one of the most promising approaches of phosphate rock substitution in mineral fertilizers and might be a sustainable way to secure supply of this raw material in the future. In the current investigation, the process of thermochemical treatment of SSA was applied to SSA coming from selected mono-incineration plants of municipal sewage sludge in Poland (Cracow, Gdansk, Gdynia, Lodz, Kielce and Szczecin).
The Polish SSA was thermochemically converted in the presence of sodium (Na) additives and a reducing agent (dried sewage sludge) to obtain secondary raw materials for the production of marketable P fertilizers. The process had a positive impact on the bioavailability of phosphorus and reduced the content of heavy metals in the obtained products. The P solubility in neutral Ammonium citrate, an indicator of its bioavailability, was significantly raised from 19.7–45.7% in the raw ashes and 76.5–100% in the thermochemically treated SSA. The content of nutrients in the recyclates was in the range of 15.7–19.2% P2O5, 10.8–14.2% CaO, 3.5–5.4% Na2O, 2.6–3.6% MgO and 0.9–1.3% K2O. The produced fertilizer raw materials meet the Polish norms for trace elements covered by the legislation: the content of lead was in the range 10.2–73.1 mg/kg, arsenic 4.8–22.7 mg/kg, Cadmium 0.9–2.8 mg/kg and mercury <0.05 mg/kg. Thus, these products could be potentially directly used for fertilizer production. This work also includes an analysis of the possibilities of using ashes for fertilizer purposes in Poland, based on the assumptions indicated in the adopted strategic and planning documents regarding waste management and fertilizer production.
Rigid rod-type metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes with Fe(II) centres (Fe-MEPEs) are produced via the self-assembly of the ditopic ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)benzene (tpy-ph-tpy) and Fe(II) acetate. Fe-MEPEs exhibit remarkable electrochromic properties; they change colour from blue to transparent when an electric potential is applied. This electrochemical process is generally reversible. The blue colour in the ground state is a result of a metal-to-ligand charge transfer at the Fe(II) centre ion in a quasi-octahedral geometry. When annealed at temperatures above 100 °C, the blue colour turns into green and the formerly reversible electrochromic properties are lost, even after cooling down to room temperature. The thermally induced changes in the Fe(II) coordination sphere are investigated in situ during annealing of a solid Fe-MEPE using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The study reveals that the thermally induced transition is not accompanied by a redox process at the Fe(II) centre. From the detailed analysis of the XAFS spectra, the changes are attributed to structural changes in the coordination sphere of the Fe(II) site. In the low temperature state, the Fe(II) ion rests in a quasi-octahedral coordination environment surrounded by six nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings. The axial Fe–N bond length is 1.94 Å, while the equatorial bond length amounts to 1.98 Å. In the high temperature state, the FeN6-site exhibits a distortion with the axial Fe–N bonds being shortened to 1.88 Å and the equatorial Fe–N bonds being elongated to 2.01 Å.
Thermally stable carbon nitride nanostructures have potential applications in surface coatings and automotive fields. In this work, hydrogenated nitrogen-rich carbon nitride nanoparticles have been synthesised via low-pressure low-power plasma vapour deposition technique from methane/Nitrogen gas mixture in a dry process. Thermal stability of the initially prepared hydrogenated carbon Nitride structures has been analysed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS, insitu), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and nuclear reaction Analysis (NRA). Thermal studies reveal the excellent stability of the material and nitrogen-rich characteristics (N/C ratio 0.5e0.2 ± 0.01). The obtained results suggest transformation of sp3-rich as-deposited carbon Nitride into sp2-carbon phase with more graphitic features upon thermal annealing. Such in-situ thermal studies of plasma deposited carbon nitrides confirm the conversion of sp3-rich phase to sp2-rich carbon phase at the critical temperature (about 450 K), without a huge loss in nitrogen content. The analysis revealed that the material is a stable plasma deposit after this critical temperature up to >1100 K. Additionally, super hydrophilic carbon nitride nanostructure transforms into a hydrophobic surface after thermal annealing.
These thermally stable hydrophobic carbon nitride nanoparticles could be used as a promising material for the hydrophobic coatings for various applications, especially for harsh conditions.
Additively manufactured components are characterized by heterogeneous mechanical properties due to variations of the microstructure, flaws and residual stresses resulting from the inhomogeneous fabrication process. The large number of influencing factors poses a further challenge in understanding the correlation between material properties, process parameters and component geometry. Therefore, the qualification of components based on witness specimens produced within the same job is questionable. This work aims to present a new strategy for the characterization of PBF-LB/M components based on representative specimens. The key assumption is the feasibility of a transfer of the thermal history from a component to a specimen. It is assumed that similar material properties are determined for components and specimens produced adopting a similar thermal history. After the definition of a region of interest in the component, a combination of thermal analyses by means of finite elements and in-situ experimental determination of the thermal history through infrared thermography is used to produce test coupons with a similar thermal history. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated on a pressure vessel for applications in the chemical industry.
Melting is well understood in terms of the Lindemann criterion, which
essentially states that crystalline materials melt when the thermal vibrationsof their atoms become so vigorous that they shake themselves free of the binding forces. This picture does not necessarily have to hold for glasses, where the nature of the solid–liquid cross-over is highly debated. The Lindemann criterion implies that the thermal expansion coefficients of crystals are inversely proportional to their melting temperatures. Here we find that, in contrast, the thermal expansion coefficient of glasses decreases more strongly with increasing glass temperature, which marks the liquid–solid cross-over in this material class. However, this proportionality returns when the thermal expansion coefficient is scaled by the fragility, a measure of particle cooperativity. Therefore, for a glass to become liquid, it is not sufficient to simply overcome the interparticle binding energies.
Instead, more energy must be invested to break up the typical cooperative particle network that is common to glassy materials. The thermal expansion coefficient of the liquid phase reveals similar anomalous behaviour and is universally enhanced by a constant factor of approximately 3. These universalities allow the estimation of glass temperatures from thermal expansion and vice versa.
Several studies show that thermal and hydrothermal treatment can further improve the excellent properties of UHPC in terms of mechanical strength and durability. While for the thermal treatment the increase in strength is attributed to an intensified pozzolanic and hydraulic reaction, for the hydrothermal treatment previous studies accredited it mostly to the formation of tobermorite. In the presented study thermal and hydrothermal treatment of UHPC samples was systematically varied and the phase formation analysed related to the strength development of a reference sample cured for 28 days in water. For the thermal treatment the results show that the strength increase depends on the protection against desiccation and can be ascribed to an improved pozzolanic reaction of the siliceous fillers. To achieve a significant enhancement of strength, a pre-storage time of few days and a long dwell time at elevated temperature/pressure are required. For the hydrothermal treatment already heating the specimens up to 185 °C in saturated steam followed by an immediate cooling leads to a substantial increase in compressive strength. Pre-storage time did not affect the result as far as a minimum of several hours is guaranteed. The improved performance is due to an increase in the pozzolanic and hydraulic reaction. Surprisingly, tobermorite was only found within a very thin layer at the surface of the sample, but not in the bulk. Sulphate and aluminium stemming from the decomposition of the ettringite are bound in the newly formed phases hydroxylellestadite and hydrogarnet.
The study of van der Waals interactions plays a central role in the understanding of bonding across a range of biological, chemical and physical phenomena. The presence of van der Waals interactions can be identified through analysis of the reduced density gradient, a fundamental parameter at the core of Density Functional Theory. An extension of Bader’s Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules is developed here through combination with the analysis of the reduced density gradient. Through this development, a new quantum chemical topological tool is presented: the volumetric source function.
This technique allows insight into the atomic composition of van der Waals interactions, offering the first route towards applying the highly successful source function to these disperse interactions. A new algorithm has been implemented in the open-source code, CRITIC2, and tested on acetone, adipic and maleic acids molecular crystals, each stabilized by van der Waals interactions. This novel technique for studying van der Waals interactions at an atomic level offers unprecedented opportunities in the fundamental study of intermolecular interactions and molecular design for crystal engineering, drug design and bio-macromolecular processes.
Bees are considered to be threatened globally, with severe overwinter losses of the most important commercial pollinator, the Western honeybee, a major concern in the Northern Hemisphere. Emerging infectious diseases have risen to prominence due to their temporal correlation with colony losses. Among these is Deformed wing virus (DWV), which has been frequently linked to colony mortality. We now provide evidence of a strong statistical association between overwintering colony decline in the field and the presence of DWV genotype-B (DWV-B), a genetic variant of DWV that has recently been shown to be more virulent than the original DWV genotype-A. We link the prevalence of DWV-B directly to a quantitative measure of overwinter decline (workforce mortality) of honeybee colonies in the field. We demonstrate that increased prevalence of virus infection in individual bees is associated with higher overwinter mortality. We also observed a substantial reduction of infected colonies in the spring, suggesting that virus-infected individuals had died during the winter. Our findings demonstrate that DWV-B, plus possible A/B recombinants exhibiting DWV-B at PCR primer binding sites, may be a major cause of elevated overwinter honeybee loss. Its potential emergence in naïve populations of bees may have far-reaching ecological and economic impacts.
In order to investigate molecular recognition on surfaces, an azide-functionalized monolayer was deposited on gold. The monolayer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experiments and the decomposition of the azide upon irradiation with X-ray beams was investigated. Subsequently, various alkyne-functionalized host and guest molecules were attached to the azide by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. These modified surfaces and their host–guest chemistry were analysed by XPS and angle-resolved NEXAFS. The reversibility of guest binding was shown for one example as a proof of principle.
The theory of a new calibration approach for obtaining absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements without the use of any standard has been developed. The calibration approach basically uses the difference in the instrumental isotope fractionation of two different types of mass spectrometers, leading to two different fractionation lines in a three-isotope diagram. When measuring the same sample with both mass spectrometers, the different fractionation lines have one point in common: this is the ‘true’ logarithmized isotope ratio pair of the sample. Thus, the intersection of both fractionation lines provides us with the absolute isotope ratios of the sample. This theory has been tested in practice by measuring Cd and of Pb isotope ratios in the certified reference materials BAM-I012 and NIST SRM981 by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry while varying the ionization conditions for both mass spectrometers. With this experiment, the theory could be verified, and absolute isotope ratios were obtained, which were metrologically compatible with the certified isotope ratios. The so-obtained absolute isotope ratios are biased by − 0.5% in average, which should be improved with further developments of the method. This calibration approach is universal, as it can be applied to all elements with three or more isotopes and it is not limited to the type of mass spectrometers applied; it can be applied as well to secondary ion mass spectrometry or others. Additionally, this approach provides information on the fractionation process itself via the triple-isotope fractionation exponent θ.
The tribological and mechanical properties of niobium carbides (NbC) bonded with cobalt of Fe3Al
(2014)
The tribological and mechanical properties of niobium carbide bonded with 8 vol.-% (NbC-8Co), 12 vol.-% of cobalt (NbC-12Co) or 12 vol.-% of Fe3Al (NbC-12Fe3Al) are presented. Rotating discs made of metal-bonded niobium carbide were mated against alumina (99.7%) under unlubricated (dry) unidirectional sliding tests (0.1 m/s to 12.0 m/s; 22 °C and 400 C) as well as in oscillation tests (f=20 Hz, Δx=0.2 mm, 2/50/98% rel. humidity, n=105/106 cycles). Microstructure and phase compositions were determined as well. The tribological data obtained were benchmarked with different ceramics, cermets, hard metals and thermally sprayed coatings, where NbC bonded with 8% and 12% Co presented above 7 m/s the lowest wear rates so far in such a benchmark. Binderless NbC (HP-NbC1) and the metal-bonded NbCs exhibited low wear rates under dry sliding associated with P·V high load carrying capacities. NbC-based hard metal bonded with 12 vol.-% of Fe3Al resulted in a higher hardness level than for 12 vol.-% cobalt. The tribological profile established revealed a strong position of NbC-bearing materials under tribological considerations and for closed tribosystems against established reference tribo-couples.
Airborne ultrasonic testing of lightweight, structured composite materials enables fast and contact-free non-destructive testing in aerospace and avoids material degradation due to contact with a coupling liquid. Established resonant air-coupled transducers consist of piezocomposite materials and several matching layers or more advanced materials like charged cellular polypropylene. The relaxation time and the specific frequency of such mechanical ultrasound emitters limit the spectrum of applications for each device. A short pulse length is key for reliable defect detection and each component at test can be best characterized at material- and geometry-specific frequencies. Here we show that focused thermoacoustic transducers are suited for testing lightweight, structured composite plates. Since the ultrasound is generated in air, these transducers show no resonance behavior and emit a broadband acoustic spectrum between 1.2 kHz and 1 MHz. Composite specimens of 3 mm to 9 mm thickness made of polylactide with a honeycomb structure were tested. Flat bottom holes were introduced to quantify the spatial resolution of the imaging method inside the strongly anisotropic specimen. As no broadband receivers are available yet, cellular polypropylene transducers were used as receivers, which limits the bandwidth of the method towards the bandwidth of the receiver. Nevertheless, we demonstrate the competitiveness of the thermoacoustic transducer compared to mechanical emitters at their respective resonance frequencies. Because a thermoacoustic transmitter features a nearly ideal pulse width, a single transmitter can be coupled with receivers with different resonance frequencies. With the development of broadband ultrasound receivers, air-coupled ultrasound spectroscopy will likely be possible in the near future. The analysed transducer holds the potential to speed up testing during production and maintenance in aerospace and automotives. Its combination with a broadband receiver could also expand the application field of air-coupled ultrasonic testing from a qualitative error detection towards a quantitative, spatially resolved analysis of mechanical material properties.
Development and fundamental understanding of precious-group-metal-free electrocatalysts is hampered by limitations in the quantification of the intrinsic activity of different catalytic sites and understanding the different reaction mechanisms. Comparing isomorphic nitrogen-doped carbons, Zn-N-Cs and Fe-N-Cs with the common tetrapyrrolic motif, a catalyst-independent outer-sphere rate-determining step in the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction is observed. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations on tetrapyrrolic model structures indicate the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level as a good descriptor for the catalytic activity. Contour plots suggest that the electron transfer occurs directly from the tetrapyrrolic coordination site, rather than from the metal center. Metal-free tetrapyrrolic N4 sites are discovered to be highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites in alkaline that reach turnover frequencies (TOF) of 0.33 and 1.84 s−1 at 0.80 and 0.75 VRHE in the order of magnitude of tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites in the acidic ORR. While Zn-coordination lowers the HOMO level and therefore the catalytic activity, Fe-coordination lifts the HOMO level resulting in TOF values of 0.4 and 4 s−1 for tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites at 0.90 and 0.85 VRHE, respectively. At higher mass activities, the peroxide reduction becomes rate-limiting, where highest peroxide production rates are observed for the nitrogen-doped carbon.
The concept of a ‘plastisphere microbial community’ arose from research on aquatic plastic debris, while the effect of plastics on microbial communities in soils remains poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the inhabiting microbial communities of two plastic debris ecosystems with regard to their diversity and composition relative to plastic-free soils from the same area using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Furthermore, we studied the plastic-colonizing potential of bacteria originating from both study sites as a measure of surface adhesion to UV-weathered polyethylene (PE) using high-magnification field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The high plastic content of the soils was associated with a reduced alpha diversity and a significantly different structure of the microbial communities. The presence of plastic debris in soils did not specifically enrich bacteria known to degrade plastic, as suggested by earlier studies, but rather shifted the microbial community towards highly abundant autotrophic bacteria potentially tolerant to hydrophobic environments and known to be important for biocrust formation. The bacterial inoculates from both sites formed dense biofilms on the surface and in micrometer-scale surface cracks of the UV-weathered PE chips after 100 days of in vitro incubation with visible threadlike EPS structures and cross-connections enabling surface adhesion. High-resolution FESEM imaging further indicates that the microbial colonization catalyzed some of the surface degradation of PE. In essence, this study suggests the concept of a ‘terrestrial plastisphere’ as a diverse consortium of microorganisms including autotrophs and other pioneering species paving the way for those members of the consortium that may eventually break down the plastic compounds.
The miraculously preserved 2000-year-old Dead Sea Scrolls, ancient texts of invaluable historical significance, were discovered in the mid-20th century in the caves of the Judean desert. The texts were mainly written on parchment and exhibit vast diversity in their states of preservation. One particular scroll, the 8-m-long Temple Scroll is especially notable because of its exceptional thinness and bright ivory color. The parchment has a layered structure, consisting of a collagenous base material and an atypical inorganic overlayer. We analyzed the chemistry of the inorganic layer using x-ray and Raman spectroscopies and discovered a variety of evaporitic sulfate salts. This points toward a unique ancient production technology in which the parchment was modified through the addition of the inorganic layer as a writing surface. Furthermore, understanding the properties of these minerals is particularly critical for the development of suitable conservation methods for the preservation of these invaluable historical documents.
The present Table of Standard Atomic Weights (TSAW) of the elements is perhaps one of the most familiar data sets in science. Unlike most parameters in physical science whose values and uncertainties are evaluated using the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM), the majority of standard atomic weight values and their uncertainties are consensus values, not GUM-evaluated values. The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) regularly evaluates the literature for new isotopic-abundance measurements that can lead to revised standard atomic-weight values, Ar(E) for element E.
The Commission strives to provide utmost clarity in products it disseminates, namely the TSAW and the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). In 2016, the Commission recognized that a guideline recommending the expression of uncertainty listed in parentheses following the standard atomic-weight value, for example, Ar(Se) = 78.971(8), did not agree with the GUM, which suggests that this parenthetic notation be reserved to express standard uncertainty, not the expanded uncertainty used in the TSAW and TICE. In 2017, to eliminate this noncompliance with the GUM, a new format was adopted in which the uncertainty value is specified by the “±” symbol, for example, Ar(Se) = 78.971 ± 0.008. To clarify the definition of uncertainty, a new footnote has been added to the TSAW. This footnote emphasizes that an atomic-weight uncertainty is a consensus (decisional) uncertainty. Not only has the Commission shielded users of the TSAW and TICE from unreliable measurements that appear in the literature as a result of unduly small uncertainties, but the aim of IUPAC has been fulfilled by which any scientist, taking any natural sample from commerce or research, can expect the sample atomic weight to lie within Ar(E) ± its uncertainty almost all of the time.
Our ability to produce and transform engineered materials over the past 150 years is responsible for our high standards of living today, especially in the developed economies. Yet, we must carefully think of the effects our addiction to creating and using materials at this fast rate will have on the future generations. The way we currently make and use materials detrimentally affects the planet Earth, creating many severe environmental problems. It affects the next generations by putting in danger the future of economy, energy, and climate. We are at the point where something must drastically change, and it must change NOW. We must create more sustainable materials alternatives using natural raw materials and inspiration from Nature while making sure not to deplete important resources, i.e. in competition with the food chain supply. We must use less materials, eliminate the use of toxic materials and create a circular materials economy where reuse and recycle are priorities. We must develop sustainable methods for materials recycling and encourage design for disassembly. We must look across the whole materials life cycle from raw resources till end of life and apply thorough life cycle assessments based on reliable and relevant data to quantify sustainability.
We describe a fast and effective synthesis for molecular metal phosphonates. Isomorphic compounds [M(II)(HO₃PPh)₂(H₂O₃PPh)₂(H₂O)₂] (M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3); Ph = C₆H₅) were obtained by grinding. The complexes are mononuclear compounds containing neutral and monodeprotonated phenylphosphonic acid and water as ligands. The crystal structures were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data and validated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data. Combined synchrotron XRD measurements and Raman spectroscopy were conducted for investigating the reactions in situ. Based on these data, the intermediates were characterized and the formation mechanism was derived.
The stress–strain behavior of ceramics, such as aluminum titanate, has certain features that are unusual for brittle materials—in particular, a substantial nonlinearity under uniaxial tension, and load–unload hysteresis caused by the sharp increase of the incremental stiffness at the beginning of unloading. These features are observed experimentally and are attributed to microcracking. Here we compare different degrees of stress–strain nonlinearity of aluminum titanate materials and quantitatively model them. We use advanced mechanical testing to observe the mechanical response at room and high temperature; electron microscopy, and X-ray refraction radiography to observe the microstructural changes. Experiments show that two types of microcracks can be distinguished: (i) microcracks induced by cooling from the sintering temperature (due to heterogeneity and anisotropy of thermal expansion), with typical sizes of the order of grain size, and (ii) much larger microcracks generated by the mechanical loading. The two microcrack types produce different effects on the stress–strain curves. Such microcracks and the features of the stress–strain behavior depend on the density of the cooling-induced microcracks and on the distribution of grain sizes. They are modeled analytically and numerically.
Seabird excrements (guano) have been preserved in the arid climate of Northern Chile since at least the Pliocene. The deposits of marine organic material in coastal areas potentially open a window into the present and past composition of the coastal ocean and its food web. We use the stable isotope composition of nitrogen and carbon as well as element contents to compare the principal prey of the birds, the Peruvian anchovy, with the composition of modern guano. We also investigate the impact of diagenetic changes on the isotopic composition and elemental contents of the pure ornithogenic sediments, starting with modern stratified deposits and extending to fossil guano. Where possible, 14C systematics is used for age information. The nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of the marine prey (Peruvian anchovy) of the birds is complex as it shows strong systematic variations with latitude. The detailed study of a modern profile that represents a few years of guano deposition up to present reveals systematic changes in nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition towards heavier values that increase with age, i.e. depth. Only the uppermost, youngest layers of modern guano show compositional affinity to the prey of the birds. In the profile, the simultaneous loss of nitrogen and carbon occurs by degassing, and non-volatile elements like phosphorous and calcium are passively enriched in the residual guano. Fossil guano deposits are very low in nitrogen and low in carbon contents, and show very heavy nitrogen isotopic compositions. One result of the study is that the use of guano for tracing nitrogen and carbon isotopic and elemental composition in the marine food web of the birds is restricted to fresh material. Despite systematic changes during diagenesis, there is little promise to retrieve reliable values of marine nitrogen and carbon signatures from older guano. However, the changes in isotopic composition from primary marine nitrogen isotopic signatures towards very heavy values generate a compositionally unique material. These compositions trace the presence of guano in natural ecosystems and its use as fertilizer in present and past agriculture.
The polycondensations of adipic acid and 1,10-decanediol catalyzed by toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) were reinvestigated using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Unexpected reactions of TSA were detected along with incomplete conversion of the monomers. Furthermore, transesterification reactions of end-capped poly(1,10-decanediol adipate) and end-capped poly(ε-caprolactone) catalyzed by TSA were studied. Despite the quite different (ionic) reaction mechanisms, it was found that for polycondensations performed in bulk intermolecular transesterification is more efficient than the intramolecular “back-biting”; this scenario was not considered in the Jacobson–Stockmayer theory of reversible polycondensations.
These results also confirm that the Jacobson–Stockmayer explanation of reversible polycondensations solely on the basis of ring chain equilibration is not only devoid of any experimental evidence, but also in contradiction to the results elaborated in this work.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are often present when processing solid targets with linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses. The different irradiation parameters to produce them on metals, semiconductors and dielectrics have been studied extensively, identifying suitable regimes to tailor its properties for applications in the fields of optics, medicine, fluidics and tribology, to name a few. One important parameter widely present when exposing the samples to the high intensities provided by these laser pulses in air environment, that generally is not considered, is the formation of a superficial laser-induced oxide layer. In this paper, we fabricate LIPSS on a layer of the oxidation prone hard-coating material chromium nitride in order to investigate the impact of the laser-induced oxide layer on its formation. A variety of complementary surface analytic techniques were employed, revealing morphological, chemical and structural characteristics of well-known high-spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) together with a new type of low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with an anomalous orientation parallel to the laser polarization. Based on this input, we performed finite-difference time-domain calculations considering a layered system resembling the geometry of the HSFL along with the presence of a laser-induced oxide layer. The simulations support a scenario that the new type of LSFL is formed at the interface between the laser-induced oxide layer and the non-altered material underneath. These findings suggest that LSFL structures parallel to the polarization can be easily induced in materials that are prone to oxidation.
It is widely accepted that the magnetic state of a ferromagnetic material may be irreversibly altered by mechanical loading due to magnetoelastic effects. A novel standardized nondestructive testing (NDT) technique uses weak magnetic stray fields, which are assumed to arise from inhomogeneous deformation, for structural health monitoring (i.e., for detection and assessment of damage). However, the mechanical and microstructural complexity of damage has hitherto only been insufficiently considered. The aim of this study is to discuss the phenomenon of inhomogeneous “self-magnetization” of a polycrystalline ferromagnetic material under inhomogeneous deformation experimentally and with stronger material-mechanical focus. To this end, notched specimens were elastically and plastically deformed. Surface magnetic states were measured by a three-axis giant magnetoresistant (GMR) sensor and were compared with strain field (digital image correlation) and optical topography measurements. It is demonstrated that the stray fields do not solely form due to magnetoelastic effects. Instead, inhomogeneous plastic deformation causes topography, which is one of the main origins for the magnetic stray field formation. Additionally, if not considered, topography may falsify the magnetic signals due to variable lift-off values. The correlation of magnetic vector components with mechanical tensors, particularly for multiaxial stress/strain states and inhomogeneous elastic-plastic deformations remains an issue.
This review article comprises of three parts. Firstly, reports of brake manufacturers on the beneficial impact of solid lubricants for pad formulations are surveyed. Secondly, since tribofilms were identified to play a crucial role in friction stabilization and wear reduction, the knowledge about tribofilm structures formed during automotive braking was reviewed comprehensively. Finally, a model for simulating the sliding behavior of tribofilms is suggested and a review on modelling efforts with different model structures related to real tribofilms will be presented. Although the variety of friction composites involved in commercial brake systems is very broad, striking similarities were observed in respect to tribofilm nanostructures. Thus a generalization of the tribofilm nanostructure is suggested and prerequisites for smooth sliding performance and minimal wear rates have been identified. A minimum of 13 vol.% of soft inclusions embedded in an iron oxide based tribofilm is crucial for obtaining the desired properties. As long as the solid lubricants or their reaction products are softer than magnetite, the main constituent of the tribofilm, the model predicts smooth sliding and a minimum of wear.
The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.
A new concept called “Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) combined with simultaneous POlyCondensation” (ROPPOC) is presented and discussed. This synthetic strategy is based on the intermediate formation of chains having two end groups that can react with each other. The ROPPOC syntheses are subdivided into three groups according to the nature of the chain ends: two ionic end groups, one ionic and one covalent chain end and a combination of two reactive covalent end groups may be involved, depending on the catalyst. The usefulness for the preparation of cyclic polymers is discussed with a review of numerous previously published examples. These examples concern to following classes of cyclic polymers: polypeptides, polyamides, polyesters, including polycarbonates, and cyclic polysiloxanes. It is demonstrated, that the results of certain ROPPOC syntheses are in contradiction to the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory. Finally, the usefulness of ROPPOCs for the detection of polydisperse catenanes is discussed.
The effect of two types of scanning strategies on the grain structure and build-up of Residual Stress (RS) has been investigated in an as-built IN718 alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The RS state has been investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The microstructural characterization was performed principally by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), where the application of a post-measurement refinement technique enables small misorientations (< 2°) to be resolved. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions indicate that preferably oriented columnar grains contain higher levels of misorientation, when compared to elongated grains with lower texture. The KAM distributions combined with X-ray diffraction stress maps infer that the increased misorientation is induced via plastic deformation driven by the thermal stresses, acting to self-relieve stress. The possibility of obtaining lower RS states in the build direction as a consequence of the influence of the microstructure should be considered when envisaging scanning strategies aimed at the mitigation of RS.
In the processing of nanocomposites, high shear stresses at elevated tempera-tures orient two-dimensional nanoparticles like graphene. This orientationleads to anisotropic mechanical, thermal or barrier properties of the nanocom-posite. This anisotropy is addressed in this study by comparing graphene (few-layer graphene, FLG) with a nanoscaled carbon black (nCB) at a filler contentof 3 phr, by varying the vulcanization, and by comparing different FLG con-tents. Transmission electron microscopy gives insight into the qualitative ori-entation in the nanocomposite with FLG or nCB. The storage moduli paralleland normal to the orientation reveal the direction dependency of reinforce-ment through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Dimensional swellingmeasurements show a restriction of the expansion parallel to the FLG orienta-tion, and an increased expansion normal to the orientation. The vulcanizationsystem and crosslinking determine the respective level of property values, andhigher crosslinking densities increase the anisotropy in DMA resulting invalues of up to 2.9 for the quantified anisotropy factor. With increasing FLGcontent, the anisotropy increases. A comparison of the results reveals swellingmeasurements as the most suitable method for the determination of anisot-ropy. Compared to recent literature, the presented processing induces higheranisotropy, leading to higher reinforcing effects in the direction of orientation
Amyloid fibrils are polymers formed by proteins under specific conditions and in many cases they are related to pathogenesis, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Their hallmark is the presence of a β-sheet structure. High resolution structural data on these systems as well as information gathered from multiple complementary analytical techniques is needed, from both a fundamental and a pharmaceutical perspective. Here, a previously reported de novo designed, pH-switchable coiled coil-based peptide that undergoes structural transitions resulting in fibril formation under physiological conditions has been exhaustively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Overall, a unique 2-dimensional carpet-like assembly composed of large coexisiting ribbon-like, tubular and funnel-like structures with a clearly resolved protofilament substructure is observed. Whereas electron microscopy and scattering data point somewhat more to a hairpin model of β-fibrils, ssNMR data obtained from samples with selectively labelled peptides are in agreement with both, hairpin structures and linear arrangements.
The Protocol Gap
(2021)
Although peer review is considered one of the main pillars of modern science, experimental methods and protocols seem to be not a rigorous subject of this process in many papers. Commercial equipment, test kits, labeling kits, previously published concepts, and standard protocols are often considered to be not worth a detailed description or validation. Even more disturbing is the extremely biased citation behavior in this context, which sometimes leads to surrogate citations to avoid low-impact journals, preprints, or to indicate traditional practices. This article describes some of these surprising habits and suggests some measures to avoid the most unpleasant effects, which in the long term may undermine the credibility of science as a whole.
Over the last few years, the Federal Institute for material research (BAM, Berlin) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC, University of Hamburg) have initiated a systematic material investigation of black inks produced from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (ca. fourth century CE–fourteenth/fifteenth centuries CE), aimed primarily at extending and complementing findings from previous sporadic studies. Part of this systematic investigation has focused on Egyptian Coptic manuscripts, and the present preliminary study is one of its outputs. It centres on a corpus of 45 Coptic manuscripts—43 papyri and 2 ostraca—preserved at the Palau-Ribes and Roca-Puig collections in Barcelona. The manuscripts come from the Monastery of Apa Apollo at Bawit, one of the largest monastic settlements in Egypt between the Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic Period (sixth–eighth centuries CE). The composition of their black inks was investigated in situ using near-infrared reflectography (NIRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The analyses determined that the manuscripts were written using different types of ink: pure carbon ink; carbon ink containing iron; mixed inks containing carbon, polyphenols and metallic elements; and iron-gall ink. The variety of inks used for the documentary texts seems to reflect the articulate administrative system of the monastery of Bawit. This study reveals that, in contrast to the documents, written mostly with carbon-based inks, literary biblical texts were written with iron-gall ink. The frequent reuse of papyrus paper for certain categories of documents may suggest that carbon-based inks were used for ephemeral manuscripts, since they were easy to erase by abrasion.
We show that mechanochemically driven polymorphic transformations can require extremely long induction periods, which can be tuned from hours to days by changing ball milling energy. The robust design and interpretation of ball milling experiments must account for this unexpected kinetics that arises from energetic phenomena unique to the solid state. Detailed thermal analysis, combined with DFT simulations, indicates that these marked induction periods are associated with processes of mechanical activation. Correspondingly, we show that the pre‐activation of reagents can also lead to marked changes in the length of induction periods. Our findings demonstrate a new dimension for exerting control over polymorphic transformations in organic crystals. We expect mechanical activation to have a much broader implication across organic solid‐state mechanochemistry.
NMR is becoming increasingly popular for the investigation of building materials as it is a non-invasive technology that does not require any sample preparation nor causes damage to the material. Depending on the specific application it can offer insights into properties like porosity and spatial saturation degree as well as pore structure. Moreover it enables the determination of moisture transport properties and the (re-)distribution of internal moisture into different reservoirs or chemical phases upon damage and curing. However, as yet most investigations were carried out using devices originally either designed for geophysical applications or the analysis of rather homogeneous small scale (< 10 mL) samples. This paper describes the capabilities of an NMR tomograph, which has been specifically optimized for the investigation of larger, heterogeneous building material samples (diameters of up to 72 mm, length of up to 700 mm) with a high flexibility due to interchangeable coils allowing for a high SNR and short echo times (50 - 80 m s).
The neutron imaging instrument CONRAD was operated as a part of the user program of the research reactor BER‐II at Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin (HZB) from 2005 to 2020. The Instrument was designed to use the neutron flux from the cold source of the reactor, transported by a curved neutron guide. The pure cold neutron spectrum provided a great advantage in the use of different neutron optical components such as focusing lenses and guides, solid‐state polarizers, Monochromators and phase gratings. The flexible setup of the instrument allowed for implementation of new methods including wavelength‐selective, dark‐field, phase‐contrast and imaging with polarized neutrons. In summary, these developments helped to attract a large number of scientists and industrial customers, who were introduced to neutron imaging and subsequently contributed to the Expansion of the neutron imaging community.
Homochirality is an obvious feature of life on Earth. On the other hand, extraterrestrial samples contain largely racemic compounds. The same is true for any common organic synthesis. Therefore, it has been a perplexing puzzle for decades how these racemates could have formed enantiomerically enriched fractions as a basis for the origin of homochiral life forms. Numerous hypotheses have been put forward as to how preferentially homochiral molecules could have formed and accumulated on Earth. In this article, it is shown that homochirality of the abiotic organic pool at the time of formation of the first self-replicating molecules is not necessary and not even probable. It is proposed to abandon the notion of a molecular ensemble and to focus on the level of individual molecules. Although the formation of the first self-replicating, most likely homochiral molecule, is a seemingly improbable event, on a closer look, it is almost inevitable that some homochiral molecules have formed simply on a statistical basis. In this case, the non-selective leap to homochirality would be one of the first steps in chemical evolution directly out of a racemic “ocean”. Moreover, most studies focus on the chirality of the primordial monomers with respect to an asymmetric carbon atom. However, any polymer with a minimal size that allows folding to a secondary structure would spontaneously lead to asymmetric higher structures (conformations). Most of the functions of these polymers would be influenced by this inherently asymmetric folding. Furthermore, a concept of physical compartmentalization based on rock nanopores in analogy to nanocavities of digital immunoassays is introduced to suggest that complex cell walls or membranes were also not required for the first steps of chemical evolution. To summarize, simple and universal mechanisms may have led to homochiral self-replicating systems in the context of chemical evolution. A homochiral monomer pool is deemed unnecessary and probably never existed on primordial Earth.
Herein, we provide a "systems architecture"-like overview and detailed discussions of the methodological and instrumental components that, together, comprise the "MOUSE" project (Methodology Optimization for UltrafineStructure Exploration). The MOUSE project provides scattering information on a wide variety of samples, with traceable dimensions for both the scattering vector (q) and the absolute scattering cross-section (I). The measurable scattering vector-range of 0.012≤ q (nm-1) ≤ 92, allows information across a hierarchy of structures with dimensions ranging from ca. 0.1 to 400 nm. In addition to details that comprise the MOUSE project, such as the organisation and traceable aspects, several representative examples are provided to demonstrate its flexibility. These include measurements on alumina membranes, the tobacco mosaic virus, and dual-source information that overcomes fluorescence limitations on ZIF-8 and iron-oxide-containing carbon catalyst materials.
Data correction is probably the least favourite activity amongst users experimenting with small-angle X-ray scattering: if it is not done sufficiently well, this may become evident only during the data analysis stage, necessitating the repetition of the data corrections from scratch. A recommended comprehensive sequence of elementary data correction steps is presented here to alleviate the difficulties associated with data correction, both in the laboratory and at the synchrotron. When applied in the proposed order to the raw signals, the resulting absolute scattering cross section will provide a high degree of accuracy for a very wide range of samples, with its values accompanied by uncertainty estimates. The method can be applied without modification to any pinhole-collimated instruments with photon-counting direct-detection area detectors.
Through connecting genomic and metabolic information, metaproteomics is an essential approach for understanding how microbiomes function in space and time. The international metaproteomics community is delighted to announce the launch of the Metaproteomics Initiative (www.metaproteomics.org), the goal of which is to promote dissemination of metaproteomics fundamentals, advancements, and applications through collaborative networking in microbiome research. The Initiative aims to be the central information hub and open meeting place where newcomers and experts interact to communicate, standardize, and accelerate experimental and bioinformatic methodologies in this feld. We invite the entire microbiome community to join and discuss potential synergies at the interfaces with other disciplines, and to collectively promote innovative approaches to gain deeper insights into microbiome functions and dynamics.
Mechanochemical reactions are driven by the direct absorption of mechanical energy by a solid (often crystalline) material. Understanding how this energy is absorbed and ultimately causes a chemical transformation is essential for understanding the elementary stages of mechanochemical transformations. Using as a model system the energetic material LiN3 we here consider how vibrational energy flows through the crystal structure. By considering the compression response of the crystalline material we identify the partitioning of energy into an initial vibrational excitation. Subsequent energy flow is based on concepts of phonon–phonon scattering, which we calculate within a quasi-equilibrium model facilitated by phonon scattering data obtained from Density Functional Theory (DFT). Using this model we demonstrate how the moments (picoseconds) immediately following mechanical impact lead to significant thermal excitation of crystalline LiN3, sufficient to drive marked changes in its electronic structure and hence chemical reactivity. This work paves the way towards an ab initio approach to studying elementary processes in mechanochemical reactions involving crystalline solids.
Bending beams and slabs are typical examples for structural elements used for reinforced concrete structures such as bridge girders, T-beams and bridge decks. Their strength related failure modes at maximum loading can be divided into bending and shear failure. The failure of beams loaded in bending can occur with or without indication. Therefore, conventional design concepts aim on failure modes with sufficient indication (e.g. large deflections or cracks), as it occurs in the case of secondary flexural compression failure. These indicating factors can also be used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure systems (e.g. bridges) to identify structural changes. In this context, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods offer different techniques for measuring deflections or crack formation and opening. However, profound knowledge on the determining failure modes of bending beams and their detection by NDT methods is required for the reliable application of SHM. Different NDT methods have been used in this study for analysing the load-bearing behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam in bending. The different measuring techniques are briefly described and their applicability is discussed by means of experimental results. For this purpose, the load-bearing behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam having a span of 2.75 m was investigated in a four-point bending flexural test at laboratory scale. The focus is on the characterization of determining failure modes by optical NDT and the comparison with classical measuring techniques (e.g. deformation measurements by displacement transducers). The bending beam was equipped with two single-mode (SM) sensor fibres. One fibre served as Distributed Optical Fibre Sensor (DOFS), whereas the other fibre contained Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. In addition, optical deformation measurements using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Stereophotogrammetry (SP) were conducted.
The application and benefits of Semantic Web Technologies (SWT) for managing, sharing, and (re-)using of research data are demonstrated in implementations in the field of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). However, a compilation and classification are needed to fully recognize the scattered published works with its unique added values. Here, the primary use of SWT at the interface with MSE is identified using specifically created categories. This overview highlights promising opportunities for the application of SWT to MSE, such as enhancing the quality of experimental processes, enriching data with contextual information in knowledge graphs, or using ontologies to perform specific queries on semantically structured data. While interdisciplinary work between the two fields is still in its early stages, a great need is identified to facilitate access for nonexperts and develop and provide user-friendly tools and workflows. The full potential of SWT can best be achieved in the long term by the broad acceptance and active participation of the MSE community. In perspective, these technological solutions will advance the field of MSE by making data FAIR. Data-driven approaches will benefit from these data structures and their connections to catalyze knowledge generation in MSE.
This article presents a unique method of installing a special type of embedded ultrasonic transducers inside a 36-m-long section of an old bridge in Germany. A small-scale load test was carried out by a 16 ton truck to study the temperature and load influence on the bridge, as well as the performance of the embedded transducers. Ultrasonic coda wave interferometry technique, which has high sensitivity in detecting subtle changes in a heterogeneous medium, was used for the data evaluation and interpretation. The separation of two main influence factors (load effect and temperature variation) is studied, and future applications of wave velocity variation rate Φ for structural health condition estimation are discussed. As a preliminary research stage, the installation method and the performance of the ultrasonic transducer are recognized. Load- and temperature-induced weak wave velocity variations are successfully detected with a high resolution of 10−4%. The feasibility of the whole system for long-term structural health monitoring is considered, and further research is planned.
AbstractRecent studies have hypothesized that the reinforcing effects of boehmite nanoparticles (BNPs) in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are partly related to the particles themselves and partly to the water released from the BNP during curing. In this work, PNCs made from dried BNP (dBNP) with concentrations up to 15 wt% are investigated to differentiate particle and water related effects. The observed trend of the storage modulus in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements was found to be independent of the drying procedure. Stiffness maps from intermodulation atomic force microscopy showed that dBNP leads to a stiffening of the interphase surrounding the particles compared with the unaffected epoxy matrix, while a softer interphase was reported for PNCs with as received BNP. A slight decrease in the glass transition temperature was observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy related to a lowered crosslink density due to the particles. A significantly higher decrease was reported for PNCs with BNP, attributed to water influencing the curing process. In conclusion, the stiffening of PNC with BNP is related to the particles themselves, while the release of water causes the formation of a soft interphase in the vicinity of the particles and a significant decrease in crosslink density.
Textile floor coverings are often used in offices and residential buildings. Large areas like meeting rooms, cinemas, theaters and hotels are often equipped with such coverings. They contribute to the comfort of the users as they provide high pedaling comfort and sound absorption. The weakness of these building materials is due to the odor emission that is released from the floor covering, which affects the comfort of the users. A bad air quality and the resulting dissatisfaction can lead to lower employee productivity. The research project of the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW-Berlin) is promoted by the German Environment Agency (UBA). The project has the following title: Low-emission and low-odor building products for energy-efficient buildings - Development of requirements and concepts for the Blue Angel from a climate protection perspective; investigates the emission and odor behavior of textile floor coverings (Emissions- und geruchsarme Bauprodukte für energieeffiziente Gebäude - Entwicklung von Anforderungen und Konzepten für den Blauen Engel aus Klimaschutzsicht; untersucht das Emissions- und Geruchsverhalten textiler Bodenbeläge).
The influence of processing parameters on X‑ray emission during ultra‑short pulse laser machining
(2019)
During ultra-short laser material processing at high laser pulse repetition rates unwanted X-ray radiation can be generated in a quantity that may constitute a potential risk for health. An adequate X-ray radiation protection requires a thoroughly understanding of the influence of the laser processing parameters on the generation of X-ray radiation. In the present work, the generated X-ray dose during laser machining was investigated in air for varying beam scanning conditions at a pulse duration of 925 fs, a center wavelength of 1030 nm and a laser peak intensity of 2.6 × 10^14 W/cm^2. The X-ray radiation dose and the corresponding spectral X-ray emission were investigated in dependence on the laser’s pulse repetition rate and on the beam scanning speed. The results show a strong dependence of the X-ray emission on these laser processing parameters.
The importance of empirical relations to quantify the movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased during the last decades since performance-based design methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special interest because of their importance for egress routes and as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical relations as the density-dependent movement speed or flow rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions, which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics forbetter control of influencing variables.
If individual characteristics of a crowd become more heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their individual movement and control individual manoeuvring.
These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present results from a movement study under well-controlled boundary conditions in which participants with and without different characteristics of disabilities participated. To consider the effect of different heterogeneities on the capacity of a facility, fundamental diagrams are generated using the Voronoi method. If participants with visible disabilities (such as using assistive devices) are part of a crowd, significant differences relating to the shape of the empirical Relations and the capacities are found. This indicates that the heterogeneity of a Population leads to an increased interpersonal interaction which results in influenced movement characteristics.
Background. Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a common health problem worldwide, most commonly caused by estrogen deficiency. Most of the information regarding the skeletal effects of this disease relates to trabecular bone, while cortical bone is less studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen deficiency on the structure and mechanical properties of cortical bone.
Methods. Eight ovariectomized (OVH) and eight intact (control) Sprague Dawley rats were used. Structural features of femoral cortical bone were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based microcomputer-tomography and their mechanical properties determined by nano-indentation.
Results. Cortical bone of both study groups contains two distinct regions: organized
circumferential lamellae and disordered bone with highly mineralized cartilaginous islands. Lacunar volume was lower in the OVH group both in the lamellar and disorganized regions (182 ± 75 µm3 vs 232 ± 106 µm3 , P < 0.001 and 195 ± 86 µm3 vs. 247 ± 106 µm3 , P < 0.001, respectively). Lacunar density was also lower in both bone regions of the OVH group (40 ± 18 ×103 lacunae/mm3 vs. 47 ± 9×103 lacunae/mm3
in the lamellar region, P = 0.003 and 63 ± 18×103 lacunae/mm3
vs. 75 ± 13×103 lacunae/mm3 in the disorganized region, P < 0.001). Vascular canal volume was lower in the disorganized region of the bone in the OVH group compared to the same Region in the control group (P < 0.001). Indentation moduli were not different between the study groups in both bone regions.
Discussion. Changes to cortical bone associated with estrogen deficiency in rats require high-resolution methods for detection. Caution is required in the application of These results to humans due to major structural differences between human and rat bone.
Hybrid cements are composites made of Portland cement or Portland clinker and one or more supplementary cementitious materials like slag, fly ash or metakaolin, activated with an alkali salt. To date, their hydration mechanism and the phase formation at various temperatures is insufficiently understood, partly due to the large variability of the raw materials used. In the present study, three hybrid cements based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, Portland clinker and sodium sulfate, and an alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend were cured at 10 and 21.5°C, and subsequently analyzed by XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, and TGA. The compressive strength of the hybrid cements was higher by up to 27% after 91-day curing at 10°C, compared to curing at 21.5°C. The experimental results as well as thermodynamic modeling indicate that the differences in compressive strength were related to a different phase assemblage, mainly differing amounts of strätlingite and C-N-A-S-H, and the associated differences of the volume of hydration products. While the strätlingite was amorphous to X-rays, it could be identified by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, TGA and thermodynamic modeling. The microstructural properties of the hybrid cements and the alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend as well as the compatibility between thermodynamic modeling results and experimental data as a function of curing temperature and time are discussed.
Abstract: Increasing demand for sustainable, resilient, and low-carbon construction materials has highlighted the potential of Compacted Mineral Mixtures (CMMs), which are formulated from various soil types (sand, silt, clay) and recycled mineral waste. This paper presents a comprehensive inter- and transdisciplinary research concept that aims to industrialise and scale up the adoption of CMM-based construction materials and methods, thereby accelerating the construction industry’s systemic transition towards carbon neutrality. By drawing upon the latest advances in soil mechanics, rheology, and automation, we propose the development of a robust material properties database to inform the design and application of CMM-based materials, taking into account their complex, time-dependent behaviour. Advanced soil mechanical tests would be utilised to ensure optimal performance under various loading and ageing conditions. This research has also recognised the importance of context-specific strategies for CMM adoption. We have explored the implications and limitations of implementing the proposed framework in developing countries, particularly where resources may be constrained. We aim to shed light on socio-economic and regulatory aspects that could influence the adoption of these sustainable construction methods. The proposed concept explores how the automated production of CMM-based wall elements can become a fast, competitive, emission-free, and recyclable alternative to traditional masonry and concrete construction techniques.
We advocate for the integration of open-source digital platform technologies to enhance data accessibility, processing, and knowledge acquisition; to boost confidence in CMM-based technologies; and to catalyse their widespread adoption. We believe that the transformative potential of this research necessitates a blend of basic and applied investigation using a comprehensive, holistic, and transfer-oriented methodology. Thus, this paper serves to highlight the viability and multiple benefits of CMMs in construction, emphasising their pivotal role in advancing sustainable development and resilience in the built environment.
The residual stress (RS) in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) IN718 alloy samples produced using a 67°-rotation scan strategy is investigated via laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND). The location dependence of the strain-free (d₀) lattice spacing in ND is evaluated using a grid array of coupons extracted from the far-edge of the investigated specimen. No compositional spatial variation is observed in the grid array. The calculated RS fields show considerable non-uniformity, significant stress gradients in the region from 0.6 to 2 mm below the surface, as well as subsurface maxima that cannot be accounted for via XRD. It is concluded that failure to determine such maxima would hamper a quantitative determination of RS fields by means of the stress balance method.
The importance of plasmonic heating for the plasmondriven photodimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol
(2019)
Metal nanoparticles form potent nanoreactors, driven by the optical generation of energetic electrons and nanoscale heat. The relative influence of these two factors on nanoscale chemistry is strongly debated. This article discusses the temperature dependence of the dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) into 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) adsorbed on gold nanoflowers by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Raman thermometry shows a significant optical heating of the particles. The ratio of the Stokes and the anti-Stokes Raman signal moreover demonstrates that the molecular temperature during the reaction rises beyond the average crystal lattice temperature of the plasmonic particles. The product bands have an even higher temperature than reactant bands, which suggests that the reaction proceeds preferentially at thermal hot spots. In addition, kinetic measurements of the reaction during external heating of the reaction environment yield a considerable rise of the reaction rate with temperature. Despite this significant heating effects, a comparison of SERS spectra recorded after heating the sample by an external heater to spectra recorded after prolonged illumination shows that the reaction is strictly photo-driven. While in both cases the temperature increase is comparable, the dimerization occurs only in the presence of light. Intensity dependent measurements at fixed temperatures confirm this finding.
The increasing amount and complexity of clinical data require an appropriate way of storing and analyzing those data. Traditional approaches use a tabular structure (relational databases) for storing data and thereby complicate storing and retrieving interlinked data from the clinical domain. Graph databases provide a great solution for this by storing data in a graph as nodes (vertices) that are connected by edges (links). The underlying graph structure can be used for the subsequent data analysis (graph learning). Graph learning consists of two parts: graph representation learning and graph analytics. Graph representation learning aims to reduce high-dimensional input graphs to low-dimensional representations. Then, graph analytics uses the obtained representations for analytical tasks like visualization, classification, link prediction and clustering which can be used to solve domain-specific problems. In this survey, we review current state-of-the-art graph database management systems, graph learning algorithms and a variety of graph applications in the clinical domain. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive use case for a clearer understanding of complex graph learning algorithms.
Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and transformation products can be emitted into the environment. In a semi-field study, leaching of the biocidal active substances terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, carbendazim, and selected transformation products was observed for two paints containing either a white or a red pigment. Painted test panels were exposed to natural weathering for about 1.5 years. Runoff samples were analyzed during the course of the experiment.
At the end of the study, residues of biocidal active substances and transformation products were determined in sections of the test panels. Emissions of substances were mainly observed during the first few months of the experiments. Increased emissions of transformation products were observed during periods of increased global radiation and subsequent periods with relatively high amounts of driving rain. Different patterns of transformation products were observed, especially for terbutryn, both for paints containing different pigments and in experiments that were started in different periods of the year, as well as during different periods of the experiments.
The impact of water released from boehmite nanoparticles during curing in epoxy-based nanocomposites
(2021)
The enhancing effect on mechanical properties of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles (BNP) in epoxy-based nanocomposites on the macroscopic scale encouraged recent research to investigate the micro- and nanoscopic properties. Several studies presented different aspects relatable to an alteration of the epoxy polymer network formation by the BNP with need for further experiments to identify the mode of action.
With FTIR-spectroscopic methods this study identifies interactions of the BNP with the epoxy polymer matrix during the curing process as well as in the cured nanocomposite. The data reveals that not the BNP themselves, but the water released from them strongly influences the curing process by hydrolysis of the anhydride hardener or protonation of the amine accelerator. The changes of the curing processes are discussed in detail.
The changes of the curing processes enable new explanation for the changed material properties by BNP discussed in recent research like a lowered glass transition temperature region (Tg) and an interphase formation.
An ultrasonic vibration post-treatment procedure was suggested for additively manufac-tured lattices. The aim of the present research was to investigate mechanical properties andthe differences in mechanical behavior and fracture modes of Ti6Al4V scaffolds treated withtraditional powder recovery system (PRS) and ultrasound vibration (USV). Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the strut surface and the fracture surface mor-phology. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate the inner structure,strut dimensions, pore size, as well as the surface morphology of additively manufacturedporous scaffolds. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain elastic modulus,compressive ultimate strength and yield stress. Finite element analysis was performedfor a body-centered cubic (BCC) element-based model and for CT-based reconstructiondata, as well as for a two-zone scaffold model to evaluate stress distribution during elasticdeformation. The scaffold with PRS post treatment displayed ductile behavior, while USVtreated scaffold displayed fragile behavior. Double barrel formation of PRS treated scaffoldwas observed during deformation. Finite element analysis for the CT-based reconstructionrevealed the strong impact of surface morphology on the stress distribution in comparisonwith BCC cell model because of partially molten metal particles on the surface of struts,which usually remain unstressed.
The hexapeptide hIAPP22–27 (NFGAIL) is known as a crucial amyloid core sequence of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) whose aggregates can be used to better understand the wild‐type hIAPP′s toxicity to β‐cell death. In amyloid research, the role of hydrophobic and aromatic‐aromatic interactions as potential driving forces during the aggregation process is controversially discussed not only in case of NFGAIL, but also for amyloidogenic peptides in general. We have used halogenation of the aromatic residue as a strategy to modulate hydrophobic and aromatic‐aromatic interactions and prepared a library of NFGAIL variants containing fluorinated and iodinated phenylalanine analogues. We used thioflavin T staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to study the impact of side‐chain halogenation on NFGAIL amyloid formation kinetics. Our data revealed a synergy between aggregation behavior and hydrophobicity of the phenylalanine residue. This study introduces systematic fluorination as a toolbox to further investigate the nature of the amyloid self‐assembly process.
The unusual behavior observed in the coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat capacity of CrFeNi, CoCrNi, and CoCrFeNi medium/high-entropy alloys is commonly referred to as the K-state effect. It is shown to be independent of the Curie temperature, as demonstrated by temperature-dependent magnetic moment measurements. CoCrFeNi alloy is chosen for detailed characterization; potential reasons for the K-state effect such as texture, recrystallization, and second-phase precipitation are ruled out. An examination of the electronic structure indicates the formation of a pseudo-gap in the Density of States, which suggests a specific chemical interaction between Ni and Cr atoms upon alloying. Hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamic (MC/MD) simulations indicate the presence of non-negligible chemical short-range order (CSRO). Local lattice distortions are shown to be negligible, although deviations around Cr and Ni elements from those expected in a fully disordered structure are experimentally observed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The determined bonding distances are in good agreement with MC/MD calculations. A mechanism is proposed to explain the anomalies and calorimetric experiments and their results are used to validate the mechanism.
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking is a phenomenon observed during resistance spot welding (RSW) of zinccoated advanced highstrength steels (AHSS) in automotive manufacturing. In this study, severe cracks are observed at the edge of the sheet under reduced flange widths. These cracks, traversing the AHSS sheet, culminate at the edge with a width of approximately 1.2 mm.
Through combined numerical and experimental investigations, and material testing, these cracks are identified and validated as a new type of LME crack. The mechanism behind this crack formation is attributed to unique geometric conditions that, when compared to center welding, amplify radial material flow by ninefold to 0.87 mm. The resultant tangential tensile stresses approximate 760 MPa, which exceed the yield strength of the examined advanced highstrength steel (AHSS) under heightened temperature conditions, and when combined with liquid zinc, promote the formation of this new type of LME crack.
A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed.
In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines
towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use
indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems.
Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be
evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land
and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the
end-of-life stage).
VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of
the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources.
The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed.
The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), decomposition temperature (Td), density (ρ), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield (μ), thermal conductivity (k), and viscosity (η). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence).
Climate change and the pressure to decarbonize, as well as energy security concerns, have drawn the attention of policymakers and the industry to hydrogen energy. To ad-vance the hydrogen economy at a global scale, research and innovation progress is of significant importance, among others. However, previous studies have provided only lim-ited quantitative evidence of the effects of research and innovation on the formation of a global hydrogen market. Instead, they postulate rather than empirically support this rela-tionship. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of research and innovation measured by scientific publications, patents, and standards on bilateral hydrogen trade flows for 32 countries between 1995 and 2019 in a gravity model of trade, using regression analyses and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation. The main results of the PPML estimation show that research and innovation progress is indeed associated with increased trade, especially with patenting and (international) standardization enhancing hydrogen export volumes. As policy implications, we derive that increased public R&D funding can help increase the competitiveness of hydrogen energy and boost market growth, along with infrastructure support and harmonized standards and regulations.
The present contribution is the first research reporting full penetration HLAW joints in 15 mm thick EH36 steel butt T-welds with square grooves on 2F welding position by single-sided welding. The effects of welding parameters were investigated to increase the quality of the joints.
Conditions leading to defect-free full penetration welds fulfilling naval regulations includes a laser power of 12.5 kW, a welding speed of 1.6 m/min and the vertical laser offset distance from the flange of 1 mm. Advanced characterization of selected welds included a microstructural identification by optical microscopy, SEM, and XRD, revealing the presence of acicular, polygonal and Widmanstätten ferrite, lath martensite, and some retained austenite at FZ. Hardness and microhardness mapping tests showed values of 155 HV at base metal and 200 to 380 HV at the fusion zone connecting the web to the flange.
The effect of the environmental conditions on the threshold against fatigue crack propagation
(2022)
The threshold against fatigue crack propagation (ΔKth) is a crucial parameter for the damage tolerance assessment of engineering components subjected to cyclic loading and it is composed by two distinct components, one intrinsic, dependent on the elastic material properties and the lattice type, and one extrinsic, related to the occurrence of crack closure effects. An important issue is that several factors can influence ΔKth and, in general, the fatigue crack propagation behavior. In this work, the influence of the experimental procedure, air humidity, stress ratio and test frequency on da/dN-ΔK data has been investigated. Results are discussed with their potential causes and consequences on the calculations of the residual lifetime.
This paper reports a systematic study into the effect of different biomass-derived precursors on the structure and porosity of carbons prepared via catalytic graphitization. Glucose, starch and cellulose are combined with iron nitrate and heated under a nitrogen atmosphere to produce Fe3C nanoparticles, which catalyze the conversion of amorphous carbon to graphitic nanostructures. The choice of organic precursor provides a means of controlling the catalyst particle size, which has a direct effect on the porosity of the material. Cellulose and glucose produce mesoporous carbons, while starch produces a mixture of micro- and mesopores under the same conditions and proceeds via a much slower graphitization step, generating a mixture of graphitic nanostructures and turbostratic carbon. Porous carbons are critical to energy applications such as batteries and electrocatalytic processes. For These applications, a simple and sustainable route to those carbons is essential. Therefore, the ability to control the precise structure of a biomass-derived carbon simply through the choice of precursor will enable the production of a new generation of energy materials.
This paper reports a systematic study into the effect of nitrogen on iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass. Chitin, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, gelatin and glycine were selected to represent nitrogen-rich saccharides and amino-acid/polypeptide biomass precursors. The materials were pyrolyzed with an iron catalyst to produce carbons with a wide range of chemical and structural features such as mesoporosity and nitrogen-doping. Many authors have reported the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbons by pyrolysis and these have diverse applications. However, this is the first systematic study of how nitrogen affects pyrolysis of biomass and importantly the catalytic graphitization step. Our data demonstrates that nitrogen inhibits graphitization but that some nitrogen survives the catalytic graphitization process to become incorporated into various chemical environments in the carbon product.
Electron Beam Melting (EBM) as a means of Additive Manufacturing (AM), is of interest for the fabrication of intricate geometries for cellular materials in areas where complex architectures are needed, e.g. biomedical implants. Most studies have focused on specific geometries and so the effect of the structure on mechanical performance is not well understood. Many kinds of micro- and macro-scale defects can arise in additively manufactured components, so assessment of their influence on properties is needed. In this work, lattices of Ti-6Al-4V having a cubic structure have been manufactured by EBM, and the effect of heat treatments above and below the β-transus temperature on microstructure and compression response have been investigated. The former modifies only slightly the α + β structure and mechanical performance whereas the latter leads to coarse alternating α and β lamellae packets and α at the prior grain boundaries with a 10% loss in yield strength. The variation in the compressive yield stress with strut diameter is in good accord with simple models based on compressive deformation rather than shearing or buckling. Internal pores for struts aligned with the build direction are found around the edges of the solid form, in regions which seem to be associated with the EB scan pattern. Struts normal to the build direction show more significant defects but their redundancy means that they do not compromise the compressive performance in the build direction. Using a particle size in the range 45–100 μm minimum weld-track sizes were experimentally and numerically identified to be 176 and 148 μm in depth respectively with a depth-to-width ratio of 0.55. This produced a beam pass of the order of 300 μm oversizing small features (struts of 0.4 and 0.6 mm nominal diameter) when a contour around the strut periphery was applied.
In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to study the effect of seismic damage location on the response of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns at fire after earthquakes. Three analyses were conducted consecutively in the modelling, namely, cyclic, thermal and structural. Results of the cyclic loading analysis comprising residual deformations were applied as the Initial condition to the thermal-stress model, replicating the seismic performance of column.
Following, a nonlinear sequentially coupled-thermal stress Analysis was carried out to investigate the fire response of CFT columns after the seismic event. Three damage scenarios were contemplated, considering any possible potential damages that could be generated by the earthquake loading on CFT columns. The accuracy of the proposed FE model was examined by comparing the numerical results with that of available tests on fire and cyclic loading. By means of the validated model, the performance of damaged CFT columns was then investigated under fire after earthquakes. The level of damage was assumed as a high damage level, presuming that the column reached 50% of ist lateral resistance while still maintaining its overall stability after the earthquake. The results were presented broadly, including the axial deformation history as well as the fire resistance time for CFT columns. To have a comprehensive insight on the influence of damage location in columns, the fire response of damaged specimens was compared with that of an intact one.
We show that complex physical and chemical interactions between boehmite nanoparticles and epoxy drastically affect matrix properties, which in the future will provide tuning of material properties for further optimization in applications from automotive to aerospace. We utilize intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) for probing local stiffness of both particles and polymer matrix. Stiff particles are expected to increase total stiffness of nanocomposites and the stiffness of polymer should remain unchanged. However, ImAFM revealed that stiffness of matrix in epoxy/boehmite nanocomposite is significantly higher than unfilled epoxy. The stiffening effect of the boehmite on epoxy also depends on the particle concentration. To understand the mechanism behind property alteration induced by boehmite nanoparticles, network architecture is investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It was revealed that although with 15 wt% boehmite nanoparticles the modulus at glassy state increases, crosslinking density of epoxy for this composition is drastically low.
Lanthanides (Ln) are critical raw materials, however, their mining and purification have a considerable negative environmental impact and sustainable recycling and separation strategies for these elements are needed. In this study, the precipitation and solubility behavior of Ln complexes with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the cofactor of recently discovered lanthanide (Ln) dependent methanol Dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes, is presented. In this context, the molecular structure of a biorelevant europium PQQ complex was for the first time elucidated outside a protein environment.
The complex crystallizes as an inversion symmetric dimer, Eu2PQQ2, with binding of Eu in the biologically relevant pocket of PQQ. LnPQQ and Ln1Ln2PQQ complexes were characterized by using inductively coupled Plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 151Eu-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray total scattering, and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It is shown that a natural enzymatic cofactor is capable to achieve Separation by precipitation of the notoriously similar, and thus difficult to separate, lanthanides to some extent.
Lanthanides (Ln) are critical raw materials, however, their mining and purification have a considerable negative environmental impact and sustainable recycling and separation strategies for these elements are needed. In this study, the precipitation and solubility behavior of Ln complexes with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the cofactor of recently discovered lanthanide (Ln) dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes, is presented. In this context, the molecular structure of a biorelevant europium PQQ complex was for the first time elucidated outside a protein environment. The complex crystallizes as an inversion symmetric dimer, Eu2PQQ2, with binding of Eu in the biologically relevant pocket of PQQ. LnPQQ and Ln1Ln2PQQ complexes were characterized by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 151Eu‐Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray total scattering, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It is shown that a natural enzymatic cofactor is capable to achieve separation by precipitation of the notoriously similar, and thus difficult to separate, lanthanides to some extent.
The vehicle–track interaction generates forces and consequently vibrations in the environment. The interaction has been analysed by the simultaneous measurements of vehicle, track and ground vibrations during test runs with varied train speeds. The special effects of the passage over a bridge and through a tunnel are studied and compared with the measurements on a conventional ballasted surface line. The maximum amplitudes, narrow band and one-third octave band spectra are presented for the axle-box accelerations and for the track, bridge and ground vibrations. The different frequencies and frequency bands are related to wheel out-of-roundness, track alignment errors, the sleeper passage and the wheelset–track resonance. An axle impulse component has been observed at the track, at the near-field soil and as a scattered version in the far field. Specific results can be found for the bridge track, where clearly speed-dependent bridge resonances occur due to the axle sequence of the train, and for the tunnel track where soft rail pads are responsible for a strong amplification around the wheelset–track resonance. On the other hand, the axle impulses are strongly reduced by the tunnel track, and the scattered axle impulse component is not as relevant as for the surface track. As a consequence, a strong mid-frequency amplitude reduction of the tunnel compared to the surface line has been measured for low and high train speeds by the Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM) and by other institutes.
Currently, corrosion rates (CR) and/or corrosion products (CP) obtained for methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) on carbon steel are mainly analyzed from static-incubations. By using a multiport-flow-column, much higher CRs (0.72 mm/yr) were observed, indicating static-incubations are not suitable for determining the corrosive potential of Mi-MIC. With the combination of various analytical methods (ToF-SIMS/SEM-EDS/SEM-FIB) and contrary to previously published data, we observed that CPs contained phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron but lacked carbon-related species (e.g. siderite). Overall, siderite nucleation is disrupted by methanogens, as they convert aqueous bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for methanogenesis resulting in increased localized corrosion.
The crystal structures and syntheses of four different copper(II) phenylphosphonates, the monophenylphosphonates α-, β-, and γ-Cu(O3PC6H5)·H2O (α-CuPhPmH (1) β-CuPhPmH (2) and γ-CuPhPmH (3)), and the diphosphonate Cu(HO3PC6H5)2·H2O (CuPhP2mH (4)), are presented. The compounds were synthesized from solution at room temperature, at elevated temperature, under hydrothermal conditions, and mechanochemical conditions. The structures of α-CuPhPmH (1) and CuPhP2mH (4) were solved from powder X-ray diffraction data. The structure of β-CuPhPmH (2) was solved by single crystal X-ray analysis. The structures were validated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and DTA analyses. Disorder of the crystal structure was elucidated by electron diffraction. The relationship between the compounds and their reaction pathways were investigated by in situ synchrotron measurements.
Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary scale. Multiple lines of evidence show that microorganisms may play a pivotal—yet overlooked—role in weathering. This topic is reviewed here with an emphasis on the following questions that remain unanswered: What is the quantitative contribution of bacteria and fungi to weathering? What are the associated mechanisms and do they leave characteristic imprints on mineral surfaces or in the geological record? Does biogenic weathering fulfill an ecological function, or does it occur as a side effect of unrelated metabolic functions and biological processes? An overview of efforts to integrate the contribution of living organisms into reactive transport models is provided. We also highlight prospective opportunities to harness microbial weathering in order to support sustainable agroforestry practices and mining activities, soil remediation, and carbon sequestration.
This work presents the determination of the corrosion characteristics of CrCoNi (medium entropy alloy) and CrMnFeCoNi (high entropy alloy) in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M H2SO4. The morphology and chemical composition of the oxide layers formed on CrCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi were comparatively analyzed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported with chemical analysis by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis of the 3p core level peaks showed that the oxide layer (native and after anodic passivation) on CrCoNi consisted mainly of Cr oxides, while the oxide layer on CrMnFeCoNi was primarily composed of a mixture of Cr and Fe oxides. In addition, XPS was utilized to assess the oxide layer thicknesses. These results were compared to the thicknesses obtained by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with both approaches yielding values up to about 4 nm depending on the electrolyte and the alloy. Cyclic polarization measurements indicated superior corrosion resistance of CrCoNi in both aqueous environments compared to CrMnFeCoNi, as well as to AISI 304 stainless steel.