Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (2059) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (2016)
- Deutsch (40)
- Mehrsprachig (2)
- Portugiesisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Additive manufacturing (64)
- Fluorescence (55)
- SAXS (46)
- Nanoparticles (45)
- Concrete (37)
- MALDI-TOF MS (36)
- Quantum yield (36)
- Corrosion (35)
- Mechanochemistry (29)
- Polylactide (28)
- Ultrasound (28)
- Laser beam welding (26)
- Microstructure (25)
- Nanoparticle (24)
- Raman spectroscopy (24)
- Sensor (24)
- Lifetime (23)
- Mechanical properties (23)
- Quality assurance (23)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (23)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (22)
- Non-destructive testing (22)
- Additive Manufacturing (21)
- Synthesis (21)
- Dye (20)
- Photophysics (18)
- Imaging (17)
- Machine learning (17)
- Nano (17)
- Computed tomography (16)
- Laser powder bed fusion (16)
- Residual stress (16)
- Reference material (15)
- Thermography (15)
- XPS (15)
- Cancer (14)
- Electrochemistry (14)
- Hydrogen (14)
- Mass spectrometry (14)
- Nanomaterial (14)
- Simulation (14)
- Steel (14)
- Structural health monitoring (14)
- Alkali-activated materials (13)
- Catalysis (13)
- Crystallization (13)
- Fatigue (13)
- NIR (13)
- Photoluminescence (13)
- Scattering (13)
- X-ray computed tomography (13)
- Immunoassay (12)
- LIBS (12)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (12)
- Monitoring (12)
- Polymer (12)
- Polymers (12)
- Welding (12)
- AFM (11)
- Ectoine (11)
- ICP-MS (11)
- In situ (11)
- Leaching (11)
- Luminescence (11)
- Soil (11)
- X-ray diffraction (11)
- X-ray scattering (11)
- Creep (10)
- DNA (10)
- Electron microscopy (10)
- Flame retardant (10)
- Graphene (10)
- Lanthanide (10)
- Microscopy (10)
- NDT (10)
- Residual stresses (10)
- Aging (9)
- Biocides (9)
- Circular economy (9)
- EBSD (9)
- Femtosecond laser (9)
- Friction (9)
- Laser ablation (9)
- Mechanism (9)
- Method (9)
- Particle (9)
- Quantum dots (9)
- Solidification cracking (9)
- Spectroscopy (9)
- Ti-6Al-4V (9)
- Tomography (9)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (9)
- Bacteria (8)
- Cement (8)
- Cracks (8)
- Degradation (8)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (8)
- Heat treatment (8)
- High entropy alloy (8)
- Microplastics (8)
- Moisture (8)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (8)
- Nanomaterials (8)
- Phosphorus (8)
- Process monitoring (8)
- Quantification (8)
- Radiation protection (8)
- Reliability (8)
- Reproducibility (8)
- Transmission electron microscopy (8)
- Wear (8)
- XRD (8)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (7)
- Atomic force microscopy (7)
- Bottom ash (7)
- DNA origami (7)
- Durability (7)
- ELISA (7)
- Energy transfer (7)
- Evolution (7)
- Interlaboratory comparison (7)
- MRI (7)
- Mechanical Engineering (7)
- Metals and Alloys (7)
- Metrology (7)
- Nanocomposite (7)
- Neutron diffraction (7)
- Neutron imaging (7)
- Raman (7)
- Reference materials (7)
- SEM (7)
- Sintering (7)
- Standards (7)
- Surface chemistry (7)
- Synchrotron (7)
- Traceability (7)
- Tribology (7)
- Ultrasonic-assisted milling (7)
- XANES (7)
- Affinity chromatography (6)
- Antimicrobial resistance (6)
- Automation (6)
- Biofilm (6)
- Biofilms (6)
- Biomaterials (6)
- CCS (6)
- Calibration (6)
- Characterization (6)
- Coda wave interferometry (6)
- Construction products (6)
- Contrast agent (6)
- Cyclization (6)
- DNA radiation damage (6)
- Density functional theory (6)
- Distributed fiber optic sensing (6)
- EXAFS (6)
- FTIR (6)
- Fiber optics sensors (6)
- Gadolinium (6)
- General Chemistry (6)
- Glass (6)
- Ground vibration (6)
- High-strength steel (6)
- Iron (6)
- Laser metal deposition (6)
- Lithium-ion battery (6)
- MOF (6)
- MOUSE (6)
- Mass Spectrometry (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- Multiplexing (6)
- Mycotoxins (6)
- NEXAFS (6)
- Optical probe (6)
- Oxidation (6)
- PH (6)
- Phase transformation (6)
- Porosity (6)
- Radiography (6)
- Resistance spot welding (6)
- Software (6)
- Structural Health Monitoring (6)
- Struvite (6)
- Surface functionalization (6)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (6)
- Synchrotron radiation (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- TIG welding (6)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (6)
- XRF (6)
- 3D printing (5)
- Analytical Chemistry (5)
- Antikörper (5)
- Artificial neural networks (5)
- BAMline (5)
- Bioinformatics (5)
- Bridge (5)
- Carbon steel (5)
- Catalyst (5)
- Coating (5)
- Composites (5)
- Cone calorimeter (5)
- Core-shell particles (5)
- Corrosion resistance (5)
- Cr(III) (5)
- Creep-resistant steel (5)
- DFT (5)
- Dangerous goods packagings (5)
- Diffraction (5)
- Diffusion (5)
- Dosimetry (5)
- Fatigue strength (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- General Materials Science (5)
- Gold (5)
- Graphene oxide (5)
- ICP-OES (5)
- Industry 4.0 (5)
- Infrared thermography (5)
- Iron oxide (5)
- L-PBF (5)
- LA-ICP-MS (5)
- Laser processing (5)
- Ligand (5)
- Low energy electrons (5)
- MIC (5)
- Material moisture (5)
- Mechanics of Materials (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- Microcracking (5)
- Molecular dynamics (5)
- NMR (5)
- Nitrotyrosine (5)
- Numerical simulation (5)
- Polycondensation (5)
- Polyethylene (5)
- Polymerization (5)
- Porous materials (5)
- Radar (5)
- Radiation damage (5)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (5)
- Ring-opening polymerization (5)
- SWIR (5)
- Sewage sludge (5)
- Silver nanoparticles (5)
- Single particle (5)
- Stainless steel (5)
- Standardization (5)
- Surface integrity (5)
- Texture (5)
- Thermal runaway (5)
- Thick-walled steel (5)
- Toxicity (5)
- Tyrosine (5)
- Validation (5)
- X-ray refraction (5)
- AISI 316L (4)
- Aggregation (4)
- Air pollution (4)
- Alumina (4)
- Antibiotics (4)
- Archaeometry (4)
- Artificial neural network (4)
- BODIPY (4)
- Brightness (4)
- Carbon dioxide (4)
- Carbon nanotubes (4)
- Civil engineering (4)
- Classification (4)
- Complex (4)
- Compressive strength (4)
- Computed Tomography (4)
- Corrosion fatigue (4)
- Crack (4)
- Crystalinity (4)
- DAS (4)
- Damage (4)
- Damage detection (4)
- Data fusion (4)
- Data processing (4)
- Deep learning (4)
- Defects (4)
- Diffusible hydrogen (4)
- Digital image correlation (4)
- Digitalization (4)
- Distributed fiber sensing (4)
- Distributed vibration sensing (4)
- Ectoin (4)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (4)
- Environmental Chemistry (4)
- Escherichia coli (4)
- Fertilizer (4)
- Finite element analysis (4)
- Finite element method (4)
- Food (4)
- Fungi (4)
- Gas chromatography (4)
- Geant4 (4)
- General Medicine (4)
- Geosynthetics (4)
- HPLC (4)
- Halomonas elongata (4)
- Hardness (4)
- Heat accumulation (4)
- High alloyed steel (4)
- Hybrid laser arc welding (4)
- Hybrid laser-arc welding (4)
- Hydrolysis (4)
- Hyperbranched (4)
- IgG (4)
- In situ measurement (4)
- In situ monitoring (4)
- Inconel 718 (4)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (4)
- Isotope ratio (4)
- Kinetics (4)
- LC-MS/MS (4)
- Lab-on-a-chip (4)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (4)
- MALDI TOF MS (4)
- Materials Chemistry (4)
- Measurement uncertainty (4)
- Medium entropy alloy (4)
- Metaproteomics (4)
- Microdosimetry (4)
- Model updating (4)
- Modelling (4)
- Mycotoxin (4)
- Nanocomposites (4)
- Nanostructures (4)
- Neutron scattering (4)
- Nickel (4)
- Nitration (4)
- Nondestructive testing (4)
- Numerical modeling (4)
- Ontology (4)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (4)
- PFAS (4)
- Plastic deformation (4)
- Pollen (4)
- Pollution (4)
- Polyglycerol (4)
- Protein (4)
- Quality control (4)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (4)
- Radical scavenger (4)
- Raman microspectroscopy (4)
- Recycling (4)
- Regulation (4)
- Reinforced concrete (4)
- Residual Stress (4)
- Rheology (4)
- Rubber (4)
- SERS (4)
- Sample preparation (4)
- Scanning electron microscopy (4)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- Signal processing (4)
- Small-angle scattering (4)
- Standardisation (4)
- Stress relief cracking (4)
- Surface (4)
- Synergy (4)
- Termites (4)
- Thin films (4)
- Titanium dioxide (4)
- ToF-SIMS (4)
- UV radiation (4)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (4)
- Ultrasonic testing (4)
- Upconversion (4)
- VOC (4)
- Virulence (4)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (4)
- 316L (3)
- AGIL (3)
- Acid resistance (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Advanced materials (3)
- Ageing (3)
- Allergy (3)
- Alloy 36 (3)
- Aluminium (3)
- Amino acid analysis (3)
- Amyloid (3)
- Analytical methods (3)
- Antibody (3)
- Artificial Intelligence (3)
- Bead (3)
- Benchmarking (3)
- Binder Jetting (3)
- Biosensing (3)
- Bisphenol A (3)
- Boehmite (3)
- Brain (3)
- Building and Construction (3)
- Building materials (3)
- C-F bond activation (3)
- C-OTDR (3)
- CALPHAD (3)
- Carbon (3)
- Cement hydration (3)
- Ceramic (3)
- Ceramics (3)
- Ceramics and Composites (3)
- Certification (3)
- Chemical analysis (3)
- Chromatography (3)
- Cocrystal (3)
- Compatible solute (3)
- Composite (3)
- Compression set (3)
- Condensed Matter Physics (3)
- Copper (3)
- Core-shell (3)
- Corrosion Fatigue (3)
- Corrosion testing (3)
- Crack evolution (3)
- Crack propagation (3)
- Cracking (3)
- Crystal (3)
- Crystal plasticity (3)
- Crystals (3)
- Cytotoxicity (3)
- DED (3)
- DFG SPP 2005 (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Debye–Waller factor (3)
- Deep penetration (3)
- Defect detection (3)
- Diagnostics (3)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (3)
- Digital detector array (DDA) (3)
- Direct laser writing (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- Distributed sensing (3)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (3)
- Duplex stainless steels (3)
- EPDM (3)
- Ecology (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Embedded sensors (3)
- Emission test chamber (3)
- Energetic materials (3)
- Energy label (3)
- Epoxy (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Excitation power density (3)
- Extracellular matrix (3)
- FAIR (3)
- FEM (3)
- FRET (3)
- Fatigue crack propagation threshold (3)
- Fe-N-C catalysts (3)
- Fire (3)
- Fire protection (3)
- Fire resistance (3)
- Fire test (3)
- Flame retardancy (3)
- Flame retardants (3)
- Flexible crystals (3)
- Fluidics (3)
- Fluoride (3)
- Food analysis (3)
- Fracture mechanics (3)
- Fuel cells (3)
- Gadofosveset (3)
- Geant4-DNA (3)
- Geotextiles (3)
- Giant magnetoresistance (3)
- HRMS (3)
- Hausner ratio (3)
- High entropy alloys (3)
- High temperature (3)
- High-density polyethylene (3)
- High-entropy alloys (3)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (3)
- High-throughput (3)
- Human serum (3)
- Hydration (3)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (3)
- Hydroxyectoine (3)
- Impurities (3)
- Infrared spectroscopy (3)
- Inspection (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Internal defects (3)
- Interphase (3)
- Isotope dilution (3)
- Kikuchi patterns (3)
- Lamb waves (3)
- Lanthanides (3)
- Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) (3)
- Laser thermography (3)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (3)
- Liquid metal embrittlement (3)
- Lithium (3)
- MALDI (3)
- Machine Learning (3)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Metal phosphonate (3)
- Method development (3)
- Methodology (3)
- Micro-computed tomography (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microfluidics (3)
- Microwave (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Moisture transport (3)
- Molecular imaging (3)
- Molecular imprinting (3)
- Monoclonal antibody (3)
- Multiple crack propagation (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- NMR relaxometry (3)
- Nanopartikel (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Nanotechnology (3)
- Neutron tomography (3)
- Niobium carbide (3)
- Nucleation (3)
- Numerical modelling (3)
- Optical spectroscopy (3)
- Osmoadaptation (3)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (3)
- Ozone (3)
- PCA (3)
- PMMA (3)
- Papyrus (3)
- Peptide (3)
- Peptides (3)
- Permeability (3)
- Phase distribution (3)
- Phase-field simulation (3)
- Phenylalanine (3)
- Phonons (3)
- Photocatalysis (3)
- Pitting (3)
- Polycarbonate (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polyurethane (3)
- Post weld heat treatment (3)
- Post-weld heat treatment (3)
- Precipitation (3)
- Process Analytical Technology (3)
- Process Industry (3)
- Proper generalized decomposition (3)
- Protein A (3)
- Prozessanalytik (3)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3)
- Reconstruction algorithm (3)
- Reference Material (3)
- Resource efficiency (3)
- Roughness (3)
- SSB (3)
- Safety characteristics (3)
- Screening (3)
- Self-assembly (3)
- Sensitization (3)
- Sensors (3)
- Shape memory polymer (3)
- Sift-proofness (3)
- Single particle ICP-MS (3)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (3)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (3)
- Smart structures (3)
- Solid state NMR (3)
- Solubility (3)
- Spalling (3)
- Strength (3)
- Stress relaxation (3)
- Submerged arc welding (3)
- Super resolution (3)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (3)
- Sustainability (3)
- Switch (3)
- TEM (3)
- Temperature (3)
- Tensile properties (3)
- Termite (3)
- Teststreifen (3)
- Thermal desorption (3)
- Thermal expansion (3)
- Thermodynamics (3)
- Thermoelectrics (3)
- Thermoplastics (3)
- Topas (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transcriptomics (3)
- Transesterification (3)
- Transformation products (3)
- UL 94 (3)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (3)
- Uncertainty (3)
- Upscaling (3)
- Value of information (3)
- Varestraint test (3)
- Viscosity (3)
- Volatile organic compounds (3)
- WAAM (3)
- Weathering (3)
- Weld pool shape (3)
- Wood Protection (3)
- X-ray imaging (3)
- XANES spectroscopy (3)
- XAS (3)
- XCT (3)
- Zinc (3)
- Zirconia (3)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D-printing (2)
- AAA (2)
- AAS (2)
- AISI 304L (2)
- Ab initio (2)
- Absolute isotope ratio (2)
- Accelerated testing (2)
- Acoustic emission (2)
- Acoustic sensing (2)
- Acoustic-flow interaction (2)
- Active thermal imaging (2)
- Additive manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Advanced high strength steels (2)
- Aeroacoustics (2)
- Affinitätschromatographie (2)
- Aggregation induced emission (2)
- Air sampling (2)
- Algorithms (2)
- Alkali silica reaction (2)
- Alkali zinc borate glasses (2)
- Alloy modification (2)
- Aluminum alloys (2)
- Aluminum diethylphosphinate (2)
- Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) (2)
- Amorphization (2)
- Amorphous carbon (2)
- Amoxicillin (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Amphiphilicity (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Angle of repose (2)
- Anode (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Aqueous solution (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Artificial ageing (2)
- Artificial intelligence (2)
- Assay (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Atmospheric boundary layer (2)
- Atomic weight (2)
- Atomistic models (2)
- Au (2)
- AuNP (2)
- Austenite-to-martensite transformation (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automated synthesis (2)
- Axial force (2)
- BESSY (2)
- BOFDA (2)
- Bacterial attachment (2)
- Ball milling (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Bassanite (2)
- Bauprodukte (2)
- Baustoffrecycling (2)
- Bead-based assay (2)
- Behavior and Systematics (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Beta decay (2)
- Betatron (2)
- Beton (2)
- Bio-SAXS (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Bioactive glass (2)
- Bioactivity (2)
- Bioceramics (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Bioconjugation (2)
- Biodeterioration (2)
- Biodiesel (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- Biotests (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Black fungi (2)
- Black yeast (2)
- Bonding Analysis (2)
- Borehole (2)
- Brachytherapy (2)
- Bragg-edge imaging (2)
- Brillouin (2)
- Brillouin distributed sensing (2)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- Bulge effect (2)
- Bulk metallic glasses (2)
- Bus interior materials (2)
- CCUS (2)
- CO2 (2)
- CONSENS (2)
- Calcined clay (2)
- Calcium carbonate (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Cannibalism (2)
- Carbide (2)
- Carbon capture and storage (2)
- Carbon fibers (2)
- Carbonation (2)
- Carrier protein (2)
- Cells (2)
- Cellular internalization (2)
- Cellular solids (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Cement matrix (2)
- Ceramic matrix composites (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Charring (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Chemisorption (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Chloride (2)
- Chlorides (2)
- Chlorine (2)
- Civil and Structural Engineering (2)
- Clustered nanoparticles (2)
- Clustering (2)
- Coatings and Films (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) (2)
- Collagen (2)
- Colourants (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Comparability (2)
- Condition monitoring (2)
- Conformation (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Contact resonance (2)
- Convolutional neural network (2)
- Coptic (2)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (2)
- Core−shell particles (2)
- Corrosion protection (2)
- Cosolute (2)
- Coulomb explosion (2)
- CrCoNi (2)
- CrMnFeCoNi (2)
- Crack depth (2)
- Crack detection (2)
- Critical strain (2)
- Crop protection products (2)
- Cross-linking (2)
- Crystal orientation (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Crystallographic texture (2)
- Cultural heritage (2)
- Cuprorivaite (2)
- Cyclic (2)
- Cyclic R-curve (2)
- Cyclic loading (2)
- DFT calculation (2)
- DIRECTT (2)
- DMSO (2)
- DOPO (2)
- DSC (2)
- DVS (2)
- Data Fusion (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Data preparation (2)
- Data science (2)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Delamination (2)
- Delta scale (2)
- Density separation (2)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Dentistry (2)
- Depletion force (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Design of experiment (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Destructive testing (2)
- Detection (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (2)
- Digestion (2)
- Digital Twins (2)
- Digital image correlation (DIC) (2)
- Digital radiography (2)
- Digitalisation (2)
- Dimerization (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Directed Energy Deposition (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Disposal (2)
- Dissolution (2)
- Distortion (2)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (2)
- Distributed humidity sensing (2)
- Distributed strain sensing (2)
- Dityrosine (2)
- Documentation (2)
- Dothideomycetes (2)
- Dripping (2)
- Drop test (2)
- Dual sensing (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- Dynamic loads (2)
- Dynamic test (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Ecodesign (2)
- Ecotoxicity (2)
- Eddy current testing (2)
- Editorial (2)
- Education (2)
- Egyptian blue (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Elastomers (2)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2)
- Electrochemical methods (2)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support (2)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (2)
- Electron beam melting (2)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (2)
- Electronic (2)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Embedded humidity sensors (2)
- Emission spectroscopy (2)
- Encapsulation (2)
- Endocrine disruptor (2)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (2)
- Energy deposit (2)
- Energy dispersive diffraction (2)
- Energy efficiency (2)
- Enhancement (2)
- Entomopathogen (2)
- Environment (2)
- Environmental conditions (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (2)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (2)
- Epoxy resin (2)
- Esterification (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Europium (2)
- Evaporation (2)
- Evaporite rock (2)
- Expandable graphite (2)
- Explicit dynamics (2)
- FPLC (2)
- FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Fatigue damage (2)
- Fatigue tests (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Fe L3 edge absorption spectra (2)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (2)
- Femtosecond laser processing (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Ferumoxytol (2)
- Fiber optic sensors (2)
- Fiber orientation (2)
- Fiber-optic sensors (2)
- Finite element simulation (2)
- Fire behaviour (2)
- Fire statistics (2)
- Flame inhibition (2)
- Flammability (2)
- Flow properties (2)
- Flowability (2)
- Fluoreszenz (2)
- Fluorides (2)
- Foaming (2)
- Force-distance curves (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Forsterite (2)
- Fracture (2)
- Frequency analysis (2)
- Fuel Cells (2)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (2)
- Full penetration (2)
- Functionalized graphene (2)
- G5P (2)
- GFRP (2)
- GMA welding (2)
- GVP (2)
- Gap bridgeability (2)
- Gas analysis (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- Gas explosion (2)
- Gas metal arc welding (2)
- Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) (2)
- Gel electrolytes (2)
- Gel electrophoresis (2)
- Gel-type electrolytes (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- Geology (2)
- Geometrical effect (2)
- Geophysics (2)
- Geothermal (2)
- Geruchsmessung (2)
- Glass powder (2)
- Glass transition (2)
- Glyphosate (2)
- Gold Nanoparticles (2)
- Grain boundaries (2)
- Grain refinement (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- Growth kinetics (2)
- Gut microbiota (2)
- Gypsum (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HIP (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- HTS (2)
- Halophilic bacteria (2)
- Hapten (2)
- Hardmetal (2)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Heat control (2)
- Heat transfer (2)
- Helium (2)
- Heterogeneity (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- High Alloyed Steel (2)
- High strength steel (2)
- High strength steels (2)
- High-performance concrete (2)
- High-power laser beam welding (2)
- High-strength structural steel (2)
- Hot cracking (2)
- Hot stamping (2)
- Human behaviour (2)
- Humidity (2)
- Hybrid metrology (2)
- Hybrid mixtures (2)
- Hybridoma (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- Hydrogen Embrittlement (2)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydrogen storage (2)
- Hydrogen-assisted cracking (2)
- Hydroxyl radical (2)
- Hydroxyl radicals (2)
- ISO/IEC 27001 (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Image quality (2)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunogen (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Immunosensor (2)
- Impact simulation (2)
- Impact target (2)
- Implant test (2)
- In-situ (2)
- In-vivo (2)
- Incineration bottom ash (2)
- Indium phosphide (2)
- Indoor air (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Information security (2)
- Initial crack size (2)
- Ink analysis (2)
- Insect biotechnology (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Inter layer time (2)
- Interface (2)
- Interfacial shear strength (2)
- Intumescence (2)
- Intumescent coating (2)
- Ionic liquid (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionizing radiation (2)
- Ionizing radiation damage (2)
- Irradiation (2)
- Isogeometric analysis (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- Joint sparsity (2)
- Keratin (2)
- LC-MS (2)
- LEE (2)
- LIF (2)
- LPBF (2)
- Label (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (2)
- Laser beam melting (2)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (2)
- Laser energy distribution (2)
- Laser hybrid welding (2)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (2)
- Laser-induced oxide layer (2)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (2)
- Lateral flow assay (2)
- Lattice distortion (2)
- Lattice misfit (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Lattice structures (2)
- Layered double hydroxide (2)
- Layered soil (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leaching tests (2)
- Lead borate glasses (2)
- Lead ions (2)
- Leather (2)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnungen (2)
- Lethal dose (2)
- Life cycle assessment (2)
- Life sciences (2)
- Limit of detection (2)
- Lipidomic profile (2)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Liquid phase sintering (2)
- Lithium-ion batteries (2)
- Livermore model (2)
- Local structure (2)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (2)
- Low transformation temperature (LTT) steel (2)
- Low-cost (2)
- Lubricants (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- MC-ICP-MS (2)
- MCS (2)
- Magnesium (2)
- Magnesium hydroxide (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Magnetic properties (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Management system standard (2)
- Manuscripts (2)
- Marine littering (2)
- Martensitic stainless steels (2)
- Maschinelles Lernen (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Material flow analysis (2)
- Materials (2)
- Materials Characterization (2)
- Materials characterization (2)
- Materials informatics (2)
- Mauerwerkbruch (2)
- Mechanical property (2)
- Medical implants (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesoporous materials (2)
- Metabolic stress (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metal (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (2)
- Metallic glasses (2)
- Methane (2)
- Metrologie (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microarray (2)
- Microbeads (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microcolonial fungi (2)
- Microstrucrue Design (2)
- Microstructural characterization (2)
- Microstructure Design (2)
- Microstructure characterization (2)
- Mikrofluidik (2)
- Mikroplastik (2)
- Milling (2)
- Mitigation (2)
- Mixed ink (2)
- Mixture toxicity (2)
- Model (2)
- Modular Production (2)
- Modulus (2)
- Molecular Dynamics (2)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2)
- Monolithic column (2)
- Monte Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multi-principal element alloys (2)
- Multidisciplinary (2)
- Multiphoton lithography (2)
- Multiplex (2)
- Multivariate data analysis (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- NP (2)
- Nanoindentation (2)
- Nanomaterial classification (2)
- Nanometrology (2)
- Nanoparticle concentration (2)
- Nanoscience (2)
- Native oxide (2)
- Neural network (2)
- Neural networks (2)
- Neutron radiography (2)
- Ni (2)
- Nickel-base superalloys (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Niobium carbide (NbC) (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Nitrogen dioxide (2)
- Nitrogen oxides (2)
- Non-Destructive Testing (2)
- Non-destructive Testing (2)
- Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (2)
- Number density (2)
- Numerical process simulation (2)
- OH radical (2)
- OH radical scavenger (2)
- Offshore (2)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (2)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Online monitoring (2)
- Open Science (2)
- Open data (2)
- Open science (2)
- OpenFOAM (2)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Optical detection (2)
- Optical fiber sensor (2)
- Optical flow (2)
- Optical tomography (2)
- Optimization (2)
- Optimization technique (2)
- Organic Chemistry (2)
- Organic contaminants (2)
- Orientation precision (2)
- Origami (2)
- Ostwald ripening (2)
- Oxyfuel (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- P92 (2)
- PBF-LB/M (2)
- PFEM (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PGM-free catalysts (2)
- PIXE (2)
- POD (2)
- Particle scattering (2)
- Particle scattering simulations (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Particles (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Passive RFID (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Penelope model (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Phase diagrams (2)
- Phase transformations (2)
- Phosphates (2)
- Phosphine oxide (2)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Phosphorylated peptides (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Phylogeny (2)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (2)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (2)
- Physics (2)
- Physisorption (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Pigments (2)
- Pipeline steel (2)
- Pitting corrosion (2)
- Plant Science (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Plasma-transferred arc welding (2)
- Plasmid DNA in water (2)
- Plasticity (2)
- Polarity (2)
- Policy making (2)
- Poly(ester urethane) (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Polymer optical fiber (2)
- Polymer optical fibre (2)
- Polymere (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Pore space (2)
- Portland cement (2)
- Post-injection pressure drop (2)
- Powders (2)
- Pre-ignition pressure rise (2)
- Prediction (2)
- Predisposal (2)
- Preferential exclusion (2)
- Preheating (2)
- Probability of detection (2)
- Probe (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Process atmosphere (2)
- Process control (2)
- Production (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Protein G (2)
- Protein nitration (2)
- Protein unfolding (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Proteomics (2)
- Proton conductivity (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Purification (2)
- Purity (2)
- Quality (2)
- Quality Control (2)
- Quality Infrastructure (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Quasicrystal (2)
- RFID sensors (2)
- ROPPOC (2)
- ROS (2)
- Radiation damage to biomolecules (2)
- Radiation therapy (2)
- Radiationtherapy (2)
- Radioactive decay (2)
- Radioactive waste (2)
- Radiolysis (2)
- Raman microscopy (2)
- Random field (2)
- Rapid mass calorimeter (2)
- Ray tracing (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Rectangular cross-section (2)
- Red phosphorus (2)
- Reference (2)
- Reference data (2)
- Refill friction stir spot welding (2)
- Refraction (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Regularization (2)
- Reinforced Concrete (2)
- Remediation (2)
- Renewable Energy (2)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Representative specimens (2)
- Residual stress analysis (2)
- Rice husk ash (2)
- Ring opening polymerization (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Road tankers (2)
- SAFT (2)
- SHM (2)
- SSRT (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Safety (2)
- Salt (2)
- Salts (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Scaffold (2)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (2)
- Screed (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Secondary raw materials (2)
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (2)
- Selective laser melting (2)
- Self-healing (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Semiconductor (2)
- Sensor requirements (2)
- Sensorpartikel (2)
- Sensors in concrete (2)
- Sequence coverage (2)
- Sequential learning (2)
- Serum (2)
- Sewage sludge ash (2)
- Shell (2)
- Short crack propagation (2)
- Short-range order (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Silica (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Silicon carbide (2)
- Silicon nanowires (2)
- Single crystal (2)
- Single molecule (2)
- Single pass welding (2)
- Single-atom catalysts (2)
- Single-source precursors (2)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (2)
- Size (2)
- Sliding simulation (2)
- Smart sensors (2)
- Smoke gas emission (2)
- Sol-gel (2)
- Solid-state batteries (2)
- Solutions (pH, salinity, cosolutes) (2)
- Sorption isotherm (2)
- Space (2)
- Spark plasma sintering (2)
- Spectral induced polarization (2)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Stability (2)
- Stainless Steel (2)
- Steels (2)
- Stimulated Brillouin scattering (2)
- Strain measurement (2)
- Stress corrosion cracking (2)
- Stress intensity factor (2)
- Structural dynamics (2)
- Structural integrity (2)
- Structural sealant glazing (2)
- Structure-property relationship (2)
- Subaerial biofilms (2)
- Substance release (2)
- Sulfur (2)
- Surface analysis (2)
- Surface modification (2)
- Surface plasmon resonance (2)
- Surface roughness (2)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2)
- Surfaces (2)
- Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (2)
- Synthetic Training Data (2)
- Synthetic peptides (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- T-SEM (2)
- TOPAS (2)
- TOPAS-nbio (2)
- TXRF (2)
- Technological innovation system (2)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (2)
- Terrorism (2)
- Test strips (2)
- Tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal analysis (2)
- Thermal conductivity (2)
- Thermal history (2)
- Thermal treatment (2)
- Thermo-responsiveness (2)
- Thermodynamic modelling (2)
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Titanium alloys (2)
- Tool wear (2)
- Torsion (2)
- Train-induced ground vibration (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (2)
- Tribologie (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Triplet-triplet annihilation (2)
- Truss structures (2)
- Tryptophan (2)
- Tubular X-joints (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tumor metabolism (2)
- Two-photon polymerization (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Ultraschall (2)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (2)
- Ultrasonic (2)
- Ultrasonic guided waves (2)
- Ultrasonic imaging (2)
- Upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- Vaporization (2)
- Vehicle-track interaction (2)
- Vickers indentation (2)
- Virology (2)
- Virus (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Volume fraction (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Waste treatment (2)
- Water (2)
- Water analysis (2)
- Weld pool dynamics (2)
- Welding simulation (2)
- Weldments (2)
- Wind energy (2)
- Wind turbine (2)
- Wire arc additive manufacturing (2)
- Wood (2)
- Wood protection (2)
- X-ray (2)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray backscatter imaging (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (XCT) (2)
- X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray tomography (2)
- Yb(III) complex (2)
- Young’s modulus (2)
- ZIF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- ZfP (2)
- Zinc coatings (2)
- Zink (2)
- atomic force microscopy (2)
- cocrystal (2)
- in situ (2)
- magnesium (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- nanoparticle (2)
- ssDNA (2)
- surface modification (2)
- x-ray diffraction (2)
- µ-CT (2)
- Փ-OTDR (2)
- 'Click' reaction (1)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) steel (1)
- 12%Cr steel (1)
- 150th anniversary (1)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (1)
- 1H-NMR (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 20 L-sphere (1)
- 20L-sphere (1)
- 2101 duplex stainless steel (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 2D Materials (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3-dimensional microscopy (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D Scanning (1)
- 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D DCNN) (1)
- 3D microstructure (1)
- 3D-Mikrofluidik (1)
- 3DCP (1)
- 4-Dimensional scanning transmission (1)
- 4D tomographic data (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- 9% Ni Steel (1)
- 9%Ni steel (1)
- 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide; DOPO (1)
- A key interface (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- ABS (1)
- AC magnetic field (1)
- ACEnano (1)
- ACEnet (1)
- ADC (1)
- ADMM (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AFM cantilever vibration (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AFM intermittent contact (1)
- AFm phase (1)
- AGE (1)
- AHSS (1)
- AHTN (1)
- AHTN-COOMe (1)
- AIE (1)
- AIS (1)
- AM feature integration (1)
- ANFO (1)
- API molecule (1)
- ASR (1)
- ASR modelling (1)
- ASR-Sensitive Aggregate (1)
- ASTM E647 (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- ATZ (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Aautomatisation (1)
- Ab initio Simulation (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Ab initio simulation (1)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Abbildungsverfahren (1)
- Abdichtbauwerk / Verschlussbauwerk (1)
- Aberfan flowslide (1)
- Absolute dose (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorption correction (1)
- Abuse testing (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Academic Software (1)
- Academic genealogy (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Accelerated carbonation (1)
- Accelerated concrete prism test (1)
- Acceleration sensors (1)
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (1)
- Accoustic emission (1)
- Accreditation (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acetic acid (1)
- Acetylation (1)
- Acid attack (1)
- Acid-leaching (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acidity (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acoustic emission analysis (1)
- Acoustic emission monitoring (1)
- Acoustic resonance (1)
- Acoustic test (1)
- Acoustical damping (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Acousto-optic effect (1)
- Acoustoelasticity (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Activation energy (1)
- Active polymer (1)
- Active site density (1)
- Active thermography (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive importance sampling (1)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Additive Manufacture (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Additive manufactured Ni-base superalloys (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Adjuvantien (1)
- Adoption (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Adsorbed water layer thickness (1)
- Adsorbtion (1)
- Adsorption of pyridine (1)
- Adulteration (1)
- Adulteration detection (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced calorimetry (1)
- Advanced high-strength steel (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Aerial robot olfaction (1)
- Aeroallergens (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Aerospace applications (1)
- Affinity (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinitätsextraktion (1)
- Aflatoxin (1)
- Ag (1)
- Ag nanoparticles (1)
- Ag-LDI-MS (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agar (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Aggregation-induced emission (1)
- Aggressive environments (1)
- Agricultural by-product (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air conditioner (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air quality monitoring (1)
- Air-based (1)
- Air-conditioning (1)
- Air-coupled transducers (1)
- Airport (1)
- Akaike information criterion picker (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Aktivkohle (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-alloy (1)
- Al/SiO2 composite (1)
- Al2O3 (1)
- AlCl (1)
- AlMg0.7SiTiB filler wire (1)
- AlSi10Mg (1)
- AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- Alanine scan (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Algal toxins (1)
- Alkali Activated Concrete (1)
- Alkali aggregate reaction (1)
- Alkali aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) (1)
- Alkali-activated (1)
- Alkali-activated binders (1)
- Alkali-activated building materials (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline brines (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alkalis (1)
- Alkali–silica reaction (1)
- Alkyd resin-based coating (1)
- Allergene (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Alloy Safety (1)
- Alloy design (1)
- Alloy microstructure (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alternative Energieträger (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloys (1)
- Aluminium fluorides (1)
- Aluminium hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium teflates (1)
- Aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum Alloy Aging (1)
- Aluminum alloy (1)
- Aluminum bronze (1)
- Aluminum diethyl phosphinate (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) (1)
- Alveolar-capillary coculture model (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Al‐Cu‐Li‐alloy (1)
- Al–Si metal matrix composites (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ammonium polyphosphate (1)
- Amorphous materials (1)
- Amorphous silica (1)
- Amphiphilic dumbbells (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Anaerobic pathways (1)
- Analysis technique (1)
- Analytic signal (1)
- Analytical calculation (1)
- Analytical model (1)
- Analytical quality assurance (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Analytical screening techniques (1)
- Analyzer-Based Imaging (1)
- Anatoxin-a (1)
- Anatoxin-a(s) (1)
- Ancestor of opportunistic pathogens & lichens (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Angle measurement (1)
- Angle wedge (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Animal immune system (1)
- Animal slurry (1)
- Anion recognition (1)
- Anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anodic oxidation (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Anosteocytic bone (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Antenna effect (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Anti-corrosion coatings (1)
- Anti-counterfeiting (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody coating (1)
- Antibody drug conjugate (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody labeling (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling surface (1)
- Antigen (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antimicrobial coating (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimicrobial test (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Antiphase boundary (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- App (1)
- Application (1)
- Applications (1)
- Approximant (1)
- Aptamere (1)
- Aqdditive manufacturing (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Aqueous media (1)
- Aqueous quantum dot (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Aquifer fluid (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Argon (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Array (1)
- Arrhenius (1)
- Arrhenius equation (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Art restauration (1)
- Arthoniomycetes (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial cells (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Artificial potential field (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Arzneistoffe (1)
- As-built LPBF IN718 alloy (1)
- Ash content (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Asphalt (1)
- Asymmetric flow filed-flow fractionation (1)
- Asymmetric supercapacitor (1)
- Asymptotic local approach (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atmospheric corrosion (1)
- Atmospheric exposure (1)
- Atmosphärische Korrosion (1)
- Atom catalysts (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic Scale (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic force microscope (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Attenuation (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic alloys (1)
- Austenitic stainless steel (1)
- Austenitic stainless steels (1)
- Austenitic steel 316L (1)
- Auswaschung (1)
- Autoantibodies (1)
- Automated Bragg angle determination (1)
- Automated Data Evaluation (1)
- Automated Modal Analysis for Tracking Structural Change during Construction and Operation Phases (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated expansion measurement (1)
- Automated manufacturing (1)
- Automated operational modal analysis (1)
- Automated scanning systems (1)
- Automatic Segmentation (1)
- Automatic segmentation (1)
- Automotive (1)
- Automotive braking (1)
- Automotive engineering (1)
- Automotive industry (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Axle (1)
- Axle box measurements (1)
- Axle inspection (1)
- Axle sequence (1)
- Ayesian models (1)
- Aza-BODIPY (1)
- Azide-terminated surfaces (1)
- BAM (1)
- BAM SynthCOND (1)
- BAM SynthMAT (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BDP (1)
- BEMMA (1)
- BLEVE (1)
- BODIPY dyes (1)
- BODIPY probe (1)
- BODIPY-Farbstoffe (1)
- BODIPYs (1)
- BOTDA (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- BPF-LB/M (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Background processing (1)
- Backlight (1)
- Backscattered electrons (1)
- Backscattering (1)
- Bacteria detection (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Bacterial milking (1)
- Bacterial second messenger (1)
- Bags (1)
- Bainitischer Schmiedestahl (1)
- Banana (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Base isolation (1)
- Basic spatial resolution (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Batch fermentation (1)
- Batch reactions (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bathyarchaeia (1)
- Battery (1)
- Battery Safety (1)
- Battery characterization (1)
- Baustoffe (1)
- Baustoffuntersuchungen (1)
- Bauteilauslegung (1)
- Bauwerksüberwachung (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bayesian Inference (1)
- Bayesian hierachical modelling (1)
- Bayesian technique (1)
- Bayesian updating of stress ranges (1)
- Bead injections (1)
- Bead-on-plate welds (1)
- Beam oscillation (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Behavioural mechanisms (1)
- Behmite (1)
- Belastungstest (1)
- Belastungsversuch (1)
- Bell (1)
- Bell pepper (1)
- Bench-scale fire resistance (1)
- Benchmarking study (1)
- Benchtop NMR (1)
- Bending (1)
- Bending mechanism (1)
- Bending modulus (1)
- Bending test (1)
- Beneficial microbes (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Benzin (1)
- Benzothiadiazole (1)
- Benzoxadiazole dyes (1)
- Berry phase (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bet v 1 (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Betonbeschichtung (1)
- Betonschwellen (1)
- Betriebsfestigkeit (1)
- Betula pendula (1)
- Bewehrung (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bifunctional 2D nanomaterials (1)
- Bifunctional MgF2 (1)
- Bildqualität (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Binary gas mixture (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binder jetting (1)
- Binders (1)
- Binders/binding (1)
- Binding molecule (1)
- Bingham fluid (1)
- Bio active ceramic (1)
- Bio-based concrete (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- BioSAXS (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Bioactive Glass (1)
- Bioactive bone grafting material (1)
- Bioanalysis (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Biobased polymers (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biocidal product (1)
- Biocidal products (1)
- Biocide tolerance (1)
- Bioconjugate (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodegradable (1)
- Biodegradable implant (1)
- Biodeterioration and biodegradation (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Bioeconomy (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Bioerosion (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofouling (1)
- Biofuel cells (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biokunststoff (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biological structure (1)
- Biological techniques (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomedical engineering (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Biomolecules (1)
- Biopolymer (1)
- Biopolyol (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensor development (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotic environment (1)
- Biotic weathering (1)
- Biotoxins (1)
- Biozidprodukte (1)
- Biphasic calcium phosphate (1)
- Biphasic growth (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Birch pollen allergen (1)
- Bis([dimethoxyphosphoryl]methyl) phenyl phosphate (1)
- Bismuth Ferrite (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bistable fluidic amplifier (1)
- Bituminous binders (1)
- Bituminous material (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blade (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Blended learning (1)
- Blends (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Block regularization (1)
- Block-sparsity (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Blue-green algae (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Boltzmann plot (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Bond energy (1)
- Bone grafting (1)
- Bone porosity (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Bone substitutes (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Borate (1)
- Boron compound (1)
- Boron isotope fractionation (1)
- Boron isotopes (1)
- Boron transport (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicatglas (1)
- Borosilikatglas (1)
- Boson peak (1)
- Bound water (1)
- Boundary element (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Bragg angles (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Bragg-edge (1)
- Braking-in-a-turn maneuver (1)
- Brass (1)
- Bravais lattices (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Bridge Monitoring (1)
- Bridge resonance (1)
- Brillouin distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Brillouin sensing (1)
- Brinell hardness (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Bromination (1)
- Bromoadenine (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Bruchmechanik (1)
- Bubble test (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Building material (1)
- Building response (1)
- Building with earth (1)
- Built environment (1)
- Bulge formation (1)
- Bulging (1)
- Bulging effects (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (1)
- Buried interfaces (1)
- Burning behavior (1)
- Burning behaviour (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- C-di-GMP (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CALPHAD database analysis (1)
- CCMat (1)
- CCQM (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- CEA (1)
- CFD (1)
- CFD model (1)
- CFD simulation (1)
- CGHE (1)
- CHC (1)
- CLP-regulation (1)
- CMT welding (1)
- CNTs (1)
- CO2 + n-alkanes (1)
- CO2 pipeline transport (1)
- CO2 quality (1)
- CO2 separation membranes (1)
- CO2-storage (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- COPV (1)
- COST action CA15114 AMICI (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CPD (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CRM (1)
- CRP (1)
- CT simulation (1)
- CUINS2 nanocrystals (1)
- CXC (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cables (1)
- Cabon capture and storage (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caenorhabdtis elegans (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcite (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium alkali orthophosphate materials (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium alkaline orthophosphates (1)
- Calcium carbide method (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Calcium phosphate bone cement (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Calciumfluorid (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration-free analysis (1)
- Caloric effects (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Canny approach (1)
- Cantilever microprobe (1)
- Capacitive methods (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Capillary waves (1)
- Capnodiales (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon black (1)
- Carbon capture storage (1)
- Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (1)
- Carbon cycle (1)
- Carbon dioxide emissions (1)
- Carbon dioxide footprint (1)
- Carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- Carbon dots (1)
- Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (1)
- Carbon fibres (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanodots (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Carbon-based nanomaterials (1)
- Carbonate substrate (1)
- Carbonation behaviour (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cargo sloshing (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier load (1)
- Carrier-Material (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Cascade impactor (1)
- Casein standard (1)
- Casing (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Casting (1)
- Castings (1)
- Catalogues (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cathode active material (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- Ccs (1)
- CdTe quantum dots (1)
- Cell (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell culture media (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cellular structures (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Cellulose synthase (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Cement clinker remnants (1)
- Cement paste (1)
- Cement suspension (1)
- Center of mass (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Ceramic multilayers (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Cermet (1)
- Certified reference materials (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Chaetothyriales (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Chance-risk analysis (1)
- Channeling-in (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterisation techniques (1)
- Characterization and analytical techniques (1)
- Characterization of corrosion layers (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Charge density (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Charged dyes (1)
- Charpy impact toughness (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical admixtures (1)
- Chemical bonds (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemical evolution (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical processes (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemical synthesis (1)
- Chemically Complex Materials (1)
- Chemically complex alloy (1)
- Chemicals classification (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemisches Recycling (1)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometric tools (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chemputer (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chirality (1)
- Chloride binding (1)
- Chloride penetration (1)
- Chloride‐induced corrosion (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chloroanilines (1)
- Chrystal orientation (1)
- Chunky graphite (1)
- Ciaaw.org (1)
- Cimensional Accuracy (1)
- Circular Bio-based Economy (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Circularity (1)
- Circumferential weld (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Citrullinated (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Clearing (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Cleridae (1)
- Clerodin (1)
- Click Chemistry (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Click reaction (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Cloning vectors (1)
- Close proximity to colonies (1)
- Closed vessel combustion (1)
- Co (1)
- Co-Cr-alloy (1)
- Co-firings (1)
- Co2-Storage (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Cobaloxime complex (1)
- Cobalt-chromium alloy (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Cockroaches (1)
- Cocoa (1)
- Coda (1)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (1)
- Codex (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Coherent optical time domain reflectometry (1)
- Cohesive zone (1)
- Coincidence (1)
- Cold cracking (1)
- Cold cracking safety (1)
- Cold to fast neutron testing (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Collection (1)
- Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Colloids (1)
- Color (1)
- Color X-ray camera (1)
- Colour center (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Column percolation (1)
- Columnar crystal growth (1)
- Combinatorial chemistry (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combined finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Combined sewer system (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Commercial acoustic devices (1)
- Commercial metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compact NMR (1)
- Comparative genomics (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Comparison of detectors (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Compatibility evaluation (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complex Molecular Systems (1)
- Complex systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Component test (1)
- Component-like test (1)
- Components influence (1)
- Components of excitation (1)
- Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (1)
- Composite material (1)
- Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (1)
- Composite panel (1)
- Composite structures (1)
- Composites in fire (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Compressed earth (1)
- Compressed sensing (1)
- Compression mechanical (1)
- Compression strength (1)
- Compression stress relaxation (1)
- Compression testing (1)
- Compression tests (1)
- Compressive test (1)
- Computational Materials Science (1)
- Computational fluid dynamics (1)
- Computations (1)
- Computed radiography (CR) (1)
- Computed tomography (CT) (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Computer Tomography (1)
- Computer vision (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Comressed Sensing (1)
- Concentration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concept (1)
- Concrete 3D-printing (1)
- Concrete Carbonation (1)
- Concrete and screed (1)
- Concrete beam (1)
- Concrete bridges (1)
- Concrete deterioration (1)
- Concrete drying (1)
- Concrete evaluation (1)
- Concrete printing (1)
- Concrete repair (1)
- Concrete specimens (1)
- Concrete structures (1)
- Concrete testing (1)
- Condensate (1)
- Condensation particle counter (CPC) (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Conductive carbon tape (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Cone claorimeter (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined catalyst (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conformity assessment (1)
- Conformity assessment body (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conjugation density (1)
- Conjugation ratio (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Consequences (1)
- Conservation of wooden artwork (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Container inspection (1)
- Contaminated soil (1)
- Contaminated soils (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Continuous Processes (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous culture (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Continuous wavelet transform (1)
- Contour scan strategy (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control strategy (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (CNN) (1)
- Coordination (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Copolymer sequence (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Copper Deposition (1)
- Copper sulfide (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Coputed tomography (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Corner echo (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Correlative tomography (1)
- Corresponding relative humidity (1)
- Corrosion costs (1)
- Corrosion investigations (1)
- Corrosion mechanism (1)
- Corrosion monitoring (1)
- Corrosion rate (1)
- Corrosivity category (1)
- Corrugated fibreboard box (1)
- Corrugated fibreboard boxes (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Coupling (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Coverslip seal (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Co−N-Cs (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Crack Detection (1)
- Crack closure effect (1)
- Crack damage detection (1)
- Crack driving force (1)
- Crack healing (1)
- Crack opening displacement (1)
- Crack-tip constraint (1)
- Craze-crack mechanism (1)
- Craze–crack mechanism (1)
- Creep behavior (1)
- Creep damage (1)
- Creep mechanisms (1)
- Creep-fatigue (1)
- Creep-fatigue interaction (1)
- Creep-resisting materials (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Critical chloride content (1)
- Critical energy release rate (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Critical strain rate (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Cross-feeding (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosshole (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cryogenic Vessels (1)
- Cryogenic einvironment (1)
- Cryogenic steel (1)
- Cryogenic temperature (1)
- Crystal branch development (1)
- Crystal growth (1)
- Crystal lattice (1)
- Crystal morphology (1)
- Crystalline admixture (1)
- Crystalline cones (1)
- Crystalline defects (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Crystallization sequence (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- Crystalstructure (1)
- Cu catalysts (1)
- Cucurbituril (1)
- Cumin discrimination (1)
- Cumulative energy demand (1)
- Cupriavidus campinensis (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- Cutting forces (1)
- Cutting tool (1)
- Cuttlefish (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyanotoxins (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic musk (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Cyclic steam oxidation (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic weathering (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cylindrical turning (1)
- Cylindrospermopsin (1)
- Cytocompatibility (1)
- Cytop (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- C–C coupling (1)
- DAMP (1)
- DAR (1)
- DCB geometry (1)
- DED-EB (1)
- DED-arc (1)
- DFA (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DFT simulations (1)
- DFT spectrum simulations (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DHN melanin (1)
- DIN tube furnace (1)
- DLO (1)
- DLP (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMA (1)
- DMD (1)
- DMDHEU (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA origami nanostructures (1)
- DNA polymerase (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA radiosensitizer (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA transfer (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DNPH (1)
- DPA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DSS (1)
- DTAB (1)
- DTGS (1)
- DWV (1)
- Damage Quantification (1)
- Damage analysis (1)
- Damage detection systems (1)
- Damage evolution (1)
- Damage localization (1)
- Damage prediction (1)
- Damage tolerance (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Damages (1)
- Dampfdruck (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Dangerous substance (1)
- Darkfield imaging (1)
- Darkfield microscopy (1)
- Darr method (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Interoperability (1)
- Data Set (1)
- Data correction (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data driven design (1)
- Data evaluation methods (1)
- Data fitting (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data mapping (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Data-driven material design (1)
- Data-driven materials design (1)
- Data-driven quality assurance (1)
- Data-integration (1)
- Database (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- De novo peptide sequencing (1)
- Debinding (1)
- Debonding (1)
- Debonding Mechanism (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller factor (1)
- Debye-Waller-Faktor (1)
- Decachlorotetrasilane (1)
- Decarbonisation (1)
- Decision analysis (1)
- Decision theory (1)
- Decision tree (1)
- Decline (1)
- Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Deep Discharge (1)
- Deep learning segmentation (1)
- Deep learning-based tools (1)
- Deep penetration laser beam welding (1)
- Defect population (1)
- Defect reconstruction (1)
- Definition (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Degradative processes (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Delta isotope standard (1)
- Delta value (1)
- Demolition wastes (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Dendrimersomes (1)
- Dendritic (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Denitrification (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Denoising Deblurring Sharpening (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Density data (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Dental composite materials (1)
- Dental materials (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Dentine (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Detail detection (1)
- Detection of dangerous materials (1)
- Detectors (1)
- Deteriorating structures (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Developing building materials (1)
- Development (1)
- Deviatoric (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide (1)
- Dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide; BPPO (1)
- Dice score (1)
- Dichtheit (1)
- Dichtungen (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Dielectric breakdown (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Dielectrics (1)
- Diesel (1)
- Diesel Particulate Filter Materials (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Dietary adaptation (1)
- Difenoconazole (1)
- Different electrochemical conditions (1)
- Different load cases (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Difficult-to-copy (1)
- Diffraction contrast neutron imaging (1)
- Diffraction elastic constants (1)
- Diffraction peak width (1)
- Diffraction-elastic constants (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusivity (1)
- Diffusons (1)
- Digital Detector Array (DDA) (1)
- Digital Image Correlation (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital detector array (1)
- Digital detectors (1)
- Digital holographic cytometry (1)
- Digital immunoassay (1)
- Digital industrial radiology (1)
- Digital radiology (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digital volume correlation (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitale Radiographie (1)
- Digitale Radiologie (1)
- Digitalisierung der Prozessindustrie (1)
- Digitization of process industry (1)
- Dimensional metrology (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Dipsersive XAS (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Direct laser deposition (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Directed energy deposition (1)
- Directional grain growth (1)
- Disbond (1)
- Discontinuities (1)
- Discrete element method (1)
- Disease (1)
- Disinfection Fuel (1)
- Disinfection by-product (1)
- Dislocation (1)
- Dislocation density (1)
- Dislocations (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Disorientation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersion of nanomaterials (1)
- Dispersive XAS (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Dissimilar joints (1)
- Dissimilar materials (1)
- Dissimilar metal weld (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Distortion upon baseplate removal (1)
- Distributed Acoustic Sensing (1)
- Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensor (1)
- Distributed sensor (1)
- Distributed temperature gradient sensing (1)
- Distributed vibrations sensing (DVS) (1)
- Distribution of relaxation times analysis (1)
- Disulfides (1)
- Ditigtal image correlation (1)
- Dityrosine crosslinking (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Docking (1)
- Domain Ontology Development (1)
- Domain decomposition methods (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Double complex compound (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Double notched creep specimen (1)
- Double-multilayer monochromators (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downburst (1)
- Downhole (1)
- Downstream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Draft Genome (1)
- Drag resistance (1)
- Drawing layers (1)
- Drehrohrofen (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Driving rain (1)
- Driving style (1)
- Druckstabilität (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug-to-antibody ratio (1)
- Dry contact transducers in boreholes (1)
- Dry reforming of methane (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dual phase steel (1)
- Dual-color labeling glycan (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Dual-environment (1)
- Ductile cast iron (1)
- Duplex AISI 2205 (1)
- Duplex stainless steel (1)
- Duplex steels (1)
- Durability assessment (1)
- Durchstrahlungsprüfung (1)
- Dwell periods (1)
- Dwell times (1)
- Dwell-time (1)
- DySEM (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye loading optimisation (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dye release (1)
- Dye-doped fiber (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- Dynamic Bayesian Network (1)
- Dynamic axle loads (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic fracture mechanics (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamic scanning calorimetry (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- Dynamic test method (1)
- Dünnschichttechnik (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- E-nose (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EBAM (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDS (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EDX (1)
- EFQM Excellence Modell (1)
- EFTEM (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EN AW-2618A (1)
- EP-3533 (1)
- EPMA (1)
- EPR (1)
- EPREL (1)
- EPS (1)
- ESCA (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESPR (1)
- EU-CLP (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EURAS (1)
- EVA (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Early oxidation (1)
- Early sulfidation (1)
- Earth block masonry (1)
- Earth material (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Earthquake Monitoring (1)
- Earthquake data (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecological scarcity method (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ecotoxixity (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine excretion (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Eddy-current testing (1)
- Edge quality (1)
- Effect of scanning strategies (1)
- Effective attenuation coefficient (1)
- Effective gas diffusion coefficient (1)
- Effective irradiation dose 0.2-16 [Gy] (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Effusivity (1)
- Egress (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Elastic (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Elastic behavior (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic microstructure (1)
- Elastic modulus (1)
- Elastic properties (1)
- Elastic reverse time migration (1)
- Elastic waves (1)
- Elastin (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Elastodynamic Finite Inegration Technique (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Electric conductivity (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical insulators (1)
- Electrics (1)
- Electro-fused zirconia (1)
- Electrochemical (1)
- Electrochemical CO2 conversion (1)
- Electrochemical behavior (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electrochemical characterisation (1)
- Electrochemical permeation (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electrochromism (1)
- Electrodialysis (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte membrane (1)
- Electromagnetic backing (1)
- Electromagnetic field (1)
- Electromagnetic forces (1)
- Electromagnetic rectification (1)
- Electromagnetic scattering (1)
- Electromagnetic stirring (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support system (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron beam welding (1)
- Electron beam-induced charging (1)
- Electron irradiation (1)
- Electron irradiation 30 [kV] (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic skin (1)
- Electronic structure (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electroosmosis (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrochemilumineszenz (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Element transport (1)
- Elemental analyser (1)
- Elementanalyse (1)
- Elevated temperature (1)
- Ellipsometrie (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Embedded Sensors (1)
- Embedded electronics (1)
- Embedded transducers (1)
- Embedded ultrasonic sensors (1)
- Emergence (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emerging Pollutants (1)
- Emerging infectious disease (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission Anisotropy (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission test method (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- Emisssivity (1)
- Empirical mode decomposition (1)
- Enamel (1)
- Enantiomeric excess ee (1)
- Encapsulation process (1)
- Encoding (1)
- End crater (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endokriner Disruptor (1)
- Endurance Limit (1)
- Endurance limit (1)
- Energetic Materials (1)
- Energy Conversion (1)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology (1)
- Energy consumption (1)
- Energy discrimination (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Engineered barrier (1)
- Engineered barrier system (1)
- Engineered barrier systems (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Engineering data (1)
- Engineering egress data (1)
- Enhanced Imaging (1)
- Enhancement strategy (1)
- Entomopathogenic Fungus (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Entropy noise (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental Science (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental assessment (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental impact categories (1)
- Environmental influence (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Environmental speciation (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme activity (1)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1)
- Epimerization (1)
- Epitaxial thin films (1)
- Epoxies (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Equilibrium relaxation (1)
- Equivalent circuit (1)
- Ergopeptide (1)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Error correction (1)
- Error sources analysis (1)
- Ersatzbaustoff (1)
- Estimation (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Estrogen receptor (ER) (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- Eu (1)
- European Metrology Networks (EMNs) (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- European project (1)
- European regulation (1)
- Eurotiomycetes (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evacuation (1)
- Evaporite deposits (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Exchange interaction (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excimers (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Excitation forces (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Existing Concrete Structures (1)
- Existing structure (1)
- Existing structures (1)
- Exocytosis (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental (1)
- Experimental and numerical techniques (1)
- Experimental determination (1)
- Experimental procedure (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Explosion limit (1)
- Explosionsschutz (1)
- Explosive welding (1)
- Explosiven (1)
- Explosives (1)
- Explosives detection (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Exposure modeling (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Extremotolerance (1)
- F pili (1)
- F-N-diagram (1)
- FAIR Data Management (1)
- FAIR data (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FAME (1)
- FAT class (1)
- FEFF (1)
- FEM Simulation (1)
- FEM simulation (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FFF-filament (1)
- FFF-printing (1)
- FIB patterning (1)
- FIB/SEM slice and view (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FMEA (1)
- FSDC (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR-ATR (1)
- FTIR-ATR Measurements (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Facade (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Factor analysis (1)
- Failure mechanisms (1)
- False-positive results (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Farben (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fatigue Strength (1)
- Fatigue behavior (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue life (1)
- Fatigue limit (1)
- Fatigue properties (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- Fe3Al (1)
- FeNi (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Feedstock powder (1)
- Femtosecond laser patterning (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fenton-like reaction (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron (1)
- Ferritic steels (1)
- Ferritic/martensitic steel (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Ferroelectret (1)
- Ferroelectric (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Ferroic cooling (1)
- Ferromagnetic steel (1)
- Ferrous phosphate hydrate (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Festschrift (1)
- Fetal bovine serum (1)
- Fiber Bragg grating (1)
- Fiber Bragg gratings (1)
- Fiber characterization (1)
- Fiber optic (1)
- Fiber optic sensing (1)
- Fiber optic sensor (1)
- Fiber structuring (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Fiber-optic sensing (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Fiberoptic sensors (1)
- Fibre bragg grating (1)
- Fibre optic sensors (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Field test (1)
- Filler wire (1)
- Filler wire mixing (1)
- Film thickness (1)
- Filter (1)
- Filter effects (1)
- Filtration (1)
- Finish milling (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite element (1)
- Finite element (FE) (1)
- Finite element method (FEM) (1)
- Finite elements (1)
- Finite-element analysis (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Fire retardancy (1)
- Fire retardant (1)
- Fire retardant interlayers (1)
- Fire safety (1)
- Fire spalling (1)
- Fire stability (1)
- Fire tests (1)
- Firing (1)
- First derivative (1)
- Fishmeal (1)
- Fixation (1)
- Flame retardance (1)
- Flame retardant; (1)
- Flange width (1)
- Flash DSC (1)
- Flash thermography (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flat bottom holes (1)
- Flaw detection (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Flexible Magnetic Sensors (1)
- Flexible PU foam (1)
- Flexible car body (1)
- Flexible polyurethane foam (1)
- Flexible waveguide (1)
- Flexible wheelset (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Floor heating (1)
- Flourescence (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-through columns (1)
- Fluidic devices (1)
- Fluor-Substitution (1)
- Fluorescein (1)
- Fluorescence Polarization (1)
- Fluorescence label (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent markers (1)
- Fluorescent microscopy (1)
- Fluorescent optical fiber (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluorescent sensors (1)
- Fluoride catalyst (1)
- Fluoride phosphate glasses (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluorine coordination (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Flux balance analysis (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Flüssigmetallinduzierte Rissbildung (1)
- Flüssigwasserstoff (1)
- Foam (1)
- Foams (1)
- Folding chirality (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Formation (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Formic acid (1)
- Fourier transform spectroscopy (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fractals (1)
- Fractography (1)
- Fracture Mechanics (1)
- Fracture surface analysis (1)
- Fracture surface energy (1)
- Fracture surfaces (1)
- Fracture toughness (1)
- Fragility (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fragmentation pathway (1)
- Frameshift (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Free polymer (1)
- Freeze-thaw attack (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Freilandtest (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Frequency Drift (1)
- Frequency domain (1)
- Fresnoite (1)
- Friction braking (1)
- Friction stir welding (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- Frost salt attack (1)
- Fs-inscription (1)
- Fuel (1)
- Fuel Technology (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Fuel consumption (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Full notch creep test (1)
- Full-field phase tomography (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional Materials (1)
- Functional determinants (1)
- Functional fatigue (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functional monomers (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionality (1)
- Functionalization of fullerenes (1)
- Functionally graded porous structure (1)
- Fungal cell-walls (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Furan derivatives (1)
- Furniture (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- Fusion zone size (1)
- Future‑oriented standards (1)
- G quadruplex (1)
- G quadruplexes (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GDL (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GMAW (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- GPR (1)
- GPS data (1)
- GPU Parallel computing (1)
- GUR (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Galvanic anodes (1)
- Galvanized steel (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma radiation monitoring (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- Gas adsorption (1)
- Gas calibration (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- Gas dispersion (1)
- Gas distribution mapping (1)
- Gas emission (1)
- Gas evolution (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas tomography (1)
- Gas transport in porous media (1)
- Gas-sensitive micro-drone (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gated materials (1)
- Gd-DOTA (1)
- Gd3+ (1)
- Gefahrgutverpackungen (1)
- Gefährdungs- und Risikobeurteilung (1)
- Gel-bound Colorants (1)
- Gelartige Elektrolyte (1)
- Gemcitabine (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- General Chemical Engineering (1)
- General Computer Science (1)
- General Energy (1)
- General Engineering (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Physics and Astronomy (1)
- General analytical solutions (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genome sequencing (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Genotoxicity testing (1)
- Geocomposite drain (1)
- Geoenvironmental engineering (1)
- Geographical origins (1)
- Geogrid (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Geometric Phase (1)
- Geometric deep learning (1)
- Geometric phase (1)
- Geometric phase measurement (1)
- Geometric vehicle and track irregularities (1)
- Geometrical deviation (1)
- Geometrical factors (1)
- Geometrical magnification (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- Geotextile (1)
- Geothermal environment (1)
- Gepulste Ramanspektrometer (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Gesteuerte Freisetzung (1)
- Gesteuerte Materialien (1)
- Gesteuerten Nanopartikeln (1)
- Geteilte Infrastruktur (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Giant magneto resistance (1)
- Giant magneto resistance (GMR) (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Gips (1)
- Github (1)
- Glasmonolith (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Glass fiber-epoxy composites (1)
- Glass fibre (1)
- Glass forming melts (1)
- Glass liner (1)
- Glass manufacturing (1)
- Glass scintillator (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramics (1)
- Glass-ceramics definition (1)
- Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic transport tank (1)
- Gleeble experiments (1)
- Gleisoberbau (1)
- Global ambient vibrations (1)
- Global hydrogen market (1)
- Global radiation (1)
- Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Gnomonic projections (1)
- Goal-oriented (1)
- Gold nanocluster (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gold-Katalyse (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain Boundary Segregation (1)
- Grain Boundary Spinodal (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Grain boundary precipitates (1)
- Grain boundary sliding (1)
- Grain growth (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Grain structure (1)
- Granite (1)
- Granules (1)
- Graph databases (1)
- Graph learning (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene Oxide (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based material (GBM) (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphical model (1)
- Graphite (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Graphite induced hysteresis (1)
- Grass pollen (1)
- Grating interferometry (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Gravity response (1)
- Green facades (1)
- Green light excitation (1)
- Green urban construction (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Grinding (1)
- Ground Penetrating Radar (1)
- Ground motion detection (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Group profile (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Growth-rate homeostasis (1)
- Guanidinium receptors (1)
- Guided Waves (1)
- Guided waves (1)
- Gurson model (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Gyroid lattice (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAZ-softening (1)
- HCF (1)
- HEA (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HF-shuttle (1)
- HNBR (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPLC/MS/MS technique (1)
- HPSEC (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- HTMS (1)
- Hackathon (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Half-Cell Potential Mapping (1)
- Halloysite nanotubes (1)
- Halogen-free (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Hammer impact (1)
- Hard Carbon (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Hard metal (1)
- Hard metals (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hardly separable problem (1)
- Harmful algal bloom (1)
- Harmful algal blooms (1)
- Harsh environment (1)
- Hartmann effect (1)
- Hastelloy X (1)
- Hausmüllverbrennungsasche (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Hazardous chemicals (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Health monitoring (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heat of combustion (1)
- Heat pump (1)
- Heat release (1)
- Heat source models (1)
- Heat-affected zone (1)
- Heat-transfer Measurements (1)
- Heating oil with 10 % FAME (1)
- Heavy chains (1)
- Heavy gas (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Hemihydrate (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- Herbaspirillum seropedicae (1)
- Herpotrichiellaceae (1)
- Heterodyning (1)
- Heusler alloys (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- Hexachlorodisilane (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High - temperature (1)
- High Cycle Fatigue (1)
- High Entropy Alloys (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High ductility (1)
- High energy beam welding (1)
- High energy radiography (1)
- High heat resistance (1)
- High pH (1)
- High power laser beam welding (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High process speeds (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High temperature corrosion (1)
- High temperature oxidation (1)
- High temperatures (1)
- High throughput screening (1)
- High voltage cable accessories (1)
- High-Entropy Alloys (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-energy X-ray imaging (1)
- High-entropy alloy (1)
- High-fired gypsum (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-precision nail penetration (1)
- High-pressure (1)
- High-pressure hydrogen environment (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution transmission in SEM (TSEM) (1)
- High-rise building (1)
- High-strength filler metals (1)
- High-strength low-alloy steel (1)
- High-strength steel filler metal (1)
- High-strength steels (1)
- High-temperature ceramics (1)
- High-temperature corrosion (1)
- High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)
- High-voltage testing (1)
- Highly reinforced concrete (1)
- Highspeed (1)
- High‐nitrogen steel (1)
- High‐temperature corrosion (1)
- Hilbert transform (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Hochfester Stahl (1)
- Hofmeister effect (1)
- Hollow Specimen Technique (1)
- Hollow specimen (1)
- Hollow specimen technique (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Homogenization schemes (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Honeycombing (1)
- Horizontal wind turbine (1)
- Horizontally polarized shear waves (1)
- Hospital premises (1)
- Host and symbiont ecology (1)
- Host guest molecules (1)
- Hot cracking test (1)
- Hot disc method (1)
- Hot electrons (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (1)
- Hot pressing (1)
- Hot storage (1)
- Hot tensile test (1)
- Hot working tool steel (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human error (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human fibroblast growth factors (1)
- Human health (1)
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Humic matter (1)
- Humidity sensing (1)
- Humidity sensor (1)
- Hunting phenomenon (1)
- Hybrid Laser arc Welding (1)
- Hybrid Manufacturing (1)
- Hybrid alkaline cement (1)
- Hybrid cements (1)
- Hybrid composite pressure vessel (1)
- Hybrid manufacturing (1)
- Hybrid monte carlo (1)
- Hybrid repair (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydration stoppage (1)
- Hydrocarbons (1)
- Hydrochemical evolution (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrodynamic model (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogarnet (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen Transfer Film (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen diffusion (1)
- Hydrogen economy (1)
- Hydrogen measurement (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen policies (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrogen safety (1)
- Hydrogen storage tank (1)
- Hydrogen supply (1)
- Hydrogen uptake reproducibility (1)
- Hydrogen-containing gas mixture (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrogen‐induced stress corrosion cracking (1)
- Hydrometallurgie (1)
- Hydrophilicity (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrothermal Ageging (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydrothermal treatment (1)
- Hydrous glass (1)
- Hydroxy warfarin (1)
- Hydroxylellestadite (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- Hygromycin resistance (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- Hypermutation (1)
- Hyperthermia (1)
- Hystersis (1)
- I-shape sections (1)
- IAPV (1)
- IBESS (1)
- IBESS Approach (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- ID-MS (1)
- IEPE (1)
- ILC (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- IN 718 (1)
- IN725 (1)
- INCONEL 718 (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- IRHD microhardness (1)
- ISO 12108 (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- ISO 9223 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- ISRU (1)
- Icing conditions (1)
- Identification (1)
- Identification and quantification of additives (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Ignition (1)
- Ignition sources (1)
- Illite (1)
- Image evaluation (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Image reconstruction (1)
- Image registration (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imaging XPS (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging technique (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immersion oil (1)
- Immobilisierung (1)
- Immunassay (1)
- Immunglobulin (1)
- Immunglobuline (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunoarray (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunoglobulin E (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Impact (1)
- Impact Absorbed Energy (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Impact damage (1)
- Impact echo (1)
- Impact of standards (1)
- Imperceptible electronics (1)
- Implant material (1)
- Implants (1)
- Imprinting (1)
- Impurites (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ synthesis (1)
- In situ tensile test (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-air ranging (1)
- In-house calibration solution (1)
- In-line Monitoring (1)
- In-process monitoring (1)
- In-situ ED-XRD (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In-situ SEM micro shear deformation (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ diffraction (1)
- In-situ phase analysis (1)
- In-situ polymerization (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- In-situ tensile test (1)
- In-situ testing (1)
- Inca (1)
- Inclination angle (1)
- Inconel 625 (1)
- Inconel 686 (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indentation fracture toughness (1)
- Indentation hardness (1)
- Indenter modulus (1)
- Independent test method (1)
- Indicator displacement assay (1)
- Indicators (1)
- Indirect combustion noise (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Individual cell tracking (1)
- Indoor mycobiome (1)
- Induced polarization (1)
- Induction heating (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively‑coupled mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial CT (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Industrial leak testing (1)
- Industrial safety (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inert gases (1)
- Infecting a number of insects, (1)
- Infections (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Information Security (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Information carrier (1)
- Information security management system (ISMS) (1)
- Infraleichtbeton (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Infrastructure monitoring (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Ink (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Inkjet (1)
- Inline Analytics (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Inorganic arsenic (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inorganic impurities (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Inspection design and planning (1)
- Instantaneous wavenumber analysis (1)
- Institutional theory (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Instumented indentation test (1)
- Insulation (1)
- Integrated alignment features (1)
- Intellectual property rights (IPR) (1)
- Intelligent control (1)
- Intelligent tribological material characterization (1)
- Intelligente tribologische Werkstoffcharakterisierung (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Inter-layer time (1)
- Interactions (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interface salt-concrete / rock salt (1)
- Interfaces (1)
- Interfacial Strength (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial strength (1)
- Interferometric spectroscopy (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Intergranular strain (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Interlaboratory test (1)
- Intermittent microplasticity (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Internal friction (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Internal stresses (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Interphase residual stress (1)
- Interpretable machine learning (1)
- Intra-plant isotope variability (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Intrinsic stress (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Intumescent additives (1)
- Invar (1)
- Inverse Design (1)
- Inverse Problem (1)
- Inverse analysis (1)
- Inverse design techniques (1)
- Inverted classroom (1)
- IoT (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ion-exchange membranes (1)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionic porosity (1)
- Ionic stregth (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron aluminide (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron oxides (1)
- Iron reducing bacteria (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron-oxo oligomers (1)
- Irradiation geometry (1)
- Isothermal nucleic acid amplification (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope dilution analysis (1)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1)
- Isotope fractionation (1)
- Isotope mixture (1)
- Isotope reference material (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic fractionation (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Issues (1)
- Iterative method (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Iterative reconstruction (1)
- JMAK model (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- Jahrestag (1)
- Janus dendrimers (1)
- Jet grout (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Joining dissimilar materials (1)
- Joining technology (1)
- Joint grouts (1)
- K-feldspar (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- KCl (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kernel average misorientation (1)
- Keyhole collapse (1)
- Keyhole dynamics (1)
- Keywords: Poly(ether ether ketone) (1)
- Kikuchi bands (1)
- Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Kinetic study (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Klimaveränderung (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Knoevenagel condensation (1)
- Knowledge Graph (1)
- Knowledge Representation (1)
- Knowledge Use (1)
- Knowledge and technology transfer (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Knowledge spillovers (1)
- Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) (1)
- Knudsen diffusion (1)
- Koffein (1)
- Kohäsionsenergie (1)
- Kompost (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kosmotrope (1)
- Kramers-Kronig detector (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kumulierter Exergieaufwand (1)
- L-PBF IN718 material (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LA-ICP-MS based immunoassays (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LBM-DEM (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LCA (1)
- LCC (1)
- LCF (1)
- LET (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LIBS TIG welding (1)
- LL equation (1)
- LLG (1)
- LMD (1)
- LN2 cooling (1)
- LSFD (1)
- LSVEC (1)
- LTCC (1)
- LTT filler metal (1)
- LTT weld filler materials (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Lab-to-field up-scaling (1)
- Lab-to-field upscaling (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Laboratory breeding (1)
- Laboratory energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lache (1)
- Lack-of-fusion (1)
- Lactide (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Laminar burning velocity (LBV) (1)
- Laminate design (1)
- Laminated metallic composites (1)
- Laminates (1)
- Lamé curves (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Landfill capping system (1)
- Landslide propagation modelling (1)
- Langmuir isotherm (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large Aperture Ultrasonic System (1)
- Large Language model (1)
- Large components (1)
- Large test fecility (1)
- Large volume samplers (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Large-scale tests (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser Ablation ICP-MS (1)
- Laser Doppler Vibrometer (1)
- Laser Infrared thermography (1)
- Laser Machining (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Processing (1)
- Laser Thermography (1)
- Laser Welding (1)
- Laser ablation ICP-MS (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (1)
- Laser cladding (1)
- Laser cleaning (1)
- Laser cutting (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser energy absorption (1)
- Laser excitation (1)
- Laser implantation (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser induced plasma deposition (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser powder-bed fusion (1)
- Laser scanner optics (1)
- Laser scanning (1)
- Laser welding (1)
- Laser-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) (1)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laser-metal-deposition (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lastwechsel (1)
- Lateral dynamic displacement (1)
- Lateral resolution (1)
- Lattice distortions (1)
- Lattice parameter determination (1)
- Lattice point density (1)
- Lattice rotation (1)
- Lattice structure (1)
- Laves phase (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Layered manganese oxide (1)
- Layers (1)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (1)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Leaching test (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead identification (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Leak (1)
- Leak detection (1)
- Leak-tightness (1)
- Leakage rate (1)
- Leakproofness (1)
- Leakproofness test (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Lecture films (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- Leichtgranulate (1)
- Lewis Acid (1)
- Lewis superacids (1)
- Lewis/Bronsted (1)
- Li dendrites (1)
- Li dendrites penetration mechanisms (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- LiYF4 (1)
- Library (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Life science (1)
- Life-cycle assessment (1)
- Life-cycle costing (1)
- Lifetime encoding (1)
- Lifetime-encoded beads (1)
- Ligand analysis (1)
- Ligandsubstitution (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Light chains (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Light harvesting (1)
- Light-harvesting (1)
- Lightweight structures (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignin modification (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Limestone powder (1)
- Limit of acceptable consequence (1)
- Limited data (1)
- Lindemann criterion (1)
- Linear array (1)
- Linear elastic fracture mechanics (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Linker (1)
- Lipid Nanodiscs (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquefied Hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied Natural Gas (1)
- Liquefied hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied natural gas (1)
- Liquid Crystal (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Liquid-metal embrittlement (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (1)
- Lithium aluminosilicates (1)
- Litium Ion Cells (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Lluminescence (1)
- Load identification (1)
- Load tests (1)
- Load transfer (1)
- Local Weld Geometry (1)
- Local approaches (1)
- Local corrosion (1)
- Local critical strain (1)
- Local fatigue spproaches (1)
- Local resonance (1)
- Local wavenumber analysis (1)
- Localised corrosion (1)
- Localization (1)
- Localized laser dispersing (1)
- Localized model order reduction (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Long term monitoring (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Long-term requirements (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Lorentz force (1)
- Lorentz forces (1)
- Loss (1)
- Low Transformation Temperature filler wire (1)
- Low blow (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Low transformation temperature filler wire (1)
- Low-carbon construction (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Low-frequency shaker (1)
- Low-loading (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Lumineszenz (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lunar regolith (1)
- Lupolen (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- L‐PBF (1)
- M-N-C catalysts (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS/MS (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCA-modeling (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MCR (1)
- MDCK cell (1)
- MDFEM (1)
- MEA (1)
- MESG (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MIMO (1)
- MIP (1)
- MLCT (1)
- MLI (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MRT (1)
- MST (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- MVT (1)
- MW-AES (1)
- MWIR (1)
- MYCN (1)
- Maceration (1)
- Machine learning optimization (1)
- Machine learning segmentation (1)
- Machine vision (1)
- Machining (1)
- Macroion/growth factor assemblies (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Macropores (1)
- Macroscopic stress (1)
- Magnesium Alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnesium chloride brine (1)
- Magnesium-gadolinium alloy (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic Methods (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic alloys (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic bath support (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetic field (1)
- Magnetic flux leakage (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clusters (1)
- Magnetic materials (1)
- Magnetic moment (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetic sensor system (1)
- Magnetic sensors (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetic thin films (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magneto-structural transition (1)
- Magnetocaloric effect (1)
- Magnetocaloric materials (1)
- Magnetoeleastic couplin (1)
- Magnetomechanical effect (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Magnéli phase (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Management science and operations research (1)
- Management system standards (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Mapping for unseparable load (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marek's Disease Virus (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Market access (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martensitic steels (1)
- Maskinteknik (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass loss (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Mass-Spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Matching ferritic filler metal (1)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Material Moisture (1)
- Material cassification (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material discrimination (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material engineering (1)
- Material science (1)
- Material sciences (1)
- Material synthesis (1)
- Materials Modelling (1)
- Materials Properties (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials Testing (1)
- Materials analysis (1)
- Materials by design (1)
- Materials chemistry (1)
- Materials database (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matrix influence (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Mean atomic number (1)
- Mean-field modelling (1)
- Measurement Uncertainty (1)
- Measurement campaigns (1)
- Measurement uncertainties (1)
- Measurements (1)
- Mechanical Load (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical analysis (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanical behavior (1)
- Mechanical characterization (1)
- Mechanical flexibility (1)
- Mechanical loading (1)
- Mechanical mismatching (1)
- Mechanical modelling (1)
- Mechanical response (1)
- Mechanical strength (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanical treatment (1)
- Mechanical waves (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanicalproperties (1)
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis (1)
- Mechanistic study (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Mechanochemically synthesis (1)
- Mechanosensitive channel (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medical imaging (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Medium entropy alloys (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Melamine cyanurate (1)
- Melamine polyphosphate (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Melanised microcolonial fungi (MCF) (1)
- Melt dripping (1)
- Melt pool boundary (1)
- Melt pool depth (1)
- Melt pool dynamics (1)
- Melt pool monitoring (1)
- Mercaptans (1)
- Mercury intrusion porosimetry (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Mesh routing (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesofluidics (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Mesoporöse Träger (1)
- Messsysteme (1)
- Messung (1)
- Meta material (1)
- Meta-Omics (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic modeling (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal Organic Frameworks (1)
- Metal additive manufacturing (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal cluster (1)
- Metal halides (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal magnetic memory (1)
- Metal matrix composite (1)
- Metal matrix composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal matrix composites (1)
- Metal mixing (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metal seals (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metal-oxides (1)
- Metallic Glass (1)
- Metallic materials (1)
- Metallic matrix pad (1)
- Metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metals and alloys (1)
- Metal–organic frameworks (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Metamaterials (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 (1)
- Metathesis (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methanol oxidation (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Methylanilines (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metoligotoma (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Micro- and nanocapsules (1)
- Micro-CT (1)
- Micro-CT scanning (1)
- Micro-Raman imaging (1)
- Micro-comuted tomography (µCT) (1)
- Micro-concentrator solar cell (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microalloying influences (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbial simulation, (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) (1)
- Microbially induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological Corrosion (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Microcystins (1)
- Microencapsulated thermochromic pigments (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Microfluidic mixing (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfocus X-ray computer tomography (μCT) (1)
- Microhardness (1)
- Micromagnetism (1)
- Micromechanical model (1)
- Micromechanical modelling (1)
- Micromechanics (1)
- Micrometeorites (1)
- Micromonospora aurantiaca (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic fibers (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastic stress (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microporous polymers (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microspheres (1)
- Microstrain distribution (1)
- Microstructure evolution (1)
- Microstructured fibers (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Middle Pleistocene (1)
- Mild steels (1)
- Miller and Urey (1)
- Millipedes (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Mineral identification (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Mineral paragenesis (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Minimally-invasive parapatellar approach (1)
- Minimum Waiting Time (1)
- Minimum burst pressure (1)
- Minimum energy performance standards (1)
- Mining head gear (1)
- Misalignment of edges (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Missing fragmentation sites (1)
- Missing wedge (1)
- Mitigation strategies (1)
- Mix-design (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixed conductors (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed surface (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- Mixing procedure (1)
- Mn-oxides (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- MoS2 (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Mobile phase (1)
- Mobile robot olfaction (1)
- Mobiles LIBS (1)
- Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS) (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Modal parameters (1)
- Model Predictive Control (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Model calibration (1)
- Model order reduction (1)
- Model order reduction (MOR) (1)
- Model reduction (1)
- Model update (1)
- Modell-Update (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling studies (1)
- Modern (1)
- Modification of structural morphology (1)
- Modified U-Net architectures (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Moisture content (1)
- Moisture distribution (1)
- Moisture measurements (1)
- Molar extinction coefficient determination (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular identification (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular mass distribution (1)
- Molecular recognition at interfaces (1)
- Molecular sieves (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Molten pool (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monitoring strategy (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monoklonal (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monopile support structure (1)
- Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Moon (1)
- Morphological image analysis (1)
- Mortar method (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Mounting medium (1)
- Movement characteristics (1)
- MscS (1)
- Multi photon lithography (1)
- Multi-Offset Array (1)
- Multi-beam track model (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-dimensional reconstruction (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-energy CT (1)
- Multi-hop (1)
- Multi-materials joining (1)
- Multi-omics (1)
- Multi-phase materials (1)
- Multi-physical modelling (1)
- Multi-principal element alloy (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multi-sensor (1)
- Multi-sensor approach (1)
- Multiaxial deformation (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multidimensional technology adoption (1)
- Multifuncitonal material systems (1)
- Multigene phylogeny (1)
- Multilayer Insulation (1)
- Multilayer graphene (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multilaysers (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multimodal analysis (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multiple principal element alloy (1)
- Multiple reflections (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiple-layered scaffold (1)
- Multiplexed assay (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Multiscale methods (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariat (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate evaluation (1)
- Multivariate methods (1)
- Multi‐component diffusion (1)
- Muon (1)
- Murchison meteorite (1)
- Mushrooms (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesive systems (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- Mössbauer (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- Mössbauer spectroscopy (1)
- Mössbauer study (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- M−N/Cs (1)
- N2-stripping (1)
- NAT (1)
- NDE (1)
- NGS (1)
- NH3-TPD (1)
- NHS (1)
- NHS-Ester (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR dyes (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- NIR-I (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMC Cathode (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NSE (1)
- NaI (1)
- Nachrechnung (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nano Particles (1)
- Nano particles (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-materials (1)
- Nano-powder (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanocorrosion of aluminium and silicon (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanomechanics (1)
- Nanon (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopatricle (1)
- Nanophotonics (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanopores (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostructuring (1)
- Nanotoxicology (1)
- Nanotribology (1)
- Nanoviscosity (1)
- Nanowear (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Natrium (1)
- Natural (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural gas (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Natural rubber (1)
- Natural silver wires (1)
- Natural stones (1)
- Nb3Sn (1)
- NbC (1)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Near-surface X-ray diffraction (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Nelson’s method (1)
- Neoallergen (1)
- Neoepitopes (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Network (1)
- Network science (1)
- Networking (1)
- Neurons (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neurotrophins (1)
- Neutral dyes (1)
- Neutron Bragg edge imaging (1)
- Neutron Diffraction (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron and X-ray diffraction (1)
- Neutron instrument (1)
- Neutron radiology (1)
- Newton Raphson method (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Ni alloy (1)
- Ni-Mn-Ga (1)
- Ni-based austenitic filler metal (1)
- Nickel alloys (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Nickel-base alloy (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen monoxide (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Nitrososphaerales (1)
- Nitrous oxide (1)
- Nneutron imaging (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Nodularins (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non Destructive Testing (1)
- Non linear dynamics (1)
- Non-Destructive Evaluation (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive evaluation (1)
- Non-destructive testing in civil engineering (1)
- Non-destructive testing of concrete (1)
- Non-destructuive testing (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Non-invasive analysis (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Non-linear Arrhenius behavior (1)
- Non-linear finite element modelling (1)
- Non-metal determination (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-serrated inhomogeneous flow (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Non-synoptic wind event (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Non-weldable superalloy (1)
- Noncovalent interactions (1)
- Nondestructive testing (NDT) (1)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (1)
- Nonlinear Equation of Motion (1)
- Nonlinear Finite Element Formulations (1)
- Nonlinear behavior (1)
- Nonlinear stress-strain curve (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nosema (1)
- Nosema ceranae (1)
- Notch (1)
- Notch stress approach (1)
- Notches (1)
- Novel metrology (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear power plant (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nuclear waste (1)
- Nuclear waste repository (1)
- Nuclear waste storage (1)
- Nucleation tendency (1)
- Nucleic acid tests (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Number-weighted median size (1)
- Numerical Simulation (1)
- Numerical analysis (1)
- Numerical inversion (1)
- Numerical investigation (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- Numerical welding simulations (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nydrogen melting (1)
- OBOC library (1)
- OECD (1)
- OER (1)
- OH (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OH-radical (1)
- OMS (1)
- OOMMF (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Oberflächenschutzsystem (1)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (1)
- Obstacles (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Octachlortrisilane (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Offshore geomechanics (1)
- Offshore steel grade (1)
- Offshore wind turbine (1)
- Oil (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oil-based (1)
- Oligomerization (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- On-chip screening (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- One-bead-one-compound library (1)
- Online Monitoring (1)
- Online Process Monitoring (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Online detection (1)
- Onsite inspection (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Ontology Engineering (1)
- Open Circuit Voltage (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Open source (1)
- Operando (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical Tomography (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical backscatter reflectometry (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical criterion of brittleness (1)
- Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (1)
- Optical imaging (1)
- Optical microphone (1)
- Optical time domain reflectometry (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Optically excited lock-in thermography (1)
- Optische Konstanten (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Orchestration (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Ordered/disordered structures (1)
- Organic Solar Cell (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic compounds (1)
- Organic crystal (1)
- Organic electronics (1)
- Organic osmolytes (1)
- Organic peroxides (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Organic-inorganic hybrid composites (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Organophosphonate (1)
- Oriented immobilization (1)
- Orowan Mechanism (1)
- Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (1)
- Orthotropic steel deck (1)
- Oscillating ball-on-disc test (1)
- Oscillating magnetic field (1)
- Oscillating vapor plume (1)
- Oscillation (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Osmotic shock (1)
- Osseointegration (1)
- Osteochondral stifle joint defect (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Outburst floods (1)
- Ovalbumin (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oven drying (1)
- Overhead transmission line (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- Oxyfuel-Verbrennung (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- Oxygen permability (1)
- Oxygen sensitive (1)
- Oxygenation (1)
- Ozon (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PALM (1)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (1)
- PBFLB/M AlSi10Mg alloy (1)
- PBS (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PCE (1)
- PCR (1)
- PDT (1)
- PEM-Wasserelektrolyse (1)
- PET (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- POP (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PS (1)
- PSA (1)
- PTFE (1)
- PUR (1)
- PV module (1)
- PVD hard coating (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Pacemaker (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Paints (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Pancharatnam–Berry phase (1)
- Pants (1)
- Papyrology (1)
- Parabolic flight (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Parker method (1)
- Partial discharge (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Partial penetration (1)
- Partial pore saturation (1)
- Partial safety factor modification (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle emission (1)
- Particle emissions (1)
- Particle image velocimetry (1)
- Particle motion trajectory (1)
- Particle size analysis (1)
- Particle size and shape distribution (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Particle transfer (1)
- Particle-bed binder jetting (1)
- Partikelmesstechnik (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Patch (1)
- Patents (1)
- Path planning (1)
- Path-based analysis (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Pattern matching (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peak stress method (1)
- Peak stress method (PSM) (1)
- Pedestrian dynamics (1)
- Pedestrians with disabilities (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Pepper (1)
- Peptide aptamers (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Peptide folding (1)
- Peptide identification (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptide probe (1)
- Peptide synthesis (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Performance (1)
- Periodic solidification pattern (1)
- Perlite (1)
- Permeation measurements (1)
- Permethrin (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Peroxy-fuels (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (1)
- Perzyna viscoplasticity (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pesticide parathion-methyl (1)
- Pestizid (1)
- Petroleum (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Ph (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Pharmazeutika (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phase boundary (1)
- Phase development (1)
- Phase error (1)
- Phase field crystal (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase shifter (1)
- Phase specific residual stresses (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase unwrapping (1)
- Phase-Field Simulations (1)
- Phase-field modelling (1)
- Phase-sensitive (1)
- Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (1)
- Phased Array (1)
- Phased array (1)
- Phased array technique (1)
- Phase‐field modeling (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenotypic diversity (1)
- Phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phl p 5 (1)
- Phleum pratense (1)
- Phonon interactions (1)
- Phospha-Michael addition (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphinate (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonate (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorescence (1)
- Phosphorous flame retardant (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus flame retardants (1)
- Phosphorus-containing flame retardant (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photo counting (1)
- Photoacoustic characterization (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer (1)
- Photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- Photoligation (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Photonendichtewellen-Spektroskopie (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photonic devices (1)
- Photonic wire (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Photostability (1)
- Photostabilität (1)
- Photoswitchable rotaxane (1)
- Photothermal (1)
- Photothermal Technique (1)
- Photothermal super resolution (1)
- Photothermisch (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical aging (1)
- Physical hazards (1)
- Physical properties (1)
- Physical relaxation (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Physico-chemical characterisation of minerals (1)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (1)
- Physics and society (1)
- Physisoprtion (1)
- Phytolith (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Piezoelectric transducer (1)
- Piezoresistive (1)
- Piezoresistive cantilever (1)
- Piezoresponse (1)
- Pink beams (1)
- Pipe weld preparation (1)
- Pipeline (1)
- Pipeline integrity (1)
- Pipeline monitoring (1)
- Pipeline network (1)
- Pipeline vibrations (1)
- Plagioclase (1)
- Planck function (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma Polymerization (1)
- Plasma chemistry (1)
- Plasma cutting (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasma nanocoatings (1)
- Plasma spray (1)
- Plasma-cut samples (1)
- Plasmid DNA (1)
- Plasmid DNA pUC19 (1)
- Plasmon enhancement (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic debris (1)
- Plastic degradation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Plastic waste recycling (1)
- Plate girders (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Platinum-free catalyst (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Plume (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Poly(butadiene terephthalates) (PBT) (1)
- Polyamide 4.6 (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Polybutadiene/chloroprene (1)
- Polybutylensuccinat (PBS) (1)
- Polycaprolactone (1)
- Polychlorosilanes (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycrystal (1)
- Polycrystalline thin films (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyimide-coated optical fibers (1)
- Polyisocyanurate (1)
- Polyisocyanurate; PIR (1)
- Polymer Fibres (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer composite (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)
- Polymer encapsulant (1)
- Polymer matrix composites (1)
- Polymer membranes (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fiber POF (1)
- Polymer optical fibers (1)
- Polymer optical fibres (1)
- Polymer particles (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymerase mutant (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polymers and plastics (1)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (1)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (1)
- Polymorph (1)
- Polyneoptera (1)
- Polynorbornenes (1)
- Polyolefins (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polyoxymethylene (1)
- Polyphosphoester (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polysarcosine (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethane foams (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde foam (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Pore pressure (1)
- Pore size distribution (1)
- Pore space characterization (1)
- Pore structure (1)
- Pore volume distribution (1)
- Pores (1)
- Porous building materials (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porous media (1)
- Porous rock (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portable (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Position detection (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Post-consumer plastic waste (1)
- Posterior fatigue reliability (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potash (1)
- Potassium ions (1)
- Potential drop technique (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Potentiodynamic measurements (1)
- Pouch cell (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- Powder analysis (1)
- Powder bed (1)
- Powder bed density (1)
- Powder bed fusion Laser beam (1)
- Powder diffraction (1)
- Powder diffraction measurements (1)
- Powder metallurgy (1)
- Powder processing (1)
- Powder removal (1)
- Powder-based processes (1)
- Power density (1)
- Power law and power-law breakdown (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Pphotophysics (1)
- Ppreheating temperature (1)
- Prebiotic chemistry (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation hardening aluminum alloys (1)
- Precision agriculture (1)
- Precision farming (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive maintenance (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential orientation (1)
- Prehydrated electron (1)
- Preprocessing (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Pressure assisted sintering (1)
- Pressure technique (1)
- Pressure-dependent solubility (1)
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive (1)
- Pressure-volume product (1)
- Pressurised liquid extraction (1)
- Prestressed concrete (1)
- Prestressed concrete bridge (1)
- Prestressing steels (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Preventive Innovation (1)
- Preventive strategies (1)
- Primary Battery (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Primordial soup (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Principal stress components (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Printed Electronics (1)
- Printing (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Probabilistic assessment (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probability of damage indication (1)
- Probability of failure (1)
- Probiotic-based vaccines (1)
- Probiotics (1)
- Process (1)
- Process Analytical Tecnology (1)
- Process Control (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process chain (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Process sensors 4.0 (1)
- Process simulation (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Product life cycle (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Programming (1)
- Progressive catalyst poisoning (1)
- Proinflammatory cytokines (1)
- Projection center (1)
- Projekt AGIL - Alterung additiv gefertigter metallischer Materialien und Komponenten (1)
- Proof loading (1)
- Proofreading deficient (1)
- Proper Generalized Decomposition (1)
- Proper generalized decomposition (PGD) (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prostheses (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protective coatings (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein analysis (1)
- Protein coating (1)
- Protein conjugation (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein degradation (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein oligomers (1)
- Protein protection (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Protein-modification (1)
- Proteine microarray (1)
- Proteinoid (1)
- Protemics (1)
- Proteoglycans (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomic analysis (1)
- Protocol development (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Protoplasts (1)
- Prouess-Sensoren 4.0 (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Proximal soil sensing (1)
- Proximate analysis (1)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Prozesssensoren (1)
- Pseudo-Voigt fit function (1)
- Pseudo-translationalsublattices (1)
- Pseudomonas veronii (1)
- Pseudosymmetry (1)
- Pt catalysts (1)
- Pt(111) (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Ptinidae (1)
- Pt–Si layers (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Public funding (1)
- Publications (1)
- Pudovik reaction (1)
- Pull-Out Behaviour (1)
- Pull-out composite materials (1)
- Pullulan (1)
- Puls-echo method (1)
- Pulse Laser (1)
- Pulse compression (1)
- Pulse-echo method (1)
- Pulsed laser ablation (1)
- Pulsed laser beam welding (1)
- Pulsed magnetic field (1)
- Pulsed thermography (1)
- Pump-probe experiments (1)
- Pure aluminium (1)
- Push and pull effects (1)
- Push-out test (1)
- Pyrolyse (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrometallurgie (1)
- Python (1)
- QI-FoKuS (1)
- QR code carrier (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quality infrastructure (1)
- Quality monitoring (1)
- Qualitätskontrolle (1)
- Quanten-Kaskadenlaser (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative NMR (1)
- Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantitative moisture measurement (1)
- Quantitative protein analysis (1)
- Quantum Dot (1)
- Quantum Dot Rod (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum Yield (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quartz (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Quellungsmessung (1)
- Quenching and partitioning (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- R package (1)
- R&D (1)
- R-curve (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- RBD (1)
- RBE (1)
- RDF (1)
- REACH regulation (1)
- RED (1)
- REMPI (1)
- RFID based sensors (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA virus (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- RT (1)
- RXES (1)
- Racemate (1)
- Radiated wavefield (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation-induced attenuation (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radical Scavenger (1)
- Radioactive waste disposal (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radiographic procedures (1)
- Radiographic testing (RT) (1)
- Radioprotector ectoine (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Radon (1)
- Rail vibrations (1)
- Railroad (1)
- Railway (1)
- Railway braking forces (1)
- Railway induced vibration (1)
- Railway measurement campaign (1)
- Railway vibration measurements (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rammed earth (1)
- Randomly heterogeneous soil (1)
- Rapid solidification (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rapid tests (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Ratcheting convective cell (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Raw material equivalent (1)
- Ray teacing (1)
- Ray-tracing methods (1)
- Rayleigh (1)
- Rayleigh Scattering (1)
- Rayleigh scattering (1)
- Re-entrant surface feature (1)
- Re-hydration (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reaction monitoring (1)
- Reaction-to-small-flame (1)
- Reactive fire protection system (1)
- Reactor conditions (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Ready-to-use (1)
- Real scale test (1)
- Real time growth control (1)
- Real time measurement (1)
- Real use behavior (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Rebound hammer (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Recommendations (1)
- Reconstruction calculation (SAFT) (1)
- Recyclable (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled materials (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Redox (1)
- Redox switch (1)
- Reduced order models (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Reference measurement (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference specimen (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Reference values (1)
- References (1)
- Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Reflectivity (1)
- Refractive index (1)
- Refracto-vibrometry (1)
- Refractory (1)
- Refractory alloy (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Refractory high entropy alloys (1)
- Refractory superalloys (1)
- Regelsetzung (1)
- Regenerator (1)
- Region of interest (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Reheating (1)
- Reinforcement corrosion (1)
- Reinheitsbestimmung (1)
- Reinigung (1)
- Relative humidity (1)
- Relaxation analysis (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Relaxation times (1)
- Reliability assessment (1)
- Remote sensing vibrometer (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Renewable resources (1)
- Repair welding (1)
- Repair-welding (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Reporter (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Requirements (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research Software (1)
- Research agenda (1)
- Research and innovation (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Residual strains (1)
- Residual stress in AM (1)
- Residual stress state (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance stress (1)
- Resistivity (1)
- Resolution (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resonance frequency (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Resource-based-view (1)
- Restauriermörtel (1)
- Resting time (1)
- Restraint (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (1)
- Reverse glass painting (1)
- Reverse microemulsion (1)
- Reverse time migration (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Review (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rheometry (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Rhodamine B (1)
- Rhodiumcomplexes (1)
- Rice (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Rigid foam (1)
- Rigid vehicle model (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Ripples (1)
- Risk (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- River (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Road inspection (1)
- Road pavement (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rock wool (1)
- Rock-art caves (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- Rohrleitungen (1)
- Roll-to-Roll Processing (1)
- Rolling resistance (1)
- Room fire (1)
- Room-temperature (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Rosin (1)
- Roughness analysis (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Rregulations (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- Ruthenium(II) complexes (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Rückverstromung (1)
- S-N curve (1)
- S-Phase (1)
- S-phase (1)
- SA conjugates (1)
- SA508 (1)
- SAMs (1)
- SANS (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBA-15 (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SDC (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEIRA methodology (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SERDS (1)
- SHT (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SNR (1)
- SO2 (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPH (1)
- SPR (1)
- SR-microXRF (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STXM (1)
- SVOC (1)
- SWIR thermography (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Safe by design (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safety distances (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Samarium doped ceria (1)
- Sample holder (1)
- Sample loss (1)
- Sample piece size (1)
- Sample pretreatment (1)
- Sample random results (1)
- Samples (1)
- Saxitoxins (1)
- Scaffold geometry (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Scale conversion (1)
- Scan strategy influence (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (1)
- Scanning electron microscope (1)
- Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission x- ray microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scarf joint (1)
- Scavenging effect of iron (1)
- Schadstoffe (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schichtdickenmessung (1)
- Schieneninfrastruktur (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Schmiedeteile (1)
- Schnellladung (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- Schnelltests (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Scientific software (1)
- Scientific workflows (1)
- Scintillator (1)
- Scission (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Screening test (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Seal failure (1)
- Seal force (1)
- Sealing structures (1)
- Seam geometry (1)
- Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (1)
- Seasonal performance factor (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary hazard (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Security (1)
- Security applications (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Segmentation (1)
- Segmentations (1)
- Segregation (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Seismic load (1)
- Seismic migration (1)
- Seismic signal reconstruction (1)
- Seismics (1)
- Seismology (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Selective Electron Beam Melting (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Selective laser beam melting (1)
- Selective oxidation (1)
- Selektive-laser-melting (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self assembly (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Self-assembled structures (1)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (1)
- Semantic Data Integration (1)
- Semantic Interoperability (1)
- Semantic Web Technologies (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Semi-metallic brake-pad material (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Semitransparent (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Sensitivity vectors (1)
- Sensor Materials (1)
- Sensor array (1)
- Sensor network (1)
- Sensor planning (1)
- Sensor-based sorting (1)
- Sensors Placement (1)
- Sensory particles (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separate sewer system (1)
- Separation (1)
- Sequence annotation (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequence revision (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequencing algorithm (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Series production (1)
- Sesistance (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Settling velocity (1)
- Setzmaschine (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape memory polymer composite (1)
- Shape memory properties (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shared infrastruture (1)
- Shear load (1)
- Shear modulus (1)
- Shear testing (1)
- Shear thinning (1)
- Shearing gratings (1)
- Sheep (1)
- Sheep animal model (1)
- Ship building (1)
- Shipbuilding steel (1)
- Short cracks (1)
- Short-beam strength (1)
- Shotcrete (1)
- SiGe (1)
- Sicherheit (1)
- Sicherheitsbewertung (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Signal Features (1)
- Signal features (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silica coating (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silica nanoparticles (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicate glass-ceramics (1)
- Silicate glasses (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Silicon nanowire (1)
- Silicon release (1)
- Silicon stable isotopes (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Silicone rubber (1)
- Silk (1)
- Silk Road (1)
- Sillver (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver metallization paste (1)
- Simultaneous temperature and humidity sensing (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single asperity (1)
- Single asperity contact (1)
- Single atom catalysts (1)
- Single cell microbiology (1)
- Single crystal Ni-Base superalloys (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single photon and quantum effects (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single-Crystal (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Single-crystals (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Single-pass welding (1)
- Single-shot XAFS (1)
- Single-sided NMR (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Sinking velocity (1)
- Sinter retardation (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering additive (1)
- Sinus floor augmentation (1)
- Size effect (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Size measurement (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Slag (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Sliding wear (1)
- Slip localization (1)
- Slippage of weakly linked layers (1)
- Slope stability (1)
- Slow crack growth (1)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle scattering (1)
- Small molecule detection (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Small-angle xray scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Small-scale specimens (1)
- Small-spot XPS (1)
- Smart actuators (1)
- Smart label (1)
- Smart materials (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smarte Aktoren (1)
- Smarte Sensoren (1)
- Smarter Sensor (1)
- Smartphone readout (1)
- Smoke (1)
- Smoke suppression (1)
- Smoke toxicity (1)
- Soaking time (1)
- Social (1)
- Social Immunity (1)
- Social acceptance (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Social sustainability (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Socio-ecological models (1)
- Socio-technical Transition (1)
- Soda lakes (1)
- Soda lime silicate glass (1)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (1)
- Sodium Ion Batteries (1)
- Sodium carbonate minerals (1)
- Sodium chloride (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Softening temperature (1)
- Software Infrastructure (1)
- Software Licensing (1)
- Software Training (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Soil organic matter (1)
- Soil water content (1)
- Soil-building interaction (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Sol-Gel-Synthese (1)
- Sol-gel process (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid acids (1)
- Solid electrolytes (1)
- Solid lubricant (1)
- Solid lubrication (1)
- Solid state (1)
- Solid state NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Solid state cooling (1)
- Solid state emission (1)
- Solid-liquid-extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-state NMR (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Solute excretion (1)
- Solution doping (1)
- Solvent replacement (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Solvolyse (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Sonden (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- SpICP-MS (1)
- Spannbetonbrücke (1)
- Spannbetonschwelle (1)
- Spannbetonschwellen (1)
- Spatial heterodyne spectrometer (1)
- Special issue (1)
- Specific probe (1)
- Specimen geometry (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectral CT (1)
- Spectral elements (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spectrum simulation (1)
- Speed of sound (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Spill evaporation (1)
- Spin (1)
- Spot-welded joints (1)
- Spray drying (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- SrTiO3 (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stable crack growth (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stainless steels (1)
- Staircase method (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standard atomic weight (1)
- Standardization research (1)
- State-of-the-art (1)
- Static axle loads (1)
- Stationäre Phase (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Statistical particle distribution (1)
- Statistical pattern recognition (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Status report (1)
- Steam (1)
- Steel alloy (1)
- Steel and aluminium (1)
- Steel billets (1)
- Steel construction (1)
- Steel corrosion (1)
- Steel corrrosion (1)
- Steel drum (1)
- Steel fiber reinforced concrete (1)
- Steel fiber reiniforced concrete (1)
- Steel weldment (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Steinergänzungsmassen (1)
- Stepwise growth (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereophotogrammetry (1)
- Stern Geary constant (1)
- Stern-Geary-Konstante (1)
- Stickoxide (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stiffness variation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Stochastic modeling (1)
- Stochastic sample functions (1)
- Stoichiometric phases (1)
- Stone Age (1)
- Storage Mechanism (1)
- Stored energy (1)
- Stormwater retention tank (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strain (1)
- Strain and temperature measurements (1)
- Strain difference (1)
- Strain fields prediction (1)
- Strain gauge factor (1)
- Strain measurements of wind turbine support structures (1)
- Strain-free lattice references (1)
- Strain-free lattice spacing (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Stranski–Krastanow growth (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), (1)
- Strategic alliances (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Stree-strain curve (1)
- Strengthening mechanisms (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stress Coupling (1)
- Stress balance (1)
- Stress balance condition (1)
- Stress conditions (1)
- Stress corrosion tests (1)
- Stress distribution (1)
- Stress reduction (1)
- Stress stiffening (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Stress-protective morphology (1)
- Stress-relief heat-treatments (1)
- Stress-strain behaviour (1)
- Stress-strain relation (1)
- Stressed (1)
- Stretchable electronics (1)
- Stringer (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural Materials (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural health monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural properties (1)
- Structural relaxation (1)
- Structural reliability (1)
- Structural science (1)
- Structural steel (1)
- Structural stress approach (1)
- Structural system identification (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure analysis (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure prediction (1)
- Structured cantilever (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Strukturmonitoring (1)
- Strukturüberwachung (1)
- Strätlingite (1)
- Sub pixel analysis (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Sub-aerial biofilms (1)
- Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) (1)
- Sub-oxide (1)
- Subaerial and subaquatic biofilm (1)
- Subsidence monitoring (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Substructure failures (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sulfate attack (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfates (1)
- Sulfide (1)
- Sulfide sensing (1)
- Sulfiding (1)
- Sulfo-NHS (1)
- Sulfur containing polymers (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Sun (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Super Resolution (1)
- Super martensitic filler material (1)
- Super martensitic stainless steel (1)
- Superalloy single crystals (1)
- Superalloys (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Supercritical CO2 (1)
- Superelasticity (1)
- Superior sorbent (1)
- Superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (1)
- Supermartensitic steel (1)
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Supersaturation (1)
- Supplementary cementitious material (1)
- Supplementary cementitous materials (1)
- Support vector machine (1)
- Supported catalyst (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Supra molecular polymerization (1)
- Supramolecular Chemistry (1)
- Supramolecules (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Integrity (1)
- Surface area (1)
- Surface charge (1)
- Surface chemical analysis (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface conditions (1)
- Surface crystallization (1)
- Surface defects (1)
- Surface elasticity (1)
- Surface interactions (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface migration barriers (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface preparation (1)
- Surface processing (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface relaxivities (1)
- Surface relaxivity (1)
- Surface roughness analysis (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface stress (1)
- Surface structures (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface treatment (1)
- Surface treatments (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface wave velocity (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Suspension growth (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Sustainable Software Development (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Sustainable building materials (1)
- Sustainable cement (1)
- Sustainable concrete (1)
- Sustainable construction (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Swelling (1)
- Swirl (1)
- Symbolic computation (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray CT (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) (1)
- Synchrotron computed tomography (1)
- Synchrotron measurements (1)
- Synchrotron micro-tomography (1)
- Synchrotron radiations (1)
- Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) (1)
- Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (1)
- Synthetic aperture focusing technique (1)
- Synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) (1)
- Synthetic metabolism (1)
- System identification (1)
- System method (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Systems biology (1)
- T1 precipitate (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TEKKEN (1)
- TFA (1)
- TG-FTIR (1)
- TGA (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- TKD (1)
- TLR4 activation (1)
- TOF (1)
- TRIS (1)
- TRL (1)
- TTS (1)
- TTS principle (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Talbot-Lau (1)
- Tank leaching test (1)
- Tanks (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Tape casting (1)
- Tapes (1)
- Target (1)
- Tau (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Tb3+ (1)
- Technical crack detection (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature Control (1)
- Temperature and strain monitoring (1)
- Temperature and strain sensing (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Temperature effect (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature measurement (1)
- Temperature sensitivity (1)
- Temperature-dependent neutron transmission (1)
- Temperature-memory effect (1)
- Temperature-memory polymer (1)
- Temperature-programmed desorption (1)
- Temple Scroll (1)
- Tensile Strength (1)
- Tensile Test Ontology (1)
- Tensile loading (1)
- Tensile resistance spot welding experiment (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensile testing (1)
- Tension members (1)
- Terbium (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Ternary (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Test setup (1)
- Test solutions (1)
- Test specimen (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Testing (1)
- Testing laboratories (1)
- Testing methods (1)
- Testing procedure (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Textil (1)
- Textile (1)
- Textile reinforced concrete (1)
- Textile-reinforced concrete (1)
- Thawing (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal Analysis (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (1)
- Thermal Process Engineering (1)
- Thermal anhydrite (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal cycles (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal effusivity (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal runaways (1)
- Thermal stability (1)
- Thermal transient problem (1)
- Thermal transport (1)
- Thermo physical simulation (1)
- Thermo-mechanical testing (1)
- Thermo-mechanics (1)
- Thermoacoustic emitter (1)
- Thermoanalytics (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermobimetal (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thermochemistry (1)
- Thermochromic properties (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermodynamic simulation (1)
- Thermoelectric properties (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermography Computed (1)
- Thermomagnetic generator (1)
- Thermomechanical properties (1)
- Thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- Thermoset (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thick materials (1)
- Thick plate welding (1)
- Thick shells (1)
- Thick-plate welding (1)
- Thick-walled (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thickness measurement (1)
- Thickness resonance (1)
- Thin film characterization (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin magnetic films (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thin tribofilm (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Tholins (1)
- Three-dimensional data quantification (1)
- Three-dimensional tomographies (1)
- Throwing-stick (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Tiatanium (1)
- Tiered (1)
- Timber (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Time resolution (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Time-lapse X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Time-of-flight measurements (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved (1)
- Time-resolved scattering (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Tire wear (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Titan-Halterung (1)
- Titania (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- Titanium nitride (1)
- Tobermorite (1)
- Toll-like receptor 4 (1)
- Tomographic reconstruction (1)
- Tomography of wood samples (1)
- Tonalide (1)
- Tool comparison (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Topas-MC (1)
- Topas-nBio (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Topography (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Total Quality Management (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Touch surfaces (1)
- Toughening mechanisms (1)
- Toughness (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Tracer-based sorting (1)
- Track and vehicle irregularities (1)
- Track damage quantification (1)
- Track filtering (1)
- Track vibration (1)
- Track-soil interaction (1)
- Train passage (1)
- Train tracking (1)
- Train-induced vibration (1)
- Transducers (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Transition metal (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission (1)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transparency (1)
- Transparent ceramic (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Transport limitations (1)
- Transport number (1)
- Transportation energy (1)
- Transverse butt weld (1)
- Trapping (1)
- Treated wood (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trench (1)
- Trends in extreme events (1)
- Trennung (1)
- Tribo-Analytik (1)
- Tribo-analytics (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Tribofilm (1)
- Trilobite compound eyes (1)
- Tripeptides (1)
- Triple UNet (1)
- Triply Periodical Minimal Surface (1)
- Triply periodic minimal surface structures (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Tumble dryer (1)
- Tumor radiation therapy (1)
- Tunable antenna (1)
- Tungsten carbide (WC) (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Tunnel-to-surface reduction (1)
- Turbulence model (1)
- Turbulent Wind Excitation (1)
- Turning maneuvers (1)
- Tutzing Symposion (1)
- Twisted-slit collimator (1)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-dimensional solidification (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon-polymerization (1)
- Two-run welding technique (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UAS (1)
- UCST-type copolymer (1)
- UHMWPE (1)
- UHPC (1)
- UN Test O.2 (1)
- UN-GHS (1)
- UPLC-MS/MS (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UV Vis (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV-blocker addition (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- UV-spectrometry (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (1)
- Ultra sound (1)
- Ultra-high performance concrete (1)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrafast microscopy (1)
- Ultraschall-Echo-Verfahren (1)
- Ultraschallecho-Verfahren (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Ultrashort pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrasonic Assisted Machining (1)
- Ultrasonic Guided Waves (1)
- Ultrasonic echo technique (1)
- Ultrasonic imaging of internal reflectors (1)
- Ultrasonic probe (1)
- Ultrasonic reflection measurement (1)
- Ultrasonic test (1)
- Ultrasonic testing (UT) (1)
- Ultrasonic transducer (1)
- Ultrasonics (1)
- Ultrasound concrete (1)
- Ultrasound gel (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Umweltschadstoffe (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Uncertainty Quantification (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Underground (1)
- Unfallszenarien (1)
- Unsharpness (1)
- Unstressed (1)
- Upconverion (1)
- Upconverstion (1)
- Uptake studies (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Ureolytic bacteria (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utility and decision theory (1)
- Utility poles (1)
- V-notch impact toughness (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VE-tongue (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VO (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- VPDB (1)
- VRFB (1)
- VSSA (1)
- VVOC (1)
- VVOCs (1)
- Vacuum (1)
- Validate method (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Value of action analysis (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium oxide catalysts (1)
- Varestraint testing (1)
- Variable frequency drive (1)
- Variational Bayesian Inference (1)
- Variational Bayesian statistics (1)
- Variational inference (1)
- Variational multiscale method (1)
- Vario EL III (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Vehicle-track-soil interaction (1)
- Vehicle–track interaction (1)
- Velocities (1)
- Venetzungsdichte (1)
- Verbundwerkstoffe (1)
- Verdampfung (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrslasten (1)
- Verteilte faseroptische Sensoren (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Vibration sensing (1)
- Vibration signal analysis (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virial coefficients (1)
- Virtual CT (1)
- Virtual wave concept (1)
- Virtual waves (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Virus detection (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Viscous sintering (1)
- Visual ontology development (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitrimer (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Vivianite (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Void nucleation & growth (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Voltage Loss (1)
- Volume changes (1)
- Volumetric uptake (1)
- Vor-Ort-Analytik (1)
- Vorticity noise (1)
- Voxel size (1)
- Vulcanization (1)
- WD-XRF (1)
- WRC 1992 diagram (1)
- WSN (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Wall paintings (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Wasserstoff-Druckbehälter (1)
- Wasserstoff-Qualität (1)
- Wasserstoffspeicher (1)
- Wasserstoffspeicherung (1)
- Waste chracterization (1)
- Waste heat (1)
- Waste heat conversion (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Waste-to-energy (1)
- Waste-water (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water Diffusion (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water content (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water in glass (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water permeability (1)
- Water speciation (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stability (1)
- Water structure (1)
- Water transport (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Water-based (1)
- Wave propagation (1)
- Wavelet (1)
- Wavenumber integrals (1)
- Waxes (1)
- Wear particles (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Web mining (1)
- Weibull distribution (1)
- Weld defects (1)
- Weld fatigue (1)
- Weld imperfections (1)
- Weld metal cracking (1)
- Weld pool (1)
- Weld pool support (1)
- Weldability (1)
- Welded Joints (1)
- Welded joint (1)
- Welded joints (1)
- Welding Simulation (1)
- Welding thermal cycle (1)
- Welds (1)
- Weldx (1)
- Werkstoffdatenbank (1)
- Wet soil (1)
- Wetting (1)
- Wheel-rail friction coefficient (1)
- Wheel-rail tangential forces (1)
- Wheelset accelerations (1)
- White light interference microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Whole-chain CCS scenario (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Widerstandspunktschweißen (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Wildfire (1)
- Wind turbine rotor blades (1)
- Wind turbine tower (1)
- Windenergie Anlage Rotorblätter (1)
- Windgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Wipe test (1)
- Wire break (1)
- Wire electron beam additive manufacturing (1)
- Wire feed laser beam welding (1)
- Wire-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood chips (1)
- Wood materials (1)
- Wood modification (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Work function (1)
- Work of adhesion (1)
- Workflow (1)
- Workflow management (1)
- Working life (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-Ray (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray CT (1)
- X-ray Color Camera (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence analysis (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray and Neutron Diffraction (1)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (1)
- X-ray and neutron diffraction (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (1)
- X-ray dark-field radiography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- X-ray emission (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray energies (1)
- X-ray fluorescence analysis (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray micro-computed tomography (1)
- X-ray microdiffraction (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray microtomography (1)
- X-ray optics (1)
- X-ray reflectivity (1)
- X-ray refraction radiography (1)
- X-ray spectrum (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XAFS (1)
- XANES X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (1)
- XANES/EXAFS (1)
- XCT Data Conditioning (1)
- XPCS (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xray (1)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (1)
- YES assay (1)
- Yellowness index (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young's modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Young’s Modulus (1)
- Ytterbium (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- ZCF (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zeonex (1)
- Zero wear (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißnähten (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zinc ferrite (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zirconia-toughened alumina (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- Znc (1)
- Zustandsbewertung (1)
- Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- aRTist (1)
- abasic side (1)
- absolute measurements (1)
- absorption (1)
- amorphous carbon film (1)
- amorphous silica film (1)
- atomic weight (1)
- base loss (1)
- bended arrow of time (1)
- bio-diagnostic (1)
- biodegradable material (1)
- biokompatibel (1)
- biomedical applications (1)
- caffeine (1)
- calibration (1)
- carbon black (1)
- coda wave interferometry (1)
- compost (1)
- confocal (1)
- contact resonance (1)
- corrosion (1)
- cross-reactivity (1)
- crystal structures (1)
- dXCT (1)
- dry friction (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- dye (1)
- electrochemical dealloying (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- embedded (1)
- enzyme reactions (1)
- estrogenic activity (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- flexible plastics (1)
- gesintert (1)
- glass fibre paper (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- graphene (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- hydrate (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- i-TRIBOMAT (1)
- i.S.Sy.Da.T.A. (1)
- iChip (1)
- immunoassay (1)
- in situ template (NaCl) (1)
- infrared Thermography (1)
- injection moulded (1)
- irreproducibility (1)
- isotope reference material (1)
- lN2 (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- layered soil (1)
- ligand binding assay (1)
- mXRF Micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- macroporous carbon (1)
- maghemite (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- magnetic saturation (1)
- materials informatics (1)
- mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- mechanochemistry (1)
- melamine (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- mortar method (1)
- multilayer graphene (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- non-specific binding (1)
- nutritional supplements (1)
- openBIS (1)
- optimale Überdeckungshöhe (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidation state (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH (1)
- pH Indicator (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- pXRF (1)
- paper retraction (1)
- peer reviewimmunochemistry (1)
- phosphorous flame retardant (1)
- photoluminescence (1)
- polyionic liquids (1)
- pore structure (1)
- progressive hepatolenticular degeneration (1)
- protein binding (1)
- proton conductors (1)
- pyrazinamide (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility crisis (1)
- research landscape (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (1)
- rubber (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- selectivity (1)
- self-replication (1)
- sensing (1)
- serine-protease inhibitor (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- single molecule spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule analysis (1)
- sliding simulation (1)
- soil (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- spectral elements (1)
- spray (1)
- ssNMR spectroscopy (1)
- structural information (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- surface and in-depth inspection (1)
- surface enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- synthesize heteroatom (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- temperature (1)
- thermal decomposition (1)
- thermophysical properties (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- time-temperature equivalent formulation (1)
- time-temperature superposition principle (1)
- titania nanoparticles (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) (1)
- µ-gravity (1)
- µCT (1)
- Überdruckverfahren (1)
- α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucans (1)
- β-Lactam (1)
- γ-H2AX assay (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
- μCT-analysis (1)
- ‘Green’ pesticide (1)
- “leaky” mutant (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (428)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (353)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (314)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (202)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (199)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (182)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (178)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (164)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (119)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (97)
Paper des Monats
- ja (68)
This contribution reports the development of a polymerizable BODIPY-type fluorescent probe targeting small-molecule carboxylates for incorporation into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The design of the probe crosslinker includes a urea recognition site p-conjugated to the 3-position of the BODIPY core and two methacrylate moieties. Titration experiments with a carboxylate-expressing antibiotic, levofloxacin (LEVO), showed a blue shift of the absorption band as well as a broadening and decrease in emission, attributed to hydrogen bonding between the probe’s urea group and the carboxylate group of the antibiotic. Using this probe crosslinker, core–shell particles with a silica core and a thin MIP shell were prepared for the detection of LEVO. The MIP exhibited highly selective recognition of LEVO, with an imprinting factor of 18.1 compared to the non-imprinted polymer. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the core–shell structure and spectroscopic studies revealed that the receptor’s positioning leads to a unique perturbation of the polymethinic character of the BODIPY chromophore, entailing the favourable responses. These features are fully preserved in the MIP, whereas no such response was observed for competitors such as ampicillin. The sensory particles allowed to detect LEVO down to submicromolar concentrations in dioxane. We have developed here for the first time a BODIPY probe for organic carboxylates and incorporated it into polymers using the imprinting technique, paving the way for BODIPY-type fluorescent MIP sensors.
This technical note highlights the fact that CF-LIBS algorithms work in mole fractions, while results of spectrochemical analysis are usually reported in mass fractions or mass percent. Ignoring this difference and not converting mole fractions to mass fractions can lead to errors in reported concentrations determined by the CF-LIBS method and inadequate comparison of these concentrations with certified concentrations. Here, the key points of the CF-LIBS algorithm are reproduced and the formulae for converting a mole fraction to a mass fraction and vice versa are given. Several numerical examples are also given, which show that the greater the difference between the molar mass of an individual element in a sample and the average molar mass, the greater the discrepancy between the mole and mass fractions.
The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are gaining interest in corrosion and electrocatalysis research due to their electrochemical stability across a broad pH range and the design flexibility they offer. Using the equimolar CrCoNi alloy, we observe significant metal dissolution in a corrosive electrolyte (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) concurrently with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the transpassive region despite the absence of hysteresis in polarization curves or other obvious corrosion indicators. We present a characterization scheme to delineate the contribution of OER and alloy dissolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for OER-onset detection, and quantitative chemical analysis with inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultraviolet visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to elucidate metal dissolution processes. In-situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) revealed that the transpassive metal dissolution on CrCoNi is dominated by intergranular corrosion. These results have significant implications for the stability of MPEAs in corrosion systems, emphasizing the necessity of analytically determining metal ions released from MPEA electrodes into the electrolyte when evaluating Faradaic efficiencies of OER catalysts. The release of transition metal ions not only reduces the Faradaic efficiency of electrolyzers but may also cause poisoning and degradation of membranes in electrochemical reactors.
AbstractSorbents are promising materials for applications in atmospheric water harvesting, thermal energy storage, and passive cooling, thereby addressing central challenges related to water scarcity and the global energy transition. Recently, hygroscopic hydrogel composites have emerged as high‐performance sorbents. However, many of these systems are fabricated with unsustainable and costly sorbent materials, which hinders their wide deployment. Here, the synthesis of high‐performance, cost‐efficient polyacrylamide hydrogels loaded with unprecedented amounts of calcium chloride is demonstrated. To this end, the swelling procedure of polyacrylamide hydrogels in aqueous calcium chloride solutions is optimized. The achievable salt loading in the hydrogel is characterized as a function of temperature, calcium chloride concentration in the swelling solution, and the hydrogel preparation conditions. The obtained hydrogel‐salt composites are shown to be stable under repeated sorption‐desorption cycling and enable water uptakes of 0.92 and 2.38 grams of water per gram of dry materials at 30% and 70% relative humidity, respectively. The resulting cost‐performance ratio substantially exceeds lithium chloride‐based systems. Further, the mechanistic insights on hydrogel salt interactions can guide the design of sustainable and low‐cost sorbent materials for future applications in water and energy.
In situ chemical analysis of duplex stainless steel weld by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
(2024)
The high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel (DSS) are due to its special chemical composition, which is a balanced phase ratio of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ). Many industrial applications require the integration of DSS components. For this, Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is an excellent choice, as it allows an automated operation with high reproducibility. However, when the weld pool solidifies, critical ratios of α- and γ- phases can occur, which lead to solidification cracking, increased susceptibility to corrosion, and a decrease in ductility and critical strength. Previous studies have shown that these defects can be caused by the accumulation of manganese and chromium in the heat affected zone (HAZ), requiring ongoing monitoring of this accumulation. A suitable method for such monitoring is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which can be used in two operating modes: calibration using standard reference samples and calibration-free. Unlike conventional quantitative LIBS measurements, which require reference samples to generate a calibration curve, calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) allows chemical compositions to be determined solely from the emission spectrum of the plasma. Numerous publications show that CF-LIBS is a fast and efficient analytical method for the quantitative analysis of metal samples. In this work, CF-LIBS is applied to spectra obtained during GTAW DSS welding and the result is compared with those obtained by PLS analysis. A good correlation was found between both types of analysis, demonstrating the suitability of the CF-LIBS method for this application. The CF-LIBS method has a significant advantage over conventional LIBS due to the rapid in situ measurement of concentrations of major alloying elements without calibration procedure. This, combined with fast feedback and appropriate adjustment of welding parameters, helps prevent welding defects.
Tests for assessing prestressing steels' susceptibility to hydrogen‐induced stress corrosion cracking are essential for approvals, in‐house monitoring, and third‐party material testing. According to ISO 15630‐3, the time to brittle fracture by constant load under corrosive conditions in thiocyanate test solutions (A or B) at 50°C is measured. In the literature, a high scattering in stress corrosion tests is reported, which questions the integrity of the test procedure. This paper shows the results of studies about the influence of solution composition on hydrogen charging in electrochemical and permeation measurements. Electrochemical experiments show that polished steel surfaces without common drawing layers have more consistent free corrosion currents, polarization resistances, and B‐values in solution A with low scattering compared to the solution B experiments. The influence of temperature at 50°C and an ambient temperature of 22°C was also tested.
A high precision nail‐penetration (NP) tool for characterizing the mechanically induced thermal‐runaway (TR) of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cells in a defined range of temperatures down to −140 °C was developed. To understand the cell specific behavior at low temperatures aiming at the determination of safe handling conditions, different scenarios are analyzed. First, accuracy tests of the NP‐tool regarding motion and penetration depth are conducted with cylindrical cells at different temperatures. Thus, postmortem computer tomographic (CT) images are compared to the data measured with the newly integrated 3‐axis force sensor which is further combined with a high‐resolution position sensor. The herein developed setup allows evaluation of the NP‐metrics at an accuracy of ±1 pierced electrode layer without CT‐scans. Further NP examinations at 20 °C of fully charged cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells reveal a reproducible minimum damage as a reliable TR‐trigger. Moreover, NP‐tests at low temperature disclose a relation of the short circuit conductivity and TR‐reactions during subsequent rethermalization to room temperature. Finally, the implementation of a novel fixture for a controlled very fast cooling of LIB‐cells during critical damage opens the way to investigate the individual steps during a TR and, thus, to gain important information of the specific TR‐mechanism of different LIB‐cells.
The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), decomposition temperature (Td), density (ρ), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield (μ), thermal conductivity (k), and viscosity (η). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence).
On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
Abstract. In power electronics, compound semiconductors with large bandgaps, like silicon carbide (SiC), are increasingly being used as material instead of silicon. They have a lot of advantages over silicon but are also intolerant of nanoscale material defects, so that a defect inspection with high accuracy is needed. The different defect types on SiC samples are measured with various measurement methods, including optical and tactile methods. The defect types investigated include carrots, particles, polytype inclusions and threading dislocations, and they are analysed with imaging ellipsometry, coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS), white light interference microscopy (WLIM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These different measurement methods are used to investigate which method is most sensitive for which type of defect to be able to use the measurement methods more effectively. It is important to be able to identify the defects to classify them as critical or non-critical for the functionality of the end product. Once these investigations have been completed, the measurement systems can be optimally distributed to the relevant defects in further work to realize a hybrid analysis of the defects. In addition to the identification and classification of defects, such a future hybrid analysis could also include characterizations, e.g. further evaluation of ellipsometric data by using numerical simulations.
A widespread recovery of waste heat requires a cost‐effective production of thermoelectric generators. Thermoelectric oxides are predestined for use at high temperatures. For manufacturing reasons, a multilayer generator design will be easily scalable and cost‐effective. To evaluate the potential of ceramic multilayer technology for that purpose, a multilayer of the promising thermoelectric oxides calcium cobaltite (Ca3Co4O9), calcium manganate (CMO, CaMnO3), and glass–ceramic insulation layers is fabricated. Cracks and reaction layers at the interfaces are observed in the microstructure. The compositions of these reaction layers are identified by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Mechanical and thermal properties of all layers are compiled from literature or determined by purposeful sample preparation and testing. Based on this data set, the internal stresses in the multilayer after co‐firing are calculated numerically. It is shown that tensile stresses in the range of 50 MPa occur in the CMO layers. The reaction layers have only a minor influence on the level of these residual stresses. Herein, it is proven that the material system is basically suitable for multilayer generator production, but that the co‐firing process and the layer structure must be adapted to improve densification and reduce the tensile stresses in the CMO.
Amphiphilic nanogels (ANGs) are promising carriers for hydrophobic cargos such as drugs, dyes, and catalysts.
Loading content and release kinetics of these compounds are controlled by type and number of hydrophobic groups in the amphiphilic copolymer network. Thus, understanding the interactions between cargo and colloidal carrier is mandatory for a tailor-made and cargo-specific ANG design. To systematically explore the influence of the network composition on these interactions, we prepared a set of ANGs of different amphiphilicity and loaded these ANGs with varying concentrations of the solvatochromic dye Nile Red (NR). Here, NR acts as a hydrophobic model cargo to optically probe the polarity of its microenvironment. Analysis of the NR emission spectra as well as measurements of the fluorescence quantum yields and decay kinetics revealed a decrease in the polarity of the NR microenvironment with increasing hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic groups in the ANG network and dye–dye interactions at higher loading concentrations. At low NR concentrations, the hydrophobic cargo NR is encapsulated in the hydrophobic domains. Increasing NR concentrations resulted in probe molecules located in a more hydrophilic environment, i.e., at the nanodomain border, and favored dye–dye interactions and NR aggregation.
These results correlate well with release experiments, indicating first NR release from more hydrophilic network locations. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance to understand carrier–drug interactions for efficient loading and controlled release profiles in amphiphilic nanogels.
Changes in Black Truffle (Tuber melanosporum) Aroma during Storage under Different Conditions
(2024)
The enticing aroma of truffles is a key factor for their culinary value. Although all truffle species tend to be pricy, the most intensely aromatic species are the most sought after. Research into the aroma of truffles encompasses various disciplines including chemistry, biology, and sensory science. This study focusses on the chemical composition of the aroma of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum) and the changes occurring under different storage conditions. For this, truffle samples were stored under different treatments, at different temperatures, and measured over a total storage time of 12 days. Measurements of the truffle aroma profiles were taken with SPME/GC–MS at regular intervals. To handle the ample data collected, a systematic approach utilizing multivariate data analysis techniques was taken. This approach led to a vast amount of data which we made publicly available for future exploration. Results reveal the complexity of aroma changes, with 695 compounds identified, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding. Principal component analyses offer initial insights into truffle composition, while individual compounds may serve as markers for age (formic acid, 1-methylpropyl ester), freshness (2-Methyl-1-propanal; 1-(methylthio)-propane), freezing (tetrahydrofuran), salt treatment (1-chloropentane), or heat exposure (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone). This research suggests that heat treatment or salt contact significantly affects truffle aroma, while freezing and cutting have less pronounced effects in comparison. The enrichment of compounds showing significant changes during storage was investigated with a metabolomic pathway analysis. The involvement of some of the enriched compounds on the pyruvate/glycolysis and sulfur pathways was shown.
The present work addresses powder bed binder jetting additive manufacturing by selective magnesium phosphate cement activation. Despite the potential of this technology to aid the digitalization of the construction industry, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical performance of printed materials has not yet been studied to generate a guideline for the further development of the technology. Statistical methodologies were used to screen the effect of four printing process parameters (printing speed, layer thickness, raster angle, and build direction on flexural and compressive strength). As the exploited technology works with constant fluid pressure, the physical interpretation of the effect of each factor can be considered taking into account the interactions between the binder materials in the powder bed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that printing speed and layer thickness significantly affect mechanical performances. Furthermore, the layout of samples for the printing process is preferable to be parallel the printhead movement. An anisotropic behavior was observed, and the samples subjected to compressive forces parallel to the layer plane possessed lower strength values. This effect can be interpreted as a result of a weak area of low density in between layers, leading to a pronounced delamination under compression. Even though the strength of the printed material is not suitable for a structural concrete, it can be marginally improved by design of experiment and optimized for non-structural applications, such as for porous artificial stone. Design of experiment coupled with ANOVA methods can be used in the future to support the development of novel material mixtures, thus expanding the fields of application of this novel additive manufacturing technology.
Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectroscopy facilitates three-dimensional (3D) elemental imaging of heterogeneous samples in the micrometer range. Laboratory setups using X-ray tube excitation render the method accessible for diverse research fields but interpretation of results and quantification remain challenging. The attenuation of X-rays in composites depends on the photon energy as well as on the composition and density of the material. For confocal micro-XRF, attenuation severely impacts elemental distribution information, as the signal from deeper layers is distorted by superficial layers. Absorption correction and quantification of fluorescence measurements in heterogeneous composite samples have so far not been reported. Here, an absorption correction approach for confocal micro-XRF combining density information from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) data with laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and synchrotron transmission measurements is presented. The energy dependency of the probing volume is considered during the correction. The methodology is demonstrated on a model composite sample consisting of a bovine tooth with a clinically used restoration material.
Relation of craze to crack length during slow crack growth phenomena in high‐density polyethylene
(2024)
The craze‐crack mechanism occurring in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) causing slow crack growth and environmental stress cracking is investigated in detail with respect to the relation of crack length and the related craze zone. This is essential for the understanding of the resulting features of the formed fracture surface and their interpretation in the context of the transition from crack propagation to ductile shear deformation. It turns out that an already formed craze zone does not inevitably result in formation of a propagating crack, but could also undergo ductile failure. For the examination, the full notch creep test (FNCT) was employed with a subsequent advanced fracture surface analysis that was performed using various imaging techniques: light microscopy, laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray micro computed tomography scan. FNCT specimens were progressively damaged for increasing durations under standard test conditions applying Arkopal, the standard surfactant solution, and biodiesel as test media were used to analyze the stepwise growth of cracks and crazes. From considerations based on well‐established fracture mechanics approaches, a theoretical correlation between the length of the actual crack and the length of the preceding craze zone was established that could be evidenced and affirmed by FNCT fracture surface analysis. Moreover, the yield strength of a HDPE material exposed to a certain medium as detected by a classic tensile test was found to be the crucial value of true stress to induce the transition from crack propagation due to the craze‐crack mechanism to shear deformation during FNCT measurements.
Highlights
- Progress of crack formation in high‐density polyethylene is analyzed by different imaging techniques
- Determined growth rates depend on distinction between craze zone and crack
- The ratio of the present crack to the anteceding craze zone is validated theoretically
- The transition from crack propagation to ductile shear deformation is identified
- An already formed craze zone may still fail by ductile mechanisms
The effect of resting time on the rheological properties of cement suspensions is generally explained by early formed structure and overconsumption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs). In this paper, we propose that the influence of resting time on the rheological properties is closely related to size variation of non-absorbed PCE. To identify this, glass bead suspensions were prepared with various amounts of PCE and ionic solution, and their rheological properties were evaluated at various times. We found that the yield stress increases with time at higher PCE concentrations and higher ionic strength solutions. Adsorbed PCE during resting tends to bridge the particles rather than disperse them. In addition, it was found that hydrodynamic radius of PCE increased with resting time, and depletion forces resulting from non-absorbed PCE size changes correlate well with the increased yield stress.
The current lack of quantitative knowledge on processing-microstructure–property relationships is one of the major bottlenecks in today’s rapidly expanding field of additive manufacturing. This is centrally rooted in the nature of the processing, leading to complex microstructural features. Experimentally-guided modeling can offer reliable solutions for the safe application of additively manufactured materials. In this work, we combine a set of systematic experiments and modeling to address creep anisotropy and its correlation with microstructural characteristics in laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC (IN738LC). Three sample orientations (with the tensile axis parallel, perpendicular, and 45° tilted, relative to the building direction) are crept at 850 °C, accompanied by electron backscatter secondary diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. A crystal plasticity (CP) model for Ni-base superalloys, capable of modeling different types of slip systems, is developed and combined with various polycrystalline representative volume elements (RVEs) built on the experimental measurements. Besides our experiments, we verify our modeling framework on electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC. The results of our simulations show that while the crystallographic texture alone cannot explain the observed creep anisotropy, the superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (SESF) and related microtwinning slip systems play major roles as active deformation mechanisms. We confirm this using TEM investigations, revealing evidence of SESFs in crept specimens. We also show that the elongated grain morphology can result in higher creep rates, especially in the specimens with a tilted tensile axis.
Processing and cytocompatibility of Cu-doped and undoped fluoride-containing bioactive glasses
(2024)
Sintered or additive-manufactured bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds are highly interesting for bone replacement applications. However, crystallization often limits the high-temperature processability of bioactive glasses (BGs). Thus, the BG composition must combine high bioactivity and processability. In this study, three BGs with nominal molar (%) compositions 54.6SiO2-1.7P2O3-22.1CaO-6.0Na2O-7.9K2O-7.7MgO (13–93), 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-36.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2 (F3) and 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-35.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2-1.0CuO (F3–Cu) were investigated. The dissolution and ion release kinetics were investigated on milled glass powder and crystallized particles (500–600 μm). All glasses showed the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals after 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. No significant differences in ion release from glass and crystalline samples were detected. The influence of surface roughness on cytocompatibility and growth of preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was investigated on sintered and polished BG pellets. Results showed that sintered BG pellets were cytocompatible, and cells were seen to be well attached and spread on the surface after 5 days of incubation. The results showed an inverse relation of cell viability with the surface roughness of pellets, and cells were seen to attach and spread along the direction of scratches.
AbstractPowder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) has gained more industrial relevance and already demonstrated applications at a small series scale. However, its widespread adoption in various use cases faces challenges due to the absence of interfaces to established Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) that support customers in the predominantly data-driven quality assurance. Current state-of-the-art PBF-LB/M machines utilize communication architectures, such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). In the context of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the assets, particularly the physical PBF-LB/M machines, already have an integration layer implemented to communicate data such as process states or sensor values. Missing is an MES component acting as a communication and information layer. To address this gap, the proposed Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipeline aims to extract relevant data from the fabrication of each build cycle down to the level of scan vectors and additionally to register process signals. The suggested data schema for archiving each build cycle adheres to all terms defined by ISO/TC 261—Additive Manufacturing (AM). In relation to the measurement frequency, all data are reorganized into entities, such as the AM machine, build cycle, part, layer, and scan vector. These scan vectors are stored in a runtime-independent format, including all metadata, to be valid and traceable. The resulting machine log represents a comprehensive documentation of each build cycle, enabling data-driven quality assurance at process level.
For a deep process understanding of the laser powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M), recording of the occurring surface temperatures is of utmost interest and would help to pave the way for reliable process monitoring and quality assurance. A notable number of approaches for in-process monitoring of the PBF-LB/M process focus on the monitoring of thermal process signatures. However, due to the elaborate calibration effort and the lack of knowledge about the occurring spectral directional emissivity, only a few approaches attempt to measure real temperatures. In this study, to gain initial insights into occurring in the PBF-LB/M process, measurements on PBF-LB/M specimens and metal powder specimens were performed for higher temperatures up to T = 1290 °C by means of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) of the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAE, Wuerzburg, Germany). Also, measurements at ambient temperatures were performed with a suitable measurement setup. Two different materials—stainless steel 316L and aluminum AlSi10Mg—were examined. The investigated wavelength λ ranges from the visible range (λ-VIS= 0.40–0.75 µm) up to the infrared, λ = 20 µm. The influence of the following factors were investigated: azimuth angle φ, specimen temperature TS, surface texture as for PBF-LB/M surfaces with different scan angles α, and powder surfaces with different layer thicknesses t.
High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion of high Cr and Ni alloys investigated by in‐situ diffraction
(2024)
High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion in laboratory air was observed in situ utilizing X‐ray diffraction. High Cr‐containing model alloys (Fe‐13Cr, Fe‐18Cr‐12Ni, and Fe‐25Cr‐20Ni) were coated with KCl and exposed to dry air at 560°C. KCl‐free alloys were studied in the equivalent atmosphere as a reference. After exposure to KCl‐free environments, all alloys showed the formation of very thin oxide layers, indicating good corrosion resistance. In contrast, KCl‐bearing alloys showed distinct damage after exposure.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used in several industrial applications such as con-struction, railway vehicles and the automotive sector,where the burning behavior is ofcrucial importance. Flame retarded adhesivetapes are developed and provided, however,often without considering the interaction of adhesive tapes and the bonded materialsduring burning nor the contribution of the tapes to fire protection goal of the bondedcomponents in distinct fire tests. This publication delivers an empirical comprehensiveknowledge how adhesive tapes and their flame retardancy effect the burning behaviorof bonded materials. With a special focus on the interaction between the single compo-nents, one flame retarded tape and one tapewithout flame retardant are examined inscenarios of emerging and developing fires, along with their bonds with the commonmaterials wood, zinc-plated steel, mineral wool, polycarbonate, and polymethylmethacry-late. The flame retardant significantly improved the flame retardancy of the tape as afree-standing object and yielded a V-2 rating in UL 94 vertical test and raised the OxygenIndex by 5 vol.%. In bonds, or rather laminates, the investigations prove that the choiceof carrier and substrates are the factors with the greatest impact on the fire propertiesand can change the peak of heat release rate and the maximum average rate of heatemission up to 25%. This research yielded a good empirical overall understanding of thefire behavior of adhesive tapes and bonded materials. Thus, it serves as a guide for tapemanufacturers and applicants to develop tapes and bonds more substrate specific.
Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging technology. Freecontouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Inthe future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasingrequired materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality ofexecution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstratethe advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to thecontinuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude varia-tions in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative samplefor the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer duringprinting could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitor-ing is required to record and document the printing process.At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive man-ufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of amortar during the printing process.The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based onexperimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bing-ham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipeswith integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized.Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoingprocess.
Barriers to transitioning to a circular bio-based economy: Findings from an industrial perspective
(2024)
The transition from a linear fossil-based to a circular bio-based economy represents an opportunity and a suitable pathway for achieving several sustainable development goals. However, the transition is a complex process since it requires transformative policies, purposeful innovation, access to finance, risk-taking capacity as well as new and sustainable business models and markets. Accordingly, the first step in this transition process is the identification of barriers that are hampering the transition to a sustainable circular bio-based economy. With this motivation in mind, this study reviews grey literature to identify barriers focusing on four critical sectors facing major challenges within the current linear economy and requiring a sustainable transition most urgently: construction, chemicals, plastics, and textile sectors. Employing an adapted STEEP methodology (Social, Technological, Economical, Environmental, Political), a total of 193 different barriers have been identified and clustered under six categories: cultural, technical, economic, environmental, governance, and structural. Regardless of the sector, cultural and structural barriers are identified as the most prominent; the lack of incentives for consumer behaviour change and lack of stakeholder collaboration were the most cited barriers among the literature records. From a value chain perspective, most of the barriers are related to the material processing and product manufacturing stage. Finally, potential solutions, extracted from the grey literature, are proposed to fill the gaps and overcome the identified barriers. Many of the identified barriers are common across the four investigated sectors, indicating the solutions or measures can be applicable in a wider perspective to promote the transition in the right direction.
Machine learning-assisted equivalent circuit identification for dielectric spectroscopy of polymers
(2024)
Polymers have become indispensable across fields of application, and understanding their structure–property relationships and dynamic behaviour is essential for performance optimization. Polymer membranes, particularly ion exchange membranes, play a crucial role in renewable energy conversion technologies, fuel cells, solar energy conversion, and energy storage. In this context, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) offers a powerful, non-destructive approach to investigate the electrical response and relaxation dynamics of polymers. These properties are investigated by parametrizing the system’s impedance response in terms of a network of circuit elements, i.e. the electrical equivalent circuit (EEC), whose impedance resembles the one of the system under investigation. However, the determination of the EEC from BDS data is challenging due to system complexity, interdependencies of circuit elements, and researcher biases. In this work, we propose a novel approach that incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the EEC topology. By reducing user bias and enhancing data analysis, this approach aims to make BDS accessible to both experienced users and those with limited expertise. We show that the combination of machine learning and BDS provides valuable insights into the dynamic behaviour of polymer membranes, thus facilitating the design and characterization of tailored polymers for various applications. We also show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods with a top-5 accuracy of around 80% for predicting the circuit topology and a parameter fitting error as low as 0.05%.
Homochirality is an obvious feature of life on Earth. On the other hand, extraterrestrial samples contain largely racemic compounds. The same is true for any common organic synthesis. Therefore, it has been a perplexing puzzle for decades how these racemates could have formed enantiomerically enriched fractions as a basis for the origin of homochiral life forms. Numerous hypotheses have been put forward as to how preferentially homochiral molecules could have formed and accumulated on Earth. In this article, it is shown that homochirality of the abiotic organic pool at the time of formation of the first self-replicating molecules is not necessary and not even probable. It is proposed to abandon the notion of a molecular ensemble and to focus on the level of individual molecules. Although the formation of the first self-replicating, most likely homochiral molecule, is a seemingly improbable event, on a closer look, it is almost inevitable that some homochiral molecules have formed simply on a statistical basis. In this case, the non-selective leap to homochirality would be one of the first steps in chemical evolution directly out of a racemic “ocean”. Moreover, most studies focus on the chirality of the primordial monomers with respect to an asymmetric carbon atom. However, any polymer with a minimal size that allows folding to a secondary structure would spontaneously lead to asymmetric higher structures (conformations). Most of the functions of these polymers would be influenced by this inherently asymmetric folding. Furthermore, a concept of physical compartmentalization based on rock nanopores in analogy to nanocavities of digital immunoassays is introduced to suggest that complex cell walls or membranes were also not required for the first steps of chemical evolution. To summarize, simple and universal mechanisms may have led to homochiral self-replicating systems in the context of chemical evolution. A homochiral monomer pool is deemed unnecessary and probably never existed on primordial Earth.
The transition toward a hydrogen-based economy requires a widespread transport and distribution network, and repurposed natural gas pipelines are a viable option. An assessment of the hydrogen-induced degradation of pipeline steels is needed to inject H2 gas into the existing infrastructure safely. The conservative and standardized method consists of in-situ tensile tests in an autoclave filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas. A proposed alternative method involves
using a hollow specimen as containment volume and applying the gas pressure in the inner cavity.
This technique has lower costs and shorter test preparation time but is not standardized yet. This study aims to evaluate and compare the tensile properties of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in two states: vintage and modern. The influence of the surface roughness is investigated through parallel tests with drilled and reamed specimens. Hydrogen tests are compared with reference tests in an inert environment. A significant hydrogen-induced decrease in tensile properties is observed, and no significant difference between vintage and modern X65 can be drawn. The reduction in tensile properties is more significant in specimens with higher inner surface roughness. The evaluation of surface conditions appears crucial when assessing the HE susceptibility of hydrogen transport and storage equipment.
Additively manufactured components are characterized by heterogeneous mechanical properties due to variations of the microstructure, flaws and residual stresses resulting from the inhomogeneous fabrication process. The large number of influencing factors poses a further challenge in understanding the correlation between material properties, process parameters and component geometry. Therefore, the qualification of components based on witness specimens produced within the same job is questionable. This work aims to present a new strategy for the characterization of PBF-LB/M components based on representative specimens. The key assumption is the feasibility of a transfer of the thermal history from a component to a specimen. It is assumed that similar material properties are determined for components and specimens produced adopting a similar thermal history. After the definition of a region of interest in the component, a combination of thermal analyses by means of finite elements and in-situ experimental determination of the thermal history through infrared thermography is used to produce test coupons with a similar thermal history. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated on a pressure vessel for applications in the chemical industry.
Compared to mechanisms like solid solution strengthening, the stacking fault energy (SFE) should be considered as a further factor that influences the material properties. The effect of SFE of alloys or individual elements on strength and resistance can vary considerably. In the high-temperature regime above 700 ◦C, there are still significant gaps in the knowledge about the effect of the SFE on the mechanical properties of single-phase alloys. The effect of SFE on creep resistance of two face-entered cubic equiatomic medium and high entropy alloys, CrCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi, respectively, is evaluated to fill parts of these gaps. Using the Bridgman solidification process, the alloys were produced as single crystals and crept under vacuum at 700 ◦C up to 1100 ◦C. This work shows a significant impact of the lower SFE of CrCoNi on the creep behavior compared to the results of previous investigations of CrMnFeCoNi. The creep resistance of the former is higher over the complete temperature range. At very high temperatures, the strengthening effect of the stacking faults is significantly present. The formation of tetragonal stacking faults and extended dislocation nodes can be identified as the reason for this effect.
The emission of ultrafine particles from small desktop Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printers has been frequently investigated in the past years. However, the vast majority of FFF emission and exposure studies have not considered the possible occurrence of particles below the typical detection limit of Condensation Particle Counters and could have systematically underestimated the total particle emission as well as the related exposure risks. Therefore, we comparatively measured particle number concentrations and size distributions of sub-4 nm particles with two commercially available diethylene glycol-based instruments – the TSI 3757 Nano Enhancer and the Airmodus A10 Particle Size Magnifier. Both instruments were evaluated for their suitability of measuring FFF-3D printing emissions in the sub-4 nm size range while operated as a particle counter or as a particle size spectrometer. For particle counting, both instruments match best when the Airmodus system was adjusted to a cut-off of 1.5 nm. For size spectroscopy, both instruments show limitations due to either the fast dynamics or rather low levels of particle emissions from FFF-3D printing in this range. The effects are discussed in detail in this article. The findings could be used to implement sub-4 nm particle measurement in future emission or exposure studies, but also for the development of standard test protocols for FFF-3D printing emissions.
AbstractThe increasing threat of forest fires on a global scale is not only a matter of concern due to the potential harm they may cause to both human and animal life but also due to their significant role in exacerbating climate change. In light of these circumstances, one might inquire as to whether forest soil can self‐ignite and, if so, under what conditions and at what temperatures this phenomenon may occur. This question is being addressed in the German pilot “Fire science of wildfires and safety measures” of the EU project TREEADS, and the first results are presented below. The importance of basic research into the self‐ignition of forest soil cannot be underestimated, as it provides crucial knowledge to prevent forest fires and protect human and animal health. Furthermore, mitigating the occurrence of forest fires can also play a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. The procedure of the hot storage test is an effective means of determining whether a material can self‐ignite. During the investigation of six soil samples, it was found that five of them were indeed capable of self‐ignition. In addition to determining whether the material ignites, the modified hot storage test also analyzed the resulting smoke gases and measured their concentration. The research question of whether regional forest soil is capable of self‐ignition can be answered with yes based on these initial tests. Further experiments are needed to determine if self‐ignition causes forest fires.
Peptide pools consist of short amino acid sequences and have proven to be versatile tools in various research areas in immunology and clinical applications. They are commercially available in many different compositions and variants. However, unlike other reagents that consist of only one or a few compounds, peptide pools are highly complex products which makes their quality control a major challenge. Quantitative peptide analysis usually requires sophisticated methods, in most cases isotope-labeled standards and reference materials. Usually, this would be prohibitively laborious and expensive. Therefore, an approach is needed to provide a practical and feasible method for quality control of peptide pools. With insufficient quality control, the use of such products could lead to incorrect experimental results, worsening the well-known reproducibility crisis in the biomedical sciences. Here we propose the use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with two detectors, a standard UV detector at 214 nm for quantitative analysis and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) for identity confirmation. To be cost-efficient and fast, quantification and identification are performed in one chromatographic run. An optimized protocol is shown, and different peak integration methods are compared and discussed. This work was performed using a peptide pool known as CEF advanced, which consists of 32 peptides derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and influenza virus, ranging from 8 to 12 amino acids in length.
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DCF) is an important environmental contaminant occurring in surface waters all over the world, because, after excretion, it is not adequately removed from wastewater in sewage treatment plants. To be able to monitor this pollutant, highly efficient analytical methods are needed, including immunoassays. In a medical research project, monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac and its metabolites had been produced. Based on this monoclonal anti-DCF antibody, a new indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for environmental samples. The introduction of a spacer between diclofenac and the carrier protein in the coating conjugate led to higher sensitivity. With a test midpoint of 3 mg L−1 and a measurement range of 1–30 mg L−1, the system is not sensitive enough for direct analysis of surface water. However, this assay is quite robust against matrix influences and can be used for wastewater. Without adjustment of the calibration, organic solvents up to 5%, natural organic matter (NOM) up to 10 mg L−1, humic acids up to 2.5 mg L−1, and salt concentrations up to 6 g L−1 NaCl and 75 mg L−1 CaCl2 are tolerated. The antibody is also stable in a pH range from 3 to 12. Cross-reactivity (CR) of 1% or less was determined for the metabolites 40-hydroxydiclofenac (40-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF), DCF lactam, and other NSAIDs. Relevant cross-reactivity occurred only with an amide derivative of DCF, 6-aminohexanoic acid (DCF-Ahx), aceclofenac (ACF) and DCF methyl ester (DCF-Me) with 150%, 61% and 44%, respectively. These substances, however, have not been found in samples. Only DCF-acyl glucuronide with a cross-reactivity of 57% is of some relevance. For the first time, photodegradation products were tested for cross-reactivity. With the ELISA based on this antibody, water samples were analysed. In sewage treatment plant effluents, concentrations in the range of 1.9–5.2 mg L−1 were determined directly, with recoveries compared to HPLC-MS/MS averaging 136%.
Concentrations in lakes ranged from 3 to 4.4 ng L−1 and were, after pre-concentration, determined with an average recovery of 100%
The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water poses a significant threat to human and animal health, as recognized by regulatory agencies throughout the world. The Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay is an excellent method to evaluate the presence of these compounds in water due to its simplicity and capacity to assess the bioaccessible forms/fractions of these compounds. In the presence of a compound with estrogenic activity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, containing a lacZ reporter gene encoding the enzyme β-galactosidase, are induced, the enzyme is synthesised, and released to the extracellular medium. In this work, a YES-based approach encompassing the use of a lacZ reporter gene modified strain of S. cerevisiae, microcarriers as solid support, and a fluorescent substrate, fluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside, is proposed, allowing for the assessment of EDCs’ presence after only 2 h of incubation. The proposed method provided an EC50 of 0.17 ± 0.03 nM and an LLOQ of 0.03 nM, expressed as 17β-estradiol. The assessment of different EDCs provided EC50 values between 0.16 and 1.2 × 103 nM. After application to wastewaters, similar results were obtained for EDCs screening, much faster, compared to the conventional 45 h spectrophotometric procedure using a commercial kit, showing potential for onsite high-throughput screening of environmental contamination.
The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks? The storage of cryogenic fuels requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the fluid cold and limit the formation of boil-off gas. TSI has proven itself in some applications since the middle of the 20th century, but in the land transport sector they are still quite new, where accidents involving fires, collisions, and their combination are to be expected. This work focuses on investigating the behavior of different types of TSI while exposed to a heat source representing a fire. To this aim, a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was applied, which allows the thermal loading of a thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow transported through the TSI in parallel. In this study, the results of 6 samples are presented regarding 3 types of MLI, rock wool, perlites, and microspheres. The thermal exposure caused different effects on the samples. In practice, this can be connected to the rapid release of flammable gases as well as to a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). These results are relevant for reducing the risks to people and infrastructures in the progressive establishment of tanks for cryogenic fluids in our industry and society. The data presented in the study can be used to improve the design of tanks and TSIs, the assessment of accident scenarios, and the development of measures for first responders.
Discotic ionic liquid crystals (DILCs) consist of self-assembled superdiscs of cations and anions that spontaneously stack in linear columns with high one-dimensional ionic and electronic charge mobility, making them prominent model systems for functional soft matter. Compared to classical nonionic discotic liquid crystals, many liquid crystalline structures with a combination of electronic and ionic conductivity have been reported, which are of interest for separation membranes, artificial ion/proton conducting membranes, and optoelectronics. Unfortunately, a homogeneous alignment of the DILCs on the macroscale is often not achievable, which significantly limits the applicability of DILCs. Infiltration into nanoporous solid scaffolds can, in principle, overcome this drawback. However, due to the experimental challenges to scrutinize liquid crystalline order in extreme spatial confinement, little is known about the structures of DILCs in nanopores. Here, we present temperaturedependent high-resolution optical birefringence measurement and 3D reciprocal space mapping based on synchrotron X-ray scattering to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of dopamine-based ionic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical channels of 180 nm diameter in macroscopic anodic aluminum oxide membranes. As a function of the membranes’ hydrophilicity and thus the molecular anchoring to the pore walls (edge-on or face-on) and the variation of the hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance between the aromatic cores and the alkyl side chain motifs of the superdiscs by tailored chemical synthesis, we find a particularly rich phase behavior, which is not present in the bulk state. It is governed by a complex interplay of liquid crystalline elastic energies (bending and splay deformations), polar interactions, and pure geometric confinement and includes textural transitions between radial and axial alignment of the columns with respect to the long nanochannel axis. Furthermore, confinement-induced continuous order formation is observed in contrast to discontinuous first-order phase transitions, which can be quantitatively described by Landau-de Gennes free energy models for liquid crystalline order transitions in confinement. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of DILCs into nanoporous solids allows tailoring their nanoscale texture and ion channel formation and thus their electrical and optical functionalities over an even wider range than in the bulk state in a homogeneous manner on the centimeter scale as controlled by the monolithic nanoporous scaffolds.
Concretes produced from salt aggregate and hybrid alkaline cements, an alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend, or a Portland cement were exposed to a magnesium chloride-rich saline solution ([Mg2+] = 3.6 m, [Cl−] = 8.3 m), representing a solution formed after contact of surface water with evaporite rock (rock salt) in a nuclear waste repository. The hydration and deterioration of the concretes were studied with X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, pH mapping and permeability measurements. The results show that calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) or sodium-substituted calcium aluminium silicate hydrate (C-N-A-S-H) and Friedel's salt were the major reaction products in the concretes prior to exposure to the saline solution. During exposure to the saline solution, increasing amounts of C-S-H/C-N-A-S-H dissolved, and gypsum and a secondary AFm phase formed. The durability of the concretes improved with increasing amounts of Portland clinker in the cements, due to the associated differences in permeability and chemical resistance. Nevertheless, a massive increase of permeability occurred for all concretes, likely caused by crack formation due to the formation of gypsum from anhydrite in the salt aggregate. Thus, the behavior of the concretes differed from, and was more complex than, the behavior of plain cement pastes.
A systematic series of industrial-relevant polystyrene-based anion exchange resins that are functionalized with hydro- or fluorocarbon chains are compared regarding their adsorption behavior toward perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) in respect to their charge, chain length, and type of chain. The results clearly show the dominance of electrostatic interactions in the adsorption process as uncharged adsorber materials showed no adsorption at all. In contrast, the charged adsorber materials showed in general a PFCA removal of 80% to 30% over the experiment depending on effluent fraction.
Unexpectedly, for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) the highest removal rate is found with consistently >90%. Despite observing significant benefits in the adsorption of PFCA for fluoroalkylated adsorbers in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, this effect of fluoroalkylation is comparatively small and can not be clearly attributed to fluorophilic interactions between the fluoroalkyl chains. These findings help clarifying that the introduction of fluorocarbon moieties in adsorber materials is not necessary in order to remove fluorocarbon molecules from the environment.
Sacrifice Few to Save Many: Fire Protective Interlayers in Carbon- Fiber-Reinforced Laminates
(2024)
The fire protection of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates often relies on flame-retardant coatings, but in some applications, their efficacy may diminish upon direct fire exposure due to rapid pyrolysis. This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating protective interlayers within the laminate structure to enhance the fire resistance. Various materials, including ceramic composite WHIPOX, titanium foil, poly(etherimide) (PEI) foil, basalt fibers, rubber mat, and hemp fibers, were selected as protective interlayers. These interlayers were strategically placed within the laminate layout to form a sacrificial barrier, safeguarding the integrity of the composite. Bench-scale fire resistance tests were conducted, where fire (180 kW/m2) was applied directly to the one side of the specimen by a burner while a compressive load was applied at the same time. Results indicate significant prolongation of time to failure for CFRP laminates with protective interlayers, which is up to 10 times longer. This innovative approach represents a potential advance in fire protection strategies for CFRP laminates, offering improved resilience against fire-induced structural failure.
Exploring the electrochemical and physical stability of lithium-ion cells exposed to liquid nitrogen
(2024)
The transport and storage of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries — damaged or in an undefined state — is a major safety concern for regulatory institutions, transportation companies, and manufacturers. Since (electro)chemical reactivity is exponentially temperature-dependent, cooling such batteries is an obvious measure for increasing their safety.
The present study explores the effect of cryogenic freezing on the electrochemical and physical stability of Li-ion cells. For this purpose, three different types of cells were repeatedly exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2).
Before and after each cooling cycle, electrical and electrochemical measurements were conducted to assess the impact of the individual freezing steps. While the electrochemical behavior of the cells did not change significantly upon exposure to LN2 , it became apparent that a non-negligible number of cells suffered from physical changes (swelling) and functional failures. The latter defect was found to be caused by the current interrupt device of the cylindrical cells. This safety mechanism is triggered by the overpressure of expanding nitrogen which enters the cells at cryogenic temperatures.
This study underlines that the widely accepted reversibility of LN2 -cooling on a material scale does not allow for a direct extrapolation toward the physical integrity of full cells. Since nitrogen enters the cell at cryogenic temperatures and expands upon rethermalization, it can cause an internal overpressure. This can, in turn, lead to mechanical damage to the cell. Consequently, a more appropriate temperature condition — less extreme than direct LN2 exposure — needs to be found
Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants.
Impact of organic phosphates on the structure and composition of short-range ordered iron nanophases
(2024)
Organic phosphates (OP) are important nutrient components for living cells in natural environments, where they readily interact with ubiquitous iron phases such as hydrous ferric oxide, ferrihydrite (FHY). FHY partakes in many key bio(geo)chemical reactions including iron-mediated carbon storage in soils, or iron-storage in living organisms. However, it is still unknown how OP affects the formation, structure and properties of FHY. Here, we document how β-glycerophosphate (GP), a model OP ligand, affects the structure and properties of GP–FHY nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation at variable nominal molar P/Fe ratios (0.01 to 0.5). All GP–FHY precipitates were characterized by a maximum solid P/Fe ratio of 0.22, irrespective of the nominal P/Fe ratio. With increasing nominal P/Fe ratio, the specific surface area of the GP–FHY precipitates decreased sharply from 290 to 3 m2 g−1, accompanied by the collapse of their pore structure. The Fe–P local bonding environment gradually transitioned from a bidentate binuclear geometry at low P/Fe ratios to monodentate mononuclear geometry at high P/Fe ratios. This transition was accompanied by a decrease in coordination number of edge-sharing Fe polyhedra, and the loss of the corner-sharing Fe polyhedra. We show that Fe(III) polymerization is impeded by GP, and that the GP–FHY structure is highly dependent on the P/Fe ratio. We discuss the role that natural OP-bearing Fe(III) nanophases have in biogeochemical reactions between Fe–P and C species in aquatic systems.
Although the use of noble metal catalysts can increase the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction, the process is still limited by the characteristics of the metal-hydrogen (M−H) bond, which can be too strong or too weak, depending on the metal employed. Studies revealed that the hydrogen affinity for the metal surface (i.e. H absorption/desorption) is regulated also by the potential at the metal nanoparticles. Through controlled periodic illumination (CPI) of a series of metal/TiO2 suspensions, here we demonstrated that an increase of the HER efficiency is possible for those photodeposited metals which have a Tafel slope below 125 mV. Two possible explanations are here reported, in both of them the M−H interaction and the metal covering level play a prominent role, which also depend on the prevailing HER mechanism (Volmer-Heyrovsky or Volmer-Tafel).
Modern dry pressing of ceramic powders using spray‐dried granulates cannot avoid the occurrence of defects related to persisting inter‐ and intra‐granulate interstitial voids. These constitute the parent defect size population limiting the application of polycrystalline ceramics in high‐stress conditions. The mitigation of such defects could widen the range of application in technical and biomedical engineering, reduce the safety range for design, and extend the lifetime of components. Herein, the Weibull size‐effect on strength in size‐partitioned Yttria‐stabilized zirconias (YSZ) feedstocks is used to explore the viability of changing the density distribution of granulate sizes as an effective strategy to obtain a denser particle packing that could reduce the size distribution of strength‐limiting pressing defects. In a direct assessment of critical defect size using multiscale strength testing with a dataset of ≈1300 values, the success of such an approach in increasing the strength reliability for small volume components is demonstrated, along with its ultimate failure in altering the defect size distribution in sintered YSZ ceramics across several length scales. Finally, it is shown that granule morphology (spherical or dimpled) fails to affect the defect density and size distribution in YSZ ceramics.
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with different charge densities were prepared and investigated by a combination of different complementary techniques sensitive to the structure and molecular dynamics of the system. The morphology of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The latter measurements were quantitatively analyzed yielding to molecular parameters in dependence of the charge density like the diameter of the fibrils, the distance between the fibrils, and the dimension of bundles of nanofibrils, including pores. The influence of water on the properties and the charge density is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The TGA measurements reveal two mass loss processes. The one at lower temperatures was related to the loss of water, and the second process at higher temperatures was related to the chemical decomposition. The resulting char yield could be correlated to the distance between the microfibrils. The DSC investigation for hydrated CNFs revealed three glass transitions due to the cellulose segments surrounded by water molecules in different states. In the second heating scan, only one broad glass transition is observed. The dielectric spectra reveal two relaxation processes. At low temperatures or higher frequencies, the β-relaxation is observed, which is assigned to localized fluctuation of the glycosidic linkage. At higher temperatures and lower frequencies, the α-relaxation takes places. This relaxation is due to cooperative fluctuations in the cellulose segments. Both processes were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained parameters such as the relaxation rates were related to both the morphological data, the charge density, and the content of water for the first time.
Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging truly 3D microfabrication technique, exhibits substantial potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Fabricated micro-objects are often expected to undergo shape morphing or bending of the entire structure or its parts. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning is detrimental to the realization of the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are presented that effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy systems. IPNs with varying component ratios are investigated for their microfabrication performance and structural integrity with respect to thermal and micromechanical properties. A variety of high-resolution techniques is applied to comprehensively evaluate IPN properties at the bulk, micron, and segmental levels. This study shows that the MPL laser scanning velocity and power, photoinitiator content, and multi-step exposure can be used to tune the morphology and properties of the IPN. As a result, a library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. New IPN microstructures with Young’s moduli of 3–4 MPa demonstrate high-to-fully elastic responses to deformations, making them promising for applications in morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics, and cell engineering.
Quantitative microstructural analysis of XCT 3D images is key for quality assurance of materials and components. In this paper we implement a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) architecture to segment a complex Al-Si Metal Matrix composite XCT volume (3D image). We train the model on a synthetic dataset and we assess its performance on both synthetic and experimental, manually-labeled, datasets. Our simple GCNN shows a comparable performance, measured via the Dice score, to more standard machine learning methods, but uses a greatly reduced number of parameters (less than 1/10 of parameters), features low training time, and needs little hardware resources. Our GCNN thus achieves a cost-effective reliable segmentation.
Silicon isotope fractionation during silicification is poorly understood and impedes our ability to decipher paleoenvironmental conditions from Si isotopes in ancient cherts. To investigate isotope fractionation during silica-for-carbonate replacement we analyzed the microscale Si and O isotope composition in different silica phases in a silicified zebra dolostone as well as their bulk δ18O and Δ’17O compositions. The subsequent replacement of carbonate layers is mimicked by decreasing δ18O and δ30Si. The textural relationship and magnitude of Si and O isotope fractionation is best explained by near-quantitative silica precipitation in an open system with finite Si. A Rayleigh model for silicification suggests positive Ɛ30/28Si during silicification, conforming with predictions for isotope distribution at chemical equilibrium from ab-initio models. Application of the modelled Ɛ30Si-T relationship yields silicification temperatures of approx. 50°C. To reconcile the δ18Ochert composition with these temperatures, the δ18O of the fluid must have been between -2.5 and -4 ‰, compositions for which the quartz phases fall close to the oxygen equilibrium fractionation line in three-isotope space. Diagenetic silica replacement appears to occur in O and Si isotopic equilibrium allowing reconstructions of temperatures of silicification from Si isotopes and derive the δ18O composition of the fluid – a highly desired value needed for accurate reconstructions of the temperature- and δ18O histories of the oceans.
The glass system (50NaPO3–20BaF2–10CaF2–20GdF3)-xTbCl3 with x = 0.3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % was investigated. We successfully produced transparent glass ceramic (GC) scintillators with x = 1 through a melt-quenching process followed by thermal treatment. The luminescence and crystallization characteristics of these materials were thoroughly examined using various analytical methods. The nanocrystallization of Tb3+-doped Na5Gd9F32 within the doped fluoride-phosphate glasses resulted in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) of the Tb3+ ions. The GC exhibited an internal PL quantum yield of 33 % and the integrated RL intensity across the UV-visible range was 36 % of that reported for the commercial BGO powder scintillator. This research showcases that Tb-doped fluoridephosphate GCs containing nanocrystalline Na5Gd9F32 have the potential to serve as efficient scintillators while having lower melting temperature compared to traditional silicate and germanate glasses.
Quantum dots (QDs) are remarkable semiconductor nanoparticles, whose optical properties are strongly size-dependent. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of crystal growth pathway during synthesis gives an excellent opportunity to a smart design of the QDs luminescence. In this work, we present a new approach for monitoring the formation of QDs in aqueous solution up to 90 °C, through in situ luminescence analysis, using CdTe as a model system. This technique allows a detailed examination of the evolution of their light emission. In contrast to in situ absorbance analysis, the in situ luminescence measurements in reflection geometry are particularly advantageous once they are not hindered by the concentration increase of the colloidal suspension. The synthesized particles were additionally characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, transition electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-based thiols are covalently bound on the surface of QDs and microscopy revealed the formation of CdS. Setting a total of 3 h of reaction time, for instance, the QDs synthesized at 70, 80 and 90 °C exhibit emission maxima centered at 550, 600 and 655 nm. The in situ monitoring approach opens doors for a more precise achievement of the desired emission wavelength of QDs.
It is an essential requirement for all building products to ensure durability of their fire safety. Throughout the working life of products, intumescent coatings are aged by certain climatic factors. To predict a lifetime of several years, generally the behaviour of the intumescent coating is extrapolated based on accelerated artificial ageing. The established German and European procedures to assess the durability assume a working life of at least 10 years. For a longer period, additional evidence is required; yet the procedure and the specifications to justify this are not described. In addition to addressing this formal lack, from a scientific point of view it is necessary to investigate the degradation of intumescent coatings in detail and to propose a reliable test concept to assess durability for more than 10 years. This paper summarises the existing knowledge about the ageing of intumescent coatings. The results of various demanding weathering approaches are presented for two intumescent coatings tested in a joint research project. Moreover, formulations with a reduced amount of functionally relevant components were analysed to gain insight into the associated effects. Derived from these research results and knowledge, recommendations are proposed to assess the durability of intumescent coatings for more than 10 years based on a combination of verifications.
Upconverting nanoparticles are essential in modern photonics due to their ability to convert infrared light to visible light. Despite their significance, they exhibit limited brightness, a key drawback that can be addressed by combining them with plasmonic nanoparticles. Plasmon-enhanced upconversion has been widely demonstrated in dry environments, where upconverting nanoparticles are immobilized, but constitutes a challenge in liquid media where Brownian motion competes against immobilization.
This study employs optical tweezers for the three-dimensional manipulation of an individual upconverting nanoparticle, enabling the exploration of plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence in water. Contrary to expectation, experiments reveal a long-range (micrometer scale) and moderate (20%) enhancement in upconversion luminescence due to the plasmonic resonances of gold nanostructures. Comparison between experiments and numerical simulations evidences the key role of Brownian motion. It is demonstrated how the three-dimensional Brownian fluctuations of the upconverting nanoparticle lead to an “average effect” that explains the magnitude and spatial extension of luminescence enhancement.
Modern life and global communication would not be possible without technologically tailored thin films; they are omnipresent in daily life applications. In most cases, the films are deposited entirely at the carrying substrates in a specific processing step of the device or sample. In some cases, however, removal or modification must be performed locally, i.e., site-controlled and material selective through an additional laser processing step. For that ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond and picosecond range can provide unique advantages and capabilities in industrially scalable schemes. This article reviews the current state of the research and corresponding industrial transfer related to the structuring of thin films by ultrashort pulsed lasers. It focuses on the pertinent historic developments, reveals the relevant physical and chemical effects, explores the ultimate limits, and discusses selected industrial and scientific applications.
A steel pipeline segment of 2.5 m length was subjected to quasi-static four-point bending load in three steps for studying the initial cracking and damage accumulation based on the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique and by the direct current potential drop (DCPD) technique. For the latter, a new post-test analysis method was established.
AE is found more sensitive to crack initiation than DCPD. Formation of mesoscopic and macroscopic cracks as well as their closure and the resulting friction generate weighted peak frequencies below 400 kHz, whereas microscopic cracking produces AE with broad band spectra identifiable by weighted peak frequencies above 400 kHz. Critical states alike the maximum load level and the leak opening were accompanied by peak amplitudes above 85 dBAE. This rather fundamental study provides a data base for possibly developing advanced strategies of detection and alarm systems based on acoustic monitoring of pipelines, or at least, steel structures.
Creep-fatigue of P92 in service-like tests with combined stress- and strain-controlled dwell times
(2023)
Complex service-like relaxation- and creep-fatigue tests with strain- and stress-controlled dwells and fatigue cycle durations of approx. 2200 s were performed exemplarily on a grade P92 steel at 620 ◦C in this study. The results indicate deviations in the prevailing creep mechanisms of long-term relaxation and creep dwells, affecting subsequent dwells, load shifts, and the macroscopic softening behavior quite differently. In addition, fracture surfaces and longitudinal metallographic sections reveal intergranular crack growth for complex loading with stress-controlled dwells, whereas complex strain-controlled tests enhance oxidation and transgranular crack propagation. These findings substantiate the limited transferability of relaxation-fatigue to creep-fatigue conditions.
Clean technologies play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that can be used in many applications. We explore the global hydrogen technological innovation system (TIS) by analyzing the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Since the adoption of hydrogen technologies requires trust in their safety,this study specifically also focuses on hydrogen safety. Our results show that general and hydrogen safety research has increased significantly while patenting experienced stagnation. An analysis of the non-patent literature in safety patents shows little recognition of scientific publications. Similarly, publications are underrepresented in the analyzed 75 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards. This limited transfer of knowledge from published research to standards points to the necessity for greater involvement of researchers in standardization. We further derive implications for the hydrogen TIS and recommendations for a better and more impactful alignment of the three transfer channels.
This work explores the feasibility of producing bead-on-plate welds of a CrCoNi medium entropy alloy and a CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy using electron beam welding. The alloys were welded in two states: one in an as-cold-rolled condition and the other in an annealed condition. In addition, the materials are welded with two different parameters. The FCC microstructure of the welds is investigated using scanning electron microscopy assisted by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction. The impact of the weld on the microstructure is discussed. The heat-affected zone is negligible for the annealed condition of both medium and high entropy alloys since there is no driving force for recrystallisation and the exposure time to high temperature is insufficient for grain coarsening. The texture formed in the fusion zone is also discussed and compared to the texture in the base metal and the heat-affected zone. Although the grain growth along the (100) crystallographic direction is preferential in all cases, the crystallographic texture type differs from each weld. Higher hardness values are measured in the medium entropy alloy’s base metal and fusion zone than in the high entropy alloy.
The article covers data on the Brinell hardness of the forged precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the initial T61 condition (i. e. slightly underaged) and after isothermal aging for up to 25,0 0 0 h at aging temperatures between 160 °C and 350 °C. In addition, the hardness was determined on specimens after creep testing at 190 °C and various stresses. The hardness decreases with increasing ag- ing time due to the microstructural evolution of the harden- ing precipitates. The drop occurs faster the higher the aging temperature. Aging under creep load additionally accelerates the hardness decrease.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of interest in many different fields. Among them are food and fragrance analysis, environmental and atmospheric research, industrial applications, security or medical and life science. In the past, the characterization of these compounds was mostly performed via sample collection and off-site analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the gold standard. While powerful, this method also has several drawbacks such as being slow, expensive, and demanding on the user. For decades, intense research has been dedicated to find methods for fast VOC analysis on-site with time and spatial resolution. We present the working principles of the most important, utilized, and researched technologies for this purpose and highlight important publications from the last five years. In this overview, non-selective gas sensors, electronic noses, spectroscopic methods, miniaturized gas chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and direct injection mass spectrometry are covered. The advantages and limitations of the different methods are compared. Finally, we give our outlook into the future progression of this field of research.
In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.In 2005, a team of Polish archaeologists discovered three Coptic codices, two on papyrus and one on parchment, in the rubbish dump of a hermitage at Sheik Abd el-Gurna, Egypt. While the parchment codex and the remains of the bindings of the papyrus ones have been conserved, the text blocks of the papyrus codices were opened and disassembled and after being disinfected remained untouched for nearly 15 years, until the current project started. Currently, all three books are stored in the collection of the Coptic Museum in Cairo. Our team undertook the conservation of and archaeometric research on the papyrus codices. The first of the books contains the Canons of Pseudo-Basil, while the second is an Encomium of St. Pisenthios. Both codices have been palaeographically dated to the seventh-eighth centuries CE. In this paper, we describe our project and present the results of the work carried out on the Canons of Pseudo-Basil. Our work involved photography in transmitted light, measurements of the thickness of the papyrus leaves, and digital microscopy under three-light illumination. These measurements allowed us to determine the types of the inks and characterize the papyrus writing substrate. For conservation, we used a novel method developed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that comprises suspending papyrus folios on a translucent, extremely thin Japanese paper inside glass frames without the use of adhesives.
The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
Alloy 36 (1.3912), also known as “Invar,” is an alloy with 36% nickel. The alloy has a remarkably low thermal expansion coefficient in certain temperature ranges. This peculiarity is called the invar effect, which was discovered in 1896 by the Swiss physicist Charles Édouard Guillaume. Therefore, it is used in applications in which dimensional stability is critical, such as molding tools for composite materials in aerospace, automotive applications, or liquified natural gas (LNG) cargo tanks. Moreover, increasingly complex structures and the optimization of resource efficiency also require additive manufacturing steps for the production or repair of components. Additively manufactured components have a heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties. In addition, the manufactured components require subsequent machining surface finishing, like finish milling, to achieve their final contour. Nickel iron alloys are difficult to machine. Additionally, inhomogeneous microstructure may lead to unstable cutting forces and conditions. In part I of this investigation, the initial alloy 36 is modified with the elements Ti, Zr, and Hf up to a maximum of 0.33 wt.-%. The influence of the modification elements on the microstructure as well as on the hardness of the AM components is examined. Furthermore, one modification is applied to metal arc welding process and investigated. Part II focuses on the effect of the alloy modifications on machinability as well as on the surface integrity of plasma-transferred-arc-welded (PTA) and finish milled invar components.
Microscopic knowledge of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of scandium fluoride is still incomplete despite the relevance of this material as an intermediate for the manufacturing of Al−Sc alloys. In a work based on first-principles calculations and X-ray spectroscopy, we assess the stability and electronic structure of six computationally predicted ScF3 polymorphs, two of which correspond to experimentally resolved single-crystal phases. In the theoretical analysis based on density functional theory (DFT), we identify similarities among the polymorphs based on their formation energies, chargedensity distribution, and electronic properties (band gaps and density of states). We find striking analogies between the results obtained for the ow- and high-temperature phases of the material, indirectly confirming that the transition occurring between them mainly consists of a rigid rotation of the lattice. With this knowledge, we examine the X-ray absorption spectra from the Sc and F K-edge contrasting firstprinciples results obtained from the solution of the Bethe−Salpeter equation on top of all-electron DFT with high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection measurements. Analysis of the computational results sheds light on the electronic origin of the absorption maxima and provides information on the prominent excitonic effects that characterize all spectra. A comparison with measurements confirms that the sample is mainly composed of the high- and low-temperature polymorphs of ScF3. However, some fine details in the experimental results suggest that the probed powder sample may contain defects and/or residual traces of metastable polymorphs.
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are frequently used, especially in applications requiring high strength combined with high corrosion resistance in aggressive media. Examples include power plant components and maritime structures. During welding of these steels, local variations in chemical composition can occur. This results in ferritization of the material and negatively affects the mechanical properties of the components. In this work, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding experiments were performed with DSS. Chemical composition analysis was realized in situ by using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The aim of the work is to quantitatively measure the chemical composition in the weld seam of various DSS and to identify possible influences of welding parameters on the microstructure of the material. The chemical concentrations of the main alloying elements Cr, Ni, Mn on the surface of the sample during the welding process and the cooling process were measured. Mn and Ni are austenite stabilizers and their content increases during welding by using certain high alloyed filler material. Spectra were recorded every 1.3 s at a spacing of approximately 2 mm. During the cooling process the location of the measurement was not changed. The LIBS method is proofed to be suitable for the quantitative representation of the chemical compositions during the welding process.
The greatest challenge when using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for automatic segmentation of microstructural X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data is the acquisition of sufficient and relevant data to train the working network. Traditionally, these have been attained by manually annotating a few slices for 2D DCNNs. However, complex multiphase microstructures would presumably be better segmented with 3D networks. However, manual segmentation labeling for 3D problems is prohibitive. In this work, we introduce a method for generating synthetic XCT data for a challenging six-phase Al–Si alloy composite reinforced with ceramic fibers and particles. Moreover, we propose certain data augmentations (brightness, contrast, noise, and blur), a special in-house designed deep convolutional neural network (Triple UNet), and a multi-view forwarding strategy to promote generalized learning from synthetic data and therefore achieve successful segmentations. We obtain an overall Dice score of 0.77. Lastly, we prove the detrimental effects of artifacts in the XCT data on achieving accurate segmentations when synthetic data are employed for training the DCNNs. The methods presented in this work are applicable to other materials and imaging techniques as well. Successful segmentation coupled with neural networks trained with synthetic data will accelerate scientific output.
Thermoelectric generators are very attractive devices for waste heat energy harvesting as they transform a temperature difference into electrical power. However, commercially available generators show poor power density and limited operation temperatures. Research focuses on high‐temperature materials and innovative generator designs. Finding the optimal design for a given material system is challenging. Here, a theoretical framework is provided that allows appropriate generator design selection based on the particular material properties. For high‐temperature thermoelectric oxides, it can be clearly deduced that unileg multilayer generators have the highest potential for effective energy harvesting. Based on these considerations, prototype unileg multilayer generators from the currently best thermoelectric oxide Ca3Co4O9 are manufactured for the first time by industrially established ceramic multilayer technology. These generators exhibit a power density of 2.2 mW/cm² at a temperature difference of 260 K, matching simulated values and confirming the suitability of the technology. Further design improvements increase the power density by a factor of 22 to facilitate practicable power output at temperature differences as low as 7 K. This work demonstrates that reasonable energy harvesting at elevated temperatures is possible with oxide materials and appropriate multilayer design.
The BAM Data Store
(2023)
As a partner in several NFDI consortia, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, German federal institute for materials science and testing) contributes to research data standardization efforts in various domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). To implement a central research data management (RDM) infrastructure that meets the requirements of MSE groups at BAM, we initiated the Data Store pilot project in 2021. The resulting infrastructure should enable researchers to digitally document research processes and store related data in a standardized and interoperable manner. As a software solution, we chose openBIS, an open-source framework that is increasingly being used for RDM in MSE communities.
The pilot project was conducted for one year with five research groups across different organizational units and MSE disciplines. The main results are presented for the use case “nanoPlattform”. The group registered experimental steps and linked associated instruments and chemicals in the Data Store to ensure full traceability of data related to the synthesis of ~400 nanomaterials. The system also supported researchers in implementing RDM practices in their workflows, e.g., by automating data import and documentation and by integrating infrastructure for data analysis.
Based on the promising results of the pilot phase, we will roll out the Data Store as the central RDM infrastructure of BAM starting in 2023. We further aim to develop openBIS plugins, metadata standards, and RDM workflows to contribute to the openBIS community and to foster RDM in MSE.
Reclassification of bridges, i.e., a change in load rating, using reliability-based methods and a direct update with proof load information has been presented by many authors. However, bridge reclassification has hardly been studied from a decision analytic perspective, i.e., with quantification of the risks and benefits of different classification choices, and the expected benefit gain from proof loading. We derive, explain and exemplify a decision analytic approach for bridge reclassification along with models for (1) elastic and ultimate capacity and their adaptation with proof load information, (2) proof load information with classification outcomes accounting for target reliabilities and, (3) utilities including socio-economic benefits from reclassification. The approach and models are exemplified with a case study based on reclassification of bridges with a low existing classification. Decision rules, for practical use by a highway authority to find the optimal classification, are identified and documented based on: (1) the measurement of the capacity at elastic limit by proof loading, (2) the bridge reclassification benefits, and, (3) the required annual reliability level. From a Value of Information analysis, it is concluded that the proof load information is highly valuable for reclassification in cases of high socio-economic benefits and high reliability requirements.
Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces.
In this article, we present two Coptic papyri, P 11934 and P 11935 from the Berlin collection excavated in Ashmunein (ancient Hermopolis) by Otto Rubensohn in 1906. We employ a multi-disciplinary approach that takes into account both their materiality – writing support as well as ink – and their content, as has become ‘best practice’. 1 Material aspects of written documents have traditionally been the purview of papyrologists. Recently developed methods of scientific analysis generate sets of archaeometric data with the potential to improve understanding of the materiality of ancient document production, as well as to yield new evidence for genuine papyrological research questions. To achieve this, a large corpus of comparative data needs to be built. Our contribution offers a first step in this direction. We aim at presenting the papyri, which were selected because of the ink corrosion during conservation work at the Berlin collection, in a format that is exhaustive both for material and textual aspects. The inks from both papyri were analysed using a combination of techniques, contributing to our better understanding of the development of ink technology in Late Antiquity.
For a significant increase in the strength of high-strength fine-grained structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥690 MPa, the addition of microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti is required. The standard specifications for the chemical composition of these steels (e.g., in EN 10025-6) often only give the manufacturer limit contents to achieve the defined properties. The effect of the alloying elements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is sometimes completely contrary.
This makes it difficult to adequately predict the batch dependency regarding weldability and the load-bearing behaviour of the welded joint. Three different micro-alloyed steels of the grade S690QL were produced on a laboratory scale, focusing on different Nb and Ti contents. To investigate the tempering effect, these were gas metal arc welded in three layers. In addition to metallographic investigations of individual HAZ areas, thermodynamic phase calculations were carried out using Thermo-Calc, following variations in the chemical composition. This provides an understanding of phase transformation, precipitation growth, and dissolution during welding as a function of temperature and cooling conditions. The results show
a divergent metallurgical behaviour in the HAZ of the three different micro-alloyed steels. Thereby, the Ti micro-alloyed grade showed a strong softening of the HAZ in contrast to the Nb micro-alloyed grade. This can be attributed to a contrary precipitation behaviour during welding.
The site of Schöningen (Germany), dated to ca. 300,000 years ago, yielded the earliest large-scale record of humanly-made wooden tools. These include wooden spears and shorter double-pointed sticks, discovered in association with herbivores that were hunted and butchered along a lakeshore. Wooden tools have not been systematically analysed to the same standard as other Palaeolithic technologies, such as lithic or bone tools. Our multianalytical study includes micro-CT scanning, 3-dimensional microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, supporting a systematic technological and taphonomic analysis, thus setting a new standard for wooden tool analysis. In illustrating the biography of one of Schöningen’s double-pointed sticks, we demonstrate new human behaviours for this time period, including sophisticated woodworking techniques. The hominins selected a spruce branch which they then debarked and shaped into an aerodynamic and ergonomic tool. They likely seasoned the wood to avoid cracking and warping. After a long period of use, it was probably lost while hunting, and was then rapidly buried in mud. Taphonomic alterations include damage from trampling, fungal attack, root damage and compression. Through our detailed analysis we show that Middle Pleistocene humans had a rich awareness of raw material properties, and possessed sophisticated woodworking skills. Alongside new detailed morphometrics of the object, an ethnographic review supports a primary function as a throwing stick for hunting, indicating potential hunting strategies and social contexts including for communal hunts involving children. The Schöningen throwing sticks may have been used to strategically disadvantage larger ungulates, potentially from distances of up to 30 metres. They also demonstrate that the hominins were technologically capable of capturing smaller fast prey and avian fauna, a behaviour evidenced at contemporaneous Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites.
Per- and polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants and can occur in surface and groundwater. To identify the degree of pollution in surface water with PFAS, often targeted HPLC–ESI–MS/MS has been employed in which commonly 30–40 compounds are analyzed. However, other PFAS and organofuorines remain undetected. We sampled surface water of the river Spree and the Teltow Canal in Berlin, Germany, which are afected by the efuent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we employed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) for measuring extractable organofuorines (EOF) and compared in a mass balance approach the total fuorine to the identifed and quantifed PFAS from the targeted analysis. The analysis highlights that the EOF are in the range expected for an urban river system (Winchell et al. in Sci Total Environ 774, 2021). However, downstream of an efuent discharge, the EOF increased by one order of magnitude, e.g., 40.3 to 574 ng F L−1, along the Teltow Canal. From our target analytes, mostly short-chained perfuorinated carboxylic acids and sulfonates occur in the water, which however makes up less than 10% of the EOF. The increase in EOF in the Teltow Canal correlates well with the increase of perfuorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), indicating that PFHxA is characteristic for the discharged EOF but not responsible for the increase. Hence, it points to PFHxA precursor discharge. The study highlights that EOF screening using HR-CS-GFMAS is necessary to identify the full scale of pollution with regard to PFAS and other organofuorines such as pharmaceutical compounds from the efuent of WWTPs.
This study describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) among nine (9) laboratories to evaluate and validate the standard operation procedure (SOP) for single-particle (sp) ICP-TOFMS developed within the context of the Horizon 2020 project ACEnano. The ILC was based on the characterization of two different Pt nanoparticle (NP) suspensions in terms of particle mass, particle number concentration, and isotopic composition. The two Pt NP suspensions were measured using icpTOF instruments (TOFWERK AG, Switzerland).
Two Pt NP samples were characterized and mass equivalent spherical sizes (MESSs) of 40.4 ± 7 nm and 58.8 ± 8 nm were obtained, respectively. MESSs showed <16% relative standard deviation (RSD) among all participating labs and <4% RSD after exclusion of the two outliers. A good agreement was achieved between the different participating laboratories regarding particle mass, but the particle number concentration results were more scattered, with <53% RSD among all laboratories, which is consistent with results from previous ILC studies conducted using ICP-MS instrumentation equipped with a sequential mass spectrometer. Additionally, the capabilities of sp-ICP-TOFMS to determine masses on a particle basis are discussed with respect to the potential for particle density determination. Finally, because quasi-simultaneous multi-isotope and multielement determinations are a strength of ICP-TOFMS instrumentation, the precision and trueness of isotope ratio determinations were assessed. The average of 1000 measured particles yielded a precision of below ±1% for intensity ratios of the most abundant Pt isotopes, i.e. 194Pt and 195Pt, while the accuracy of isotope ratios with the lower abundant isotopes was limited by counting statistics.
We analyse electromotive force measurements of concentration cells using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and determine the transference coefficients of ion-exchange membranes in aqueous KCl solutions. By taking advantage of the analytical expression for the permselectivity, we extract transport coefficients with high accuracy. The transport number of K+ and the transference coefficient of water in the Selemion CMVN cationexchange membrane are found to be 100𝑡K+ = 99.59 ± 0.56 and 𝑡𝑤 = 3.69 ± 0.40 respectively, while for the Selemion AMVN anion-exchange membrane they are 100𝑡Cl− = 100.21 ± 0.37 and 𝑡𝑤 = −3.75 ± 0.27. These results suggest that the membranes are perfectly selective to the target ion, and that each ion carries 3-4 water molecules through the membrane, which reduces the membrane permselectivity. In these concentration cells, the electrical potential contribution of the membrane alone was more easily isolated with bare Ag/AgCl electrodes without reference solutions and liquid junction plugs. Additionally, we find a large contribution to the measured concentration cell voltage from concentration gradients across the porous plug of the reference electrode, which cannot be explained by Henderson’s equation alone. For most of the concentration range, the transport number of the porous plug is determined to be 100𝑡K+ = 49.43 ± 0.78 with negligible water transport, similar to literature values for bulk electrolyte. In dilute electrolyte solutions with concentrations below 0.1 mol kg−1, the plug shows anomalous behaviour consistent with an increase in K+ selectivity and water co-transport.
The reduction in train-induced ground vibrations by different railway lines and by mitigation measures in the propagation path was analysed in a unified approach by two-dimensional finite element calculations. In general, there was no reduction at low frequencies, and the reduction be-came stronger with increasing frequencies. A maximum reduction of 0.1 at high frequencies was established with an open trench. Reductions between 0.7 and 0.2 have been found for the other sit-uations, filled trenches, walls, plates, and blocks, as well as for railway lines on dams, in cuts and in a tunnel. Bridges can produce amplifications due to their resonance frequencies, but also strong reductions due to massive bridge piers. The influence of some parameters has been analysed, such as the bridge span, the inclination of the dam and the cut, the stiffness of the soil, and the tunnel structure. The dynamic track stiffnesses of a surface, bridge, and tunnel track have been calculated using the 3D finite-element boundary-element method for comparison with corresponding meas-urements.
The application of anti-corrosion coated, high-strength steels in the automotive industry has increased in recent years. In combination with various zinc-based surface coatings, liquid metal embrittlement cracking can be observed in some of these materials. A high-quality, crack-free spot-welded joint is essential to realize the lightweight potential of the materials. In this work, the LME susceptibility of different coatings, which will be determined by the crack length and the occurrence rate, will be investigated using a welding under external load setup. The uncoated specimens did not show any LME. EG, GI and GA showed significantly less LME than ZM coatings. The latter coatings showed much larger crack lengths than the EG, GI and GA coatings. Furthermore, two mechanisms regarding the LME occurrence rate were observed: the occurrence of LME in zinc–magnesium coatings was theorized to be driven by the material properties of the coatings, whereas the occurrence of LME at EG, GI and GA samples was forced mainly by the application of the external tensile load.
In the experimental setup of this work, the materials were exposed to unusually high mechanical loads (up to 80% of their yield strength) to evoke LME cracks.
Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (jOTDR) is a technology for distributed vibration sensing, where vibration amplitudes are determined by recovering the phase of the backscattered light. Measurement noise induces phase errors, which degrades sensing performance. The phase errors, using a differentiation and cross-multiplication (DCM) algorithm, are investigated theoretically and experimentally in a jOTDR system based on a phase retrieval configuration consisting of an imbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer (IMZI) and a 3 x 3 coupler. Analysis shows that phase error is highly dependent on the AC component of the obtained signal, essentially being inversely proportional to the product of the power of the light backscattered from two locations. An analytical expression was derived to estimate the phase error and was confirmed by experiment. When applied to the same measurement data, the error is found to be slightly smaller than that obtained using in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulation. The error, however, increases for longer measurement times.
The stress–strain behavior of ceramics, such as aluminum titanate, has certain features that are unusual for brittle materials—in particular, a substantial nonlinearity under uniaxial tension, and load–unload hysteresis caused by the sharp increase of the incremental stiffness at the beginning of unloading. These features are observed experimentally and are attributed to microcracking. Here we compare different degrees of stress–strain nonlinearity of aluminum titanate materials and quantitatively model them. We use advanced mechanical testing to observe the mechanical response at room and high temperature; electron microscopy, and X-ray refraction radiography to observe the microstructural changes. Experiments show that two types of microcracks can be distinguished: (i) microcracks induced by cooling from the sintering temperature (due to heterogeneity and anisotropy of thermal expansion), with typical sizes of the order of grain size, and (ii) much larger microcracks generated by the mechanical loading. The two microcrack types produce different effects on the stress–strain curves. Such microcracks and the features of the stress–strain behavior depend on the density of the cooling-induced microcracks and on the distribution of grain sizes. They are modeled analytically and numerically.
Iron aluminides, already reported in the late 19th century, did not cease to attract the interest of scientists and engineers ever since. Besides good oxidation resistance, low density and resource availability, potentials for hightemperature strengths that compete with high-alloy steels were unlocked by low alloy contents. Still, research on alloy design continues, as alloying usually comes at the price of brittleness in low-temperature regimes. A potential candidate is the quinary Fe–Al–Mo–Ti–B system which is strengthened by solid solution and eutectic borides. It was shown to have good strength and outstanding creep resistance under compressive loading up to elevated temperatures. Although the individual effect of alloy additions is well understood in iron aluminides, little is known about the combined effects of alloying concentrations on microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties. Therefore a systematic study of two Ti-doped near-Fe3Al alloys with varying contents of Mo (2–4 at.%) and B (0.5–1 at.%) was conducted. In total eight different alloys were fabricated by investment casting into ceramic shell molds. Alloys were characterized and compared by grain size, phase transitions, microstructure evolution as well as elemental compositions and volume fractions of phases. For mechanical characterization, macrohardness and microhardness tests as well as tensile tests at ambient and high tempera tures were conducted. Independent of alloy additions, alloys with 24–25 at.% Al exhibit superior proof strength due to a higher matrix hardness. Decreasing B content generally decreases strength by lower secondary phase fractions which contribute via particle hardening. Reducing Mo content decreases both the solute concentration in the matrix and secondary phase fractions. Surprisingly, strength is similar or even superior to alloys with higher Mo content. Strength relations are discussed with a focus on solid-solution hardening theory and other competing strengthening mechanisms.
Lanthanide-based, spectrally shifting, and multi-color luminescent upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received much attention in the last decades because of their applicability as reporter for bioimaging, super-resolution microscopy, and sensing as well as barcoding and anti-counterfeiting tags. A prerequisite for the broad application of UCNPs in areas such as sensing and encoding are simple, robust, and easily upscalable synthesis protocols that yield large quantities of UCNPs with sizes of 20 nm or more with precisely controlled and tunable physicochemical properties from lowcost reagents with a high reproducibility. In this context, we studied the reproducibility, robustness, and upscalability of the synthesis of β-NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs via thermal decomposition. Reaction parameters included solvent, precursor chemical compositions, ratio, and concentration. The resulting UCNPs were then examined regarding their application-relevant physicochemical properties such as size, size distribution, morphology, crystal phase, chemical composition, and photoluminescence.
Based on these screening studies, we propose a small volume and high-concentration synthesis approach that can provide UCNPs with different, yet controlled size, an excellent phase purity and tunable morphology in batch sizes of up to at least 5 g which are well suited for the fabrication of sensors, printable barcodes or authentication and recycling tags.
This work aimed to evaluate high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS MAS), traditionally used to determine non-metals, for the determination of a new element, metal, vanadium. VO was selected as a target molecule because it is relatively stable and was expected to be spontaneously generated in a flame or a graphite furnace (GF). The high-resolution overview spectra of the molecule were obtained in a wide range of 480–630 nm, and absorption due to the X4Σ−–C4Σ− electronic transition was registered. A unique instrumental setup, comprising a prototype Modular Simultaneous Echelle Spectrograph (MOSES) and a commercial HR-CS MAS apparatus, was applied in the research. Finally, the spectral area centered at 550.6230 nm was selected for analysis. A method was developed to determine V in solutions of catalysts of heavy petroleum oil hydroprocessing using a commercial HR-CS spectrometer in a flame version. Although sensitivity was relatively poor (characteristic concentration 380 mg L−1), an extremely low noise enabled reaching a satisfactory detection limit (20 mg L−1 in solution, i.e. 0.1% m:m in the catalyst). For the first time vanadium was determined using ordinary air-acetylene flame. The obtained results were consistent with the results of atomic absorption spectrometry with N2O-C2H2 flame. Unfortunately, only a small population of VO molecules could have been generated in GF measurements. Furthermore, the observed VO molecules appeared only at unfavorably high temperatures. The work shows the potential of HR-CS MAS as a scientific tool for investigating the mechanism of processes occurring in the GF. This work can inspire other research of new analytes for HR-CS MAS.
In this study, five laboratories, namely, BRML (Romania), TUBITAK UME (Turkey), IMBIH (Bosnia and Herzegovina), BAM (Germany), and DTI (Denmark), developed and validated analytical procedures by ICP-MS, ICP-OES, MWP-AES, WD-XRF, and ID-MS for the determination of inorganic
impurities in solid and liquid biofuels, established the budget of uncertainties, and developed the method for determining the amount of ash in the measurement range 0–1.2% with absolute repeatability less than 0.1% and absolute reproducibility of 0.2% (according to EN ISO 18122). In order to create homogeneous certified reference materials, improved methodologies for the measurement and characterization of solid and liquid biofuels were developed. Thus, information regarding the precision, accuracy, and bias of the method, and identifying the factors that intervened in the measurement of uncertainty were experimentally determined, supplementing the information from the existing standards in the field.
We investigated the performance of nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasma mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) under matrix effects and its applicability to trace element analysis in steels. Influences of different gas flows and ion optics on the matrix tolerance are studied, indicating that nebulizer gas flow has the most significant impact. Optimization of ion optics improves matrix tolerance for light elements due to the reduction of the inelastic collisional scattering effect. With optimized operating conditions, MICAP-MS achieves an internal standard intensity recovery of over 90% at an Fe concentration of 500 mg L−1. Even at an Fe concentration of 1 g L−1, the recovery remains above 80%. Three certified reference materials – non-alloy, low-alloy and high-alloy steel – were analyzed using MICAP-MS. The determined mass concentrations of the trace and minor components show metrological compatibility to the reference values. No significant differences are observed between the results obtained with aqueous and matrix-matched calibration, demonstrating the strong matrix tolerance of MICAP-MS, and its promising applicability to steel analysis.
An interlaboratory comparison (ILC)was organised to characterise 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in geological and industrial reference materials by applying the so-called conventional method for determining 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios. Four cements (VDZ 100a,VDZ 200a, VDZ 300a, IAG OPC-1), one limestone (IAG CGL ML-3) and one slate (IAG OU-6) reference materials were selected, covering a wide range of naturally occurring Sr isotopic signatures. Thirteen laboratories received aliquots of these six reference materials together with a detailed technical protocol. The consensus values for the six reference materials and their associated measurement uncertainties were obtained by applying a Gaussian, linear mixed effects model fitted to all the measurement results. By combining the consensus values and their uncertainties with an uncertainty contribution for potential heterogeneity, reference values ranging from 0.708134 mol mol-1 to 0.729778 mol mol-1 were obtained with relative expanded uncertainties of ≤ 0.007 %. This study represents an ILC on conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios, within which metrological principles were considered and the compatibility of measurement results obtained by MC-ICP-MS and by MC-TIMS is demonstrated. The materials characterised in this study can be used as reference materials for validation and quality control purposes and to estimate measurement uncertainties in conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurement.
During its 25 years of existence, the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM IAWG) has achieved much in establishing comparability of measurement results. Impressive work has been done on comparison exercises related to real-world problems in fields such as ecology, food, or health. In more recent attempts, measurements and comparisons were focused on calibration solutions which are the basis of most inorganic chemical measurements. This contribution deals with the question of how to achieve full and transparent SI traceability for the values carried by such solutions. Within this framework, the use of classical primary methods (CPMs) is compared to the use of a primary difference method (PDM). PDM is a method with a dual character, namely a metrological method with a primary character, based on the bundling of many measurement methods for individual impurities, which lead to materials with certified content of the main component. As in classical methods, where small corrections for interferences are accepted, in PDM, many small corrections are bundled. In contrast to classical methods, the PDM is universally applicable to all elements in principle. Both approaches can be used to certify the purity (expressed as mass fraction of the main element) of a high-purity material. This is where the metrological need of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) for analytical methods meet the challenges of analytical methods. In terms of methods, glow discharge mass spectrometry (GMDS) with sufficient uncertainties for sufficiently small impurity contents is particularly noteworthy for the certification of primary transfer standards (PTS), and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), which particularly benefits from PTS (back-spikes) with small uncertainties, is particularly noteworthy for the application. The corresponding relative uncertainty which can be achieved using the PDM is very low (< 10−4). Acting as PTS, they represent the link between the material aspect of the primary calibration solutions and the immaterial world of the International System of Units (SI). The underlying concepts are discussed, the current status of implementation is summarised, and a roadmap of the necessary future activities in inorganic analytical chemistry is sketched. It has to be noted that smaller measurement uncertainties of the purity of high-purity materials not only have a positive effect on chemical measurements, but also trigger new developments and findings in other disciplines such as thermometry or materials science.
The corner echo is a well-known effect in ultrasonic testing, which allows detection of surface breaking cracks with predominantly perpendicular orientation to the surface as, for example, corrosion cracks in metal pipes or shafts. This echo is formed by two planes, the surface of the crack and the surface which the crack breaks. It can also be classified as a half-skip method, since a reflection of the pulse occurs on the backwall before the reflection at the defect takes place. In combination with the diffraction from the crack tip, the corner echo also allows crack sizing. As shown in this paper, the corner reflection can be used in civil engineering for nondestructive inspection of concrete. Commercially available low frequency ultrasonic arrays with dry point contact sources generate SH transversal waves with sufficient divergence of the sound field in order to detect corner reflections. Ultrasonic line-scans and area-scans were acquired with a linear array on flat concrete specimens, and the data were reconstructed by the Synthetic aperture focusing technique. If the angles and the area of reconstruction are chosen accordingly, the corner echo reflection can be distinguished from other ultrasonic information. The corner echo can thus be used as a method for deciding whether a crack is a partial-depth crack or a full-depth crack and thus for obtaining a statement about crack depth. This paper presents corresponding experimental results obtained on concrete specimens with artificial test defects and cracks induced under controlled conditions.
Physical adsorption at cryogenic temperature (cryoadsorption) is a reversible mechanism that can reduce the pressure of conventional compressed gas storage systems. Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are remarkable candidates due to the combination of high specific surface area and density which, in some cases, provide a high volumetric storage capacity. However, such extensive use of MOFs for this application requires the selection of affordable structures, easy to produce and made from feasible metallic and organic components. Herein, we introduce a MOF database detailing the crystallographic and porous properties of 3600 existing MOFs made from industrially relevant metals and their organic composition. The comparison of the available minimum costs of linkers allowed the creation of a database to select affordable structures with high potential for volumetric hydrogen storage by cryoadsorption, considering their composition based on individual or mixed building blocks. A user interface, available online, facilitates the selection of MOFs based on the properties or names of structures and linkers.
Cryoadsorption on the inner surface of porous materials is a promising solution for safe, fast, and reversible hydrogen storage. Within the class of highly porous metal−organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) show high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. In this study, we selected ZIF-8 synthesized mechanochemically by twin-screw extrusion as powder and pellets. The hydrogen storage capacity at 77 K and up to 100 bar has been analyzed in two laboratories applying three different measurement setups showing a high reproducibility. Pelletizing ZIF-8 increases the packing density close to the corresponding value for a single crystal without loss of porosity, resulting in an improved volumetric hydrogen storage capacity close to the upper limit for a single crystal. The high volumetric uptake combined with a low and constant heat of adsorption provides ca. 31 g of usable hydrogen per liter of pellet assuming a temperature−pressure swing adsorption process between 77 K − 100 bar and 117 K − 5 bar. Cycling experiments do not indicate any degradation in storage capacity. The excellent stability during preparation, handling, and operation of ZIF-8 pellets demonstrates its potential as a robust adsorbent material for technical application in pilot- and full-scale adsorption vessel prototypes.
The application of compact NMR instruments to hot flowing samples or exothermically reacting mixtures is limited by the temperature sensitivity of permanent magnets. Typically, such temperature effects directly influence the achievable magnetic field homogeneity and hence measurement quality. The internal-temperature control loop of the magnet and instruments is not designed for such temperature compensation. Passive insulation is restricted by the small dimensions within the magnet borehole. Here, we present a design approach for active heat shielding with the aim of variable temperature control of NMR samples for benchtop NMR instruments using a compressed airstream which is variable in flow and temperature. Based on the system identification and surface temperature measurements through thermography, a model predictive control was set up to minimise any disturbance effect on the permanent magnet from the probe or sample temperature. This methodology will facilitate the application of variable-temperature shielding and, therefore, extend the application of compact NMR instruments to flowing sample temperatures that differ from the magnet temperature.
The ultrasonic echo technique is frequently used in non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete structures for thickness measurements, geometry determinations as well as localization of built-in components. To improve ultrasonic imaging of complex structures in concrete, we transferred a geophysical imaging technique, the reverse time migration (RTM), to NDT in civil engineering. In contrast to the conventionally used synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) algorithms, RTM is a wavefield continuation method in time and uses the full wave equation. Thus, RTM can handle complicated wave propagations in any direction without dip limitation. In this paper, we focused on the application and evaluation of a two-dimensional (2D) elastic RTM algorithm considering compressional waves, vertically polarized shear waves, and Rayleigh waves. We tested the elastic RTM routine on synthetic ultrasonic echo data generated with a 2D concrete model consisting of several steps and circular air inclusions. As these complex structures can often be found in real-world NDT use cases, their imaging is especially important. By using elastic RTM, we were able to clearly reproduce vertical reflectors and lower edges of circular air voids inside our numerical concrete model. Such structures cannot be imaged with conventional SAFT algorithms. Furthermore, the used elastic RTM approach also yielded a better reconstruction of a horizontal reflector and upper boundaries of circular air inclusions. Our encouraging results demonstrate that elastic RTM has the potential to significantly improve the imaging of complex concrete structures and, thus, is a step forward for detailed, high-quality ultrasonic NDT in civil engineering.
The dataset contains raw data gathered with the ultrasonic pulse-echo method on concrete specimens. The surfaces of the measuring objects were automatically scanned point by point. Pulse-echo measurements were performed at each of these measuring points. The test specimens represent two typical testing tasks in construction industry: the detection of objects and the determination of dimensions to describe the geometry of components. By automating the measurement process, the different test scenarios are examined with a high repeatability, precision and measuring point density. Longitu- dinal and transversal waves were used and the geometrical aperture of the testing system was varied. The low-frequency probes operate in a range of up to approximately 150 kHz. In addition to the specification of the geometrical dimensions of the individual probes, the directivity pattern and the sound field characteristics are provided. The raw data are stored in a universally readable format. The length of each time signal (A-scan) is two milliseconds and the sampling rate is two mega-samples per second. The provided data can be used for comparative studies in signal analysis, imag- ing and interpretation as well as for evaluation pur- poses in different, practically relevant testing scenarios.
Information about an existing structure can be collected at certain costs to evaluate the reliability and condition as realistically as necessary. This information can be relevant or irrelevant, true or biased, precise or imprecise. The incorporation of relevant and quality-assessed measured information into reliability reassessment offers the chance to extend remaining lifetimes and support decision making about optimal actions or maintenance strategies. This paper shows recent developments in a national research project that aims to produce a guideline on the NDT-based, structure-specific modification of partial safety factors. The general methodology, results from recalculations according to the Eurocodes and metrologically solvable testing tasks relevant in the recalculation of the concrete bridges are shown and compared with the non-destructive testing methods applicable to concrete bridges. A case study is used to demonstrate that as-built drawings, in this case of the positions of tendons and shear reinforcement, can be verified using the radar method.
The bond between polymer fibers and the surrounding cementitious matrix is essential for the development of concrete reinforcement. The single fiber pull-out test (SFPT) is the standard characterization technique for testing the bond strength. However, the different phases of debonding cannot be distinguished by the SFPT. This study investigates the debonding of different polymer fibers from the surrounding cementitious matrix with a modified SFPT and proposes methods to change the SFPT setup to generate more valuable information on the debonding mechanism. The SFPT was equipped with linear variable differential transformers (LVDT), digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) analysis. The results demonstrate that the modified SFPT allows a better understanding of the different phases of debonding during fiber pull-out. Furthermore, bond strength values calculated by different methods reveal that the chemical bond of the investigated polymers is not different as reported by previous studies. Deformation measurements performed using LVDTs and DIC are suitable measuring techniques to characterize the debonding mechanism in SFPT. A correlation between recorded AE and debonding phases was not found.
Bacterial biofilms pose serious problems in medical and industrial settings. One of the major societal challenges lies in the increasing resistance of bacteria against biocides used in antimicrobial treatments, e.g., via overabundant use in medicine, industry, and agriculture or cleaning and disinfection in private households. Hence, new efficient bacteria-repellent strategies avoiding the use of biocides are strongly desired. One promising route to achieve bacteria-repellent surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser-processing of technical surfaces. Tailored surface textures, enabled by different laser-processing strategies that result in topographic scales ranging from nanometers to micrometers may provide a solution to this challenge. This article presents a current state-of-the-art review of laser-surface subtractive texturing approaches for controlling the biofilm formation for different bacterial strains and in different environments. Based on specific properties of bacteria and laser-processed surfaces, the challenges of anti-microbial surface designs are discussed, and future directions will be outlined.
Materials that support natural biodiversity on their surfaces can compensate for human activities that have a negative impact on nature and thus contribute to a carbon-neutral and nature-positive world. Specifically designing bioreceptive materials which favor the growth of biofilms on their surface is an approach complementing conventional, macroscopic green façades. But what exactly characterizes a bioreceptive substrate and how do biofilm and substrate interact? How and why does a spontaneous colonization and the formation of biofilms take place? What are biofilms and how can they be established in a laboratory setting? How can this existing knowledge be transferred to the artificial stone concrete so that this material can be tuned to increase (or decrease) its bioreceptivity?
This review paper aims at summarizing the existing state of knowledge on bioreceptive concrete and pointing out inconsistencies and contradictions which can only be removed by more interdisciplinary research in the field.
A systematic study on a face‐centered cubic‐based compositionally complex alloy system Al–Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni in its single‐phase state is carried out, where a mother senary compound Al₈Co₁₇Cr₁₇Cu₈Fe₁₇Ni₃₃ and five of its suballoys, obtained by removing one element at a time, are investigated and exhaustively analyzed determining the contribution of each alloying element in the solid solution. The senary and the quinaries are compared using experimental techniques including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and first principles hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulations. Chemical short‐range order and bond length distances have been determined both at the experimental and computational level. Electronic structure and local atomic distortions up to 5.2 Å have been correlated to the microhardness values. A linear regression model connecting hardness with local lattice distortions is presented.