Filtern
Autor*in
- Resch-Genger, Ute (65)
- Weller, Michael G. (31)
- Koch, Matthias (29)
- Rurack, Knut (29)
- Lisec, Jan (25)
- Vogl, Jochen (23)
- Kaufmann, Jan Ole (16)
- Meermann, Björn (16)
- Schneider, Rudolf (15)
- Gawlitza, Kornelia (14)
- Recknagel, Sebastian (14)
- von der Au, Marcus (14)
- Hamm, B. (13)
- Makowski, M. R. (13)
- Schmid, Thomas (13)
- Wegner, Karl David (13)
- Adams, L. C. (12)
- Brangsch, J. (12)
- Jaeger, Carsten (12)
- Maiwald, Michael (12)
- Meyer, Klas (12)
- Sommerfeld, Thomas (10)
- Wang, Cui (10)
- Würth, Christian (10)
- Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique (9)
- Andresen, Elina (9)
- Emmerling, Franziska (9)
- Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan (9)
- Hoffmann, Katrin (9)
- Reimann, C. (9)
- Kader, A. (8)
- Karst, U. (8)
- Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya (8)
- Panne, Ulrich (8)
- Rühle, Bastian (8)
- Tscheuschner, Georg (8)
- Bald, Ilko (7)
- Botnar, R. M. (7)
- Buchholz, R. (7)
- Climent Terol, Estela (7)
- Dariz, P. (7)
- Geißler, Daniel (7)
- Mangarova, D. B. (7)
- Oelze, Marcus (7)
- Riedel, Jens (7)
- Becker, Roland (6)
- Förster, C. (6)
- Gornushkin, Igor B. (6)
- Heinze, K. (6)
- Jakubowski, Norbert (6)
- Mauch, Tatjana (6)
- Paul, Martin (6)
- Piechotta, Christian (6)
- Bell, Jérémy (5)
- Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J. (5)
- Haase, H. (5)
- Keller, Julia (5)
- Kern, Simon (5)
- Kimani, Martha Wamaitha (5)
- Moeckel, J. (5)
- Munir, R. (5)
- Ostermann, Markus (5)
- Paul, Andrea (5)
- Ponader, Marco (5)
- Pöschl, U. (5)
- Radnik, Jörg (5)
- Saatz, Jessica (5)
- Scholtz, Lena (5)
- Simon, Franz-Georg (5)
- Taupitz, M. (5)
- Tavernaro, Isabella (5)
- Traub, Heike (5)
- Villajos Collado, José Antonio (5)
- Weigert, Florian (5)
- You, Yi (5)
- Zaidi, N. (5)
- Backes, A. T. (4)
- Cossmer, Antje (4)
- Faßbender, Sebastian (4)
- Frenzel, Florian (4)
- Kalbe, Ute (4)
- Kipphardt, Heinrich (4)
- Kneipp, Janina (4)
- Laux, P. (4)
- Lucas, K. (4)
- Luch, A. (4)
- Muth, Thilo (4)
- Prinz, Carsten (4)
- Raysyan, Anna (4)
- Reinmuth-Selzle, K. (4)
- Riedel, Juliane (4)
- Rienitz, O. (4)
- Roesch, Philipp (4)
- Rosner, M. (4)
- Sack, I. (4)
- Saleh, Maysoon I. (4)
- Simon, Fabian (4)
- Tuma, Dirk (4)
- Valderrey, Virginia (4)
- Vogel, Christian (4)
- Winckelmann, Alexander (4)
- Wittwer, Philipp (4)
- Zhao, J. (4)
- Ziegler, K. (4)
- Beyer, S. (3)
- Biesen, L. (3)
- Blumrich, A. (3)
- Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin (3)
- Borzekowski, Antje (3)
- Buttler, Sabine (3)
- Carl, Peter (3)
- Ebel, Kenny (3)
- Ecke, Alexander (3)
- Eigler, S. (3)
- Epping, Ruben (3)
- Feldmann, Ines (3)
- Foryst-Ludwig, A. (3)
- Gehrenkemper, Lennart (3)
- Grauel, Bettina (3)
- Hecht, Mandy (3)
- Häusler, I. (3)
- Hülagü, Deniz (3)
- Kage, Daniel (3)
- Kalmbach, J. (3)
- Keller, S. (3)
- Kintscher, U. (3)
- Kislenko, Evgeniia (3)
- Kuner, Maximilian (3)
- Leifke, A. L. (3)
- Lozano-Martín, D. (3)
- Penk, Sibylle (3)
- Pfeifer, Jens (3)
- Pramann, A. (3)
- Reiss, P. (3)
- Richter, Silke (3)
- Rietsch, P. (3)
- Roik, Janina (3)
- Schellenberger, E. (3)
- Schwerdtle, T. (3)
- Seitz, M. (3)
- Tatzel, Michael (3)
- Tchipilov, Teodor (3)
- Tentschert, J. (3)
- Thöne-Reineke, C. (3)
- Tobias, Charlie (3)
- Vanhaecke, F. (3)
- Völker, Tobias (3)
- Völzke, Jule L. (3)
- Wan, Wei (3)
- Wander, Lukas (3)
- You, Zengchao (3)
- Al-Sabbagh, Dominik (2)
- Ashokkumar, Pichandi (2)
- Bandow, N. (2)
- Bartelmeß, Jürgen (2)
- Baum, K. (2)
- Beal, D. (2)
- Bennet, Francesca (2)
- Beslic, D. (2)
- Bigall, N. C. (2)
- Boden, P. (2)
- Bodmer, R. (2)
- Boehm-Sturm, P. (2)
- Borca, C. (2)
- Bosc-Bierne, Gaby (2)
- Bothen, N. (2)
- Carrella, L. M. (2)
- Chamorro, C. R. (2)
- Climent, Estela (2)
- Coll, J.-L. (2)
- Coplen, T. B. (2)
- Dhamo, Lorena (2)
- Ding, T. (2)
- Dorgerloh, Ute (2)
- Dresen, S. (2)
- Dussert, F. (2)
- Eckert, J. G. (2)
- El-Khatib, Ahmed H. (2)
- El-Schich, Z. (2)
- Engell, S. (2)
- Eremin, S. A. (2)
- Ewald, Shireen (2)
- Fischer, E. (2)
- Fleischer, C. (2)
- Flemig, Sabine (2)
- Gerhards, M. (2)
- Gjörloff-Wingren, A. (2)
- Gluth, Gregor (2)
- Gojani, Ardian (2)
- Gottu Mukkula, A. R. (2)
- Grune, J. (2)
- Gröninger, Delia (2)
- Gugin, Nikita (2)
- Guhl, Svetlana (2)
- Haase, Hajo (2)
- Haase, M. (2)
- Hildebrandt, L. (2)
- Hildebrandt, P. (2)
- Hoffmann, Holger (2)
- Holden, N. E. (2)
- Holtkamp, M. (2)
- Huthwelker, T. (2)
- Irrgeher, J. (2)
- Jakubowski, N. (2)
- Jung, Christian (2)
- Jungnickel, Robert (2)
- Kazlagic, Anera (2)
- Klein, O. (2)
- Kluge, Stephanie (2)
- Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna (2)
- Knoche, Lisa (2)
- Konthur, Zoltán (2)
- Kotthoff, Lisa (2)
- Kowarik, Stefan (2)
- Kunte, Hans-Jörg (2)
- Langenhan, Jennifer (2)
- Le Guevel, X. (2)
- Leberer, S. (2)
- Leenen, M. (2)
- Liehr, Sascha (2)
- Liu, H. (2)
- Marin, R. (2)
- Marquardt, Julien (2)
- Martín, M. C. (2)
- Mattera, L. (2)
- Meijer, H. A. J. (2)
- Meixner, A. (2)
- Mekonnen, Tessema Fenta (2)
- Michalchuk, Adam (2)
- Moreau, A. (2)
- Mueller, S. (2)
- Möckel, J. (2)
- Müller, T. J. J. (2)
- Nadejde, C. (2)
- Nickl, Philip (2)
- Noureen, N. (2)
- Onthank, D. C. (2)
- Paul, F. (2)
- Paulus, B. (2)
- Persson, J. L. (2)
- Possolo, A. (2)
- Prohaska, T. (2)
- Pröfrock, D. (2)
- Ramos, Inês I. (2)
- Rashid, R. (2)
- Reese, A. (2)
- Reichardt, P. (2)
- Reichenauer, F. (2)
- Reimann, K. (2)
- Rentschler, E. (2)
- Retzmann, Anika (2)
- Richter, Matthias (2)
- Riedel, Soraya (2)
- Robinson, S. P. (2)
- Rohn, S. (2)
- Rosenkranz, D. (2)
- Röder, Bettina (2)
- Salge, M. (2)
- Sarkar, B. (2)
- Sauer, Andreas (2)
- Schenk, J. A. (2)
- Schoknecht, Ute (2)
- Scholz, G. (2)
- Schreiber, Frank (2)
- Schuppan, D. (2)
- Schwaar, T. (2)
- Schwaar, Timm (2)
- Schürmann, Robin (2)
- Seeger, Stefan (2)
- Segovia, J. J. (2)
- Segundo, Marcela A. (2)
- Sellergren, B. (2)
- Shen, Z. (2)
- Simon, M. (2)
- Smeir, E. (2)
- Sobottka, S. (2)
- Srivastava, Priyanka (2)
- Stephan, D. (2)
- Tang, Chi-Long (2)
- Tannenberg, Robert (2)
- Tatzel, M. (2)
- Truffier-Boutry, D. (2)
- Tukhmetova, Dariya (2)
- Vega-Maza, D. (2)
- Vogler, G. (2)
- Wang, J. (2)
- Wang, T. (2)
- Weidner, Steffen (2)
- Westphalen, Tanja (2)
- Wetzel, Annica (2)
- Wiedenbeck, M. (2)
- Wilke, M. (2)
- Witt, Julia (2)
- Witthuhn, Heike (2)
- Zimmermann, T. (2)
- von Törne, Wipert Jannik (2)
- Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem (2)
- Abbas, Ioana M. (1)
- Abouhany, R. (1)
- Adam, Christian (1)
- Adamus, A. (1)
- Aguilera, Felipe (1)
- Ahiboz, D. (1)
- Ahmed, A. A. A. (1)
- Aitken, M. D. (1)
- Akhdhar, A. (1)
- Akkus, Asli (1)
- Al Shakhs, Ali N. (1)
- Al-Hileh, L. (1)
- Aldakov, D. (1)
- Alexopoulos, C. (1)
- Alexopoulos, I. (1)
- Ali, I. (1)
- Alm, K. (1)
- Alnajjar, M. A. (1)
- Altenburg, Simon (1)
- Ameskamp, J. (1)
- Anderhalten, L. (1)
- Anders, H.-J. (1)
- Andrle, Paul (1)
- Anesio, Alexandre M. (1)
- Anggriawan, R. (1)
- Angulo, G. (1)
- Antoine, R. (1)
- Appelt, O. (1)
- Arendt, T. (1)
- Ascher, Lena (1)
- Ashraf, A. (1)
- Ashraf, M. (1)
- Auer, T. A. (1)
- Auliyati, M. (1)
- Aumayr, K. (1)
- Auxillos, J. (1)
- Avila, M. A. (1)
- Avilov, S. (1)
- Baalousha, M. (1)
- Bachelier, J. B. (1)
- Bagcioglu, M. (1)
- Bagley, S. (1)
- Bajcsy, P. (1)
- Bakker, G.-J. (1)
- Balasubramanian, Kannan (1)
- Bald, I. (1)
- Baldan, A. (1)
- Balderas-Xicohtencatl, R. (1)
- Balderas‐Xicohténcatl, Rafael (1)
- Bammann, R. R. (1)
- Bande, A. (1)
- Bandow, Nicole (1)
- Bargheer, M. (1)
- Barjenbruch, M. (1)
- Barreiros, Luísa (1)
- Bartholmai, Matthias (1)
- Bashir, M. (1)
- Bassi, A. (1)
- Bastos, V. (1)
- Baulin, V. A. (1)
- Bayerlein, Bernd (1)
- Baylan, S. (1)
- Bazin, P.-L. (1)
- Becker, C. (1)
- Becker-Ross, H. (1)
- Beckert, H. (1)
- Beer, F. (1)
- Beer, S. (1)
- Behnke, Thomas (1)
- Behren, S. (1)
- Beindorf, N. (1)
- Beindorff, N. (1)
- Beitz, T. (1)
- Belenguer, A. M. (1)
- Bell, A. M. (1)
- Bellinghausen, I. (1)
- Belyaev, Y. (1)
- Benayad, A. (1)
- Benefield, J. (1)
- Benner, Phillipp (1)
- Benning, Liane G. (1)
- Bentrup, U. (1)
- Berenguer‐Murcia, Ángel (1)
- Bergmann, J. (1)
- Berkemeier, T. (1)
- Bernevic, Bogdan (1)
- Bettge, Dirk (1)
- Bettini, J. (1)
- Beule, D. (1)
- Beyer, Sebastian (1)
- Beyhoff, N. (1)
- Bhattacharya, Biswajit (1)
- Bhuckory, S. (1)
- Bienert, M. (1)
- Bierwagen, J. (1)
- Birngruber, K. A. (1)
- Bischof, J. (1)
- Bischoff, J. (1)
- Biskup, K. (1)
- Biyikal, Mustafa (1)
- Blanchard, V. (1)
- Bland, G. (1)
- Blank, A. (1)
- Blaskovich, M. (1)
- Bliesener, Lilly (1)
- Blinn, Catharina M. (1)
- Blocki, A. (1)
- Bodio, E. (1)
- Boehm, U. (1)
- Bojdys, M. J. (1)
- Bolea-Fernandez, E. (1)
- Bondarenko, S. (1)
- Borcherding, H. (1)
- Borde, T. (1)
- Bordel, N. (1)
- Bosch, M. (1)
- Botnar, R. (1)
- Boujtita, Mohammed (1)
- Braeuning, A. (1)
- Brandalero, M. (1)
- Brandenburg, S. (1)
- Bratu, A. E. (1)
- Brauckmann, C. (1)
- Braun, Ulrike (1)
- Braymer, Joseph J. (1)
- Breitlow, J. (1)
- Brenner, W. (1)
- Bresch, Harald (1)
- Brinza, L. (1)
- Broekgaarden, M. (1)
- Bromke, M. A. (1)
- Brotman, Y. (1)
- Brovelli, S. (1)
- Brown, C. M. (1)
- Brunet, G. (1)
- Brunink, D. (1)
- Brunjes, R. (1)
- Buchinger, S. (1)
- Buckley, Craig E. (1)
- Burmester, G. R. (1)
- Burnage, Samual (1)
- Busser, B. (1)
- Buttner, C. (1)
- Byrne, L. (1)
- Báez-Cruz, R. (1)
- Bäßler, Henriette (1)
- Böhlke, J. K. (1)
- Bölz, Uwe (1)
- Börner, H. G. (1)
- Büchele, Dominique (1)
- Cameron, L. A. (1)
- Cant, D.J.H. (1)
- Caraballo, R. (1)
- Carl, F. (1)
- Caroli, A. (1)
- Carriere, M. (1)
- Carrière, M. (1)
- Carrod, Andrew J. (1)
- Carulli, F. (1)
- Casabán, J. (1)
- Catrina, A. I. (1)
- Cazorla‐Amorós, Diego (1)
- Ceborska, M. (1)
- Chakraborty, I. (1)
- Chalfoun, J. (1)
- Chambers, J. J. (1)
- Chan, K. S. (1)
- Changjun, Y. (1)
- Chao, Madlen (1)
- Chapartegui-Arias, Ander (1)
- Charalambopoulou, Georgia (1)
- Chen, C.-L. (1)
- Chesson, L. A. (1)
- Choi, Youngeun (1)
- Choudhury, S. (1)
- Chronakis, Michail (1)
- Chronakis, Michail Ioannis (1)
- Chunxin, L. (1)
- Cichy, S. (1)
- Cipriani, A. (1)
- Clark, P.C.J (1)
- Clifford, C.A. (1)
- Coesfeld, Bianca (1)
- Collettini, F. (1)
- Comby-Zerbino, C. (1)
- Conde-Sousa, E. (1)
- Cope, A. P. (1)
- Corbett, A. D. (1)
- Cordelieres, F. P. (1)
- Costa, Elena (1)
- Costas-Rodrigues, M. (1)
- Couturas, Fabrice (1)
- Crasselt, C. (1)
- Creutzenberg, O. (1)
- Crouigneau, R. (1)
- Cuevas, Fermin (1)
- Dahlke, K. (1)
- Dai, Y. (1)
- Daniliuc, C.-G. (1)
- Danischewski, Julia (1)
- Dao, Radek (1)
- Dauphin, A. (1)
- Dazhou, C. (1)
- Deistung, A. (1)
- Del Giorgio, Elena (1)
- Del Nery, E. (1)
- Demchenko, A. (1)
- Denat, F. (1)
- Descalzo, Ana B. (1)
- Di Rocco, Tommaso (1)
- Diehn, S. (1)
- Diehn, Sabrina (1)
- Dietrich, P. M. (1)
- Dietzel, R. (1)
- Dinse, J. (1)
- Diop, S. B. (1)
- Dobbie, I. M. (1)
- Doltsinis, N. L. (1)
- Dontsi, Fabiola T. (1)
- Dorner, B. G. (1)
- Dragos, O. (1)
- Dračínský, M. (1)
- Drewitz, T. (1)
- Duewer, D. L. (1)
- Dunn, P. J. H. (1)
- Döring, Sarah (1)
- Eberhardt, Karl (1)
- Ehm, J.H. (1)
- Eibenberger-Arias, S. (1)
- Eifert, T (1)
- Eifert, T. (1)
- Eisen, K (1)
- Eisen, K. (1)
- Eismann, F. (1)
- El-Khatib, A. H. (1)
- El-Khatib, Ahmed (1)
- Elahi, T. (1)
- Elbaum, R. (1)
- Elert, Anna Maria (1)
- Elofsson, M. (1)
- Engel, A. (1)
- Engel, N. (1)
- Epp, A. (1)
- Eremin, S. (1)
- Eriksson, H. (1)
- Eriksson, J. E. (1)
- Erler, A. (1)
- Ermakov, A. (1)
- Even, Morgane (1)
- Fairen‐Jimenez, David (1)
- Faklaris, O. (1)
- Faltin, E. (1)
- Fandino, J. (1)
- Faust, K. (1)
- Favaro, M. (1)
- Fazeli, E. (1)
- Feiler, Torvid (1)
- Feldmann, J. (1)
- Feliu, N. (1)
- Felscher, A. (1)
- Fernandes-Whaley, M. (1)
- Fernandez, Bárbara (1)
- Fernandez-Menendez, L. J. (1)
- Fernandez-Rodriguez, J. (1)
- Fernie, A. R. (1)
- Fernández, B. (1)
- Ferrand, A. (1)
- Fessard, V. (1)
- Fiedler, Saskia (1)
- Filiba, N. (1)
- Filimonova, S. M. (1)
- Fischer, C. (1)
- Fischer, Janina (1)
- Fjellheim, S. (1)
- Flierl, L. (1)
- Flierl, Lukas (1)
- Frank, M. (1)
- Fratzke, Franziska (1)
- Freise, C. (1)
- Frey, A. M. (1)
- Frick, D. A. (1)
- Frick, Daniel A. (1)
- Fricke, F. (1)
- Fried, H. (1)
- Frings, P. J. (1)
- Fröhlich, E. (1)
- Förster, Ch. (1)
- Fürstenwerth, Paul Christian (1)
- Gadicherla, A. K. (1)
- Gajek, A. (1)
- Galico, D. A. (1)
- Gallet, B. (1)
- Gande, S. L. (1)
- Garbe, Leif-Alexander (1)
- Garczynska, K. (1)
- Garrido, E. (1)
- Gaudreault, N. (1)
- Gaviña, P. (1)
- Gebauer, J. (1)
- Gebbers, R. (1)
- Geburtig, Anja (1)
- Gehrmann, P. (1)
- Geilert, Sonja (1)
- Gelman, L, (1)
- Genger, C. (1)
- Geyer, S. (1)
- Ghalgaoui, A. (1)
- Gharaati, S. (1)
- Gheisari, A. (1)
- Gherghel, D. (1)
- Giannikopoulou, P. (1)
- Gienger, J. (1)
- Ginghina, R. E. (1)
- Girardi, L. (1)
- Giray, Thorsten (1)
- Gjörloff Wingren, A. (1)
- Gleeson, Sarah A. (1)
- Gloaguen, Y. (1)
- Glodny, J. (1)
- Godard, A. (1)
- Goeritzer, M. (1)
- Goh, W. I. (1)
- Golusda, L. (1)
- Gontijo, L.A.P. (1)
- Gonzalez-Gago, C. (1)
- González-Iglesias, H. (1)
- Gotor, Raúl (1)
- Goze, C. (1)
- Görlich, A. S. (1)
- Gradzielski, M. (1)
- Graf, C. (1)
- Grasso, G. (1)
- Gravel, I. V. (1)
- Gregório, Bruno J.R. (1)
- Griffin, E. (1)
- Groschke, Matthias (1)
- Gröning, M. (1)
- Grötzinger, C. (1)
- Grüne, M. (1)
- Grünier, Sophie (1)
- Gui, E. M. (1)
- Guilbert, T. (1)
- Gundlach-Graham, A. (1)
- Guo, J. (1)
- Gutierrez Suburu, M. E. (1)
- Göhde, W. (1)
- Gökcen, T. (1)
- Gören, A. C. (1)
- Götze, J. P. (1)
- Haag, Rainer (1)
- Haas, K.-H. (1)
- Haase, A. (1)
- Haase, Markus (1)
- Hachenberger, Y. U. (1)
- Hackenberg, R. (1)
- Haderlein, S.B. (1)
- Hadleigh, R. (1)
- Haeckel, A. (1)
- Haferkamp, Sebastian (1)
- Haffert, L. (1)
- Hafizi, F. (1)
- Hafner-Vuk, K. (1)
- Hagemann, N. (1)
- Hahndorf, J. (1)
- Hanke, T. (1)
- Hansteen, T. (1)
- Hantschke, Luisa (1)
- Harrad, Stuart (1)
- Harrer, Andrea (1)
- Harris, J. P. (1)
- Hartfiel, Reni (1)
- Hartmann, H. (1)
- Hartmann, J: (1)
- Harycki, S. (1)
- Hattendorf, B. (1)
- Heck, Christian (1)
- Heggemann, Tobias (1)
- Heikens, D. (1)
- Hein, R. (1)
- Hein, Sebastian (1)
- Heiner, Z. (1)
- Heinselman, Karen N. (1)
- Heintze, K. (1)
- Heinze, Katja (1)
- Helbling, S. (1)
- Hemmer, E. (1)
- Hemmerich, P. (1)
- Hendriks, L. (1)
- Hennig, A. (1)
- Hensen, C. (1)
- Hensvold, A. (1)
- Hernandez-Castillo, A. O. (1)
- Hernández-Sigüenza, G. (1)
- Herrmann, Stefan (1)
- Herter, Sven-Oliver (1)
- Hertwig, Andreas (1)
- Herwartz, D. (1)
- Herwig, C (1)
- Herwig, C. (1)
- Herzel, Hannes (1)
- Heuser, A. (1)
- Heyl, J. L. (1)
- Heyn, L. (1)
- Hidde, Gundula (1)
- Hidde, Julia (1)
- Hierzegger, R. (1)
- Hildebrandt, N. (1)
- Hilgenberg, Kai (1)
- Himly, Martin (1)
- Hirscher, M. (1)
- Hirscher, Michael (1)
- Hodjat Shamami, Parya (1)
- Hoeft, B. (1)
- Hoffmann, A. (1)
- Hoffmann, E. J. (1)
- Hoffmann, K. (1)
- Hofmann, Andrea (1)
- Holbrook, T. (1)
- Holst, G. A. (1)
- Holz, S. (1)
- Holzapfel, M. (1)
- Homann, C. (1)
- Hongmei, L. (1)
- Hora, J. M. (1)
- Horf, M. (1)
- Horillo, A. (1)
- Horn, Wolfgang (1)
- Hornung, J. (1)
- Hua, T. (1)
- Huang, J. (1)
- Huang, M.-D. (1)
- Huang, Y. (1)
- Hufgard, Josefin (1)
- Hughes, Joseph (1)
- Humphries, Terry D. (1)
- Hund-Rinke, K. (1)
- Hyppanen, I. (1)
- Härkönen, P. (1)
- Häupl, T. (1)
- Hübner, M. (1)
- Hübner, Oskar (1)
- Hübscher, C. (1)
- Imbihl, R. (1)
- Incamps, A. (1)
- Incel, A. (1)
- Infante-Duarte, C. (1)
- Inostroza, Manuel (1)
- Iost, R. M. (1)
- Islam, Fahima (1)
- Isleyen, A. (1)
- Itano, M. S. (1)
- Jaffe, C. B. (1)
- Jambor, H. K. (1)
- Janicke, B. (1)
- Jankuhn, S. (1)
- Jaque Garcia, D. (1)
- Jarvis, S. C. (1)
- Jaut, Valerie (1)
- Jenning, M. (1)
- Jennings, T. L. (1)
- Jiang, Shan (1)
- Jochum, T. (1)
- Joester, Maike (1)
- Johann, Sergej (1)
- Johansson, E. (1)
- Joshua, V. (1)
- Josserand, V. (1)
- Jouneau, P.-H. (1)
- Junge, Florian (1)
- Juritsch, Elevtheria (1)
- Kaiser, M. (1)
- Kaiser, Melanie N. (1)
- Kakoulides, E. (1)
- Kalot, G. (1)
- Kanehira, Y. (1)
- Kang, Y. (1)
- Kankare, J. (1)
- Karlagina, Yu. Yu. (1)
- Karlovsky, P. (1)
- Karra, M. (1)
- Kasch, J. (1)
- Kasemann, S. A. (1)
- Kaskel, Stefan (1)
- Kazlagić, Anera (1)
- Kearns, P. (1)
- Kembuan, C. (1)
- Kemnitz, E. (1)
- Kempf, W. E. (1)
- Keppler, A. (1)
- Khalid, M. (1)
- Khan, I. (1)
- Khanipour, P. (1)
- Khanipour, Peyman (1)
- Kim, Hyunlim (1)
- Kindness, A. (1)
- Kirchenbuechler, D. (1)
- Kirchner, M. (1)
- Kirilina, E. (1)
- Kitzmann, W.R. (1)
- Kjeldsen, H. (1)
- Klinger, D. (1)
- Kloas, W. (1)
- Klopfleisch, R. (1)
- Klose, C. (1)
- Kläber, Christopher (1)
- Knigge, Xenia (1)
- Knobloch, Tim (1)
- Knospe, J. (1)
- Kobayashi, N. (1)
- Kobelt, D. (1)
- Koch, A. (1)
- Koch-Müller, M. (1)
- Kocic, J. (1)
- Koenders, M. I. (1)
- Koenig, Maren (1)
- Koetz, J. (1)
- Koga, K. (1)
- Kohler, A. (1)
- Kohlhoff, Harald (1)
- Koll, J-C (1)
- Komarov, Pavel (1)
- Konetzki, J. (1)
- Konetzki, Jörg (1)
- Koopman, W. (1)
- Kornev, R. (1)
- Kowalewska, Z. (1)
- Kraft, R. (1)
- Kraft, Ronja (1)
- Krahl, T. (1)
- Kraume, M. (1)
- Kraus, Werner (1)
- Krause, B. (1)
- Krens, G. (1)
- Krenzer, J. (1)
- Kreuzer, Oliver J. (1)
- Krevert, C. S. (1)
- Kriegel, F. L. (1)
- Kriegel, Fabian L. (1)
- Krivenkov, V. (1)
- Krobitsch, S. (1)
- Kromer, Ch. (1)
- Krukewitt, Lisa (1)
- Krumrey, Julian Frederic (1)
- Krupp, E. (1)
- Krüger, M. (1)
- Kubheka, G. (1)
- Kuchenbecker, Petra (1)
- Kukat, C. (1)
- Kulkarni, R. (1)
- Kunert, A. T. (1)
- Kunis, S. (1)
- Kunkel, D. (1)
- Kutterolf, S. (1)
- Köppen, Robert (1)
- Köster, U. (1)
- Kösters, J. (1)
- Kühl, A. A. (1)
- Kühn, S. (1)
- Labrador-Paez, Lucia, L. (1)
- Lacoste, J. (1)
- Lademann, J. (1)
- Lampen, A. (1)
- Lange, M. A. (1)
- Lanzillotta, M. (1)
- Lau, C. W. (1)
- Laude, A. (1)
- Lauermann, I. (1)
- Layana, Susana (1)
- Lebas, E. (1)
- Lebègue, Estelle (1)
- Lee, J. H. (1)
- Lehmann, M. (1)
- Lehnik-Habrink, Petra (1)
- Lentzsch, P. (1)
- Lettow, Maike (1)
- Li, Q. (1)
- Li, Y.-F. (1)
- Licha, K. (1)
- Liebetrau, V. (1)
- Liebig, F. (1)
- Liesegang, Moritz (1)
- Lill, Roland (1)
- Lincheneau, C. (1)
- Lindemann, Franziska (1)
- Ling, W. L. (1)
- Linscheid, M. W. (1)
- Lippa, K. (1)
- Lischeid, G. (1)
- Liu, Y. (1)
- Liu, Z. (1)
- Lochbrunner, S. (1)
- Lommel, Lukas (1)
- Lowry, G. (1)
- Lu, T. (1)
- Lu, Y. (1)
- Luboradzki, R. (1)
- Ludwig, A. (1)
- Ludwig, J. (1)
- Luettges, K. (1)
- Lugli, F. (1)
- Lutowski, Marc (1)
- Lutze, H.V. (1)
- López-Iglesias, C. (1)
- López-Serrano, Ana (1)
- Löhmann, Oliver (1)
- Löhmannsröben, H.-G. (1)
- Lörchner, Dominique (1)
- Lübkemann, F. (1)
- Lünsdorf, K. (1)
- Machado, W.S. (1)
- Machatschek, Rainhard (1)
- Mack, J. (1)
- Magalhães, Luís M. (1)
- Mages, H. W. (1)
- Magna, T. (1)
- Magnall, Joseph M. (1)
- Mai, A. (1)
- Mai, C. (1)
- Maisuls, I. (1)
- Maiwald, M. (1)
- Manley, P. (1)
- Manokhin, S. S. (1)
- Mansurova, Maria (1)
- Marcello, M. (1)
- Marcos, M. D. (1)
- Marco‐Lozar, Juan P. (1)
- Marcus, von der Au (1)
- Marie, R. (1)
- Marklein, B. (1)
- Markovina, A. (1)
- Marques, Sara S. (1)
- Martins, G. G. (1)
- Martins, Ines (1)
- Martins, Inês C.B. (1)
- Martusevich, A. (1)
- Martí-Centelles, V. (1)
- Martínez Mánez, R. (1)
- Martínez-Máñez, R. (1)
- Mathies, Helena (1)
- Matschat, Ralf (1)
- Matschaß, René (1)
- Maul, R. (1)
- Maul, Ronald (1)
- Mavrakis, E. (1)
- May, L. (1)
- Mech-Piskorz, J. (1)
- Meija, J. (1)
- Meijer, G. (1)
- Meisel, T. C. (1)
- Mekonnen, Tessema F. (1)
- Melnikov, E. S. (1)
- Melo, A. (1)
- Mendez-Lopez, C. (1)
- Menero-Valdés, P. (1)
- Menzel, R. (1)
- Metcalf, D. J. (1)
- Mey, A. S. J. S. (1)
- Meyer, S. (1)
- Michail Ioannis, Chronakis (1)
- Milosavljevic, A. R. (1)
- Mimus, S. (1)
- Misch, M. (1)
- Mitchell, C. A. (1)
- Mitkovski, M. (1)
- Mitze, H. (1)
- Moerer, R. (1)
- Mohammad, W. (1)
- Mohr, Gunther (1)
- Mokrizkij, M. (1)
- Moldenhauer, Daniel (1)
- Moll, J. (1)
- Molnar, Brian (1)
- Mondeshki, M. (1)
- Monk, Melissa-Jane (1)
- Montag, D. (1)
- Montes-Bayón, M. (1)
- Moore, J. (1)
- Moossen, H. (1)
- Morawski, M. (1)
- Morcillo Garcia-Morato, Dalia (1)
- Morell, Daniel (1)
- Moreno Torres, Benjami (1)
- Moriscot, C. (1)
- Morr, A. (1)
- Moser, Marko (1)
- Mostafa, A. (1)
- Motto-Ros, V. (1)
- Mourot, Rey (1)
- Mrkwitschka, Paul (1)
- Mueller, T. (1)
- Mueller, V. (1)
- Mulder, D. M. (1)
- Munck, S. (1)
- Murray, J. A. (1)
- Murugesu, M. (1)
- Musnier, B. (1)
- Mutas, M. (1)
- Mägdefessel, L. (1)
- Möller, H. M. (1)
- Mühle, U. (1)
- Mühlenhoff, Ulrich (1)
- Müller, A. (1)
- Müller, Larissa (1)
- Müller, M.H. (1)
- Müller, O. (1)
- Müller, S. (1)
- Müller, Th. J. J. (1)
- Nabiev, I. (1)
- Nack, L. M. (1)
- Nammoonnoy, J. (1)
- Nau, W. M. (1)
- Nazarov, V. (1)
- Neamtu, M. (1)
- Neamtu, Mariana (1)
- Nelson, G. (1)
- Nelson, M. S. (1)
- Neubert, T. J. (1)
- Neuhaus, B. (1)
- Neumann, B. (1)
- Nguyen, Khoa (1)
- Nicolas, C. (1)
- Niedner-Schatteburg, G. (1)
- Niehaus, J. (1)
- Nifontova, G. (1)
- Nikoloski, Z. (1)
- Nilam, M. (1)
- Nirmalananthan-Budau, N. (1)
- Nitschke, R. (1)
- Nonhoff, U. (1)
- Noordmann, J. (1)
- Nordholt, Niclas (1)
- North, A. J. (1)
- Nowak, K. (1)
- Nowak, S. (1)
- Nowatzky, Yannek (1)
- Nxumalo, T. (1)
- Nyokong, T. (1)
- O'Hara, Kate (1)
- Odintsova, G. V. (1)
- Ogayer, M. P. (1)
- Ogg, S. (1)
- Oh, Hyunchul (1)
- Ohlson, M. (1)
- Ohlsson, L. (1)
- Okruss, M. (1)
- Olbricht, Jürgen (1)
- Olfs, H.-W. (1)
- Oliveira, H. (1)
- Omranian, N. (1)
- Onami, S. (1)
- Onken, J. S. (1)
- Onthank, D. (1)
- Opitz, P. (1)
- Orf, I. (1)
- Oskoei, P. (1)
- Ostendorp, S. (1)
- Ozcan, Ozlem (1)
- Paclik, D. (1)
- Palmer, A. L. (1)
- Pan, G. (1)
- Panas, I. (1)
- Panthöfer, M. (1)
- Parak, W. J. (1)
- Parilla, Philip A. (1)
- Parr, Maria K. (1)
- Parra, M. (1)
- Paskevicius, Mark (1)
- Paul-Gilloteaux, P. (1)
- Paula-Santos, G. M. (1)
- Pauli, Jutta (1)
- Pauw, Brian Richard (1)
- Pazoki, F. (1)
- Pedersen, S. F. (1)
- Pelzer, J. (1)
- Pereira Remelhe, M. (1)
- Pereiro, R. (1)
- Pergantis, S. A. (1)
- Peter, Elisa K. (1)
- Peters, R. Sven (1)
- Petit, T. (1)
- Pfeifer, Dietmar (1)
- Philipp, Rosemarie (1)
- Phukphatthanachai, Pranee (1)
- Picher, Marie-Idrissa (1)
- Piepel, M.-F. (1)
- Pierik, Antonio J. (1)
- Pikramenou, Zoe (1)
- Pimentel, J. A. (1)
- Pine, K. (1)
- Pisonero, J. (1)
- Plantard, L. (1)
- Platt, B. (1)
- Pliquett, J. (1)
- Podder, S. (1)
- Polishuk, I. (1)
- Polyakov, D. S. (1)
- Polzer, J. (1)
- Pons, Monica (1)
- Pons, Monika (1)
- Popov, A. A. (1)
- Potopnyk, M. (1)
- Poveda, M. C. (1)
- Pramann, Axel (1)
- Prasad, S. (1)
- Pribil, M. J. (1)
- Proux, O. (1)
- Prädel, L. (1)
- Päpcke, A. (1)
- Pätzold, S. (1)
- Pätzold, Stefan (1)
- Pérez-Padilla, Victor (1)
- Qi, B. (1)
- Qiu, X. (1)
- Quarles Jr., C. D. (1)
- Quinn, L. (1)
- Qurashi, A. (1)
- Raab, A. (1)
- Raab, Christopher (1)
- Rabb, S. (1)
- Radaev, M. M. (1)
- Radbruch, H. (1)
- Radke, J. (1)
- Radunz, Sebastian (1)
- Ramanan, C. (1)
- Ramírez, A. (1)
- Rasse, T. (1)
- Rauscher, H. (1)
- Rautenberg, Max (1)
- Raysyan, A. (1)
- Reber, C. (1)
- Regnery, J. (1)
- Reichenbach, J. R. (1)
- Reifferscheid, G. (1)
- Reith, C.J. (1)
- Relling, A. (1)
- Remelhe, M. (1)
- Remmler, Dario (1)
- Ren, J. (1)
- Renard, B. Y. (1)
- Renko, K. (1)
- Rexhepaj, E. (1)
- Ribeiro, D. S. M. (1)
- Richter, C. (1)
- Riebe, D. (1)
- Riebeling, Ch. (1)
- Riedel, Maren (1)
- Riedel, Sebastian L. (1)
- Rieger, Philip (1)
- Rienitz, Olaf (1)
- Rigo, Massimo (1)
- Rillig, M. C. (1)
- Rissiek, P. (1)
- Ritter, D. (1)
- Robinson, S. (1)
- Rodiouchkina, K. (1)
- Rodriguez-Sillke, Y. (1)
- Rodríguez-Díaz, Augusto (1)
- Roedinger, Stefan (1)
- Roggenbuck, D. (1)
- Rossel, Pamela E. (1)
- Roy, S. (1)
- Royon, A. (1)
- Rueß, L. (1)
- Russo, Francesco (1)
- Russo, Francesco F. (1)
- Rutherford, D. (1)
- Röllig, Mathias (1)
- Rönnelid, J. (1)
- Rösler, J. (1)
- Rösser, Ralf (1)
- Rücker, Kerstin (1)
- Rühl, Isabel (1)
- Saari, M. A. (1)
- Saloga, J. (1)
- Samokhvalov, A. A. (1)
- Sancenón, F. (1)
- Sancey, L. (1)
- Sanchez-Cano, C. (1)
- Sandelin, A. (1)
- Sander, L. C. (1)
- Santolin, Lara (1)
- Santos, C.I.L. (1)
- Santos, J. L. M. (1)
- Sarhan, R. M. (1)
- Sarma, Dominik (1)
- Sarret, G. (1)
- Sassenroth, Diana (1)
- Sawal, G. (1)
- Saxena, K. (1)
- Schapman, D. (1)
- Schedler, U. (1)
- Schiavon, M.A. (1)
- Schilling, Markus (1)
- Schinnen, Andrea (1)
- Schmid, M. (1)
- Schmidt, B. (1)
- Schmidt, C. (1)
- Schmidt, Carsten (1)
- Schmidt, M. (1)
- Schmidt, Stephan (1)
- Schmidt, W. (1)
- Schnorr, J. (1)
- Scholz, J. (1)
- Schoonderwoert, V. (1)
- Schoonjans, R. (1)
- Schramm, A. (1)
- Schroth-Diez, B. (1)
- Schubert, H. (1)
- Schuessler, J. A. (1)
- Schuetz, L. C. (1)
- Schuetz, R. (1)
- Schulz, F. (1)
- Schulze, A. (1)
- Schulze, D. (1)
- Schulze, P. (1)
- Schurr, S. L. (1)
- Schutter, Jan David (1)
- Schwab, K. (1)
- Schwalbe, H. (1)
- Schwartz, S. (1)
- Schweizer, C. (1)
- Schweizer, S. (1)
- Schwibbert, K. (1)
- Schäfer, A. (1)
- Schäferling, Michael (1)
- Scoppola, E. (1)
- Sear, M. J. (1)
- Sebald, M.A. (1)
- Seifert, Stephan (1)
- Seitz, A. (1)
- Seitz, G. (1)
- Sellrie, F. (1)
- Senkovska, Irena (1)
- Serrano, V. (1)
- Shabarova, L. (1)
- Shah, F. A. (1)
- Shard, A.G. (1)
- Shaw, M. (1)
- Shchepochkina, O. Y. (1)
- Shelley, Jacob (1)
- Shinde, S. (1)
- Shkrunin, V. (1)
- Shlomchik, M. J. (1)
- Shoaib, N. (1)
- Shulda, Sarah (1)
- Sichler, Theresa Constanze (1)
- Sieber, M. J. (1)
- Siegmund, B. (1)
- Sigoli, F. A. (1)
- Sigrist, S. (1)
- Silbernagl, Dorothee (1)
- Silva, R. V. (1)
- Silvestre‐Albero, Joaquin (1)
- Skriner, K. (1)
- Skroblin, D. (1)
- Skrotzki, Birgit (1)
- Slominskii, Y. (1)
- Smales, Glen Jacob (1)
- Smatty, Sarah (1)
- Smorodchenko, A. (1)
- Soares, J. X. (1)
- Solovyev, N. (1)
- Somma, V. (1)
- Sommer, Konstantin (1)
- Song, W. (1)
- Soukka, T. (1)
- Sowa, M. (1)
- Sowoidnich, K. (1)
- Spahr, S. (1)
- Spallanzani, Roberta (1)
- Spantgar, Farah (1)
- Spitaler, M. (1)
- Spranger, J. (1)
- Sreeramulu, S. (1)
- Starr, D.E. (1)
- Stawski, Tomasz (1)
- Steglich, P. (1)
- Stehling, Oliver (1)
- Stein, L. (1)
- Stein, U. (1)
- Steiner, G. (1)
- Steiner, Markus (1)
- Steinhäuser, Lorin (1)
- Stephan, Ina (1)
- Steriotis, Theodore (1)
- Sternbaek, L. (1)
- Sternbæk, L. (1)
- Stigliani, A. (1)
- Stoeckl, M. T. (1)
- Stollenwerk, M. M. (1)
- Strambio-De-Castillia, C. (1)
- Strassert, C. A. (1)
- Stratulat, C. (1)
- Strauss, H. (1)
- Stuff, Maria (1)
- Sturm, Heinz (1)
- Sturm, Patrick (1)
- Störmer, A. (1)
- Stümpfig, Martin (1)
- Sudar, D. (1)
- Sukhanova, A. (1)
- Sumpf, B. (1)
- Sun, C. (1)
- Sun, Yijuan (1)
- Suturina, E. A. (1)
- Swart, C. (1)
- Swedlow, J. R. (1)
- Swiegelaar, C. (1)
- Tahir, M. N. (1)
- Takahashi, Y. (1)
- Tampaxis, Christos (1)
- Tang, K. (1)
- Tarantini, A. (1)
- Tarazona, Natalia A. (1)
- Tarábek, J. (1)
- Taskula, S. (1)
- Teich, W. (1)
- Teillon, J. (1)
- Temgoua, Ranil C.T. (1)
- Tenenboim, H. (1)
- Teo, T. L. (1)
- Terjung, S. (1)
- Ternes, T. (1)
- Theuring, F. (1)
- Thiele, A. (1)
- Thiele, D. (1)
- Thiele, Isabel (1)
- Thielmann, A. (1)
- Thobie-Gautier, Christine (1)
- Thuenauer, R. (1)
- Tinnefeld, Philip (1)
- Tjaden, B. (1)
- Todor, A. (1)
- Tonlé, Ignas K. (1)
- Trampel, R. (1)
- Tranter, Martyn (1)
- Treiling, S. (1)
- Tremel, W. (1)
- Trog, S. (1)
- Trouillet, V. (1)
- Tschiche, H. R. (1)
- Tunc, M. (1)
- Ugur, N. (1)
- Unger, Jörg F. (1)
- Unger, Wolfgang (1)
- Usman, H. (1)
- Vajkoczy, P. (1)
- Vasileiadis, V. (1)
- Vasiliades, A. (1)
- Veico, V. P. (1)
- Verestiuc, L. (1)
- Verhassel, A. (1)
- Verlemann, C. (1)
- Vocke, R. D. (1)
- Voetz, M. (1)
- Vogel, Kristin (1)
- Vogel, S. (1)
- Voigt, A.-L. (1)
- Vranic, M. (1)
- Völker, Christoph (1)
- Wagner, M. (1)
- Wagner, S. (1)
- Walczyk, T. (1)
- Wallmann, K. (1)
- Walter, Thomas R. (1)
- Walther, W. (1)
- Wang, S. (1)
- Wang, Shu (1)
- Wang, X. (1)
- Wang, Y. (1)
- Weber, A. (1)
- Weber, F. (1)
- Weber, N. (1)
- Wegmann, Marc (1)
- Wehrle, Ralf (1)
- Weider, Prisca S. (1)
- Weisheit, W. (1)
- Weiskopf, N. (1)
- Weiss, Tilman (1)
- Welker, P. (1)
- Welzel, F. (1)
- Werneburg, Martina (1)
- Westerdick, S. (1)
- Westerlind, U. (1)
- Widengren, J (1)
- Widera, D. (1)
- Widhalm, S. (1)
- Wiedenbeck, Michael (1)
- Wieser, M. E. (1)
- Wilde, S. (1)
- Wilke, Olaf (1)
- Willbold, M. (1)
- Wilms, C. D. (1)
- Wirth, E. K. (1)
- Wise, S. A. (1)
- Wisniewska, A. (1)
- Witt, Angelika (1)
- Witte, F. (1)
- Witte, J. F. (1)
- Wittkamp, M. (1)
- Wittstock, Gunther (1)
- Wolf, J. (1)
- Wong, D. (1)
- Wood, L. J. (1)
- Wortmann, U. G. (1)
- Wright, G. D. (1)
- Wu, Y.T. (1)
- Wójcik, M. (1)
- Xiao, J. (1)
- Xu, R. (1)
- Yadav, Anur (1)
- Yoneda, S. (1)
- Yusenko, Kirill (1)
- Zacharias, M. (1)
- Zancajo, Victor M.R. (1)
- Zeise, I. (1)
- Zettner, Alina (1)
- Zhang, Kun (1)
- Zhang, L. (1)
- Zhang, Y. (1)
- Zhou, Z. (1)
- Zhu, X. (1)
- Zhu, X.-K. (1)
- Zhu, Y. (1)
- Zhuang, Y. (1)
- Zimathies, Annett (1)
- Zimmer, Martin (1)
- Zimmermann, B. (1)
- Zoister, Christian (1)
- Zuliani, T. (1)
- Zwigart, S. (1)
- Zänker, Steffen (1)
- de Krom, I. (1)
- de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana (1)
- de Souza Machado, A. A. (1)
- van de Krol, R. (1)
- von Boehn, B. (1)
- von Randow, M. (1)
- von der Kammer, F. (1)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (335)
Sprache
- Englisch (335) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- ja (335) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (51)
- Quantum yield (35)
- Sensor (24)
- Lifetime (21)
- Quality assurance (20)
- Dye (18)
- Photophysics (18)
- Nano (16)
- Synthesis (13)
- Cancer (12)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (335) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (12)
Kern, Simon ; Liehr, Sascha ; Wander, Lukas ; Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin ; Müller, S. ; Maiwald, Michael ; Kowarik, Stefan
Industry 4.0 is all about interconnectivity, sensor-enhanced process control, and data-driven systems. Process analytical technology (PAT) such as online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is gaining in importance, as it increasingly contributes to automation and digitalization in production. In many cases up to now, however, a classical evaluation of process data and their transformation into knowledge is not possible or not economical due to the insufficiently large datasets available. When developing an automated method applicable in process control, sometimes only the basic data of a limited number of batch tests from typical product and process development campaigns are available. However, these datasets are not large enough for training machine-supported procedures. In this work, to overcome this limitation, a new procedure was developed, which allows physically motivated multiplication of the available reference data in order to obtain a sufficiently large dataset for training machine learning algorithms. The underlying example chemical synthesis was measured and analyzed with both application-relevant low-field NMR and high-field NMR spectroscopy as reference method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the potential to infer valuable process information already from relatively limited input data. However, in order to predict the concentration at complex conditions (many reactants and wide concentration ranges), larger ANNs and, therefore, a larger Training dataset are required. We demonstrate that a moderately complex problem with four reactants can be addressed using ANNs in combination with the presented PAT method (low-field NMR) and with the proposed approach to generate meaningful training data.
N-Myc is a transcription factor that is aberrantly expressed in many tumor types and is often correlated with poor patient prognosis. Recently, several lines of evidence pointed to the fact that oncogenic activation of Myc family proteins is concomitant with reprogramming of tumor cells to cope with an enhanced need for metabolites during cell growth. These adaptions are driven by the ability of Myc proteins to act as transcriptional amplifiers in a tissue-of-origin specific manner. Here, we describe the effects of N-Myc overexpression on metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma cells. Ectopic expression of N-Myc induced a glycolytic switch that was concomitant with enhanced sensitivity towards 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. Moreover, global metabolic profiling revealed extensive alterations in the cellular metabolome resulting from overexpression of N-Myc. Limited supply with either of the two main carbon sources, glucose or glutamine, resulted in distinct shifts in steady-state metabolite levels and significant changes in glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, interference with glutamine-glutamate conversion preferentially blocked proliferation of N-Myc overexpressing cells, when glutamine levels were reduced. Thus, our study uncovered N-Myc induction and nutrient levels as important metabolic master switches in neuroblastoma cells and identified critical nodes that restrict tumor cell proliferation.
Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, and photophysics of novel homo- and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(cpmp)2] 2+ (22+) and [Ru(cpmp)(ddpd)]2+ (32+) bearing the tridentate ligands 6,2’’-carboxypyridyl-2,2’-methylamine-pyridylpyridine (cpmp) and N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine (ddpd) are reported. The complexes possess one (32+) or two (22+) electron-deficient dipyridyl ketone fragments as electron accepting sites enabling intraligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand-toligand charge transfer (LL’CT) and low-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions. The latter peak around 544 nm (green light). 22+ shows 3MLCT phosphorescence in the red to near-infrared spectral region at room temperature in deaerated acetonitrile solution with an emission quantum yield of 1.3 % and a 3MLCT lifetime of 477 ns, while 3
2+ is much less luminescent. This different behaviour is ascribed to the energy gap law and the shape of the parasitic excited 3MC state potential energy surface. This study highlights the importance of the excited state energies and geometries for the actual excited state dynamics. Aromatic and aliphatic amines reductively quench the excited state of 22+ paving the way to photocatalytic applications using low-energy green light as exemplified with the green-light sensitized thiol-ene click reaction.
Even though being the subject of natural scientific research for many decades, the system CaSO4–H2O, consisting of the five crystalline phases gypsum, bassanite, and the anhydrites III, II, and I, has left many open questions for research. Raman spectroscopy was used because of its structural sensitivity and in situ measurement capability to obtain further insight by studying phase transitions in both ex situ and in situ experiments. The findings include significant contributions to the completeness and understanding of Raman spectroscopic data of the system. The dehydration path gypsum–bassanite–anhydrite III was shown to have strong parallels to a physical drying process, which depends on many parameters beyond the burning temperature. Raman band width determination was demonstrated to enable the quantitative discrimination of α-bassanite and β-bassanite as well as the postulated three sub-forms of anhydrite II (AII), which are all based on differences in crystallinity. In the latter case, the observed continuous structural variations over increasing burning temperatures were elucidated as a combination of decreasing surface areas and healing of crystal lattice defects. We propose an only two-fold sub-division of AII into reactive “disordered AII” and much less reactive “crystalline AII” with a transition temperature of 650°C ± 50 K.
Thousands of antibodies for diagnostic and other analytical purposes are on the market. However, it is often difficult to identify duplicates, reagent changes, and to assign the correct original publications to an antibody. This slows down scientific progress and might even be a cause of irreproducible research and a waste of resources. Recently, activities were started to suggest the sole use of recombinant antibodies in combination with the open communication of their sequence. In this case, such uncertainties should be eliminated. Unfortunately, this approach seems to be rather a long-term vision since the development and manufacturing of recombinant antibodies remain quite expensive in the foreseeable future. Nearly all commercial antibody suppliers also may be reluctant to publish the sequence of their antibodies, since they fear counterfeiting. De novo sequencing of antibodies is also not feasible today for a reagent user without access to the hybridoma clone. Nevertheless, it seems to be crucial for any scientist to have the opportunity to identify an antibody undoubtedly to guarantee the traceability of any research activity using antibodies from a third party as a tool. For this purpose, we developed a method for the identification of antibodies based on a MALDI-TOF MS fingerprint. To circumvent lengthy denaturation, reduction, alkylation, and enzymatic digestion steps, the fragmentation was performed with a simple formic acid hydrolysis step. Eighty-nine unknown monoclonal antibodies were used for this study to examine the feasibility of this approach. Although the molecular assignment of peaks was rarely possible, antibodies could be easily recognized in a blinded test, simply from their mass-spectral fingerprint. A general protocol is given, which could be used without any optimization to generate fingerprints for a database. We want to propose that, in most scientific projects relying critically on antibody reagents, such a fingerprint should be established to prove and document the identity of the used antibodies, as well as to assign a specific reagent to a datasheet of a commercial supplier, public database record, or antibody ID.
Hachenberger, Y. U. ; Rosenkranz, D. ; Kriegel, Fabian L. ; Krause, B. ; Matschaß, René ; Reichardt, P. ; Tentschert, J. ; Laux, P. ; Jakubowski, Norbert ; Panne, Ulrich ; Luch, A.
Nano-carrier systems such as liposomes have promising biomedical applications. Nevertheless, characterization of these complex samples is a challenging analytical task. In this study a coupled hydrodynamic chromatography-single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HDC-spICP-MS) approach was validated based on the technical specification (TS) 19590:2017 of the international organization for standardization (ISO). The TS has been adapted to the hyphenated setup. The quality criteria (QC), e.g., linearity of the calibration, transport efficiency, were investigated. Furthermore, a cross calibration of the particle size was performed with values from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to an additional Y-piece, an online-calibration routine was implemented. This approach allows the calibration of the ICP-MS during the dead time of the chromatography run, to reduce the required time and enhance the robustness of the results. The optimized method was tested with different gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) mixtures to investigate the characterization properties of HDC separations for samples with increasing complexity. Additionally, the technique was successfully applied to simultaneously determine both the hydrodynamic radius and the Au-NP content in liposomes. With the established hyphenated setup, it was possible to distinguish between different subpopulations with various NP loads and different hydrodynamic diameters inside the liposome carriers.
The catalytic behavior of iron phthalocyanine (FePc)-sensitized magnetic nanocatalysts was evaluated for their application in the oxidative treatment of Bisphenol A (BPA) under mild environmental conditions. Two types of FePc (Fe(II)Pc and Fe(III)Pc), which are highly photosensitive compounds, were immobilized on the surface of functionalized magnetite. The nanomaterials were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray difraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The generation of singlet Oxygen by nanomaterials was also investigated. In the presence of UVA light exposure (365nm) and 15mM H2O2, the M@Fe(III)Pc photocatalyst gave the best results; for a catalyst concentration of 2.0gL −1, around 60% BPA was removed after 120min of reaction. These experimental conditions were further tested under natural solar light exposure, for which also M@Fe(III)Pc exhibited enhanced oxidative catalytic activity, being able to remove 83% of BPA in solution. The water samples were less cytotoxic after treatment, this being confrmed by the MCF-7 cell viability assay.
Bhattacharya, Biswajit ; Michalchuk, Adam ; Silbernagl, Dorothee ; Rautenberg, Max ; Schmid, Thomas ; Feiler, Torvid ; Reimann, K. ; Ghalgaoui, A. ; Sturm, Heinz ; Paulus, B. ; Emmerling, Franziska
Mechanical flexibility in single crystals of covalently bound materials is a fascinating and poorly understood phenomenon. We present here the first example of a plastically flexible one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer. The compound [Zn(m-Cl)2(3,5-dichloropyridine)2]n is flexible over two crystallographic faces. Remarkably, the single crystal remains intact when bent to 1808. A combination of microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopic studies have been used to probe the structural response of the crystal lattice to mechanical bending. Deformation of the covalent polymer chains does not appear to be responsible for the observed macroscopic bending. Instead, our results suggest that mechanical bending occurs by displacement of the coordination polymer chains. Based on experimental and theoretical evidence, we propose a new model for mechanical flexibility in 1D coordination polymers. Moreover, our calculations propose a cause of the different mechanical properties of this compound and a structurally similar elastic material
Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a novel spectral analysis technique that is being applied for Raman spectroscopy of minerals. This paper presents the theoretical basis of SHS and its application for Raman measurements of calcite, quartz and forsterite in marble, copper ore and nickel ore, respectively. The SHS measurements are done using a broadband (518–686 nm) and resolving power R ≈ 3000 instrument. The spectra obtained using SHS are compared to those obtained by benchtop and modular dispersive spectrometers. It is found that SHRS performance in terms of resolution is comparable to that of the benchtop spectrometer and better than the modular dispersive spectrometer, while the sensitivity of SHRS is worse than that of a benchtop spectrometer, but better than that of a modular dispersive spectrometer. When considered that SHS components are small and can be packaged into a handheld device, there is interest in developing an SHS-based Instrument for mobile Raman spectroscopy. This paper evaluates the possibility of such an application.
Current and future requirements to industrial analytical infrastructure—part 2: smart sensors
(2020)
Complex processes meet and need Industry 4.0 capabilities. Shorter product cycles, flexible production needs, and direct assessment of product quality attributes and raw material attributes call for an increased need of new process analytical technologies (PAT) concepts. While individual PAT tools may be available since decades, we need holistic concepts to fulfill above industrial needs. In this series of two contributions, we want to present a combined view on the future of PAT (process analytical technology), which is projected in smart labs (Part 1) and smart sensors (Part 2). Part 2 of this feature article series describes the future functionality as well as the ingredients of a smart sensor aiming to eventually fuel full PAT functionality. The smart sensor consists of (i) chemical and process information in the physical twin by smart field devices, by measuring multiple components, and is fully connected in the IIoT 4.0 environment. In addition, (ii) it includes process intelligence in the digital twin, as to being able to generate knowledge from multi-sensor and multi-dimensional data. The cyber-physical system (CPS) combines both elements mentioned above and allows the smart sensor to be self-calibrating and self-optimizing. It maintains its operation autonomously. Furthermore, it allows—as central PAT enabler—a flexible but also target-oriented predictive control strategy and efficient process development and can compensate variations of the process and raw material attributes. Future cyber-physical production systems—like smart sensors—consist of the fusion of two main pillars, the physical and the digital twins. We discuss the individual elements of both pillars, such as connectivity, and chemical analytics on the one hand as well as hybrid models and knowledge workflows on the other. Finally, we discuss its integration needs in a CPS in order to allow is versatile deployment in efficient process development and advanced optimum predictive process control.