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IDMS Training
(2016)
Based on its proven records especially in reference material certification, isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) is considered as one of the most powerful and most accurate methods for determining amounts of substance. Contrary to other calibration approaches, IDMS does not directly suffer from long-time changes or drifts in instrument sensitivity. Moreover, provided isotopic exchange between the sample and spike is ensured, losses of analyte do not affect the analytical result. Both advantages are based on the fact that IDMS only requires isotope ratio measurements and isotope ratios are largely unaffected by instrumental drift, setup or by matrix, unless an isobaric interference is present.
The Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM), the world's highest institution for metrology in chemistry, considers IDMS as the most important “Primary Method of Measurement” for amount determination. The total combined uncertainty, according to ISO and EURACHEM guidelines, can easily be calculated via the IDMS equations. Applying it correctly, IDMS has the potential to be a primary method of measurement yielding SI traceable values in the most direct way with combined uncertainties significantly smaller than obtainable by other methods.
In general it can be stated that IDMS is the most important reference method for elemental and elemental species analysis, offering highest accuracy and precision or smallest measurement uncertainties, when properly applied. Thus IDMS represents by far the best suited reference method for RM characterisation. Due to its universal applicability IDMS offers sufficient potential to follow future needs in analytical chemistry as well as in the RM sector.
This presentation will demonstrate the basic principle of IDMS and will show its Pros and Cons as well as its pitfalls. Possible sources of errors and bias are mentioned and correction models will be discussed. Notice will be given to metrological aspects such as traceability and uncertainty. Differences in the application of thermal ionization mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are discussed as well as differences between different types of mass spectrometers. This will be illustrated by practical examples from various fields.
Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Luminescent Nanocrystals and Particles in the UV/vis/NIR/SWIR
(2023)
The rational design of functional luminescent materials such as semiconductor quantum dots and lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles, all photophysical and mechanistic studies, and the comparison of different emitters require accurate and quantitative photoluminescence measurements. Particularly the reliable determination of the key performance parameter photoluminescence quantum yield (f), the number of emitted per absorbed photons, and the brightness are of special importance for luminescence applications in the life and material sciences and nano(bio)photonics.[1] In this context, examples for absolute measurements of the photoluminescence quantum yields of UV/vis/NIR/SWIR emissive semiconductor quantum dots and rods, made from different materials, and spectrally shifting lanthanide upconversion nanocrystals with different surface chemistries in transparent matrices are presented including excitation wavelength and power density dependent studies utilizing integration sphere spectroscopy.[2,3] In addition, procedures for the absolute determination of the photoluminescence quantum yields of scattering dispersions of larger size quantum rods and differently sized inorganic particles have been developed as well as procedures for the characterization of solid luminescent nanomaterials such as different perovskites and YAG:Cer converter materials.[4] Thereby, challenges and pitfalls of f measurements in different wavelength regions including the SWIR and material-specific effects related to certain emitter classes are addressed, achievable uncertainties are quantified, and relative and absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yield measurements are compared to underline limitations of the former approach. Finally, a set of novel UV/vis/NIR quantum yield standards is presented including their certification with a complete uncertainty budget.[5]
Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) ist eine forschende Bundesoberbehörde und Einrichtung der Ressortforschung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Unter ihrer Leitlinie „Sicherheit in Technik und Chemie“ ist sie zuständig für die öffentliche technische Sicherheit und für metrologische Aufgaben in der Chemie. Das Aufgabenspektrum der BAM, das sich an aktuellen Fragestellungen aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik und Normung orientiert, bietet sehr viele interessante Tätigkeitsfelder für Naturwissenschaftler*Innen und Ingenieur*Innen.
QI-FoKuS stands for „Quality Infrastructure – Research for Conformity Assessment and Safety“. Supported by the BMWi, a new recurring survey of companies was launched under this name in end-September 2019 in a joint project between the TU Berlin and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). The first company survey deals with the use and certification of management systems with a special focus on information security and the criteria for the selection of certification bodies.
Digital transformation and especially the dramatic rise of products and services connected to the Internet of Things raise the questions on how to deal with the increasing risks related to Privacy and Cybersecurity. Presumably, these risks seem to be insufficiently reflected in the European Union’s current regulative system – by being neither part of the traditional definition of a safe product nor part of product-specific vertical or horizontal directives. Certification based on standards as underlying requirements has been identified by policymakers as an instrument to address this issue. The latest European draft regulation aims at increasing security and trust in ICT products and services, and reducing current European market fragmentation with a new Cybersecurity Certification Framework. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stakeholder statements on the current proposal on the Cybersecurity Act, this paper discusses elements of the proposed Cybersecurity Certification Framework. As a theoretical background, this paper provides definitions of the terms Safety, IT-security, and Cybersecurity, presents selected Cybersecurity-related standards and provides an outlook on future challenges to Conformity Assessment in the digital transformation.
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, which are a key part of the Quality Infrastructure and constitute central pillars for trade, health and the innovation system, are also affected by the associated disruptions. However, their services matter more than ever.
We present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand to highlight and compare economic impacts, the resilience of this industry as well as issues of digitalization.
The presentation summarizes the economic research activities at Department S concerning Quality Infrastructure. It introduces the new tool "QI-FoKuS" - an annual company survey in Germany, seeking to provide data on conformity assessment and accreditation in Germany. The first company survey deals with the use and certification of management systems with a special focus on information security and the criteria for the selection of certification bodies.
Global Status and Trends in Digital Transformation and Conformity Assessment – The Case of Germany
(2022)
This presentation summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) in Germany conducted in 2022, as well as some first insights from Latin American countries. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends.
The study on CABs is part of a global project that covers various countries (see www.qi-fokus.de).
This presentation summarizes major findings from an international study in 16 countries and regions on digital transformation in conformity assessment bodies such as testing and calibration laboratories or certification and inspection bodies. It draws from survey data of 1.476 participants and specifically highlights findings on the digital maturity of the organizations, providing an international comparison.