Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (3)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (1)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
- Posterpräsentation (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (8)
Schlagworte
- Organic peroxides (8) (entfernen)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (3)
Organic peroxide and self-reactive are classified into seven types according to their hazards. In order to determine the substance type, it is necessary to determine the properties based on test methods. The types range from type A, which is not accepted for transport in the packing in which it is tested, to type G, which is exempted from the provisions for organic peroxides or self-reactive substances.
Predictive Methods for Determining the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Hazardous Substances
(2019)
Due to the fast development and availability of computers, predictive approaches are increasingly used in the evaluation process of hazardous substances complementary to experiments. Their use was recommended as alternative to experimental testing by the REACH regulation to complete the lack of knowledge on properties for existing substances that must be registered before 2018 (upon quantities). Among the proposed predictive approaches, Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPR) are powerful methods to predict macroscopic properties from the only molecular structure of substances. In that context, the HAZPRED project (2015-2018, founded by the SAF€RA consortium) aims to develop theoretical models (e.g. QSPR) and small-scale tests to predict complex physico-chemical properties (e.g. thermal stability, explosivity) of hazardous substances to complete the lack of knowledge on these hazardous substances quickly or to understand their decomposition behaviour better. In particular, this contribution will present the work done in this project on the physical hazards of organic peroxides and self-reactive substances: gathering of existing experimental data, new experimental campaigns, review of existing models and proposition of new estimation methods.
Predictive Methods for Determining the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Hazardous Substances
(2019)
Due to the fast development and availability of computers, predictive approaches are increasingly used in the evaluation process of hazardous substances complementary to experiments. Their use was recommended as alternative to experimental testing by the REACH regulation to complete the lack of knowledge on properties for existing substances that must be registered before 2018 (upon quantities). Among the proposed predictive approaches, Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPR) are powerful methods to predict macroscopic properties from the only molecular structure of substances.
In that context, the HAZPRED project (2015-2018, founded by the SAF€RA consortium) aims to develop theoretical models (e.g. QSPR) and small-scale tests to predict complex physico-chemical properties (e.g. thermal stability, explosivity) of hazardous substances to complete the lack of knowledge on these hazardous substances quickly or to understand their decomposition behaviour better.
In particular, this contribution will present the work done in this project on the physical hazards of organic peroxides and self-reactive substances: gathering of existing experimental data, new experimental campaigns, review of existing models and proposition of new estimation methods.
Predecitive methods for determining the thermal decomposition properties of hazardous substances
(2017)
For substance classes like organic peroxides and self-reactive substances a model should be developed to predict thermal decomposition properties like the Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT). The applied Quantative Structur-Property Relationship (QSPR) model correlates the molecular structur with the properties of the substances, whereby a consolidated database is a precondition for a reliable model and finally for the prediction.
Fire and explosion hazards associated with storage and transportation of flammable materials have been a matter of great interest in the recent times. There are numerous studies on pool fires, BLEVEs and fireballs of hydrocarbon fuels, whereas BLEVEs and fireballs of organic peroxides (OP) are not investigated in detail yet. Fireball is a scenario that can occur when an OP filled drum is subjected to a surrounding fire. This presentation tries to extend the first investigations of OP BLEVEs presented on IGUS EOS Meeting 2015 in Ottawa. The following aspects are shown: Experimental investigation of a fired drum filled with 200 L DTBP; analyses of flame characteristics, e.g. temperatures, mass burning rates, SEP, thermal radiation properties and an overall comparison with DTBP pool fires; presentation of recommended safety distances.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Herstellung und Charakterisierung der ers-ten Antikörper gegen Triacetontriperoxid (TATP), einem hoch empfindlichen und unkonventionellen (nicht-kommerziellen) Initialsprengstoff. Entscheidend dafür war die Synthese eines TATP-imitierenden Haptens, welches die typische nona-gonale Struktur des TATP mit seinen drei Peroxid- und sechs Methylgruppen nahezu perfekt nachbildet, aber den Vorzug einer zusätzlichen Carboxygruppe zur kovalenten Kopplung an Proteine aufweist. Dadurch konnte das TATP-Hapten an Rinderserumalbumin (BSA) gebunden werden, um ein immunogenes Konjugat zu erzeugen, welches die erfolgreiche Immunisierung zweier Säuge-tierarten, Maus und Kaninchen, ermöglichte.
Der Verlauf der In-vivo-Immunisierungen wurde durch die Analyse der Tier-seren in regelmäßigen Abständen mittels enzymgekoppeltem Immunoassay (ELISA) verfolgt. Die polyklonalen Antikörper beider Spezies waren ungewöhnlich selektiv gegenüber TATP. Jedoch unterschied sich die Affinität der Antikörper der zwei Spezies um das 5 000-fache, wobei die Kaninchenseren den Mausseren überlegen waren. Entsprechend war auch die mit Kaninchenserum erreichbare TATP-Nachweisgrenze von 0.01 μg L-1 deutlich besser im Vergleich zu 50 μg L-1, die mit Mausserum erzielt wurden. Der Messbereich des TATP-ELISA mit Kanin-chenserum deckte zudem mehr als vier Zehnerpotenzen ab, wie mittels Präzisi-onsprofil bestimmt wurde.
Die erhaltenen TATP-Antikörper aus Kaninchen stehen damit Anwendungen in Nachweissystemen für die sehr empfindliche Detektion von TATP zur Verfügung, die u. a. in sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen zum Einsatz kommen könnten. Als erste Anwendung wurde ein TATP-ELISA realisiert, der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ausführlich optimiert wurde. Außerdem wurden erste Schritte zur Entwicklung eines TATP-Schnelltests (LFA) unternommen. Weitere Biosensoren auf Grundla-ge der neu entwickelten TATP-Antikörper sind denkbar.
IGUS is the International Group of Experts on the Explosion Risks of Unstable Substances. IGUS was established in 1962 with the objective to harmonize test methods used by different countries to identify and quantify the explosive properties of unstable materials. Over the years, IGUS has continued to offer scientists, who are advisers to their governments, and others, a forum to exchange data and information. The Energetic and Oxidizing Substances (EOS) working group as a sub-group of IGUS is dealing with test methods, Classification and safety aspects relating to organic peroxides, self-reactive substances and other energetic substances, fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and oxidizers.
The EOS working group holds an annual meeting alternating between Europe, the United States and Japan. The 2011 meeting took place from the 27th to the 29th of April 2011 at the Madison Hotel in Washington, D. C. The meeting was hosted by the Organic Peroxide Producers Safety Division (OPPSD) of the Society of Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI). This was the fourth EOS meeting held in the USA since 1994. Of particular importance is the fact that 39 colleagues from authorities, universities, research institutes and industries attended the meeting. The delegates came from USA, Canada, China, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and Germany. This confirms the breadth and scope of this forum and the value the participants associate with being able to contact other colleagues from around the world enabling the effective exchange of scientific results and discussion on the wide-ranging Problems concerning energetic and oxidizing materials.
Most of the measurements of temperatures in large pool fires are indirect and present a number of complexities due to the interactions of convection, radiation and soot blockage. In the present work these influences for two organic peroxide [tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) and tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (TBPEH)] pool fires are analysed.
Thermocouple measured temperature in the clear flame zone i.e. combustion zone are found to be 250-400 K lower than from the thermographic measurements. The convective and radiative heat flux contributions from the fire on temperature measurements are discussed. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations have been performed for large pool fires and the predicted time averaged flame temperatures were found to be in qualitative agreement with
measurements due to the stoichiometric combustion model used in the present simulations.