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Welded plate girders are used in heavy steel construction, industrial buildings and bride construction. Residual stresses are present in all plate structures. They are mainly caused by welding. In addition, they influence the load bearing capacity of these welded components. However, Eurocode (EC) does not provide any specific residual stress patterns for consideration of residual stress impact on load capacity. Hence, the decision for a particular problem has to be made by the designer. Many codes, including EC 3, permit the use of non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) for the design of structures. This contribution gives an overview on recent research topics: modeling, experimental measuring and evaluation of residual stresses as well as welding simulation tools and simplified methodologies for assessment of weld residual stresses.
This article addresses the imperfections in high-strength steel I-shape sections caused by weld assembly. Load influencing imperfections are assumed mainly as deviations from the ideal shape (e.g. bending distortion) and longitudinal residual stresses. The quality of a numerically aided design of components exposed to either compression and/or bending is significantly dependent on those parameters. In this scope, major gaps in knowledge are still present. Eurocode (EC) is providing robust simplified models that date back to the 1960's and 70's. As a result, the ultimate limit state (ULS) is approached on a quite conservative basis. The investigations are presented in this article are aimed to give further guidance on these values in component-like specimens in the context of Eurocode.