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Advanced analysis of flame retarded epoxy resin/melamine poly(metal phosphate)/synergist systems
(2017)
Synergistic multicomponent systems containing melamine poly(metal phosphate) have been proposed as flame retardants. The potential synergists: aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi), boehmite (AlO(OH)) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) were compared in flame retardant epoxy resin (EP)/melamine poly(magnesium phosphate) (MMgP) and EP/melamine poly(zinc phosphate) (MZnP). A multi-methodical approach was used to investigate the pyrolysis, fire residues, flame retardant modes of action, and synergistic effects. The decomposition and the fuel released into the gas phase were investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). A detailed analysis of the condensed phase was done by FTIR and comprehensive solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The fire behaviour was investigated by the cone calorimeter and the morphology of the fire residues with micro-computed tomography (µCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best performance is observed for EP/MMgP/MPP and EP/MZnP/MPP based on a synergistic effect between the flame retardants. Particular the formation of a highly voluminous fire residue plays a major role and is stabilized by the interaction between the flame retardants. As a result highly effective protection layer was formed which led to the interesting results.
Synergistic multicomponent systems containing melamine poly(metal phosphate)s have been recently proposed as flame retardants. This work focuses on the decomposition pathways, molecular mechanisms and morphology of the fire residues of epoxy resin (EP) flame retarded with melamine poly(zinc phosphate) (MPZnP) to explain the modes of action and synergistic effects with selected synergists (melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and AlO(OH), respectively). The total load of flame retardants was always 20 wt.%. The decomposition pathways were investigated in detail via thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fire residues were investigated via elemental analysis und solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The morphology of intumescent fire residues was investigated via micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy.
EP + (MPZnP + MPP) formed a highly voluminous residue that showed structural features of both EP + MPZnP and EP + MPP, resulting in a highly effective protection layer. EP + (MPZnP + AlO(OH)) preserved the entire quantity of phosphorus content during combustion due to the Formation of Zn₂P₂O₇ and AlPO₄.