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- Bus interior material (1) (entfernen)
In a bus depot fire in Germany 69 buses were destroyed in 2011. The fire started in one bus. Investigations after the fire showed that most likely a technical defect was the cause of the fire. The fire spread very rapidly to the other buses. The bus depot was in a building, which was also completely destroyed. In recent years several fires occurred in bus depots in Germany. All these fires showed the same rapid fire development, though the 2011 fire was the most severe with a property loss of about 22 million Euro. Operation interruption also is a key issue after these fires. The fire development and fire spread was investigated numerically after the fire with FDS 5 (NIST). The predicted fire spread was in good agreement with the timeline, which could be reconstructed after the fire: a video was made by a monitored location nearby.
Reasons for the rapid fire development and spread were investigated as well as fire safety measures in the building as smoke and heat Ventilation. Extensive experimental investigations of bus materials showed that these materials have poor fire performance compared with materials of other transport vehicles, e.g. trains. The poor fire performance of the bus materials affect directly the fire and smoke development in bus fires. As well as the real cases as the numerical calculations show that is nearly impossible to save the building or other buses in a building, which is used as a bus depot if one bus is already fully in fire. Often the bus fires Start in the engine compartment. Onboard suppression Systems can significantly reduce the hazard of these fires. Different fire safety measures are discussed and recommendations are derived from the investigations to reduce the hazard of bus depot fires.