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This paper is intended to be the first study to discuss the fire suppressing performance of the four most common extinguishing media under the same reproducible conditions. The tests were performed in bench-scale and used standardized 5A wood cribs as well as a miniature extinguishing system with a liquid flow rate of 1.4 lmin−1. The tests results present a consistent overview of the fire suppression efficacies of water, water with a foaming agent, nozzle-aspirated foam and compressed air foam. Depending on their jet types, the cooling capabilities of the extinguishing media water and water with a foaming agent were compared to the cooling capability of a full Jet of wet, general and dry foams. The results show that compressed air foam suppressed fire most effectively under the test conditions. Because of the convoluted crib structure, water and water with foaming agents used from a distance are more effective in the form of a full jet rather than a spraying jet. At close range, spraying jets multiply their effectiveness. A slight difference can be observed in the cooling performance of extinguishing foams that use foaming agents from different manufacturers. The paper establishes a link between the foaming agent's cooling capability and its wetting power by relating the results of wood crib fire tests according to DIN EN 3–7 and findings from laboratory immersion tests compliant with DIN EN 1772.
This study evaluates the efficacy of compressed air foam (CAF) in comparison to common fire extinguishing media. Newly developed mixed-material burning cribs were used as a normative fire load for extinguishing tests to accurately represent the significantly elevated utilization of synthetic materials in everyday life. A series of outdoor experiments was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing medium CAF using synthetical class-A foaming agents from two different manufacturers, and compared them to water and waterfoam solution as a function of the extinguishing distance. In a second series, performed inside a fire room, the efficiency of CAF-usage in indoor fires was evaluated. Moreover, the results of the indoor test series provided information about the composition of smoke gases based on the kind of extinguishing tactic used to suppress the fire. The results showed that under the tested conditions CAF suppressed fire more effectively than both water and water with foaming agents. CAF was able to wet areas hardly accessible to other extinguishing media, and due to its various simultaneously occurring effects and its compact jet with high kinetic energy, it cooled down temperatures more efficiently than water or water-foam solution.