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In order to reduce experimental effort, tribological tests are performed for coating selection, simulating the friction, wear and scuffing behaviour between the piston ring and cylinder liner, as well as lubricant evaluation. The creation of test standards in piston ring/cylinder liner simulation is discussed. PVD coatings, HVOF coatings and nitriding treatments have been applied to piston rings as alternative for chromium coatings. CrN/TiN coating seems very effective for increasing the wear and scuffing resistance. Biodegradable engine oils based on esters and polyglycols reduce friction and exceed the wear resistance of reference engine oils based on hydrocarbons for the new generation engines with high cylinder pressures.