Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (367) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (367) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (22)
- ICP-MS (21)
- Mass spectrometry (18)
- Nanoparticle (17)
- Laser ablation (16)
- Quality assurance (13)
- BAMline (10)
- Imaging (10)
- Quantum yield (10)
- Synchrotron (10)
- Cancer (9)
- Mycotoxins (9)
- Traceability (9)
- Calibration (8)
- Cell (8)
- Luminescence (8)
- MALDI-TOF MS (8)
- Mass-Spectrometry (8)
- Metrology (8)
- Reference material (8)
- Lifetime (7)
- Mechanochemistry (7)
- Microplastics (7)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (7)
- Immunoassay (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- Nano (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- Analytical Chemistry (5)
- Dye (5)
- Electrochemistry (5)
- Energy transfer (5)
- Food (5)
- LA-ICP-MS (5)
- LC-MS/MS (5)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (5)
- Mass Spectrometry (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- PFAS (5)
- Particle (5)
- Polylactide (5)
- Reproducibility (5)
- Spectroscopy (5)
- Synthesis (5)
- Transformation products (5)
- Uncertainty (5)
- XRF (5)
- Automation (4)
- CCQM (4)
- Copper (4)
- Food analysis (4)
- HRMS (4)
- Human serum (4)
- Immunohistochemistry (4)
- In situ (4)
- Industry 4.0 (4)
- Interlaboratory comparison (4)
- Isotope dilution (4)
- LIBS (4)
- Nanoparticles (4)
- Sulfur (4)
- Tumor metabolism (4)
- XRD (4)
- Absolute isotope ratio (3)
- Acoustic levitation (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Bioconjugation (3)
- Bioimaging (3)
- Brain (3)
- CONSENS (3)
- CRM (3)
- Cement (3)
- ELISA (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Fatty acid metabolism (3)
- GDMS (3)
- Gadolinium (3)
- Gas chromatography (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HR-CS-MAS (3)
- Lanthanide (3)
- Lipidomic profile (3)
- MC-ICP-MS (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Measurement uncertainty (3)
- Metabolic stress (3)
- Method (3)
- Modular Production (3)
- Mycotoxin (3)
- Nanomaterials (3)
- Probe (3)
- Process Analytical Technology (3)
- Purity assessment (3)
- Quality control (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Soil (3)
- AAS (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Amino acid analysis (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Amplification (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Array (2)
- Artificial neural networks (2)
- BODIPY (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biosensing (2)
- CXC (2)
- Cells (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Chlorine (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Cocoa (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Conjugate (2)
- Core-shell particles (2)
- Crystalinity (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- Cyclization (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta value (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Diagnostics (2)
- Diatoms (2)
- Diclofenac (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Environmental speciation (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Extracellular matrix (2)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (2)
- Fluorine (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- General Materials Science (2)
- Graphite furnace (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- Hydrolysis (2)
- ILC (2)
- Iron (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (2)
- Isotope ratio (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- Isotopic fractionation (2)
- Li-ion battery (2)
- Lipidomics (2)
- Liquid chromatography (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Lithium (2)
- MALDI (2)
- MALDI TOF MS (2)
- MRI (2)
- MYCN (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Metals (2)
- Method development (2)
- Mobile phase (2)
- Molar mass (2)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- Multimodal (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrotyrosine (2)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Oxygen sensor (2)
- Peptide analysis (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Permethrin (2)
- Pesticide (2)
- Phenylalanine (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Plasma modeling (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Purity (2)
- Quantification (2)
- Quantitative protein analysis (2)
- R package (2)
- Raman (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- SAXS (2)
- SBA-15 (2)
- SERS (2)
- SI (2)
- SI traceability (2)
- Screening (2)
- Single particle ICP-MS (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Surface water (2)
- TGA-FTIR (2)
- Tire wear (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Tyrosine (2)
- VOC (2)
- Validation (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Wastewater (2)
- Water (2)
- XANES (2)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 2-propanol oxidation (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 3D ultrastructural analysis (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 5-Bromouracil (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- A4F (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AFM (1)
- AG nanoparticle (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- AU nanoparticle (1)
- Absorption spectrometry (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Aeroacoustics (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Aflatoxins (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (1)
- Airport (1)
- Akaike information criterion picker (1)
- AlCl (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcohol electrooxidation (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Ambient pressure laser ionization (1)
- Amyloid (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Anilinopyridine (1)
- Anion receptors (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody antigen complex (1)
- Antibody conjugates (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody quality (1)
- Antibody quantification (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling biocides (1)
- Antikensammlung Berlin (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- App (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automated system (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Avogadro constant (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BERM (1)
- BLE Bluetooth low energy (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Barium (1)
- Basic solvent (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bbeverages (1)
- Bead injection spectroscopy (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binding strength (1)
- Bio-interaction (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioapatite (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biogenic carbonates (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biological boron recycling (1)
- Biopolymers Probes (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Bismuth (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Bisphenol-A (1)
- Block copolymer (1)
- Blood-brain barrier (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Bone matrix (1)
- Boron isotope (1)
- Boron isotope fractionation (1)
- Boron isotopic composition (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicate glass (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Breath (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- CCQM key comparison (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRP (1)
- CT simulation (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcification (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium monofluoride (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (1)
- Carbodiimide crosslinking (1)
- Carboxyl group (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier gas hot extraction (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Cathode material (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- CdSe/ZnS quantum Dots (1)
- Cellular trafficking (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Central Taurus (1)
- Certification (1)
- Charge Transfer (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemical sensors (1)
- Chemical transformation (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chenopodium album (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clone M2 (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Cobalt deposition (1)
- Coded Aperture (1)
- Colorimetric Test (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Competitive immunoassay (1)
- Complementary MS (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- Construction (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Coulometric sensors (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- Coupling reactions (1)
- Cr(III) (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cyanide (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyber-physical systems (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic remodeling (1)
- D-glucose (1)
- D2XRF (1)
- DC-Arc (1)
- DEA (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Debromination (1)
- Debye-Waller parameter (1)
- Delta scale (1)
- Dendrite growth (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Depht profiling (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Deuterium enriched water (1)
- Diagenesis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digitale Transformation (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Dimerization (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Direct alcohol fuel cells (1)
- Direct metal assay (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissociation constant (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Dityrosine (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Dried fig (1)
- Droplets (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug transporters (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EC/LC/MS (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EPMA (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESEM (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ETV (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Ecotoxicological Testing (1)
- Ecotoxicology testing (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Electrochemical Reactor (1)
- Electrochemical energy conversion (1)
- Electrochemical oxidation (1)
- Electrochemical real-time mass spectrometry (1)
- Electrochemistry mass spectrometry (1)
- Electromagnetic (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic nose (1)
- Electrospray (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Elemental analysis (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Elemental fingerprints (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emerging brominated flame retardant (1)
- Emerging contaminants (1)
- Emerging/novel brominated flame retardant (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (1)
- Energy storage (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental impacts (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental pollution monitoring (1)
- Equilibrium constant (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Ethyl glucuronide (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Experimental design (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FLAG peptide (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fast flow GD (1)
- Fast single pulse response (1)
- Fatty acid desaturation (1)
- Fatty acid synthesis (1)
- Fatty acid uptake (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fe nanoparticles metabolism (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Festphasenextraktion (1)
- Filter crucible (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Flow Chemistry (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Fluidics (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescence sensing (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Fluxomics (1)
- Folic acid (1)
- Food Analysis (1)
- Food contaminants (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Formulation additives (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fragmentation activation (1)
- Fundamentals (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GD-MS (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GMAW (1)
- Gadofosveset (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gated hybrid material (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geochemistry and Petrology (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Geophysics (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Germanium sulfide (1)
- Gerätekommunikation (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Github (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glycosaminoglycan (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Graphit (1)
- Greek curse tablets (1)
- Group profile (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HLA (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPLC-ICP-MS (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLC–MS (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HT22 (1)
- HTS (1)
- Harsh environment (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- HeLa (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heavy crude oil (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- Hierarchical cluster analysis (1)
- High pH (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High purity (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-purity elements (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution synchrotron XRF (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Histology (1)
- Hormone (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Hot electrons (1)
- Hot-pressing (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hybridoma (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrolysis products (1)
- Hydrolytic resistance (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydroxylation (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- IC50 (1)
- ICP MS (1)
- ICP-AES (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- ICP-TOF-MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- IDMS (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Iinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunocapture (1)
- Immunofluorescence (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Implant material (1)
- Impurites (1)
- Impurity assessment (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ measurement (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vivo imaging (1)
- Indirect Hard Modeling (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Industry 4.0, (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Ink analysis (1)
- Inlet ionization (1)
- Inline NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrument Communication (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Integrated Processes (1)
- Interlaboratory key comparison (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionization (1)
- Ionmobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron Complex (1)
- Iron disorders (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope fractionation (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic dilution (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Kidney (1)
- Kilogram (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Konjugate (1)
- L-alanine (1)
- LA-(MC-)ICP-MS (1)
- LA-ICP-SFMS (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- Lab of the Future (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Lab-on-a-chip (1)
- Labeling (1)
- Labor der Zukunft (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Lactate (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Lapis lazuli (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (1)
- Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP-MSI) (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser beam welding (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) (1)
- Lateral flow assay (1)
- Lateral flow test (1)
- Lead ions (1)
- Lead isotope composition (1)
- Lead isotopes (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- Library (1)
- Ligand design (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Limit of detection (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Low energy electrons (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Luminescence lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI Imaging MS (1)
- MALDI-ToF-MS (1)
- MAS NMR spectroscopy (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCC (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MOF (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MS/MS (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macrophagen (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnesium isotope ratios (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetically stabilized (1)
- Maia detector (1)
- Maillard reaction (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass cytometry (1)
- Mass-spectrometry (1)
- Material Science (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Matrices (1)
- Matrix independent calibration (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) (1)
- Matrixeffekte (1)
- Measuremment uncertainty (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Melanoidin (1)
- Melanoidine (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Messunsicherheit (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metal nanoclusters (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Micro-Hydrocyclone (1)
- Micro-XRF (1)
- Micro-sublimation (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbial proteomics (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Microfluidic Chip (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplastics analytic (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikroplastik Massegehalt (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Missing wedge (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile analysis (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Model (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Moisture measurements (1)
- Mole (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular analysis (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular emission (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular imprinting (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Moxidectin (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Mycotoxin Analysis (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- NIR (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR emitter (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NIR-II (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter (1)
- Nanoplatelet (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Network (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitration (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-metal analysis (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Nondestructive testing (1)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (1)
- Nontarget analysis (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- OECD (1)
- Oberflächenwasser (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open science (1)
- Optical detection (1)
- Optical emission spectroscopy (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Ore provenance (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Outdoor odor emissions (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- P-aminothiophenol (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PEG (1)
- PGAA (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PIXE (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- PXRD (1)
- Papyrus (1)
- Partial Least Squares Regression (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide library screening (1)
- Peptide losses (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Peristaltic pumps (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Ph (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Pharmazeutika (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonate esters (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodynamische Inaktivierung (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photosensibilisator (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Phthalocyanin (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Pigment analyses (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Plant tissue (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plasma induced luminescence (1)
- Plasmaspectrochemistry (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Point of inflection (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollen grains (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyethylenimine (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer membrane (1)
- Polymer particle (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Priam's treasure (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Probenvorbereitung (1)
- Process Industry (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Production (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein analysis (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein imaging (1)
- Protein nitration (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenance studies (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Pt-based drugs (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Pulsed-GD-SFMS (1)
- Pulverization (1)
- Pyrethroid (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- QC (1)
- Quality Assurance (1)
- Quality Control (1)
- Qualitätskontrolle (1)
- Quantitative bioimaging (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantum dots (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RBD (1)
- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator (1)
- RXES (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Rational design (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Reference (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference measurements (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Region of interest (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable Energy (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Revision of the SI (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- River (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Round robin exercise (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SC-ICP-MS (1)
- SDHI-fungicide (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SI-traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPM (1)
- SPR (1)
- Safety (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sample treatment (1)
- Sample-sample bracketing (1)
- Sampling (1)
- Sampling techniques (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Secondary alcohols (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self-assembly (1)
- Self-healing (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Sensor network (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sequence coverage (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sers (1)
- Serum (1)
- Sewage sludge (1)
- Sewage treatment plant (1)
- Signal enhancement (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single cell-ICP-MS (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Slags (1)
- Smart Sensors (1)
- Smart sensors (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smartphone readout device (1)
- Society of hair testing (1)
- Soda-lime glass (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil available boron (1)
- Soils (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid state NMR (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Special issue, young analytical scientists (1)
- Speciation analysis (1)
- Species-unspecific on-line isotope dilution (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Speroid (1)
- Spheroid (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Spinel (1)
- Sputtering (1)
- Sr and Nd isotope analysis (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stakeholders (1)
- Standards (1)
- Static Mixing (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Steel (1)
- Strain identification (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural Health Monitoring (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Sustainable Food Safety (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synthetic peptides (1)
- TD-GC-MS (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Tag (1)
- Tandem MS (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Target (1)
- Tattoo inks (1)
- Tau (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Tesserae (1)
- Test midpoint (1)
- Test strips (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- The MOUSE (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal conductivity device (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermoplastic (1)
- Thin tissue sections (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Tire Wear (1)
- Tire particles (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Tissue soldering (1)
- Titanium hydride (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element content (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Toxic metals (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Trace humdity measurement (1)
- Transesterification (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformationsprodukte (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Trojan silver artefacts (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Two-phase system (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Bestrahlung (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Urban (1)
- Urine (1)
- VO (1)
- Vacuum ionization (1)
- Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium redox flow battery (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Viscosity (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Volatile marker (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volatiles (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- XAS (1)
- XRCD method (1)
- Xerogel (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc analysis (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- Zn (1)
- Zyklisierung (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- aRTist (1)
- battery aging mechanism (1)
- bell pepper (1)
- boron (1)
- current collector corrosion (1)
- delta value (1)
- depth profiles (1)
- ion optics (1)
- isotope fractionation (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- measurement uncertainty (1)
- metabolism (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- openBIS (1)
- p-Aminothiophenol (1)
- p-Nitrothiophenol (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pL-droplets (1)
- silicon (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (1)
- β-lactam (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (288)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (106)
- 6 Materialchemie (71)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (69)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (51)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (40)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (27)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (27)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (26)
- P Präsident (22)
Paper des Monats
- ja (7)
The mechanism of action of zirconium permanent modifiers on graphite surfaces was investigated in order to understand its influence on the analytical signal in atomic and molecular absorption spectrometry (AAS/MAS). For this, the molecule formation of CaF was studied, which is used for the indirect analytical determination of fluorine in high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). The kinetics of this reaction was established by monitoring its molecular spectrum at different atomisation temperatures. An Arrhenius plot showed a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to fluorine (n = 1). An intermediate state was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods: scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS), and Raman microspectroscopy. We propose here a mechanism, where ZrO2 acts as a heterogeneous catalyst: after a pyrolytic step, an intermediate state of ZrO(OCaF) is activated, and at higher temperatures, CaF(g) is released from the zirconium-coated graphite surface. No evidence of the formation of zirconium carbide was found. Consequently, as the CaF formation is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst, surface modifications with ZrO2 nanoparticles and ZrO xerogels were investigated in order to increase the surface area. Their influence was evaluated in the molecule formation of CaF, CaCl, CaBr, and CaI. Graphite furnace modification with zirconium oxide nanoparticles proves to be the best choice for fluorine analysis with a signal enhancement of more than eleven times with respect a non-coated graphite furnace. However, the influence of zirconium modifications in the analytical signals of Cl, and I is lower than the F signals or even negative in case of the Br. Understanding zirconium modifiers as heterogeneous catalysts offers a new perspective to AAS and MAS, and reveals the potential of surface analytical methods for development of improved permanent modifiers and graphite furnace coatings.
Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetic profile of novel direct acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients. Daclatasvir is primarily eliminated via the biliary route and sofosbuvir via the renal route; here we report the pharmacokinetic profile of combined treatment with these compounds in a prospective study of hepatitis C virus positive kidney transplant recipients (EudraCT: 2014-004551-32). In this study plasma samples of 16 HCV positive kidney transplant recipients receiving daclatasvir and sofosbuvir were collected at 4 time points at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 56, and 84 after start of treatment. Inclusion criteria were stable graft function and an estimated GFR (eGFR) > 30mL/min/1.73m. Daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007 (inactive metabolite of sofosbuvir) plasma concentrations were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. All patients showed a rapid virological response with HCV RNA below the detection limit 21 days after the start of therapy (medium time to viral clearance). No difference of the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of daclatsavir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007 was observed between patients with an eGFR below or ≥ 60mL/min. For GS-331007, no relevant changes of trough levels were observed over time. Mean GS-331007 trough levels were 339.5±174.9 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60mL/min and 404.3±226 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR < 60mL/min at day 7 (p=0.52). At day 84, GS-331007 trough levels were 357.8±200.8 ng/mL and 404.2±70.2 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min and in patients with an eGFR < 60 mL/min, respectively (p=0.51). The accumulation ratios of renally eliminated GS-331007 for AUC and Cmax did not significantly differ between the two eGFR groups at day 7. An impaired eGFR (30-60 mL/min) does not lead to a dose accumulation of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007. This study provides the rationale for future studies investigating the pharmacokinetic profile of sofosbuvir based HCV treatment in kidney transplant recipients with an eGFR < 30 mL/min.
Identifying the fate of agrochemicals is important to understand their potential risk for living organisms. We report here new photodegradation products (PPs) of the fungicide fluopyram. The PPs were produced by irradiating a fluopyram standard in 0.1% acetonitrile aqueous media by a 150-W medium pressure Hg-lamp that emits wavelengths between 200–280 nm. The structural elucidation of PPs was achieved by combining the retention time, isotopic pattern, targeted fragmentation, and accurate mass measurements using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high resolution-MS (HRMS). In addition to previously known PPs, seven new PPs of fluopyram were identified in this work: mainly dihydroxyl and hydroxylimide fluopyram as well as mono, di, and trihydroxyl lactam. Additionally, two PPs were found to be formed by rearrangement after the loss of H2C=CH2. Hence, the results of the work contribute to extending the current knowledge regarding the photoinduced fate of agrochemicals, and fluopyram in particular.
MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a widely used tool for the classification of biological samples. The complex chemical composition of pollen grains leads to highly specific, fingerprint-like mass spectra, with respect to the pollen species. Beyond the species-specific composition, the variances in pollen chemistry can be hierarchically structured, including the level of different populations, of environmental conditions or different genotypes. We demonstrate here the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS regarding the adaption of the chemical composition of three Poaceae (grass) pollen for different populations of parent plants by analyzing the mass spectra with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Thereby, variances in species, population and specific growth conditions of the plants were observed simultaneously. In particular, the chemical pattern revealed by the MALDI spectra enabled discrimination of the different populations of one species. Specifically, the role of environmental changes and their effect on the pollen chemistry of three different grass species is discussed. Analysis of the Group formation within the respective populations showed a varying influence of plant genotype on the classification, depending on the species, and permits conclusions regarding the respective rigidity or plasticity towards environmental changes.
A new dimer of the food-relevant mycotoxin zearalenone was isolated after electrochemical and chemical oxidation. The structure was determined as a 16-O-15'-biaryl ether-linked dimer based on spectroscopic analyses (1H- and 13C-NMR, COSY, HMBC, and HSQCAD) and high-Resolution mass spectrometry analysis (Q-TOF).
In this work, a study of electrochemical conversion was performed to elucidate different degradation pathways of the heterocyclic brominated flame retardants 1,3,5-Tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TDBP-TAZTO) and 2,4,6-Tris-(2,4,6-tribromo-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ). EC/MS was used to simulate the (bio)-transformation processes and to identify possible transformation products (TPs) which have never been reported before. For TDBP-TAZTO, six new TPs were observed after the electrochemical oxidation (applied potential of 0 to 1,800 mV vs. Pd/H2). In case of TTBP-TAZ, seven debromination products were generated with an applied potential of 0 to 2,200 mV vs. Pd/H2. The main degradation pathways confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry for both compounds were hydroxylation, debromination as well as dehydrobromination.
The occurrence of small particles consisting of organic polymers, so-called microplastic (MP), in aquatic Environments attracts increasing interest in both public and science. Recent sampling campaigns in surface Waters revealed substantial numbers of particles in the size range from a few micrometers to a few millimeters. In order to validate sample preparation, identification and quantification and to investigate the behavior of MP particles and potential toxic effects on organisms, defined MP model particles are needed. Many studies use spherical compounds that probably behave differently compared to irregularly shaped MP found in environmental samples.
However, preparation and handling of MP particles are challenging tasks and have been systematically investigated in the present study. Polystyrene (PS) as a commonly found polymer with a density slightly above that of water was selected as polymer type for milling and fractionation studies. A cryogenic ball mill proved to be practical and effective to produce particles in the size range from 1 to 200 μm. The yield of small particles increased with increasing pre-cooling and milling durations. Depending on the concentration and the size, PS particles do not completely disperse in water and particles partly creep vertically up along glass walls. Stabilized MP suspensions without use of surfactants that might harm organisms are needed for toxicological studies. The stabilization of PS particle suspensions with ozone treatment reduced the wall effect and increased the number of dispersed PS particles but increased the dissolved organic carbon concentration and changed the size Distribution of the particles.
Analysis of microplastic particles (MP) in environmental samples needs sophisticated techniques and is time intensive due to sample preparation and detection. An alternative to the most common (micro ) spectroscopic techniques, FTIR or Raman spectroscopy, are the thermoanalytical methods, where specific decomposition products can be analyzed as marker compounds for different kind of plastics types and mass contents. Thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS) allows the fast identification and quantification of MP in environmental samples without sample preparation. Whereas up to now only the analysis of thermoplastic polymers was realized, this is the first time that even the analysis of tire wear (TW) content in environmental samples is possible. Various marker compounds for TW were identified. They include characteristic decomposition products of elastomers, antioxidants and vulcanization agents. Advantages and drawbacks of these marker substances were evaluated. Environmental samples from street run off were exemplarily investigated and presented.
LA-ICP-MS is increasingly used for single cell analysis in two different detection modes using either the imaging mode with subcellular resolution or alternatively single spot analysis of cells with a larger laser spot size. This study compares the analytical figures of merit of both detection modes (signal to noise, precision, accuracy, throughput), as well as ease of operation and data evaluation. Adherent 3T3 fibroblast cells were stained with two metal dyes (mDOTA-Ho, Ir-DNA-intercalator) and several dozen cells were measured using both modes. We found a ten times higher throughput for single spot analysis, which has as well a straightforward data analysis, shortening the total analysis time further. The signal to noise ratio for single spot analysis was found to be slightly better compared to the signal to noise of pixels in imaging. The mean metal intensity per single cell differed by only 10% between both modes and obtained distributions were found to show no statistically significant differences. Using matrix matched calibration based on standards spotted onto nitrocellulose membrane, we achieved detection limits (10s) of 12 fg for Ir and 30 fg for Ho and quantified 57 +/-35 fg Ir and 1192 +/- 707 fg Ho per single cell.
Compared to a conventional ICP-MS measurement of a digest of about 60000 cells, 54% of Ir content and 358% Ho content was found using quantitative LA-ICP-MS. The difference might be a consequence of the two metal dyes binding to different structures of the cell and therefore might behave differently in sample preparation for conventional and LA-ICP-MS.
The characterization of a catalyst often occurs by averaging over large areas of the catalyst material. On the other hand, optical probing is easily achieved at a resolution at the micrometer scale, specifically in microspectroscopy. Here, using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping of larger areas with micrometer-sized spots that contain tens to hundreds of supported gold nanoparticles each, the photoinduced dimerization of p-aminothiophenol (PATP) to 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) was monitored. The mapping data reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of catalytic activity in the plasmon-catalyzed reaction in spite of a very homogeneous plasmonic enhancement of the optical signals in SERS. The results lead to the conclusion that only a fraction of the nanostructures may be responsible for a high catalytic activity. The high spot-to-spot variation in catalytic activity is also demonstrated for DMAB formation by the plasmon-catalyzed reduction from p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) and confirms that an improvement of the accuracy and reproducibility in the characterization of catalytic reactions can be achieved by microspectroscopic probing of many positions. Using SERS micromapping during the incubation of PATP, we demonstrate that the reaction occurs during the incubation process and is influenced by different parameters, leading to the conclusion of dimerization in a gold-catalyzed, nonphotochemical reaction as an alternative to the plasmon-catalyzed process. The results have implications for the future characterization of new catalyst materials as well as for optical sensing using plasmonic materials.
In this work, we describe a simple solvothermal route for the synthesis of Eu3+-doped gadolinium orthovanadate nanocrystals (Eu:GdVO4−PAA) functionalized with poly(acrylic)acid (PAA), that are applicable as cell labeling probes for multimodal cellular imaging. The Eu3+ doping of the vanadate matrix provides optical functionality, due to red photoluminescence after illumination with UV light. The Gd3+ ions of the nanocrystals reduce the T1 relaxation time of surrounding water protons, allowing these nanocrystals to act as a positive MRI contrast agent with a r1 relaxivity of 1.97 mM−1 s−1. Low background levels of Eu3+, Gd3+, and V5+ in biological systems make them an excellent label for elemental microscopy by Laser Ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. Synthesis resulted in polycrystalline nanocrystals with a hydrodynamic diameter of 55 nm and a crystal size of 36.7 nm, which were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The multifunctional nanocrystals were subsequently used for intracellular labeling of both human adipose-derived stem cells (MSCs) and A549 (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial) cells.
The equation of state for plasmas containing negative and positive ions of elements and molecules formed by these elements is modeled under the assumption that all ionization processes and chemical reactions are at local thermal equilibrium and the Coulomb interaction in the plasma is described by the Debye–Hückel theory. The hierarchy problem for constants of molecular reactions is resolved by using three different algorithms for high, medium, and low temperatures: the contraction principle, the Newton–Raphson method, and a scaled Newton–Raphson method, respectively. These algorithms are shown to have overlapping temperature ranges in which they are stable. The latter allows one to use the developed method for calculating the equation of state in combination with numerical solvers of Navier–Stokes equations to simulate laser-induced Plasmas initiated in an atmosphere and to study formation of molecules and their ions in such plasmas. The method is applicable to a general chemical network. It is illustrated with examples of Ca–Cl and C–Si–N laser-induced plasmas.
The synthesis, characterization, and application of mesoporous materials containing boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties that allow the sensitive and selective detection of HgII in aqueous environments by fluorescence enhancement is reported. For this purpose, BODIPY dye I containing a thia‐aza crown ether receptor as the fluorescent probe for the detection of HgII in aqueous environments is encapsulated into mesoporous materials to avoid self‐quenching or aggregation in water. Determination of HgII is accomplished within a few seconds with high selectivity and sensitivity, reaching a limit of detection of 12 ppt. The determination of trace amounts of HgII in natural waters and in fish extracts is demonstrated by using our sensing material. The incorporation of the material into several μ‐PAD strips yields a portable, cheap, quick, and easy‐to‐handle tool for trace HgII analysis in water.
Trace humidity was measured by using miniaturized planar coulometric sensors in technical gases such as hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, nitrous oxide, and synthetic air. Frost point temperatures tf in the gases ranged from −60 °C to −30 °C, which is equivalent to a vapour mole fraction xv from 10 μmol mol−1 to 376 μmol mol−1. In addition, the generated humidity was determined by using a precision dew point hygrometer as reference. Nonlinear calibration functions were calculated that correlated electric current (sensor signal) and reference humidity. Parameters of functions were tested with one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) to prove if all used sensors had a similar behavior in the same gas during experiments. Results of ANOVA confirmed that averaged functions can be applied for trace humidity measurement in nitrogen, helium, nitrous oxide, and synthetic air. The calculated functions were negligibly different for nitrogen, helium, and synthetic air. In humidified nitrous oxide, a minor change of parameters was observed due to lower electrical currents. In total contrast to that, the measured sensor signals were significantly higher in humidified hydrogen and each sensor required its own calibration function. The reason was a recombination effect that favoured multiple measurements of water molecules. Nevertheless, it was possible to measure continuously trace humidity in all tested gases by using coulometric sensors with an expanded uncertainty below 2 K (k = 2).
The synthesis, structure, reactivity,and photophysical properties of anovel acidic,luminescentchromium(III) complex [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+ (23+ +)bearing the tridentate H2tpda (2,6-bis(2-pyridylamino)pyridine) ligand are presented. Excitation of 23+ + at 442 nm results in strong, long-lived NIR luminescence at 782 nm in water and in acetonitrile. X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy revealhydrogen-bonding interactions of the counter ions to the NH groups of 23+ + in the solidstate. Deprotonation of the NH groups of 23+ + by using anon-nucleophilic Schwesinger base in CH3CN switches off the luminescence. Re-protonation by using HClO4 restores the emission. In water,the pKa value of 23+ + amountsto8 .8, yet deprotonation is not reversible in the presence of hydroxide ions. Dioxygen quenches the emission of 23+ +,but to aweaker extent than expected. This is possibly due to the strong ion-pairing properties of 23+ + even in solution, reducing the energy transfer efficiency to O2.Deuteration of the NH groups of 23+ + approximately doubles the quantum yield and lifetime in water,demonstrating the importance of multiphoton relaxation in these NIR emitters.
Quantification of metals in single cells by LA-ICP-MS comparison of single spot analysis and imaging
(2018)
LA-ICP-MS is increasingly used for single cell analysis in two different detection modes using either the imaging mode with subcellular resolution or alternatively single spot analysis of cells with a larger laser spot size. This study compares the analytical figures of merit of both detection modes (signal to noise, precision, accuracy, throughput), as well as ease of operation and data evaluation. Adherent 3T3 fibroblast cells were stained with two metal dyes (mDOTA-Ho, Ir-DNA-intercalator) and several dozen cells were measured using both modes. We found a ten times higher throughput for single spot analysis, which has as well a straightforward data analysis, shortening the total analysis time further. The signal to noise ratio for single spot analysis was found to be slightly better compared to the signal to noise of pixels in imaging. The mean metal intensity per single cell differed by only 10% between both modes and obtained distributions were found to show no statistically significant differences. Using matrix matched calibration based on standards spotted onto nitrocellulose membrane, we achieved detection limits (10 σ) of 12 fg for Ir and 30 fg for Ho and quantified 57 ± 35 fg Ir and 1,192 ± 707 fg Ho per single cell. Compared to a conventional ICP-MS measurement of a digest of ~60,000 cells, 54 % of Ir content and 358 % Ho content was found using quantitative LA-ICP-MS. The difference might be a consequence of the two metal dyes binding to different structures of the cell and therefore might behave differently in sample preparation for conventional and LA-ICP-MS.
Polyethylene (PE) frits were used to quantify sulphur in copper and its alloys by isotope dilution combined with LA-ICP-MS as an alternative approach to conventional sample preparation: the copper samples were spiked, the spiked samples were dissolved, the resulting solutions were absorbed in the PE frits and finally the PE frits were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. A prerequisite for such a support material is a low sulphur blank and thus PE was selected for this purpose. The absorption efficiency of the PE frits was studied for varying sulphur amounts ranging from 2 mg S to 80 mg S showing that more than 99.5% of the loaded sulphur was absorbed by the frit. The so prepared PE frits were measured by LA-ICP-MS and yielded a good linearity (R2 ¼ 0.999) for the sulphur ion intensities corresponding to sulphur amounts up to 40 mg S; the associated sensitivity is approximately 3.4 x 10⁴ cps μg⁻¹ for ³²S. For the validation of the developed procedure the reference materials BAM-M376a, BAM-228 and BAM-227 were applied such that 2 μg S, 5 μg S and 11 μg S were absorbed in the PE frits, respectively. These samples were pre-quantified for the adsorbed sulphur amount by external calibration LA-ICP-MS yielding sulphur amounts of 0.9 μg, 5.1 μg and 8.5 μg (quantified for ³²S only), respectively. Relative Standard deviations of the isotope ratios were below 5% in average (n ¼ 3 lines) in all cases (except for the pure spike solution). These samples were then analysed by LA-ICP-IDMS and the measurement results were validated by comparing them with the results obtained by conventional ICP-IDMS. The obtained relative expanded measurement uncertainties ranged between 10% and 26%. Pearson's coefficient was used to express the correlation between both techniques; the obtained value was 0.999 demonstrating a strong correlation. Contrary to most published LA-ICP-IDMS procedures, the developed procedure enables SI-traceability for the measurement results. The metrological traceability to the SI for the sulphur mass fractions in copper was established by an unbroken chain of comparisons, each accompanied by an uncertainty budget. Thus, the measurement results are considered reliable, acceptable and comparable within the stated measurement uncertainty. The metrological traceability chain from the kg down to mass fraction in the samples obtained by LA-ICP-IDMS is presented as well.
Amyloid fibrils are polymers formed by proteins under specific conditions and in many cases they are related to pathogenesis, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Their hallmark is the presence of a β-sheet structure. High resolution structural data on these systems as well as information gathered from multiple complementary analytical techniques is needed, from both a fundamental and a pharmaceutical perspective. Here, a previously reported de novo designed, pH-switchable coiled coil-based peptide that undergoes structural transitions resulting in fibril formation under physiological conditions has been exhaustively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Overall, a unique 2-dimensional carpet-like assembly composed of large coexisiting ribbon-like, tubular and funnel-like structures with a clearly resolved protofilament substructure is observed. Whereas electron microscopy and scattering data point somewhat more to a hairpin model of β-fibrils, ssNMR data obtained from samples with selectively labelled peptides are in agreement with both, hairpin structures and linear arrangements.
Hepcidin-25 was identified as the main iron regulator in the human body, and it by binds to the sole iron-exporter ferroportin. Studies showed that the N-terminus of hepcidin is responsible for this interaction, the same N-terminus that encompasses a small copper(II)-binding site known as the ATCUN (amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding) motif. Interestingly, this copper-binding property is largely ignored in most papers dealing with hepcidin-25. In this context, detailed investigations of the complex formed between hepcidin-25 and copper could reveal insight into its biological role. The present work focuses on metal-bound hepcidin-25 that can be considered the biologically active form. The first part is devoted to the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of copper-bound and copper-free hepcidin-25 achieved by applying basic mobile phases containing 0.1% ammonia. Further, mass spectrometry (tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry HRMS)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the copper-peptide. Lastly, a three-dimensional (3D)model of hepcidin-25with bound copper(II) is presented. The identification of metal complexes and potential isoforms and isomers, from which the latter usually are left undetected by mass spectrometry, led to the conclusion that complementary analytical methods are needed to characterize a peptide calibrant or reference material comprehensively. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and chiral amino acid analysis (AAA) should be considered among others.
The antimicrobial photodynamic approach has been demonstrated as an efficient and sustainable process for the eradication of microbial pathogens. In this work, silica-coated Magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were used as carriers of glycosylated porphyrins and phthalocyanines. Their subsequent cationization
resulted in the production of stable antimicrobial photosensitizing materials, effective against E. coli. Suspensions of the photocatalysts in water present bimodal size distributions formed by big clusters and small NPs with hydrodynamic diameters between 8 and 38 nm. The presence of small NPs in the suspensions is related to an effective photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of E. coli cells. Glycosylation of the PS showed a positive effect on the PDI performance, which could be related to a higher accumulation of the photocatalyst over the bacterial cell membrane. In addition, these biocidal agents proved to be photostable and their photoactive performance decreased only between 23% and 28% upon 5 PDI cycles, mostly because of the loss of material between cycles, which makes them promising materials for water disinfection purposes.