Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (367) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (367) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (22)
- ICP-MS (21)
- Mass spectrometry (18)
- Nanoparticle (17)
- Laser ablation (16)
- Quality assurance (13)
- BAMline (10)
- Imaging (10)
- Quantum yield (10)
- Synchrotron (10)
- Cancer (9)
- Mycotoxins (9)
- Traceability (9)
- Calibration (8)
- Cell (8)
- Luminescence (8)
- MALDI-TOF MS (8)
- Mass-Spectrometry (8)
- Metrology (8)
- Reference material (8)
- Lifetime (7)
- Mechanochemistry (7)
- Microplastics (7)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (7)
- Immunoassay (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- Nano (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- Analytical Chemistry (5)
- Dye (5)
- Electrochemistry (5)
- Energy transfer (5)
- Food (5)
- LA-ICP-MS (5)
- LC-MS/MS (5)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (5)
- Mass Spectrometry (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- PFAS (5)
- Particle (5)
- Polylactide (5)
- Reproducibility (5)
- Spectroscopy (5)
- Synthesis (5)
- Transformation products (5)
- Uncertainty (5)
- XRF (5)
- Automation (4)
- CCQM (4)
- Copper (4)
- Food analysis (4)
- HRMS (4)
- Human serum (4)
- Immunohistochemistry (4)
- In situ (4)
- Industry 4.0 (4)
- Interlaboratory comparison (4)
- Isotope dilution (4)
- LIBS (4)
- Nanoparticles (4)
- Sulfur (4)
- Tumor metabolism (4)
- XRD (4)
- Absolute isotope ratio (3)
- Acoustic levitation (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Bioconjugation (3)
- Bioimaging (3)
- Brain (3)
- CONSENS (3)
- CRM (3)
- Cement (3)
- ELISA (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Fatty acid metabolism (3)
- GDMS (3)
- Gadolinium (3)
- Gas chromatography (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HR-CS-MAS (3)
- Lanthanide (3)
- Lipidomic profile (3)
- MC-ICP-MS (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Measurement uncertainty (3)
- Metabolic stress (3)
- Method (3)
- Modular Production (3)
- Mycotoxin (3)
- Nanomaterials (3)
- Probe (3)
- Process Analytical Technology (3)
- Purity assessment (3)
- Quality control (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Soil (3)
- AAS (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Amino acid analysis (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Amplification (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Array (2)
- Artificial neural networks (2)
- BODIPY (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biosensing (2)
- CXC (2)
- Cells (2)
- Certified reference material (2)
- Chlorine (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Cocoa (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Conjugate (2)
- Core-shell particles (2)
- Crystalinity (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- Cyclization (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta value (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Diagnostics (2)
- Diatoms (2)
- Diclofenac (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Environmental speciation (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Extracellular matrix (2)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (2)
- Fluorine (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- General Materials Science (2)
- Graphite furnace (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- Hydrolysis (2)
- ILC (2)
- Iron (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (2)
- Isotope ratio (2)
- Isotope ratios (2)
- Isotopic fractionation (2)
- Li-ion battery (2)
- Lipidomics (2)
- Liquid chromatography (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Lithium (2)
- MALDI (2)
- MALDI TOF MS (2)
- MRI (2)
- MYCN (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Metals (2)
- Method development (2)
- Mobile phase (2)
- Molar mass (2)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- Multimodal (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrotyrosine (2)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Oxygen sensor (2)
- Peptide analysis (2)
- Peptide library (2)
- Permethrin (2)
- Pesticide (2)
- Phenylalanine (2)
- Photodegradation (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Plasma modeling (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Purity (2)
- Quantification (2)
- Quantitative protein analysis (2)
- R package (2)
- Raman (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- SAXS (2)
- SBA-15 (2)
- SERS (2)
- SI (2)
- SI traceability (2)
- Screening (2)
- Single particle ICP-MS (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Surface water (2)
- TGA-FTIR (2)
- Tire wear (2)
- Transformation product (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Tyrosine (2)
- VOC (2)
- Validation (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Wastewater (2)
- Water (2)
- XANES (2)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 2-propanol oxidation (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 3D ultrastructural analysis (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 5-Bromouracil (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- A4F (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABC (1)
- ABID (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AFM (1)
- AG nanoparticle (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- AU nanoparticle (1)
- Absorption spectrometry (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Aeroacoustics (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Aflatoxins (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (1)
- Airport (1)
- Akaike information criterion picker (1)
- AlCl (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcohol electrooxidation (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Ambient pressure laser ionization (1)
- Amyloid (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Anilinopyridine (1)
- Anion receptors (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody antigen complex (1)
- Antibody conjugates (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody quality (1)
- Antibody quantification (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling biocides (1)
- Antikensammlung Berlin (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- App (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automated system (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Avogadro constant (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BERM (1)
- BLE Bluetooth low energy (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Barium (1)
- Basic solvent (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bbeverages (1)
- Bead injection spectroscopy (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binding strength (1)
- Bio-interaction (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioapatite (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biogenic carbonates (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biological boron recycling (1)
- Biopolymers Probes (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Bismuth (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Bisphenol-A (1)
- Block copolymer (1)
- Blood-brain barrier (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Bone matrix (1)
- Boron isotope (1)
- Boron isotope fractionation (1)
- Boron isotopic composition (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicate glass (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Breath (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- CCQM key comparison (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRP (1)
- CT simulation (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcification (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium monofluoride (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (1)
- Carbodiimide crosslinking (1)
- Carboxyl group (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier gas hot extraction (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Cathode material (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- CdSe/ZnS quantum Dots (1)
- Cellular trafficking (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Central Taurus (1)
- Certification (1)
- Charge Transfer (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemical sensors (1)
- Chemical transformation (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chenopodium album (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Climate (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clone M2 (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Cobalt deposition (1)
- Coded Aperture (1)
- Colorimetric Test (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Competitive immunoassay (1)
- Complementary MS (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- Construction (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Coulometric sensors (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- Coupling reactions (1)
- Cr(III) (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cyanide (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyber-physical systems (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic remodeling (1)
- D-glucose (1)
- D2XRF (1)
- DC-Arc (1)
- DEA (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Debromination (1)
- Debye-Waller parameter (1)
- Delta scale (1)
- Dendrite growth (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Depht profiling (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Deuterium enriched water (1)
- Diagenesis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digitale Transformation (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Dimerization (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Direct alcohol fuel cells (1)
- Direct metal assay (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissociation constant (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Dityrosine (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Dried fig (1)
- Droplets (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug transporters (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EC/LC/MS (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EPMA (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESEM (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ETV (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Ecotoxicological Testing (1)
- Ecotoxicology testing (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Electrochemical Reactor (1)
- Electrochemical energy conversion (1)
- Electrochemical oxidation (1)
- Electrochemical real-time mass spectrometry (1)
- Electrochemistry mass spectrometry (1)
- Electromagnetic (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic nose (1)
- Electrospray (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Elemental analysis (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Elemental fingerprints (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emerging brominated flame retardant (1)
- Emerging contaminants (1)
- Emerging/novel brominated flame retardant (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (1)
- Energy storage (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental impacts (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental pollution monitoring (1)
- Equilibrium constant (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Ethyl glucuronide (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Experimental design (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FLAG peptide (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fast flow GD (1)
- Fast single pulse response (1)
- Fatty acid desaturation (1)
- Fatty acid synthesis (1)
- Fatty acid uptake (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fe nanoparticles metabolism (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Festphasenextraktion (1)
- Filter crucible (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Flow Chemistry (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Fluidics (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescence sensing (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Fluxomics (1)
- Folic acid (1)
- Food Analysis (1)
- Food contaminants (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Formulation additives (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fragmentation activation (1)
- Fundamentals (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GD-MS (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GMAW (1)
- Gadofosveset (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gated hybrid material (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geochemistry and Petrology (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Geophysics (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Germanium sulfide (1)
- Gerätekommunikation (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Github (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glycosaminoglycan (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Graphit (1)
- Greek curse tablets (1)
- Group profile (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HLA (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPLC-ICP-MS (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLC–MS (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HT22 (1)
- HTS (1)
- Harsh environment (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- HeLa (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heavy crude oil (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- Hierarchical cluster analysis (1)
- High pH (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High purity (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-purity elements (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution synchrotron XRF (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Histology (1)
- Hormone (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Hot electrons (1)
- Hot-pressing (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hybridoma (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrolysis products (1)
- Hydrolytic resistance (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydroxylation (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- IC50 (1)
- ICP MS (1)
- ICP-AES (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- ICP-TOF-MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- IDMS (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Iinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunocapture (1)
- Immunofluorescence (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Implant material (1)
- Impurites (1)
- Impurity assessment (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ measurement (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vivo imaging (1)
- Indirect Hard Modeling (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Industry 4.0, (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Ink analysis (1)
- Inlet ionization (1)
- Inline NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrument Communication (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Integrated Processes (1)
- Interlaboratory key comparison (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionization (1)
- Ionmobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron Complex (1)
- Iron disorders (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope fractionation (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic dilution (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Job plot (1)
- Kidney (1)
- Kilogram (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Konjugate (1)
- L-alanine (1)
- LA-(MC-)ICP-MS (1)
- LA-ICP-SFMS (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- Lab of the Future (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Lab-on-a-chip (1)
- Labeling (1)
- Labor der Zukunft (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Lactate (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Lapis lazuli (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Ablation (1)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (1)
- Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP-MSI) (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser beam welding (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced plasma (1)
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) (1)
- Lateral flow assay (1)
- Lateral flow test (1)
- Lead ions (1)
- Lead isotope composition (1)
- Lead isotopes (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- Library (1)
- Ligand design (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Limit of detection (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Low energy electrons (1)
- Low-energy electrons (1)
- Luminescence lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI Imaging MS (1)
- MALDI-ToF-MS (1)
- MAS NMR spectroscopy (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCC (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MOF (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MS/MS (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macrophagen (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnesium isotope ratios (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetically stabilized (1)
- Maia detector (1)
- Maillard reaction (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass cytometry (1)
- Mass-spectrometry (1)
- Material Science (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Matrices (1)
- Matrix independent calibration (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) (1)
- Matrixeffekte (1)
- Measuremment uncertainty (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Melanoidin (1)
- Melanoidine (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Messunsicherheit (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metal nanoclusters (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Micro-Hydrocyclone (1)
- Micro-XRF (1)
- Micro-sublimation (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbial proteomics (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Microfluidic Chip (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microfluids (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplastics analytic (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikroplastik Massegehalt (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Missing wedge (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile analysis (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Model (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Moisture measurements (1)
- Mole (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular analysis (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular emission (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular imprinting (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Moxidectin (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Mycotoxin Analysis (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- NIR (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR emitter (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NIR-II (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanoparticle characterization (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter (1)
- Nanoplatelet (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Network (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitration (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-metal analysis (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Nondestructive testing (1)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (1)
- Nontarget analysis (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- OECD (1)
- Oberflächenwasser (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open science (1)
- Optical detection (1)
- Optical emission spectroscopy (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Ore provenance (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Outdoor odor emissions (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- P-aminothiophenol (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PEG (1)
- PGAA (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PIXE (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- PXRD (1)
- Papyrus (1)
- Partial Least Squares Regression (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide library screening (1)
- Peptide losses (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Peristaltic pumps (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Ph (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Pharmazeutika (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonate esters (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodynamische Inaktivierung (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photosensibilisator (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Phthalocyanin (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Pigment analyses (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Plant tissue (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plasma induced luminescence (1)
- Plasmaspectrochemistry (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Point of inflection (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollen grains (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyethylenimine (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer membrane (1)
- Polymer particle (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Priam's treasure (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Probenvorbereitung (1)
- Process Industry (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Production (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein analysis (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein imaging (1)
- Protein nitration (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenance studies (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Pt-based drugs (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Pulsed-GD-SFMS (1)
- Pulverization (1)
- Pyrethroid (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- QC (1)
- Quality Assurance (1)
- Quality Control (1)
- Qualitätskontrolle (1)
- Quantitative bioimaging (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantum dots (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RBD (1)
- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator (1)
- RXES (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Rational design (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Reference (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference measurements (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Region of interest (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable Energy (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Revision of the SI (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- River (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Round robin exercise (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SC-ICP-MS (1)
- SDHI-fungicide (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SI-traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPM (1)
- SPR (1)
- Safety (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sample treatment (1)
- Sample-sample bracketing (1)
- Sampling (1)
- Sampling techniques (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Secondary alcohols (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self-assembly (1)
- Self-healing (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Sensor network (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sequence coverage (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sers (1)
- Serum (1)
- Sewage sludge (1)
- Sewage treatment plant (1)
- Signal enhancement (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon isotopes (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single cell-ICP-MS (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Slags (1)
- Smart Sensors (1)
- Smart sensors (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smartphone readout device (1)
- Society of hair testing (1)
- Soda-lime glass (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil available boron (1)
- Soils (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid state NMR (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Special issue, young analytical scientists (1)
- Speciation analysis (1)
- Species-unspecific on-line isotope dilution (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Speroid (1)
- Spheroid (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Spinel (1)
- Sputtering (1)
- Sr and Nd isotope analysis (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stakeholders (1)
- Standards (1)
- Static Mixing (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Steel (1)
- Strain identification (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural Health Monitoring (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Sustainable Food Safety (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synthetic peptides (1)
- TD-GC-MS (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Tag (1)
- Tandem MS (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Target (1)
- Tattoo inks (1)
- Tau (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Tesserae (1)
- Test midpoint (1)
- Test strips (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- The MOUSE (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal conductivity device (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermoplastic (1)
- Thin tissue sections (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Tire Wear (1)
- Tire particles (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Tissue soldering (1)
- Titanium hydride (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element content (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Toxic metals (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Trace humdity measurement (1)
- Transesterification (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformationsprodukte (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Trojan silver artefacts (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Two-phase system (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UV Bestrahlung (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Urban (1)
- Urine (1)
- VO (1)
- Vacuum ionization (1)
- Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium redox flow battery (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Viscosity (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Volatile marker (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volatiles (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- XAS (1)
- XRCD method (1)
- Xerogel (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc analysis (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- Zn (1)
- Zyklisierung (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- aRTist (1)
- battery aging mechanism (1)
- bell pepper (1)
- boron (1)
- current collector corrosion (1)
- delta value (1)
- depth profiles (1)
- ion optics (1)
- isotope fractionation (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- measurement uncertainty (1)
- metabolism (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- openBIS (1)
- p-Aminothiophenol (1)
- p-Nitrothiophenol (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pL-droplets (1)
- silicon (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (1)
- β-lactam (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (288)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (106)
- 6 Materialchemie (71)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (69)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (51)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (40)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (27)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (27)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (26)
- P Präsident (22)
Paper des Monats
- ja (7)
Rationale: (Eco-)toxicological effects are mostly derived empirically and are notcorrelated with metal uptake. Furthermore, if the metal content is determined,mostly bulk analysis of the whole organism population is conducted; thus, biologicalvariability is completely disregarded, and this may lead to misleading results. Toovercome this issue, we compared two different solid sampling techniques for theanalysis of single organisms.Methods: In this study, complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP-MS) , laser ablation/inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA/ICP-MS)-based methods for the analysisof individual organisms were developed and the results obtained were comparedwith the concentrations obtained after digestion and measured using ICP-MS.For this purpose, a common (eco-)toxicological test organism, the mud shrimpCorophium volutator, was selected. As proof-of-concept application, these organismswere incubated with environmentally relevant metals from galvanic anodes, whichare often used for protection against metal corrosion in, for example, offshorewind farms.Results: The bulk analysis revealed that large quantities of the incubated elementswere detectable. Using the ETV/ICP-MS method, we could identify a highbiovariability within the population of organisms tested. Using the LA/ICP-MSmethod, it could be determined that the large quantities of the elements detectedwere due to adsorption of the metals and not due to uptake, which correlates wellwith the absence of (eco-)toxicological effects.Conclusions: The results obtained imply the efficiency of complementary methods toexplain the absence or presence of (eco-)toxicological effects. In particular, methodsthat allow for single-organism analysis or provide even a spatial resolution supportthe interpretation of ecotoxicological findings.
Mixed copper and titanium hydride powder was hot-pressed and characterized by Carrier Gas Hot Extraction, XRay Diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis coupled with Mass Spectrometry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
The hot-pressed and five conventional samples were applied for calibration of hydrogen in Glow Discharge Optical Emission and Mass Spectrometry. Up to the introduction of 15 ng/s hydrogen the Emission yield model is useful in Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry. A correlation between saturation and even reversal of the emission yield of the spectral lines H121, H486 and H656 and low sputtering rates was found. Hydrogen effects exist for the spectral lines of Cu(II) 219 and Ti(I) 399. In Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry, a linear dependency of the 1H ion current on the sputtered mass per time exists over the total range of hydrogen content investigated. Hydrogen effects also exist for the sensitivity of 48Ti and 63Cu. The sputtering rate of two-phase materials depends linearly on the sputtered mass per time of one phase, which allows the sputtering rate of two-phase materials with known composition to be predicted.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of tau and amyloid-beta in the brain, and recent evidence suggests a correlation between associated protein aggregates and trace elements, such as copper, iron and zinc. In AD, distorted brain redox homeostasis and complexation by amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau May alter the isotopic composition of essential mineral elements. Therefore, high-precision isotopic analysis may reveal changes in the homeostasis of these elements. We used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based techniques to determine the total Cu, Fe and Zn contents in the brain, as well as their isotopic compositions in both mouse brain and serum.
Results for male transgenic tau (Line 66, L66) and amyloid/presenilin (5xFAD) mice were compared to those for the corresponding age- and gendermatched wild-type control mice (WT). Our data show that L66 brains showed significantly higher Fe levels than the corresponding WT. Significantly less Cu, but more Zn was found in 5xFAD brains. We observed significantly lighter isotopic compositions of Fe (enrichment in the lighter isotopes) in the brain, and in serum of L66 mice compared to WT. For 5xFAD mice, Zn exhibited a trend towards a lighter isotopic composition in brain and a heavier isotopic composition in serum compared to WT. Neither mouse model yielded differences in the isotopic composition of Cu. Our findings indicate significant pathology-specific alterations of Fe and Zn brain homeostasis in mouse models of AD. The associated changes in isotopic composition May serve as a marker for proteinopathies Underlying AD and other types of dementia.
In this investigation, two conventional peristaltic pumps are compared with a new pump based on the “easy click” principle using a simultaneous ICP-AES instrument with standard operating conditions. It is found that the figures of merit achieved are quite comparable for all three pumps. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) range between 0.2% and 1.8%, and limits of detection as low as 0.1 μg/L have been achieved , demonstrating that the easy click principle of the new pump does not compromise the analytical figures of merit.
Functional core/shell particles are highly sought after in analytical chemistry, especially in methods suitable for single-particle analysis such as flow cytometry because they allow for facile multiplexed detection of several analytes in a single run. Aiming to develop a powerful bead platform of which the core particle can be doped in a straightforward manner while the shell offers the highest possible sensitivity when functionalized with (bio)chemical binders, polystyrene particles were coated with different kinds of mesoporous silica shells in a convergent growth approach. Mesoporous shells allow us to obtain distinctly higher surface areas in comparison with conventional nonporous shells. While assessing the potential of narrow- as well as wide-pore silicas such as Mobil composition of matter no. 41 (MCM-41) and Santa Barbara amorphous material no. 15 (SBA-15), especially the synthesis of the latter shells that are much more suitable for biomolecule anchoring was optimized by altering the pH and both, the amount and type of the mediator salt. Our studies showed that the best performing material resulted from a synthesis using neutral conditions and MgSO4 as an ionic mediator. The analytical potential of the particles was investigated in flow cytometric DNA assays after their respective functionalization for individual and multiplexed detection of short oligonucleotide strands. These experiments revealed that a two-step modification of the silica surface with amino silane and succinic anhydride prior to coupling of an amino-terminated capture DNA (c-DNA) strand is superior to coupling carboxylic acid-terminated c-DNA to aminated core/shell particles, yielding limits of detection (LOD) down to 5 pM for a hybridization assay, using labeled complementary single-stranded target DNA (t-DNA) 15mers. The potential of the use of the particles in multiplexed analysis was shown with the aid of dye-doped core particles carrying a respective SBA-15 shell. Characteristic genomic sequences of human papillomaviruses (HPV) were chosen as the t-DNA analytes here, since their high relevance as carcinogens and the high number of different pathogens is a relevant model case. The title particles showed a promising performance and allowed us to unequivocally detect the different high- and low-risk HPV types in a single experimental run.
This review summarizes recent developments regarding molecular imaging markers for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, the clinical standard includes MR imaging using unspecific gadolinium-based contrast agents. Specific molecular probes for the diagnosis of PCa could improve the molecular characterization of the tumor in a non-invasive examination. Furthermore, molecular probes could enable targeted therapies to suppress tumor growth or reduce the tumor size.
In this work, we describe the use of artificial neural networks for the quantification of X-ray fluorescence measurements. The training data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, which avoided the use of adapted reference materials. The extension of the available data set by means of an ANN to generate additional data was demonstrated. Particular emphasis was put on the comparability of simulated and experimental data and how the influence of deviations can be reduced. The search for the optimal hyperparameter, manual and automatic, is also described. For the presented case, we were able to train a network with a mean absolute error of 0.1 weight percent for the synthetic data and 0.7 weight percent for a set of experimental data obtained with certified reference materials.
To investigate the imaging performance of an elastin-specific molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe with respect to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in an experimental hepatic cancer model. Twelve rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors were examined using 3 T MRI 14, 21, and 28 days after tumor implantation for two subsequent days (gadobutrol, day 1; elastin-specific probe, day 2). The relative enhancement (RE) of segmented tumor regions (central and margin) and the peritumoral matrix was calculated using pre-contrast and delayed-phase T1w sequences. MRI measurements were correlated to histopathology and element-specific and spatially resolved mass spectrometry (MS). Mixed-model analysis was performed to assess the performance of the elastin-specific probe. In comparison to gadobutrol, the elastin probe showed significantly stronger RE, which was pronounced in the tumor margin (day 14–28: P ≤ 0.007). In addition, the elastin probe was superior in discriminating between tumor regions (χ2(4) = 65.87; P < 0.001). MRI-based measurements of the elastin probe significantly correlated with the ex vivo elastinstain (R = .84; P <0 .001) and absolute gadolinium concentrations (ICP-MS: R = .73, P <0 .01). LA-ICP-MS imaging confirmed the colocalization of the elastin-specific probe with elastic fibers. Elastin-specific molecular MRI is superior to non-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents in imaging the ECM of hepatic tumors and the peritumoral tissue.
Calibration-Free Chemical Process and Quality Control Units as Enablers for Modular Production
(2021)
Modular chemical production is a tangible translation of the digital transformation of the process industry for specialty chemicals. In particular, it enables the speeding-up of process development and thus a quicker time to market by flexibly connecting and orchestrating standardised physical modules and bringing them to life (i.e., parameterising them) with digitally accumulated process knowledge.
We focus on the specific challenges of chemical process and quality control, which in its current form is not well suited for modular production and provide possible approaches and examples of the change towards direct analytical methods, analytical model transfer or machine-supported processes.
Background:
Molecular-MRI is a promising imaging modality for the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) represents a new therapeutic tool for AAA-treatment, since pro-inflammatory cytokines are key-mediators of inflammation. This study investigates the potential of molecular-MRI to evaluate therapeutic effects of an anti-IL-1β-therapy on AAA-formation in a mouse-model.
Methods:
Osmotic-minipumps were implanted in apolipoprotein-deficient-mice (N = 27). One group (Ang-II+01BSUR group, n = 9) was infused with angiotensin-II (Ang-II) for 4 weeks and received an anti-murine IL-1β-antibody (01BSUR) 3 times. One group (Ang-II-group, n = 9) was infused with Ang-II for 4 weeks but received no treatment. Control-group (n = 9) was infused with saline and received no treatment. MR-imaging was performed using an elastin-specific gadolinium-based-probe (0.2 mmol/kg).
Results:
Mice of the Ang-II+01BSUR-group showed a lower aortic-diameter compared to mice of the Ang-II-group and control mice (p < 0.05). Using the elastin-specific-probe, a significant decrease in elastin-destruction was observed in mice of the Ang-II+01BSUR-group. In vivo MR-measurements correlated well with histopathology (y = 0.34x-13.81, R2 = 0.84, p < 0.05), ICP-MS (y = 0.02x+2.39; R2 = 0.81, p < 0.05) and LA-ICP-MS. Immunofluorescence and western-blotting confirmed a reduced IL-1β-expression.
Conclusions:
Molecular-MRI enables the early visualization and quantification of the anti-inflammatory-effects of an IL-1β-inhibitor in a mouse-model of AAAs. Responders and non-responders could be identified early after the initiation of the therapy using molecular-MRI.
CMOS-Compatible Silicon Photonic Sensor for Refractive Index Sensing Using Local Back-Side Release
(2020)
Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. The sensor is based on a micro-ring resonator and is fabricated on wafer-level using a CMOS technology. We revealed a ring resonator sensitivity for homogeneous sensing of 106 nm/RIU.
Environmental pollutants like fine particulate matter can cause adverse health effects through oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) such as peroxynitrite can chemically modify proteins, but the effects of such modifications on the immune system and human health are not well understood. In the course of inflammatory processes, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can sense damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we investigate how the TLR4 response and pro-inflammatory potential of the proteinous DAMPs α-Synuclein (α-Syn), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and high-mobility-group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which are relevant in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, changes upon chemical modification with peroxynitrite.
For the peroxynitrite-modified proteins, we found a strongly enhanced activation of TLR4 and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in stable reporter cell lines as well as increased mRNA expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in human monocytes (THP-1). This enhanced activation of innate immunity via TLR4 is mediated by covalent chemical modifications of the studied DAMPs.
Our results show that proteinous DAMPs modified by peroxynitrite more potently amplify inflammation via TLR4 activation than the native DAMPs, and provide first evidence that such modifications can directly enhance innate immune responses via a defined receptor. These findings suggest that environmental pollutants and related ROS/RNS may play a role in promoting acute and chronic inflammatory disorders by structurally modifying the body's own DAMPs. This may have important consequences for chronic neurodegenerative, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases that are prevalent in modern societies, and calls for action, to improve air quality and climate in the Anthropocene.
Antibody-gated indicator delivery (gAID) systems based on mesoporous silica nano- and microparticle scaffolds are a promising class of materials for the sensitive chemical detection of small-molecule analytes in simple test formats such as lateral flow assays (LFAs) or microfluidic chips. Their architecture is reminiscent of drug delivery systems, only that reporter molecules instead of drugs are stored in the voids of a porous host particle. In addition, the pores are closed with macromolecular “caps” through a tailored “gatekeeping” recognition chemistry so that the caps are opened when an analyte has reacted with a “gatekeeper”. The subsequent uncapping leads to a release of a large number of indicator molecules, endowing the system with signal amplification features. Particular benefits of such systems are their modularity and adaptability. With the example of the immunochemical detection of type-I pyrethroids by fluorescent dye-releasing gAID systems, the influence of several tuning modes on the optimisation of such hybrid sensory materials is introduced here. In particular, different mesoporous silica supports (from nano- and microparticles to platelets and short fibres), different functionalisation routes and different loading sequences were assessed. The materials’ performances were evaluated by studying their temporal response behaviour and detection sensitivity, including the tightness of pore closure (through the amount of blank release in the absence of analyte) and the release kinetics. Our results indicate that the better the paratope-accommodating Fab region of the antibody “cap” fits into the host material's pore opening, the better the closing/opening mechanism can be controlled. Because such materials are well-suited for LFAs, performance assessment included a test-strip format besides conventional assays in suspension. In combination with dyes as indicators and smartphones for read-out, simple analytical tests for use by untrained personnel directly at a point-of-need such as an aeroplane cabin can be devised, allowing for sensitivities down to the μg kg−1 range in <5 min with case-required selectivities.
Microplastic particles are currently detected in almost all environmental compartments. The results of detection vary widely, as a multitude of very different methods are used with very different requirements for analytical validity.
In this work four thermoanalytical methods are compared and their advantages and limitations are discussed. One of them is thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), an analysis method for microplastic detection that has become established in recent years. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) were applied, two methods that are less common in this field but are still used in other research areas. Finally, microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) was applied, a method not yet used for microplastic detection.
The presented results are taken from a recently published interlaboratory comparison test by Becker et al. (2020). Here a reference material consisting of suspended matter and specified added polymer masses was examined, and only the results of the recoveries were presented. In the present paper, however, the results for the individual polymers are discussed in detail and individual perspectives for all instruments are shown.
It was found that TED-GC/MS is the most suitable method for samples with unknown matrix and unknown, variable kinds and contents of microplastic. TGA-FTIR is a robust method for samples with known matrix and with defined kinds of microplastic. TGA-MS may offer a solution for the detection of PVC particles in the future. MCC can be used as a very fast and simple screening method for the identification of a potential microplastic load of standard polymers in unknown samples.
The Uncertainty Paradox: Molar Mass of Enriched Versus Natural Silicon Used in the XRCD Method
(2020)
The X-ray crystal density method uses silicon spheres highly enriched in 28Si as a primary method for the dissemination of the SI base unit kilogram yielding smallest possible uncertainties associated with the mass m within a few parts in 10-8. This study compares different available and newly developed analytical methods and their results for the determination of the molar mass M of silicon highly enriched in 28Si (Me) and of silicon (Mx) with an almost natural isotopic distribution. While for Me relative uncertainties urel(Me) in the lower 10-9 range are obtained routinely, it was not possible to fall below a value of urel(Mx) < 4 x 10-6 in the case of natural silicon, which is approximately three orders of magnitude larger. The application of the state-of the-art isotope ratio mass spectrometry accompanied with sophisticated thoroughly investigated methods suggests an intrinsic cause for the large uncertainty associated with the molar mass of natural silicon compared to the enriched material.
The theory of a new calibration approach for obtaining absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements without the use of any standard has been developed. The calibration approach basically uses the difference in the instrumental isotope fractionation of two different types of mass spectrometers, leading to two different fractionation lines in a three-isotope diagram. When measuring the same sample with both mass spectrometers, the different fractionation lines have one point in common: this is the ‘true’ logarithmized isotope ratio pair of the sample. Thus, the intersection of both fractionation lines provides us with the absolute isotope ratios of the sample. This theory has been tested in practice by measuring Cd and of Pb isotope ratios in the certified reference materials BAM-I012 and NIST SRM981 by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry while varying the ionization conditions for both mass spectrometers. With this experiment, the theory could be verified, and absolute isotope ratios were obtained, which were metrologically compatible with the certified isotope ratios. The so-obtained absolute isotope ratios are biased by − 0.5% in average, which should be improved with further developments of the method. This calibration approach is universal, as it can be applied to all elements with three or more isotopes and it is not limited to the type of mass spectrometers applied; it can be applied as well to secondary ion mass spectrometry or others. Additionally, this approach provides information on the fractionation process itself via the triple-isotope fractionation exponent θ.
In this study, we compare combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) with respect to their applicability for determining organically Bound fluorine sum parameters. Extractable (EOF) and adsorbable (AOF) organically bound fluorine as well as total fluorine (TF) were measured in samples fromriver Spree in Berlin, Germany, to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques used as well as the two established fluorine sum Parameters AOF and EOF. TF concentrations determined via HR-CS-GFMAS and CIC were comparable between 148 and 270 μg/L. On average, AOF concentrations were higher than EOF concentrations, with AOF making up 0.14–0.81% of TF (determined using CIC) and EOF 0.04–0.28% of TF (determined using HR-CSGFMAS).
The results obtained by the two independent methods were in good agreement. It turned out that HR-CS-GFMAS is a more sensitive and precise method for fluorine analysis compared to CIC. EOF and AOF are comparable tools in Risk evaluation for the emerging pollutants per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances; however, EOF is much faster to conduct.
An international comparison study on the accurate determination of the molar mass M(Si) of silicon artificially enriched in 28Si (x(28Si) > 0.9999 mol mol−1) has been completed. The measurements were part of the high level CCQM-P160 pilot study assessing the ability of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) to make such measurements at the lowest possible levels of measurement uncertainty and to identify possible difficulties when measuring this kind of sample. This study supports the molar mass measurements critical to disseminating the silicon route to realizing the new definitions for the kilogram and the mole. Measurements were also made by one external research institute and an external company. The different institutes were free to choose their experimental (mass spectrometric) set-ups and equipment, thereby enabling also the comparison of different techniques. The investigated material was a chemically pure, polycrystalline silicon material. The subsequent modified single crystalline secondary product of this material was intended for the production of silicon which was used for two additional spheres in the context of the redetermination of the Avogadro constant NA, required for the revision of the International System of Units (SI) via fundamental constants which came into force from May 2019. The CCQM pilot study was organized by Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Aqueous silicon solutions were shipped to all participating institutions. The data analysis as well as the uncertainty modelling and calculation of the results was predefined. The participants were provided with an uncertainty budget as a GUM Workbench® file as well as a free software license for the duration of the comparison. The agreement of the values of the molar mass (M(Si) = 27.976 942 577 g mol−1) was excellent with ten out of 11 results reported within the range of relative uncertainty of 1 × 10−8 required
for the revision of the SI.
Superficial white matter (SWM) contains the most cortico-cortical white matter connections in the human brain encompassing the short U-shaped association fibers. Despite its importance for brain connectivity, very little is known about SWM in humans, mainly due to the lack of noninvasive imaging methods. Here, we lay the groundwork for systematic in vivo SWM mapping using ultrahigh resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. Using biophysical modeling informed by quantitative ion beam microscopy on postmortem brain tissue, we demonstrate that MR contrast in SWM is driven by iron and can be linked to the microscopic iron distribution. Higher SWM iron concentrations were observed in U-fiber–rich frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, potentially reflecting high fiber density or late myelination in these areas. Our SWM mapping approach provides the foundation for systematic studies of interindividual differences, plasticity, and pathologies of this crucial structure for cortico-cortical connectivity in humans.
The review mainly deals with two topics that became important in applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in recent years: the emission of halogen- and rare-earth-containing molecules and selective excitation of molecules by molecular laser-induced fluorescence (MLIF). The first topic is related to the emission of alkaline-earth diatomic halides MX, M = Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr and X = F, Cl, Br, and I and rare-earth element (REE) oxides LaO, YO, and ScO. These molecules form in laser-induced plasma (LIP) soon after its ignition and persist for a long time, emitting broad bands in a visible part of the spectrum. They are best detected after relatively long delay times when emission from interfering plasma species (atoms and ions) has already been quenched. Such behavior of molecular spectra allows of using, for their detection, inexpensive CCD detectors equipped with simple electronic or mechanical shutters and low-resolution spectrometers. A main target for analysis by molecular spectroscopy is halogens; these elements are difficult to detect by atomic spectroscopy because their most intense atomic lines lie in the vacuum UV. Therefore, in many situations, emission from CaF and CaCl may provide a substantially more sensitive detection of F and Cl than emission from elemental F and Cl and their ions. This proved to be important in mining and concrete industries and even Mars exploration. A similar situation is observed for REEs; their detection by atomic spectroscopy sometimes fails even despite the abundance of atomic and ionic REEs' lines in the UV-VIS. For example, in minerals and rocks with low concentrations of REEs, emission from major and minor mineral elements hinders the weak emission from REEs. Many REEs do not form molecules that show strong emission bands in LIP but can still be detected with the aid of LIP. All REEs except La, Y, and Sc exhibit long-lived luminescence in solid matrices that is easily excited by LIP. The luminescence can be detected simultaneously with molecular emission of species in LIP within the same time and spectral window. The second topic is related to the combination of MLIF and LIBS, which is a technique that was proved to be efficient for analysis of isotopic molecules in LIP. For example, the characteristic spectral signals from isotopic molecules containing 10B and 11B are easier to detect with MLIF-LIBS than with laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) because MLIF provides strong resonance excitation of only targeted isotopes. The technique is also very efficient in detection of halogen molecules although it requires an additional tunable laser that makes the experimental setup bulky and more expensive.