Chemie und Prozesstechnik
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- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (17) (entfernen)
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Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (9)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (9)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (4)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (2)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (2)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (2)
- Z Zentrale Dienstleistungen (2)
- Z.1 Organisation, Controlling (2)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (1)
- 8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen (1)
A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
In der anthropologischen Rudolf-Virchow-Sammlung der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (BGAEU) befindet sich eine größere Anzahl menschlicher Schädel aus dem Gebiet des heutigen Lettlands, die Mehrzahl dabei von der im Norden Lettlands am Burtnieksee gelegenen Fundstelle Riņņukalns. Der nachfolgende Aufsatz beschreibt die Gründe, warum diese Stücke in den 1870er Jahren in die Sammlung gelangt sind, und präsentiert eine anthropologische Dokumentation und Analyse der Schädelfunde vom Riņņukalns aus der Sammlung.
This chapter provides an overview of what standards are, why they are important, and how they are developed. There is a focus on the work of standards committees relevant to nanotechnology measurement and characterization with tables detailing the standards that are currently available for a large number of different techniques, materials, and applications at the nanoscale.
In Berlin befinden sich Fragmente indigener Bilderhandschriften, die Alexander von Humboldt aus Mexiko mitbrachte. Fast alle stammen sie aus der ehemaligen Sammlung des Italieners Lorenzo Boturini, deren Reste heute über mehrere Länder verstreut sind. Der hohe Fragmentierungsgrad sowie ungeklärte Fragen zur Provenienz und Genese der Bruchstücke machen es schwierig, sie zu rekontextualisieren. Um dies dennoch zu erreichen, kommen einander ergänzende moderne natur- und kulturwissenschaftliche Methoden zum Einsatz. Als Beispiel einer Neuzuordnung werden die Humboldt-Fragmente IX-XII vorgestellt. Dass die vier Bruchstücke verwandt sind, wurde schon lange vermutet, nicht jedoch, dass sie zusammen mit einem nicht mehr vorhandenen Mittelteil ein einziges Dokument gebildet haben. Die Gründe für eine derartige Rekonstruktion werden als Ergebnis der Forschungsarbeiten diskutiert.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic Proteins (eg, GDF5) in bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC), potentially suitable for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, may be required to counteract augmented local bone catabolism and to support complete bone regeneration. The biologically optimized GDF5 Mutant BB-1 may represent an attractive drug candidate for this purpose.
PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to test an injectable, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC containing low-dose BB-1 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model.
STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING: This is a prospective experimental animal study.
METHODS: Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and were filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages.
Der Beitrag beleuchtet im Rahmen des Schwerpunktthemas "Kennzahlen als Mess- und Steuerungsinstrument in Behörden" des Arbeitskreises Steuerung & Controlling in öffentlichen Institutionen die spezifischen Aspekte der Steuerung einer Ressortforschungseinrichtung. Dabei wird am Beispiel der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung das derzeit vorhandene Ziel- und Steuerungssystem dargestellt. Ausgehend vom Spannungsfeld zwischen wissenschaftlicher Freiheit und Notwendigkeit der Steuerung einer öffentlichen Einrichtung wird die Ableitung von der dreijährigen strategischen Zielvereinbarung mit dem BMWi hin zu den operativen jährlichen Abteilungszielvereinbarungen beschrieben. Zusammenfassend werden die Herausforderungen der Steuerung einer Forschungseinrichtung diskutiert.
As one of the widely used analytical methods for the analysis of elemental composition of solid matter, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has recently gained significant importance regarding its application to the chemical analysis of nanoparticles, especially in conjunction with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the use of the transmission operation mode of SEM (STEM-in-SEM). This development was mainly driven by the technological progress with highly sensitive EDS detectors, such that individual nanoparticles can be quickly inspected with EDS at a SEM. Qualitative information on elemental composition with about 10 nm spatial resolution can be achieved complementary to the high-resolution information of the sample surface morphology within the same scanned area as provided by the electron microscope. Representative examples with successful EDS analysis on nanoparticles are presented, but also limitations of the method are described.
Conclusions and perspectives
(2020)
This chapter briefly summarizes the methods selected within this book for the characterization of nanoparticles with regard to commonly accessible properties: nanoparticle size and size distribution, shape, surface area, surface charge, aggregation state, structure, chemical composition, surface chemistry, and nanoparticle number concentration. Current progress of measurement and analysis, as far as possible according to standard operation procedures, has been the focus of this work. A number of new and less commonly used methods have not been covered, and we outline some of these in this chapter. Future challenges such as automated measurement and analysis, read-across approaches for the prediction of properties, knowledge of measurement uncertainties, the need for certified reference materials, and the necessity to complement measurements methods to obtain more reliable results are covered, and the unmet measurement requirements for real-world nanoparticles are described.
Characterization of nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy - Measurement procedures
(2020)
In this chapter, approaches are proposed for the descriptive and quantitative characterization of nano-objects with nanometer resolution. Measurements are based on the analysis of the characteristics of 2D projections of individual particles visualized on transmission electron micrographs.
Incorporation of spectroscopic methods (EDS and EELS) for elemental analysis of nano-objects is recommended to identify subpopulations of nano-objects in mixtures based on their chemical composition. The focus lies on the determination of physicochemical properties which are essential in a legislatory and regulatory context to define the material as a nanomaterial (NM), and to assess its safety and toxicological potential, using widely accessible equipment.