Circular Economy
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2018 (74) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (38)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (15)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (8)
- Buchkapitel (7)
- Posterpräsentation (6)
Schlagworte
- Phosphor (6)
- Recycling (6)
- Leaching (5)
- Soil (5)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (4)
- LD-Schlacke (4)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (4)
- Ökodesign (4)
- Ecotoxicity (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Klärschlamm (3)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (3)
- Phosphorus recovery (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Ressourceneffizienz (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- Rostasche (3)
- Alkalien (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Bottom ash (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- Cement (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- DGT (2)
- Durability (2)
- Düngemittel (2)
- EDXRF (2)
- Ecodesign (2)
- Environmental evaluation (2)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (2)
- Grain size (2)
- Gypsum (2)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnungen (2)
- Lichtbogenofen (2)
- Lightweight concrete (2)
- Masonry rubble (2)
- Mauerwerkbruch (2)
- Moisture (2)
- Normung (2)
- PLSR (2)
- Phosphorus (2)
- Pyrometallurgy (2)
- Recycling aggregates (2)
- Reparability (2)
- SCALE (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Tantalum (2)
- Thermochemisch (2)
- Tricalciumsilikat (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Zement (2)
- Zementklinker (2)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Agronomische Effizienz (1)
- Alit (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Antimony (1)
- BBodSchV (1)
- Bio-based concrete (1)
- Bodenmaterial (1)
- CFK (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbonfaser (1)
- Chemical admixtures (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Climate (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Copper (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- DGT-Methode (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Dünger (1)
- Education (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Extraktionen (1)
- Extraktionsversuche (1)
- Feedstock recycling (1)
- Fertilzer (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Household waste (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Internetplattform (1)
- Iron speciation (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Kumulierter Energieaufwand (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Leichtbeton (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (LWA) (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Marktüberwachung (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nonferrous slag (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- On-Line Analyse (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- Online-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Online-RFA-Spektroskopie (1)
- P-Recyclate (1)
- P-Recyclingdünger (1)
- P-Senken (1)
- PAK (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Phopshorus recovery (1)
- Phosphat (1)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process control (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Pyrometallurgie (1)
- Rechtssetzung (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Recycability (1)
- Recyclability (1)
- Recyclingfähigkeit (1)
- Recyclinggranulat (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Reparierbarkeit (1)
- Ressourcen (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rotschlamm (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Soil P species (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (1)
- Stoffstromanalyse (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Tantal (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Time-gated Raman-Spektroskpie (1)
- Ton (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Verwertung (1)
- Waste treatment (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- Ökdoesign (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (55)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (35)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (20)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (9)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (7)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (6)
- S.3 Ökodesign und Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (6)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (5)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (5)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (3)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (38)
Development of a robust calibration model for determination of nutrients in soils using EDXRF
(2018)
As part of the BonaRes research initiative, funded by the BMBF, strategies are being developed to use soil as a sustainable resource in the bio economy. The interdisciplinary subproject I4S - “Intelligence for soil” - is responsible for the development of an integrated system for site-specific management of soil fertility. For this purpose, a platform is constructed and various sensors are installed. Real-time data will be summarised in models and decision-making algorithms will be used to control fertilisation and accordingly improve soil functions. Aim of the BAM in the frame of I4S is the characterisation of an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) based sensor for robust determination of plant essential nutrients in soil.
First a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify outliers and to observe the largest variance within the German soil samples. It could be monitored that splitting of the samples was due to their iron content. Given that clay samples contain high amounts of iron and sandy samples low amounts, a classification of the samples by their soil texture according to VD LUFA was possible. Considering the complex composition of soil, a matrix-specific calibration was carried out by univariate and multivariate data analysis. The figures of merit demonstrated that a more robust calibration model with negligible matrix effects can be obtained by a multivariate approach using partial least squares regression (PLSR). A better correlation between predicted values compared to reference values for German soil samples was observed for the chemometric calibration model than for the univariate one.
Different factors can affect the received calibration models such as moisture and particle size distribution which is especially important due to later online Analysis.
In first studies the influence of moisture on the detection of plant essential nutrients was investigated. With increasing water content, the characteristic fluorescence peaks decrease and start to increase again at a water content of 15 %. With lower moisture content the soil agglomerates which leads to lower packing of the sample, resulting in a rougher surface which negatively influence the signals. Whereas, agglomerates are not formed at higher water content. This allows the sample to be packed more tightly thus a smoother surface and a better homogeneity is obtained.
Furthermore, particle size distribution leads to significantly higher uncertainties and lower signals when comparing grounded (< 500 μm) and not grounded (< 2 mm) samples. This can be explained by amplifying of the already known inhomogeneity of soils. Both factors must be included in the chemometric PLSR to obtain robust calibration models for each macro and micro nutrient.
During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites.
Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted.
This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process.
Advantages of recycling gypsum plaster boards
During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites.
Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted.
This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process.
While today, engineers can choose from a wide range of rheology modifying admixtures, in some parts of the world, these are difficult to access, due to their complex processing. However, alternatives can be bio‐based polymers such as polysaccharides from various sources. These are easily accessible all over the world, do not demand for complicated processing, and typically they are more sustainable than many established materials, which are crude oil‐based.
The paper presents the effects of acacia gum, cassava starch and the gum of triumfetta pendrata A. Rich on the rheological performance of cementitious systems. It is shown that acacia gum can be as efficient as polycarboxylate based superplasticisers, cassava starch can reduce the yield stress slightly with little effect on the plastic viscosity, and the gum of triumfet ta pendrata A. Rich increases the thixotropy of cement pastes with plasticizing polymers significantly.
Structural design and application have always been linked to the compressive strength of concrete as the main relevant criterion. This was justifiable in the past, where concrete consisted of water, ordinary Portland cement and aggregates, but this concept is no longer relevant for modern and more sustainable cement and concrete.
Despite these new developments, existing standards, guidelines and academic curricula have not been much updated and are still used worldwide. There is a need to change this situation by proper education of the users.
This overview describes the challenges that arise at a user Level from the higher complexity of modern concrete, and defines needs and requirements for enhanced applicability of sustainable concrete concepts.
Furthermore, recommendations are given on how better concrete practice can be communicated to all the involved parties, from civil and design engineers to constructors and site-appliers on the construction site.
Jährlich entstehen in Brasilien ca. 2 bis 10 Millionen Tonnen Aschen aus der Verbrennung von Zuckerrohrbagasse. Die Aschen enthalten schwankende Zusammensetzungen an mineralischen Nährelementen und könnten daher zu Düngezwecken verwendet werden.
Allerdings ist (i) die Nährstoffverfügbarkeit gering, (ii), die entsprechende Nährstoffzusammensetzung nicht optimal für die Nutzung der Aschen als Düngemittel für die Hauptanbaukulturen in Brasilien und (iii) weisen die Aschen aufgrund häufig schlechter Verbrennungsqualitäten hohe organische Kohlenstoffgehalte auf. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts ASHES („Rückführung von Nährstoffen aus Aschen von thermochemischen Prozessen mit Bagasse bzw. Zuckerrohrstroh“), arbeiten 7 deutsche und 4 brasilianische Partner an der Optimierung der thermochemischen Verwertung von Rückständen aus der Zuckerproduktion in Brasilien, inklusive der Formulierung von optimierten Düngemischungen auf Basis der generierten Aschen. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird die Verarbeitung dieser optimierten Mischungen zu Pellets und Granulaten unter Verwendung verfügbarer regionaler Reststoffe wie Filterkuchen (Vinasse-Presskuchen) sowie Hühnertrockenkot beschrieben. Zur Untersuchung der Handlingeigenschaften wurden die produzierten Pellets und Granulate hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Stabilität und des Wasseraufnahmevermögens untersucht. Dafür wurden geeignete Prüfverfahren angepasst und entsprechende Versuche durchgeführt.
Lightweight concrete with recycling aggregates made from masonry rubble and rubble-clay mixtures
(2018)
Structural lightweight concrete is a construction material composed primarily of lightweight aggregates (LWA), cement and water. Most LWA are produced by thermal treatment of natural raw materials such as clay and shale today. In addition to the high energy costs thereby incurred, the availability of suitable raw materials is limited. An alternative is the use of recycling LWA made from mineral construction and demolition waste. Recycling LWA made from masonry rubble and rubble-clay mixtures were studied in two different research projects. The technology pursues the idea of feedstock recycling, which means the recycling is based on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the masonry rubble and clay. The recycling LWA are produced in a multistage manufacturing process by thermal hardening in laboratory and pilot scale. Their particle bulk densities and particle strengths vary between 600 and 2000 kg/m³ and 1.5 and 13 MPa, respectively. Their equivalence to traditional LWA was proven in comprehensive tests of the aggregates themselves as well as the mortars and concretes made therefrom. Our contribution reports on the results of the characterization of the recycling aggregates compared to expanded clays and the studies on LWA concretes.
Wie Länder mit ihren Abfällen umgehen, hängt nicht nur von der Wirtschaftskraft eines Landes ab. Selbst in einem reichen Land wie Australien werden unbehandelte Abfälle einfach deponiert. Im Rahmen der Travelling Conference, einer vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Vortragsreihe, besuchten Fachleute die Länder Südkorea, Vietnam und Australien, um mit Experten vor Ort Fragestellungen aus der Abfallwirtschaft zu diskutieren. Zu den Schwerpunktthemen zählte die Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz im Spannungsfeld von ökonomischen und umweltpolitischen Interessen. Eine Frage war beispielsweise die Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit von mineralischen Abfällen, wenn diese als Ersatzbaustoffe eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede bei der Entsorgung von Siedlungsabfällen, beim Recycling und bei der Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit der Wiederverwertung von Abfällen in den drei besuchten Ländern im Vergleich zu Deutschland aufgezeigt. Dabei ist man sich in Deutschland und den drei besuchten Ländern einig, dass die Abfallbeseitigung auf Deponien ohne Rückgewinnung von Ressourcen oder Energie die schlechteste Abfallentsorgungsoption ist. Einigkeit besteht auch darin, dass die Ziele einer nachhaltigen Abfallwirtschaft der Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit und der Umwelt sowie die Schonung von Ressourcen sind. In allen drei Ländern werden große Mengen an mineralischen Abfällen erzeugt, die bei Nachweis der Umweltverträglichkeit einen Teil von natürlichem Sand und Kies für die Bauindustrie ersetzen könnten. Ähnlich wie in Deutschland werden recycelte Abfälle im Tiefbau jedoch nur in geringem Maße eingesetzt. Gründe dafür sind fehlende Behandlungsanlagen für mineralische Abfälle und Bedenken im Hinblick auf die Umweltverträglichkeit.
A new sewage sludge ordinance was set in force in Germany in 2017 that makes phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge mandatory. The technological possibilities for P-recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash were presented.
As part of the BonaRes research initiative, funded by the BMBF, strategies are being developed to use soil as a sustainable resource in the bio economy. The interdisciplinary subproject I4S - “Intelligence for soil” - is responsible for the development of an integrated system for site-specific management of soil fertility. For this purpose, a platform is constructed and various sensors are installed. Real-time data will be summarised in models and decision-making algorithms will be used to control fertilisation and accordingly improve soil functions. Aim of the BAM in the frame of I4S is the characterisation of an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) based sensor for robust determination of plant essential nutrients in soil.
First a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify outliers and to observe the largest variance within the German soil samples. It could be monitored that splitting of the samples was due to their iron content. Given that clay samples contain high amounts of iron and sandy samples low amounts, a classification of the samples by their soil texture according to VD LUFA was possible. Considering the complex composition of soil, a matrix-specific calibration was carried out by univariate and multivariate data analysis. The figures of merit demonstrated that a more robust calibration model with negligible matrix effects can be obtained by a multivariate approach using partial least squares regression (PLSR). A better correlation between predicted values compared to reference values for German soil samples was observed for the chemometric calibration model than for the univariate one.
Different factors can affect the received calibration models such as moisture and particle size distribution which is especially important due to later online analysis.
In first studies the influence of moisture on the detection of plant essential nutrients was investigated. With increasing water content, the characteristic fluorescence peaks decrease and start to increase again at a water content of 15 %. With lower moisture content the soil agglomerates which leads to lower packing of the sample, resulting in a rougher surface which negatively influence the signals. Whereas, agglomerates are not formed at higher water content. This allows the sample to be packed more tightly thus a smoother surface and a better homogeneity is obtained.
Furthermore, particle size distribution leads to significantly higher uncertainties and lower signals when comparing grounded (< 500 μm) and not grounded (< 2 mm) samples. This can be explained by amplifying of the already known inhomogeneity of soils.
Both factors must be included in the chemometric PLSR to obtain robust calibration models for each macro and micro nutrient.