Circular Economy
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Innovation, science and engineering are driving forces to mastering the global challenges of the next decades. The basis is education. ISEE stands for Innovation, Science, Engineering and education. This book summarises the presentations, discussions and Statements that were made during the ISEE-Africa conference held in Nairobi in 2019 from January 30 to February 1.
The ISEE conference is a gathering of international researchers, scholars, and students, who came together to discuss jointly relevant topics related to better education for the engineers and architects of the future.
Today, we know that the climate change is real. Many regions in the world are already suffering significantly, and the only way for humanity to overcome the challenges is to develop more sustainable technologies to the benefit of the entire global society. However, sustainable technologies require for deeper understanding, more conscious thinking, and smarter engineering. The only way how this can be achieved is to educate the developers, the decision makers, the engineers of tomorrow in a more knowledge driven way, and to equip them with the assertiveness required for the implementation.
In this book, topics of construction and sustainable materials are linked to educational challenges. It addresses teachers, academic and political decision makers, and change drivers. The specific objective is to be critical, thought-provoking and inspiring. This way, we do hope that the book can deliver credible solution strategies for enhanced education for a new generation of decision makers with higher awareness of global and environmental challenges as well as innovation potentials.
Two nanosensors for simultaneous optical measurements of temperature (“T”), oxygen (“O”), and pH (“P”) have been designed. These “TOP” nanosensors are based on 100 nm-sized silica-coated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) doped with the near infrared emissive oxygen- and temperature-sensitive chromium(III) complex ([Cr(ddpd)2][BPh4]3 CrBPh4)[1][2] and an inert reference fluorescence dye (Nile Red NR or 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin TFPP) and are covalently labeled with the pH-sensitive fluorophore fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). These emitters can be excited at the same wavelength and reveal distinguishable emission spectra suitable for ratiometric intensity-based and time-resolved studies in the visible and near infrared spectral region. The core-shell nanostructure of these sensors reveals high colloidal stability in various aqueous media. Studies in PBS buffer solutions and in a model body liquid demonstrate the applicability of the TOP nanosensors for optically detecting the three bioanalytically and biologically relevant analytes temperature, oxygen and pH simultaneously at the same position.
Two nanosensors for simultaneous optical measurements of temperature (“T”), oxygen (“O”), and pH (“P”) have been designed. These “TOP” nanosensors are based on 100 nm-sized silica-coated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) doped with the near infrared emissive oxygen- and temperature-sensitive chromium(III) complex ([Cr(ddpd)2][BPh4]3 CrBPh4)[1][2] and an inert reference fluorescence dye (Nile Red NR or 5,10,15,20tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin TFPP) and are covalently labeled with the pHsensitive fluorophore fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). These emitters can be excited at the same wavelength and reveal distinguishable emission spectra suitable for ratiometric intensity-based and time-resolved studies in the visible and near infrared spectral region. The core-shell nanostructure of these sensors reveals high colloidal stability in various aqueous media. Studies in PBS buffer solutions and in a model body liquid demonstrate the applicability of the TOP nanosensors for optically detecting the three bioanalytically and biologically relevant analytes temperature, oxygen and pH simultaneously at the same position.
Structural design and application have always been linked to the compressive strength of concrete as the main relevant criterion. This was justifiable in the past, where concrete consisted of water, ordinary Portland cement and aggregates, but this concept is no longer relevant for modern and more sustainable cement and concrete.
Despite these new developments, existing standards, guidelines and academic curricula have not been much updated and are still used worldwide. There is a need to change this situation by proper education of the users.
This overview describes the challenges that arise at a user Level from the higher complexity of modern concrete, and defines needs and requirements for enhanced applicability of sustainable concrete concepts.
Furthermore, recommendations are given on how better concrete practice can be communicated to all the involved parties, from civil and design engineers to constructors and site-appliers on the construction site.