Circular Economy
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (152)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (95)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (33)
- Posterpräsentation (32)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (2)
- Tagungsband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- Video (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (200)
- Deutsch (133)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
- Polnisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Recycling (32)
- Phosphor (20)
- Circular economy (17)
- Klärschlamm (17)
- Phosphorus (15)
- Rostasche (15)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (14)
- Phosphorus recovery (14)
- Mauerwerkbruch (13)
- Sewage sludge (13)
- Soil (12)
- Bottom ash (11)
- Leaching (10)
- Fertilizer (9)
- Klärschlammverordnung (9)
- Rohstoffliches Recycling (9)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (8)
- Gichtgasschlamm (7)
- LIBS (7)
- BOFS (6)
- CFK (6)
- Fertilzer (6)
- Hydraulic reactivity (6)
- Nährstoffe (6)
- PLSR (6)
- Papierasche (6)
- Pyrometallurgy (6)
- Scandium (6)
- Sewage sludge ash (6)
- Wastewater (6)
- Zement (6)
- Ökodesign (6)
- Circular Economy (5)
- Elektroofenstaub (5)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (5)
- Gypsum (5)
- Klärschlammasche (5)
- Lichtbogenofen (5)
- Moisture (5)
- NIR (5)
- PAK (5)
- Portland Cement (5)
- Poröse Granulate (5)
- Pyrometallurgie (5)
- Ressourceneffizienz (5)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (5)
- Ringversuch (5)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (5)
- Sustainability (5)
- Tantal (5)
- XANES spectroscopy (5)
- Zink (5)
- Alite (4)
- BBodSchV (4)
- Boden (4)
- Carbon Fibers (4)
- Construction and demolition waste (4)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (4)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (4)
- Düngemittel (4)
- Dünger (4)
- Ecodesign (4)
- Electric arc furnace dust (4)
- Environment (4)
- Environmental evaluation (4)
- Grain size (4)
- LD-Schlacke (4)
- Lightweight concrete (4)
- Makronährstoffe (4)
- Masonry rubble (4)
- Normung (4)
- Phosphat (4)
- RFA (4)
- Recovery (4)
- Red Mud (4)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (4)
- Steelmaking slag (4)
- Tantalum (4)
- Verwertung (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- XRF (4)
- Zinc (4)
- Abfallverbrennung (3)
- Antimony (3)
- Bauxite Residue (3)
- Blast furnace sludge (3)
- Blended cements (3)
- Bodenmaterial (3)
- CDW processing (3)
- Cabonfasern (3)
- Calcined clays (3)
- Carbonfaser (3)
- Cement (3)
- Chemometrics (3)
- DGT (3)
- Ecotoxicity (3)
- Electric Arc Furnace (3)
- Flame retardancy (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Landwirtschaft (3)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (3)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnung (3)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnungen (3)
- Lifetime (3)
- Lysimeter (3)
- Mantelverordnung (3)
- Metrology (3)
- Nassaufbereitung (3)
- PCA (3)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Recycling fertilizer (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- Rotschlamm (3)
- Selective chlorination (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Steelmaking (3)
- Thermal treatment (3)
- Thermochemisch (3)
- Waste management (3)
- Waste treatment (3)
- X-ray diffraction (3)
- AbfKlärV (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Abwasserbehandlung (2)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Agronomic performance (2)
- Agronomische Effizienz (2)
- Alkali-activated materials (2)
- Alkalien (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Ammonium (2)
- Analytik (2)
- Antimon (2)
- AshDec (2)
- Ashdec (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Bassanite (2)
- Baustoffrecycling (2)
- Bio-based concrete (2)
- Brick clays (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- CDW recycling (2)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Carbide formation (2)
- Carbon feeding (2)
- Chemical admixtures (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Copper (2)
- Corrosion (2)
- Cr(III) complex (2)
- DED-Arc (2)
- Data fusion (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Dry treatment (2)
- Durability (2)
- Dye (2)
- EDXRF (2)
- Education (2)
- Epoxy resin (2)
- Ersatzbaustoff (2)
- FITC (2)
- Filterstaub (2)
- Flame retardant (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Heavy metal removal (2)
- Incineration bottom ash (2)
- Infrared spectroscopy (2)
- Insects (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leichtbeton (2)
- Life Cycle Assessment (2)
- Lightweight aggregates (2)
- MSWI bottom ash (2)
- Materials (2)
- Medical diagnostics (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Mineralwolle (2)
- Monoverbrennung (2)
- Monoverbrennungsanlage (2)
- NDT (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Nanosensor (2)
- Nitrification inhibitor (2)
- Nutrient (2)
- Online (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- P-Recyclingdünger (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Ratiometric (2)
- Recycling aggregates (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Reduction process (2)
- Repair mortar (2)
- Reparability (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Reststoffe (2)
- Rheology (2)
- SCALE (2)
- Scattering (2)
- Secondary Recources (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Soil P species (2)
- Soil-like material (2)
- Sorption (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Speichermaterial (2)
- Struvit (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Supplementary cementitious materials (2)
- TCE (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Thermochemical treatment (2)
- Tricalcium-silicate (2)
- Tricalciumsilikat (2)
- Vitrimer (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- XANES (2)
- Zementersatz (2)
- Zementklinker (2)
- Zinnschlacke (2)
- Zitronensäure (2)
- pH (2)
- 2D/3D thermographic registration (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Africa (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Alit (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Aquatische Toxizität (1)
- Arc welding (1)
- Aromatics (1)
- Ashes (1)
- Assay (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Aufbereitungstechnik (1)
- Aufgelöste Tragstrukturen (1)
- Auslaugverfahren (1)
- Automated welding (1)
- BESSY (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bau- und Abbruchabfälle (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Bio-P-Kläranlage (1)
- Bio-based (1)
- Bio-composite (1)
- Bio-flame retardant (1)
- Bio-polymer (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocomposite (1)
- Biokunststoff (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Bodenfilter (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Brown Coal Fly Ash (1)
- Building industriy (1)
- Bushveld Complex (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CO2 footprint (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcined clay (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbonbeton (1)
- Carbonfasern (1)
- Charring (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemische Löslichkeit (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromitites (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleavable probe (1)
- Climate (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Complex shaped component testing (1)
- Composite recycling (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Crack detection (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- Cyclodextrin (1)
- DGT-Methode (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Dichtesortierung (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EPREL (1)
- ESPR (1)
- EU-Recht (1)
- EVA (1)
- Earth (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Elutionsverhalten (1)
- Emission (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (1)
- Energy Conversion (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Epoxy (1)
- Ermüdungsfestigkeit (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffverordnung (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Exposure modeling (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Extraktionen (1)
- Extraktionsversuche (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Fatigue life (1)
- Feedstock recycling (1)
- Fertigung (1)
- Feuchte (1)
- Fibre/matrix bonding (1)
- Filtermaterial (1)
- Fire behaviour (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Flotation (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Fluorescent markers (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Food (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- Fusion welding (1)
- Fällmittel (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- Gasturbines (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Gesteinskörnungen (1)
- Gipsabfälle (1)
- Gipsrecycling (1)
- Gleichwertigkeit Messverfahren (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene-based material (GBM) (1)
- Green Deal (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Grenzfläche als Material (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum recycling (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrothermale Synthese (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- Illite (1)
- Illitic clays (1)
- In situ (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrielles Abwasser (1)
- Information modelling (1)
- Infraleichtbeton (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Internetplattform (1)
- Intumescence (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron speciation (1)
- Jacket foundations (1)
- Jig (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kenaf fiber (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Klärschlammdüngung (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kumulierter Energieaufwand (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- LCA (1)
- Landwirtschaftliche Klärschlammverwertung (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Lebensmittelindustrie (1)
- Lehm (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Leichtgranulat (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Lightweight aggreagtes (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (LWA) (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Lignite Coal (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Load-bearing (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MIC (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Macroalgae (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Marktüberwachung (1)
- Material cassification (1)
- Material classification (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material flow analysis (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Materialeffizienz (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Mauerwerk (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Microalgae culture (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (1)
- Mineralogie (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mmoisture (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- MySpot (1)
- NDE (1)
- Nachhaltigheit (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nanomaterialien (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neutralammoniumcitrat (1)
- Neutralammoniumnitrat (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Nonferrous slag (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Offshore Wind energy (1)
- Offshore Windenergie (1)
- On-Line Analyse (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- Online-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Online-RFA-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organophosphonate (1)
- Overhaul (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-Recyclate (1)
- P-Rückgewinnung (1)
- P-Senken (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Permeat (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Pflanzenverfügbarkeit (1)
- Pflanzenwurzel (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phasenzusammensetzung (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphor-Rückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorbestimmung (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Plant Experiment (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Plastic waste recycling (1)
- Plastikstrategie (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Poly(L‑lactide) (1)
- Polybutylensuccinat (PBS) (1)
- Polyesters (1)
- Polyoxymethylene (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Post-consumer plastic waste (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Prallzerkleinerungsverfahren (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Produkteffizienz (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrolyzed plant waste (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Raman (1)
- Rechtssetzung (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recycability (1)
- Recyclability (1)
- Recyclable (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling-by-design (1)
- Recyclingdüngemittel (1)
- Recyclingfähigkeit (1)
- Recyclinggranulat (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Relative agronomische Effizienz (RAE) (1)
- Renewable (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Renewable adjuvants (1)
- Renewable source (1)
- Repair (1)
- Reparierbarkeit (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Resources (1)
- Ressortforschung (1)
- Ressourcen (1)
- Ressourcenschonung (1)
- Retentat (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Ringversuch P-Gehalt in Klärschlamm (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Robot path planning (1)
- Robot-assisted thermography (1)
- Röntgenfluoreszenz (1)
- Rückgewinnung (1)
- SWIR (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Schadstofftransfer (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schweißen (1)
- Science (1)
- Sciences (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sekundärrohstoff (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Sensor-based sorting (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Setzmaschine (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Sorting (1)
- Stalwerksschlacke (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Steinergänzungsmörtel (1)
- Stoffstromanalyse (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Strength (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Supplementary cementititous materials (1)
- Surface group analysis (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tannic acid (1)
- Technology-critical elements (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermochemische Prozesse (1)
- Thermodynamik (1)
- Thermoplastic matrix (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermosetting resin (1)
- Time-gated Raman-Spektroskpie (1)
- Ton (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Tracer-based sorting (1)
- Tragfähigkeit (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- Vegetationsversuche (1)
- Versuchskampagne (1)
- Verwertung Bodenmaterial (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- WUP (1)
- Wasserstoffplasma (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wiederholbarkeit (1)
- Wiederverwertung (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- Workability (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- Zentrat (1)
- Zentrifugalsortierer (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zinnschlacken (1)
- biodegradation (1)
- circular economy (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- hydrothermale Behandlung (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- leichte Gesteinskörnung (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- poröse Granulate (1)
- soil (1)
- thermochemische Behandlung (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ökdoesign (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (240)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (179)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (72)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (55)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (37)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (30)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (19)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (16)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (11)
- S.3 Ökodesign und Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (11)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Infrared thermography using a focused (spot or line) beam has proved to be effective for detection of surface breaking cracks on planar samples. In this work, we use the same principle, but applied to complex shaped components, like a rail section, a gear, and a gas turbine blade. We use a six-axis robot arm to move the sample in front of our thermographic setup. Several scanning paths and thermographic parameters are explored: scanning speed, density of points in each scanning slice, laser power and camera frame-rate. Additionally, we explore semi-automatic evaluation algorithms for crack detection, as well as 2D-to-3D registration of the found indications.
The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2.
The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
Thermochemische Aufarbeitung von Stahlwerksstäuben und -schlämmen zur Zink- und Eisenrückgewinnung
(2024)
Stahlwerksstäube und -schlämme enthalten in der Regel Schwermetalle wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium, die ein direktes Recycling verhindern und diese Stoffe potenziell umweltgefährdend machen. Um diese Schwermetalle aus den Materialien zu entfernen, werden drei thermochemische Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Gichtgasschlamm, Elektroofenstaub und ähnlichen Stahlwerksstäuben vorgestellt. Zum einen kann die Mischung von Elektroofenstaub mit chloridhaltigen Lösungen, wie sie z. B. in der Titandioxidproduktion anfallen, gemischt werden, um bei der thermischen Behandlung Schwermetallchloride zu effektiv verdampfen. Weiterhin kann der im Gichtgasschlamm enthaltene Kohlenstoff genutzt werden, um in Mischungen aus Gichtgasschlamm und Elektroofenstaub bei der thermischen Behandlung als Reduktionsmittel zu wirken. Dieses Verfahren führt zur Rückgewinnung von Zink und metallischem Eisen und wird im Technikums- und Pilotmaßstab erprobt. Abschließend wird die Nutzung von Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel für Elektroofenstaub vorgestellt. Hierbei lässt sich der Reststoff potenziell klimaneutral in Eisenschwamm umwandeln, wobei die chemischen Grundlagen anhand von DTA-Experimenten und thermodynamischen Simulationen ergründet werden.
Rotschlamm fällt in sehr großen Mengen bei der Herstellung von Aluminiumoxid an und wird fast ausschließlich deponiert. Es wird eine neue Technologie vorgestellt bei der das im Rotschlamm enthaltene Eisenoxid mittels Wasserstoffplasma reduziert wird. Es wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus über Titanomagnetit und Hercynit vorgeschlagen.
Nondestructive testing of gas turbine blades is essential for their maintenance and service process which is critical to ensure both safety and efficiency of these highly stressed parts. In this presentation, a novel ultrasonic testing method is explored in order to acquire part thickness information in the turbine blade’s airfoil. In established industry processes, the measurements are mainly carried out manually and only at a few specific positions of the inspected parts. The proposed method scans the part using a robot arm guiding an ultrasonic array sensor. For ultrasonic coupling to the complex-shaped surface geometry, the inspected part and sensor are immersed into water. A two-step TFM[1, 2] (Total Focusing Method) approach is used to reconstruct the outer and inner surfaces subsequently from the ultrasonic raw data, which are acquired using the FMC[3] (Full Matrix Capture) measurement principle. For each sensor position, the location and geometry of the outer surface is first identified and then used to create an image of an area inside the material. From that image, the inner surface is reconstructed. Finally, part thickness information is deducted from merging location data of inner and outer surface. The result is a high resolution, high precision mapping of the inspected part’s wall thickness.
Im Verbundprojekt R-Rhenania wird eine industrielle Demonstrationsanlage am Standort der Monoverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt der Firma Emter errichtet und im Jahr 2024 den Betrieb aufnehmen. Die vorhandene Rostfeuerung-Monoverbrennung wird so umgebaut, dass ein neues thermochemisches Verfahren integriert werden kann, welches hochwirksame und schadstoffarme Dünger produziert (bis zu 17.000 t/a). Die thermochemischen Produkte werden in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen im ökologischen Landbau auf ihre Düngewirkung getestet. Die Umweltverträglichkeit der Demonstrationsanlage wird untersucht, wie auch die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf weitere Regionen.
Offshore wind energy plays an important role for the desired transition towards a carbon dioxide free industry within the next decades. However, the grounding of the offshore wind plants governs the overall installation process besides bureaucratic bottlenecks.
The application of lightweight principles in steel construction, e.g. the usage dissolved load-bearing structures, so called Jackets foundations, offer great potential in reducing the resource consumption, especially with respect to the needed amount of steel.
In this context this paper focuses on a fully digitalization of the welding manufacturing and as well as testing chain to enable a fully automated manufacturing as well as quality assessment of tubular nodes as key element of Jackets foundation structures. Furthermore, the relationship between the seam shape geometry and resulting fatigue strength is evaluated by numerical methods incorporating bionic principles. It is shown that tubular nodes can be welded fully automatically taking geometry tolerances into account. Moreover, the seam shape could be manufactured as requested by the numerical models which offers great potential for an extended lifetime. Subsequently, the improvements in resource efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions are evaluated by a life-cycle-assessment.
The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed.
In manufacturing, fusion welding processes use a lot of resources, which presents an opportunity to reduce environmental impact. While there is a general understanding of the environmental impact of these processes, it is difficult to quantitatively assess key parameters. This study introduces a welding-specific methodology that uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of fusion welding technologies. Our approach analyses the main parameters that affect the environmental performance of different welding techniques, including traditional methods and additive manufacturing through the Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) process. We integrate real-time resource usage data to offer an innovative framework for directly deriving environmental impacts. This research contributes to optimising welding processes by providing a precise and quantifiable measure of their ecological impact, facilitating the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices.