Circular Economy
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Referierte Publikation
- ja (74) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Phosphorus (10)
- Sewage sludge (8)
- Circular economy (6)
- Bottom ash (5)
- Fertilizer (5)
- Leaching (4)
- Phosphorus recovery (4)
- Wastewater (4)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (3)
- Fertilzer (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Sewage sludge ash (3)
- Soil (3)
- Thermal treatment (3)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (3)
- XANES spectroscopy (3)
- Building and Construction (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recycling fertilizer (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- 2D/3D thermographic registration (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Aromatics (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashes (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- BESSY (1)
- BOFS (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Bushveld Complex (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcined clay (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Cement (1)
- Charring (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromitites (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Climate (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Complex shaped component testing (1)
- Composite recycling (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Crack detection (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EPREL (1)
- ESPR (1)
- EVA (1)
- Ecodesign (1)
- Education (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Emission (1)
- Energy Conversion (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Epoxy resin (1)
- Ersatzbaustoff (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exposure modeling (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Fibre/matrix bonding (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Fluorescent markers (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Food (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene-based material (GBM) (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- Illite (1)
- In situ (1)
- Incineration bottom ash (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Insects (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron speciation (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Macroalgae (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material flow analysis (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Microalgae culture (1)
- Mining (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Nonferrous slag (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Organophosphonate (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Plant Experiment (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Plastic waste recycling (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Poly(L‑lactide) (1)
- Polyesters (1)
- Polyoxymethylene (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Post-consumer plastic waste (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recyclable (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Resources (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Robot path planning (1)
- Robot-assisted thermography (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Sensor-based sorting (1)
- Setzmaschine (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tannic acid (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thermoplastic matrix (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermosetting resin (1)
- Tracer-based sorting (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Vitrimer (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste management (1)
- Waste treatment (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRF (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- biodegradation (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- soil (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (55)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (43)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (21)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (11)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (6)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (5)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (5)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (3)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (3)
- 6 Materialchemie (3)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Infrared thermography using a focused (spot or line) beam has proved to be effective for detection of surface breaking cracks on planar samples. In this work, we use the same principle, but applied to complex shaped components, like a rail section, a gear, and a gas turbine blade. We use a six-axis robot arm to move the sample in front of our thermographic setup. Several scanning paths and thermographic parameters are explored: scanning speed, density of points in each scanning slice, laser power and camera frame-rate. Additionally, we explore semi-automatic evaluation algorithms for crack detection, as well as 2D-to-3D registration of the found indications.
The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2.
The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed.
Acetogenic bacteria produce CO2-based chemicals in aqueous media by hydrogenotrophic conversion of CO2, but CO is the preferred carbon and electron source. Consequently, coupling CO2 electrolysis with bacterial fermentation within an integrated bio-electrocatalytical system (BES) is promising, if CO2 reduction catalysts are available for the generation of CO in the complex biotic electrolyte. A standard stirred-tank bioreactor was coupled to a zero-gap PEM electrolysis cell for CO2 conversion, allowing voltage control and separation of the anode in one single cell. The cathodic CO2 reduction and the competing hydrogen evolution enabled in-situ feeding of C. ragsdalei with CO and H2. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated in first batch processes with continuous CO2 gassing, as autotrophic growth and acetate formation was observed in the stirred BES in a voltage range of −2.4 to −3.0 V. The setup is suitable also for other bioelectrocatalytic reactions. Increased currents and lower overvoltages are however required. Atomically-dispersed M−N−C catalysts show promise, if degradation throughout autoclaving can be omitted. The development of selective and autoclavable catalysts resistant to contamination and electrode design for the complex electrolyte will enable efficient bioelectrocatalytic power-to-X systems based on the introduced BES.
Here, we show that calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) can be directly, rapidly and reversibly converted to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (bassanite) in high salinity solutions (brines). The optimum conditions for the efficient production of bassanite in a short time (<5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) > 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T > 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T > 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the better-known behaviour of the bassanite phase in low-salt environments. In low-salinity aqueous solutions, bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion does not occur in pure water. Interestingly, the high-salinity transformation of gypsum-to-bassanite has been reported by many authors and used in practice for several decades, although its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures was inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) > 4 M, and T > 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline phase for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios.
AbstractRed mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina, the feedstock for aluminium production1. With about 180 million tonnes produced per year1, red mud has amassed to one of the largest environmentally hazardous waste products, with the staggering amount of 4 billion tonnes accumulated on a global scale1. Here we present how this red mud can be turned into valuable and sustainable feedstock for ironmaking using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction, thus mitigating a part of the steel-related carbon dioxide emissions by making it available for the production of several hundred million tonnes of green steel. The process proceeds through rapid liquid-state reduction, chemical partitioning, as well as density-driven and viscosity-driven separation between metal and oxides. We show the underlying chemical reactions, pH-neutralization processes and phase transformations during this surprisingly simple and fast reduction method. The approach establishes a sustainable toxic-waste treatment from aluminium production through using red mud as feedstock to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from steelmaking.
Fused cement clinker can be produced from molten basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) by way of a reductive thermochemical treatment. During the thermochemical treatment, oxidic iron is reduced to metallic iron and separated. The resulting low-iron slag has a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker. In this study, the hydraulic reactivity of the fused clinker from BOFS with and without gypsum was investigated using isothermal calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, in situ X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a synthetic fused clinker without foreign ions and fused clinker produced by a mixture of both materials was studied. The hydraulic reaction of the fused clinker from BOFS was considerably slower than that of OPC. However, the reaction can be accelerated by adding gypsum as a sulfate carrier. Furthermore, the results showed an increased reaction rate with decreasing content of foreign ions such as Fe, P or Mn.
Re-melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) results in the accumulation of filter dust from off-gas treatment that predominantly consists of iron and zinc oxides. Filter dust is classified as hazardous waste due to its high contents of potentially toxic or ecotoxic elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, and As. A promising processing route for this waste is selective chlorination, in which the non-ferrous metal oxides are chlorinated and selectively evaporated in form of their respective chlorides from the remaining solids via the process gas flow. Here, we investigate stepwise thermochemical treatment of EAF dust with either waste iron(II) chloride solution or hydrochloric acid at 650, 800, and 1100 ◦C. The Zn and Pb contents of the thermochemically processed EAF dust could be lowered from 29.9% and 1.63% to 0.09% and 0.004%, respectively. Stepwise heating allowed high separation between zinc chloride at the 650 ◦C step and sodium-, potassium-, and lead-containing chlorides at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the lab-scale results were transferred to the use of an experimental rotary kiln highlighting the possibilities of upscaling the presented process. Selective chlorination of EAF dust with liquid chlorine donors is, therefore, suggested as a potential recycling method for Zn-enriched steelworks dusts.
Knowledge representation in the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant (consistent) and variant (context-specific) knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this paper, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is presented. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics. Additionally, it demonstrates how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds. Moreover, the research highlights how to fuel it with real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations with continuously automated industrial applications.