Circular Economy
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (154)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (97)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (33)
- Posterpräsentation (32)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Forschungsbericht (5)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (2)
- Tagungsband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (204)
- Deutsch (135)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
- Polnisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Recycling (32)
- Phosphor (20)
- Circular economy (17)
- Klärschlamm (17)
- Rostasche (16)
- Phosphorus (15)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (14)
- Phosphorus recovery (14)
- Mauerwerkbruch (13)
- Sewage sludge (13)
- Soil (12)
- Bottom ash (11)
- Leaching (10)
- Fertilizer (9)
- Klärschlammverordnung (9)
- Rohstoffliches Recycling (9)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (8)
- Gichtgasschlamm (7)
- LIBS (7)
- BOFS (6)
- CFK (6)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (6)
- Fertilzer (6)
- Hydraulic reactivity (6)
- Nährstoffe (6)
- PLSR (6)
- Papierasche (6)
- Pyrometallurgy (6)
- Scandium (6)
- Sewage sludge ash (6)
- Wastewater (6)
- XANES spectroscopy (6)
- Zement (6)
- Ökodesign (6)
- Circular Economy (5)
- Elektroofenstaub (5)
- Gypsum (5)
- Klärschlammasche (5)
- Lichtbogenofen (5)
- Moisture (5)
- NIR (5)
- PAK (5)
- Portland Cement (5)
- Poröse Granulate (5)
- Pyrometallurgie (5)
- Ressourceneffizienz (5)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (5)
- Ringversuch (5)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (5)
- Sustainability (5)
- Tantal (5)
- Zink (5)
- Alite (4)
- BBodSchV (4)
- Boden (4)
- Carbon Fibers (4)
- Construction and demolition waste (4)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (4)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (4)
- Düngemittel (4)
- Dünger (4)
- Ecodesign (4)
- Electric arc furnace dust (4)
- Environment (4)
- Environmental evaluation (4)
- Grain size (4)
- LD-Schlacke (4)
- Lightweight concrete (4)
- Makronährstoffe (4)
- Masonry rubble (4)
- Nassaufbereitung (4)
- Normung (4)
- Phosphat (4)
- RFA (4)
- Recovery (4)
- Red Mud (4)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (4)
- Steelmaking slag (4)
- Tantalum (4)
- Verwertung (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- XRF (4)
- Zinc (4)
- Abfallverbrennung (3)
- Antimony (3)
- Bauxite Residue (3)
- Blast furnace sludge (3)
- Blended cements (3)
- Bodenmaterial (3)
- CDW processing (3)
- Cabonfasern (3)
- Calcined clays (3)
- Carbonfaser (3)
- Cement (3)
- Chemometrics (3)
- DGT (3)
- Ecotoxicity (3)
- Electric Arc Furnace (3)
- Ersatzbaustoff (3)
- Flame retardancy (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Landwirtschaft (3)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (3)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnung (3)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnungen (3)
- Lifetime (3)
- Lysimeter (3)
- Mantelverordnung (3)
- Metrology (3)
- PCA (3)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Recycling fertilizer (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- Rotschlamm (3)
- Selective chlorination (3)
- Sensor (3)
- Steelmaking (3)
- Thermal treatment (3)
- Thermochemisch (3)
- Waste management (3)
- Waste treatment (3)
- X-ray diffraction (3)
- AbfKlärV (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Abwasserbehandlung (2)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Agronomic performance (2)
- Agronomische Effizienz (2)
- Alkali-activated materials (2)
- Alkalien (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Ammonium (2)
- Analytik (2)
- Antimon (2)
- AshDec (2)
- Ashdec (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Bassanite (2)
- Baustoffrecycling (2)
- Bio-based concrete (2)
- Brick clays (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- CDW recycling (2)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Carbide formation (2)
- Carbon feeding (2)
- Chemical admixtures (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Copper (2)
- Corrosion (2)
- Cr(III) complex (2)
- DED-Arc (2)
- Data fusion (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Dry treatment (2)
- Durability (2)
- Dye (2)
- EDXRF (2)
- Education (2)
- Epoxy resin (2)
- FITC (2)
- Filterstaub (2)
- Flame retardant (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Green and sustainable chemistry (GSC) (2)
- Heavy metal removal (2)
- Incineration bottom ash (2)
- Infrared spectroscopy (2)
- Insects (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leichtbeton (2)
- Life Cycle Assessment (2)
- Lightweight aggregates (2)
- MSWI bottom ash (2)
- Materials (2)
- Medical diagnostics (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Mineralwolle (2)
- Monoverbrennung (2)
- Monoverbrennungsanlage (2)
- NDT (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Nanosensor (2)
- Nitrification inhibitor (2)
- Nutrient (2)
- Online (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- P-Recyclingdünger (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Polysaccharides (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Ratiometric (2)
- Recycling aggregates (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Reduction process (2)
- Repair mortar (2)
- Reparability (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Reststoffe (2)
- Rheology (2)
- SCALE (2)
- Scattering (2)
- Secondary Recources (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Setzmaschine (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Soil P species (2)
- Soil-like material (2)
- Sorption (2)
- Special issue (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Speichermaterial (2)
- Struvit (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Supplementary cementitious materials (2)
- Sustainability assessment methodologies (2)
- TCE (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Thermochemical treatment (2)
- Tricalcium-silicate (2)
- Tricalciumsilikat (2)
- Vitrimer (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- XANES (2)
- Zementersatz (2)
- Zementklinker (2)
- Zinnschlacke (2)
- Zitronensäure (2)
- pH (2)
- 2D/3D thermographic registration (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Africa (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Alit (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Aquatische Toxizität (1)
- Arc welding (1)
- Aromatics (1)
- Ashes (1)
- Assay (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Aufbereitungstechnik (1)
- Aufgelöste Tragstrukturen (1)
- Auslaugverfahren (1)
- Automated welding (1)
- BESSY (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bau- und Abbruchabfälle (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Bio-P-Kläranlage (1)
- Bio-based (1)
- Bio-composite (1)
- Bio-flame retardant (1)
- Bio-polymer (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocomposite (1)
- Biokunststoff (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Bodenfilter (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Brown Coal Fly Ash (1)
- Building industriy (1)
- Bushveld Complex (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CO2 footprint (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcined clay (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbonation resistance (1)
- Carbonbeton (1)
- Carbonfasern (1)
- Cement and concrete (1)
- Charring (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemische Löslichkeit (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromitites (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleavable probe (1)
- Climate (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Complex shaped component testing (1)
- Composite recycling (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Crack detection (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- Cyclodextrin (1)
- DGT-Methode (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Dichtesortierung (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EPREL (1)
- ESPR (1)
- EU-Recht (1)
- EVA (1)
- Earth (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Elutionsverhalten (1)
- Emission (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (1)
- Energy Conversion (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Epoxy (1)
- Ermüdungsfestigkeit (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffverordnung (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Exposure modeling (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Extraktionen (1)
- Extraktionsversuche (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Fatigue life (1)
- Feedstock recycling (1)
- Fertigung (1)
- Feuchte (1)
- Fibre/matrix bonding (1)
- Filtermaterial (1)
- Fire behaviour (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Flotation (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Fluorescent markers (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Food (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- Fusion welding (1)
- Fällmittel (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- Gasturbines (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Gesteinskörnungen (1)
- Gipsabfälle (1)
- Gipsrecycling (1)
- Gleichwertigkeit Messverfahren (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene-based material (GBM) (1)
- Green Deal (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Grenzfläche als Material (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum recycling (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrothermale Synthese (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- Illite (1)
- Illitic clays (1)
- In situ (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrielles Abwasser (1)
- Information modelling (1)
- Infraleichtbeton (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Internetplattform (1)
- Intumescence (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron speciation (1)
- Jacket foundations (1)
- Jig (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kenaf fiber (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Klärschlammdüngung (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kumulierter Energieaufwand (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- LCA (1)
- Landwirtschaftliche Klärschlammverwertung (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Lebensmittelindustrie (1)
- Lehm (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Leichtgranulat (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Lightweight aggreagtes (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (LWA) (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Lignite Coal (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Load-bearing (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MIC (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Macroalgae (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Marktüberwachung (1)
- Material cassification (1)
- Material classification (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material flow analysis (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Materialeffizienz (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Mauerwerk (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Microalgae culture (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (1)
- Mineralogie (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mmoisture (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- NDE (1)
- Nachhaltigheit (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nanomaterialien (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neutralammoniumcitrat (1)
- Neutralammoniumnitrat (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Nonferrous slag (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Offshore Wind energy (1)
- Offshore Windenergie (1)
- On-Line Analyse (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- Online-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Online-RFA-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organophosphonate (1)
- Overhaul (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-Recyclate (1)
- P-Rückgewinnung (1)
- P-Senken (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Permeat (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Pflanzenverfügbarkeit (1)
- Pflanzenwurzel (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phasenzusammensetzung (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphor-Rückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorbestimmung (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Plant Experiment (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Plastic waste recycling (1)
- Plastikstrategie (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Poly(L‑lactide) (1)
- Polybutylensuccinat (PBS) (1)
- Polyesters (1)
- Polyoxymethylene (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Post-consumer plastic waste (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Prallzerkleinerungsverfahren (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Produkteffizienz (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrolyzed plant waste (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Raman (1)
- Rechtssetzung (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recycability (1)
- Recyclability (1)
- Recyclable (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling-by-design (1)
- Recyclingdüngemittel (1)
- Recyclingfähigkeit (1)
- Recyclinggranulat (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Relative agronomische Effizienz (RAE) (1)
- Renewable (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Renewable adjuvants (1)
- Renewable source (1)
- Repair (1)
- Reparierbarkeit (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Resources (1)
- Ressortforschung (1)
- Ressourcen (1)
- Ressourcenschonung (1)
- Retentat (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Ringversuch P-Gehalt in Klärschlamm (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Robot path planning (1)
- Robot-assisted thermography (1)
- Röntgenfluoreszenz (1)
- Rückgewinnung (1)
- SLAMD app (1)
- SWIR (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Schadstofftransfer (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schweißen (1)
- Science (1)
- Sciences (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sekundärrohstoff (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Sensor-based sorting (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Sorting (1)
- Stalwerksschlacke (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Steinergänzungsmörtel (1)
- Stoffstromanalyse (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Strength (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Supplementary cementititous materials (1)
- Surface group analysis (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tannic acid (1)
- Technology-critical elements (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermochemische Prozesse (1)
- Thermodynamik (1)
- Thermoplastic matrix (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermosetting resin (1)
- Time-gated Raman-Spektroskpie (1)
- Ton (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Tracer-based sorting (1)
- Tragfähigkeit (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- Vegetationsversuche (1)
- Versuchskampagne (1)
- Verwertung Bodenmaterial (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- WUP (1)
- Wasserstoffplasma (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wiederholbarkeit (1)
- Wiederverwertung (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- Workability (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- Zentrat (1)
- Zentrifugalsortierer (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zinnschlacken (1)
- biodegradation (1)
- circular economy (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- hydrothermale Behandlung (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- leichte Gesteinskörnung (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- poröse Granulate (1)
- soil (1)
- thermochemische Behandlung (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ökdoesign (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (243)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (179)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (75)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (56)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (37)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (30)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (19)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (17)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (13)
- S.3 Ökodesign und Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (11)
Paper des Monats
- ja (4)
Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass die Setzmaschinentechnik eine geeignete Methode ist, um Brechsande aus gemischten Bauabfällen aufzubereiten. Die Trennung des Materials in zwei Stoffströme unterschiedlicher Dichte hat sich mit einer Absenkung um 56% besonders effizient in der Reduzierung von PAK Belastungen im Feststoff erwiesen. Auch die Sulfatlast im Produktstrom wurde durch den Prozess im Vergleich zum Aufgabegut um 29% gesenkt. Neben der Erhöhung des Median Partikeldurchmessers durch Klassierungseffekte, ist die Herabsetzung verschiedener Eluatparameter ebenfalls positiv zu bewerten. Dies bezieht sich zum einen auf die elektrische Leitfähigkeit, die nach EBV von RC-3 auf RC-1 aufgewertet wurde und zum anderen auf die Chromkonzentration, die von RC-2 auf die Stufe RC-1 angehoben wurde. Die vorliegenden Aufbereitungsergebnisse erlaubten jedoch nicht eine Gesamteinordnung des Materials als Ersatzbaustoff oberhalb der Klasse RC-3. Hierzu ist eine weitere Absenkung der Eluatwerte für Sulfat um 25% von RC-3 (1325 mg L-1) auf RC-2 (< 1000 mg L-1) und des PAK-15 Wertes um 4% von RC-3 (8.3 µg L-1) auf RC-2 (< 8.0 µg L-1) erforderlich. Eine detaillierte Optimierung der Prozessparameter der Setzmaschinentechnik könnten diesen Spielraum ermöglichen.
This study explores the acceleration of material design in the concrete industry, focusing on improving carbonation resistance, a key factor in the durability of concrete structures. Traditional tests for carbonation resistance are lengthy, but with the construction industry aiming for sustainable production, finding a balance between carbonation resistance and CO2 footprint is crucial. Our research employs two innovative methods: 1. Applying the Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery (SLAMD), an AI materials design framework, to an extensive dataset of real-world concrete compositions to selectively test materials that meet market demands: maximum durability, optimal eco-durability, and the best cost-durability trade-off. 2. Investigating 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry as a quick alternative for characterizing carbonation behavior, as it saves time compared to traditional tests and assesses the complete material's pore space. Specific NMR features are then integrated into the material design model, with the model's performance compared against traditional approaches. The results of our study are compelling, demonstrating that materials can be precisely tailored to meet specific requirements with minimal data points. This marks a significant stride in the concrete industry, indicating that NMR-based, low-fidelity surrogate characterizations, combined with a focused, data-driven design approach, can substantially accelerate the development of durable, sustainable concrete mixtures.
Im Rahmen eines vom Umweltbundesamt geförderten Forschungsprojekts wurde untersucht, ob die Abtrennung der Feinfraktion (0-2 mm) eine Verbesserung der umweltrelevanten Eigenschaften bewirkt und somit HMVA-1 erreicht werden kann. In Deutschland wird die Rostasche durch Nassentschlackungssysteme aus dem Feuerraum ausgetragen. Durch den Kontakt mit Wasser setzen direkt hydraulische Reaktionen ein, die eine vollständige Abtrennung der Feinfraktion unmöglich machen. Das wurde bereits in den 1990er Jahren erkannt und führte zur Entwicklung des ABB InRec Verfahrens mit Trockenentaschung als ersten Verfahrensschritt. Auch damals war das Ziel eine möglichst inerte Rostasche für die Verwertung zu erzeugen. In den letzten Jahren wurden in der Schweiz Trockenentaschungssystem installiert, hier vor allem um die Rückgewinnung von elementaren Metallen auch in der Feinfraktion zu verbessern. Welche Potenziale sich dabei erschließen lassen, wurde in einem anderen UBA-Projekt untersucht. Im Rahmen unserer Arbeiten wurde versuchsweise trockene Rostasche an einer Anlage in Süddeutschland genommen und im Labor untersucht. Im Vortrag werden die Ergebnisse zum Auslaugverhalten und zur Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (Ökotoxizität) vorgestellt.
The use of ashes from municipal solid waste incineration as secondary building materials is an important pillar for the circular economy in Germany. However, leaching of potential toxic elements from these materials must be at environmentally acceptable levels. Normally, a three-month ageing period immobilizes most hazardous heavy metals, but antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) showed previously unusual leaching. In order to clarify the mechanisms, we analyzed the Sb and V species in various bottom and fly ashes from municipal waste incineration by XANES spectroscopy. Antimony oxidizes from Sb(+ III) species used as flame retardants in plastics to Sb(+ V) compounds during waste incineration. However, owing to the similarity of different Sb(+ V) compound in the Sb K- and L-edge XANES spectra, it was not possible to accurately identify an exact Sb(+ V) species. Moreover, V is mainly present as oxidation state + V compound in the analyzed ashes. However, the coarse and magnetic fraction of the bottom ashes contain larger amounts of V(+ III) and V(+ IV) compounds which might enter the waste incineration from vanadium carbide containing steel tools. Thus, Sb and V could be critical potential toxic elements in secondary building materials and long-term monitoring of the release should be taken into account in the future.
Infrared thermography using a focused (spot or line) beam has proved to be effective for detection of surface breaking cracks on planar samples. In this work, we use the same principle, but applied to complex shaped components, like a rail section, a gear, and a gas turbine blade. We use a six-axis robot arm to move the sample in front of our thermographic setup. Several scanning paths and thermographic parameters are explored: scanning speed, density of points in each scanning slice, laser power and camera frame-rate. Additionally, we explore semi-automatic evaluation algorithms for crack detection, as well as 2D-to-3D registration of the found indications.
The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2.
The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
Thermochemische Aufarbeitung von Stahlwerksstäuben und -schlämmen zur Zink- und Eisenrückgewinnung
(2024)
Stahlwerksstäube und -schlämme enthalten in der Regel Schwermetalle wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium, die ein direktes Recycling verhindern und diese Stoffe potenziell umweltgefährdend machen. Um diese Schwermetalle aus den Materialien zu entfernen, werden drei thermochemische Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Gichtgasschlamm, Elektroofenstaub und ähnlichen Stahlwerksstäuben vorgestellt. Zum einen kann die Mischung von Elektroofenstaub mit chloridhaltigen Lösungen, wie sie z. B. in der Titandioxidproduktion anfallen, gemischt werden, um bei der thermischen Behandlung Schwermetallchloride zu effektiv verdampfen. Weiterhin kann der im Gichtgasschlamm enthaltene Kohlenstoff genutzt werden, um in Mischungen aus Gichtgasschlamm und Elektroofenstaub bei der thermischen Behandlung als Reduktionsmittel zu wirken. Dieses Verfahren führt zur Rückgewinnung von Zink und metallischem Eisen und wird im Technikums- und Pilotmaßstab erprobt. Abschließend wird die Nutzung von Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel für Elektroofenstaub vorgestellt. Hierbei lässt sich der Reststoff potenziell klimaneutral in Eisenschwamm umwandeln, wobei die chemischen Grundlagen anhand von DTA-Experimenten und thermodynamischen Simulationen ergründet werden.