Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (307) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (179)
- Deutsch (126)
- Mehrsprachig (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (307)
Schlagworte
- Korrosion (22)
- Mikroplastik (22)
- Microplastics (21)
- TED-GC/MS (19)
- Biocides (15)
- Zink (15)
- MIC (14)
- Antimicrobial resistance (13)
- Corrosion (12)
- Atmosphärische Korrosion (11)
- Deckschichtbildung (10)
- Runoff (10)
- Biofilm (9)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (9)
- Polymer 3R (9)
- Circular Economy (8)
- Deponie (8)
- Leaching (8)
- Risk assessment (8)
- TED-GC-MS (8)
- Antimicrobial coating (7)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (7)
- Gelartige Elektrolyte (7)
- Nano (7)
- Normung (7)
- Evolution (6)
- Fluorescence (6)
- Kupfer (6)
- Methanogens (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Bacteria (5)
- Bauprodukte (5)
- Black fungi (5)
- Disinfection (5)
- Emission (5)
- Genetics (5)
- Mikroplastik-Analytik (5)
- Ressourceneffizienz (5)
- Ringversuch (5)
- VOC (5)
- Analytik (4)
- Biofilms (4)
- Carbon steel (4)
- Dye (4)
- Ecotoxicity (4)
- Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (4)
- Fungus (4)
- Korrosionsuntersuchungen (4)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (4)
- Materialeffizienz (4)
- Melanin (4)
- NIR (4)
- Nanomaterial (4)
- OECD (4)
- Quantum dot (4)
- Reference materials (4)
- Tolerance (4)
- Trinkwasser (4)
- Ökodesign (4)
- Archaea (3)
- BBodSchV (3)
- BEMMA (3)
- Beton (3)
- Biorezeptivität (3)
- Böden (3)
- Calibration (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Geokunststoffe (3)
- Glutaraldehyde (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Heterogeneity (3)
- ICP-MS (3)
- ILC (3)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (3)
- LA-ICP-MS (3)
- Light (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Nanomaterials (3)
- Nanoparticle (3)
- Nanopartikel (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- PAK (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Pigments (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Rechtssetzung (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Referenzmaterial (3)
- Resistance (3)
- Risikobewertung (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- SWIR (3)
- Schwermetalle (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Transformation (3)
- Advanced Materials (2)
- Aerosol (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (2)
- Architecture (2)
- Assay (2)
- Behördenklausurtagung (2)
- Beschleunigte Alterung (2)
- Bewitterung (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Biocide (2)
- Biocide tolerance (2)
- Bioreceptivity (2)
- Black fungus (2)
- Bodenmaterial (2)
- Bundesoberbehörden (2)
- CCS (2)
- CCU (2)
- Chemical durability (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Cross-resistance (2)
- DIN 50929-3 (2)
- Deckschichtwiderstand (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- EPREL-Produktdatenbank (2)
- EU-Energielabel (2)
- Ecodesign (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Emission reference materials (2)
- Environment (2)
- Environmental Simulation (2)
- Extremotolerance (2)
- Fassade (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Fungi (2)
- Geogitter (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Glass (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- Hygiene (2)
- InP (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Knufia petricola (2)
- Korrosionsprüfung (2)
- Kulturgut (2)
- Kunststoffrasen (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Lifetime (2)
- Low melting (2)
- Luft (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- Materials emissions test (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microplastics standardisation (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Museum (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Nanocrystal (2)
- Nanomaterialien (2)
- Olivine (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Polypropylen (2)
- Polystyrol (2)
- Probennahme (2)
- Produkteffizienz (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Quantitative NMR (2)
- RFA (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Reifenabrieb (2)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Stress (2)
- Test guideline (2)
- Thermoanalytical methods (2)
- Tire wear particles (2)
- UHPC (2)
- VOC-Emissionen (2)
- Verwertung (2)
- WIPANO (2)
- Waschmaschine (2)
- XRF (2)
- fungus (2)
- melanin (2)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- AFB1 (1)
- AIS (1)
- AMR (1)
- ASE (1)
- Abdichtungssystem (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Academia (1)
- Adaptive functions (1)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adsorber (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Aged particles (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Algae (1)
- Algea (1)
- Altlasten (1)
- Amorphous silica particles (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Apanteles carpatus (1)
- Arbeitsschutz (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- Atmospheric Corrosion (1)
- Atmospheric conditions (1)
- Auslagerungsversuch (1)
- Auslagerungsversuche (1)
- Auswaschung (1)
- Auswaschversuche (1)
- Automated single cell-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Automatization (1)
- BEMMA Bewertung (1)
- BFR (1)
- BPA (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Barcoding (1)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (1)
- Bauproduktenverordnung (1)
- Bead (1)
- Begasung (1)
- Beleuchtung (1)
- Bestandserhaltung (1)
- Bestrahlung (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Bewehrungen aus Kunststoff (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Biodiesel (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biofilmbildung (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Biozid (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Bisphenols (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Bodenanalytik (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Building products (1)
- Building vibration (1)
- CCUS (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 quality (1)
- COST (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CUSP (1)
- Calcium sulfates (1)
- Capability (1)
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Certificaion Schemes and Labels (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemical resistance (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chromstahl (1)
- Circular economy action plan (1)
- Cleavable probes (1)
- Comparative test (1)
- Condensation (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Conductometry (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Copper (1)
- Corrosion prevention (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Corrosion resistant materials (1)
- Corrosion testing (1)
- Corynetes caeruleus (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Cryo milling (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- DSLT (1)
- Dangerous goods (1)
- Data evaluation (1)
- Data stores (1)
- Data structuring (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Deponietechnik (1)
- Deschichtwiderstand (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Desinfektion (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dichtungskontrollsystem (1)
- Diffusibler Wasserstoff (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Dipstickassay (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Doping (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Droplet corrosion (1)
- Durability (1)
- E. coli (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EN 16516 (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Ecotoxicological Assessment (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Electrochemical Titration (1)
- Electrothermal Vaporization (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Elutionsverhalten (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emissionskammer (1)
- Emissionsmessungen (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Encoding (1)
- Energieeffizienz (1)
- Energielabel (1)
- Engineered Nanomaterials (1)
- Engineered living materials (1)
- Engineered nanomaterials (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Ergebnisunsicherheit (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Expansion joint (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FAME (1)
- FPIA (1)
- Fassadenfarbe (1)
- Fassadenfarben (1)
- Façade (1)
- Feuerverzinkt (1)
- Fibers of textile origin (1)
- Field exposure studies (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluoruos Systems (1)
- Forschungsförderung (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Freibewitterung (1)
- Freibewitterungsprüfung (1)
- Freisetzung und Transfer von Schadstoffen (1)
- Functionalized Nanomaterials (1)
- Funktionalisierung (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GUI (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Green deal (1)
- Greenwashing (1)
- Grey water (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Größenbestimmung (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- H2020 (1)
- HDPE (1)
- HDPE geomembrane (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Harmonisation in microplastics (1)
- Hausbock (1)
- Haushaltsgeräte (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- High-resolution MS (1)
- Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl S960QL (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hygienische Bewertung (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hyper-arid (1)
- ILC on detection methods (1)
- IPM (1)
- ISO (1)
- ISO 8407 (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Innenraum (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Interlaboratory (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iron isotope fractionation (1)
- Joint sealing (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Korosi (1)
- Korrosionsschutz (1)
- Korrosionsuntersuchungen in Böden (1)
- Korrosionsüberwachung (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie (1)
- Kunststoffschweißen (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Laboratory experiments (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Landfill liner (1)
- Lanthanide nanoparticle (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Laser diffraction (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leak detection (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Luftschadstoffe (1)
- MAG-Schweißen (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MBA (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- Marble (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Material efficiency (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Mesocrystal (1)
- Metabolites (1)
- Metallabgabe (1)
- Metallene Werkstoffe (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Method (1)
- Method comparison (1)
- Method development (1)
- Methodenentwicklung Böden (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbial induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced corrosion (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic fibre release (1)
- Microplastic mass (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microplastics in soil (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- Mikroplastik Böden (1)
- Milling (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Museumsvitrine (1)
- Museumsvitrinen (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- Nachwärmung (DHT) (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanoscale luminescent reporters (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Nichtrostender Stahl (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Normungsroadmap (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nucleation (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Old nanocrystal (1)
- Optical Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical assays (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organotin compounds (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- PAH (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PE (1)
- PFAS (1)
- PFC (1)
- PLA (1)
- PM (1)
- PS (1)
- Paints (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle sensors (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Passivity (1)
- Passivität (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Per- und Polyfluoroierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) (1)
- Performance testing (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pilz (1)
- Pipeline (1)
- Planetary surface (1)
- Plastic (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- PlasticEurope (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymer in fuels (1)
- Polymer size (1)
- Polymerblend (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Process-spectroscopy (1)
- Product labelling (1)
- Produktdatenbank (1)
- Produktdesign (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Prüfrichtlinie (1)
- Quantum dots (1)
- REACH (1)
- RME (1)
- RUSEKU (1)
- Radon (1)
- Rainfall simulator (1)
- Raman (1)
- Recyclinkgfähigkeit (1)
- Regelwerk (1)
- Regulations (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Reparierbarkeit (1)
- Resistance evolution (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Ressortforschung (1)
- Ringversuche (1)
- Road run-off (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SRB (1)
- Safe-by-Design (1)
- Schadensursachen (1)
- Schadstoffaustrag (1)
- Schadstofftransfer (1)
- Schimmel (1)
- Schutzschichten (1)
- Schutzwirkung (1)
- Schweißeigenspannungen (1)
- Schweißverfahren (1)
- Schädling (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selektion (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silica and Polystyrene Particles (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single crystal (1)
- Single particle-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Size (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Spaltkorrosion (1)
- Speziierungsanalyse (1)
- Spheroid (1)
- Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standard test samples (1)
- Standardproben (1)
- Straßentunnel (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO2 (1)
- Surface Group Analysis (1)
- Surface Modification (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface analytic (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surface group analysis (1)
- Surface group quantification (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability Assessments (1)
- Sustainable-by-Design (1)
- TED (1)
- TEKKEN-Test (1)
- Tauchtest (1)
- Technologietransfer (1)
- Termite (1)
- Test Guideline (1)
- Testverfahren (1)
- Textile company (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermische Analyse (1)
- Thermogravimetry (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- Titration (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Toxicology (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transformation Products (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Trinkwasser-Installation (1)
- Trinkwasserinstallation (1)
- UV (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV exposure (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-Bestrahlung (1)
- UV-Bestrahlungsstärke (1)
- Ultrakurze Laserimpulse (1)
- Umgebungseinflüsse (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- Validation (1)
- Vergleichsversuche (1)
- Vitrinen (1)
- WUP (1)
- Washing machine (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrissbildung (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment plant (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wärmedämmverbundsystem (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinküberzüge (1)
- Zirkuläre Wirtschaft (1)
- ZnO nanorods (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- gelartige Elektrolyte (1)
- genetics (1)
- hygienische Bewertung (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- light (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- plant pathogen (1)
- qNMR (1)
- signaling (1)
- virulence (1)
- µ-contact printing (1)
- Ökdoesign (1)
- Ökobilanzierung (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (155)
- 6 Materialchemie (59)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (58)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (55)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (44)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (42)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (35)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (34)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (33)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (32)
Es lässt sich feststellen, dass eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten freigesetzt werden kann. Hierbei gibt es in den meisten Bauproduktgruppen sowohl emissionsarme als auch emissionsreiche Produkte.
Manche Verbindungen sind produktgruppenspezifisch; so werden beispielsweise Siloxane aus Silikondichtmassen freigesetzt, andere Verbindungen sind eher unspezifisch wie Formaldehyd und Essigsäure, die aber in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen aus einer Vielzahl von Produkten abgegeben werden und zu den am häufigsten emittierten Verbindungen zählen.
Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass VOC-Analytik und Gerüche im Allgemeinen keinen Zusammenhang zeigen.
Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichem Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen.
Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d 1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful immissions inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially high concentrations of organic acids, which can emit from e.g. sealing materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure witch is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. textiles, plastics, sealing material, coatings and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. The BEMMA scheme is not a guarantee for an emission free display case, but a necessary requirement for the choice of suitable materials for emission and immission reduced display cases.
Antimicrobial surfaces have broad use in multiple settings including touch surfaces in hospitals, implanted devices, or consumer products. Their aim is to support existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which might drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In my presentation, I will highlight the risks and knowledge gaps associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes including evolution by de novo mutations and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed onto antimicrobial surfaces. The latter process has the potential to select for antibiotic resistance via cross-resistance between traits that confer resistance to both the antimicrobial surface coating and antibiotics. Conditions in which antibiotics and antimicrobial coatings are present simultaneously (e.g. implants) will lead to more complex interactions that can either result in the selection for or against antibiotic resistance. We mapped these interactions between several antimicrobials and antibiotics on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological (i.e. synergy and antagonism) and evolutionary (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity) combination effects. Understanding these interactions opens the door to tailor therapeutic interventions to select against resistance. In additions, we need new methods and translational studies that investigate resistance development to antimicrobial surfaces under realistic conditions. Therefore, I will present recent developments in our lab on the development of such a method based on existing efficacy standards.
Selection of resistance in bacteria grown on antimicrobial surfaces in a multidrug environment
(2018)
Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: antimicrobial coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Our goal is to determine how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays. Gaining a better understanding about resistance development and spread in persistent biofilm infections will enable us to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.
Here, we will discuss our first findings on the effects of combinations of the carbapenem drug meropenem and various antimicrobials.
Materials are key for our modern communities. In particular metals play important roles in all areas of our daily life - from building materials to high tech products.
Due to the increasing consumption of metals and corresponding waste production, an elevated release into the environment takes place. Furthermore, metals in direct contact with the environment undergo corrosion leading to a release into the (aquatic) environment. Thus, lifespan of products/buildings are substantially reduced – hence unnecessary economic costs arise. Thus, research in this regard is needed within the force field of metal/material - environment.
Evaluating the environmental impact of materials as well as developing “safe” materials, new analytical methods are highly needed. One promising powerful tool is single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for multi-elemental analysis on a single cell/organism level.
Within this presentation the concept, strength as well as challenge of single cell-ICP-MS are briefly introduced. Two application examples are presented: (i) assessing the environmental impact of metals and (ii) the impact of the environment on metal-based materials and the derivation of potential environmental-friendly material protection strategies. These applications highlight the strength of new analytical approaches to explore the durability and safety of newly developed materials. Thus, analytical chemistry is one corner stone to transformation of modern society into circular economy (CEco).
(i) Diatoms are located at the bottom of the food chain. Thus, toxicological relevant metals taken up by diatoms possibly accumulate within the food web causing harmful effects. Diatoms are common test system in ecotoxicology. To investigate potential metal uptake and effects, we developed an on-line single cell-ICP-ToF-MS approach for multi-elemental diatom analysis. Our approach is a new potential tool in ecotoxicological testing for metal-based materials.
(ii) Next to classical corrosion processes, microorganisms are responsible for so called microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is a highly unpredictable process relying on interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface. Sheding light on MIC processes and derivate potential protection strategies, we applied single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for MIC research on a single bacteria/archaea level. It turned out that microorganism are taking up particular metals from alloys - thus, single bacteria-ICP-ToF-MS will enable development of corrosion protection strategies.
A fundamental question in ecology is how biodiversity affects ecosystem function. Biodiversity is commonly estimated based on genetic variation. We investigated a new approach that defines and measures biodiversity in complex microbial communities. We used the variation in multiple functionally-relevant, phenotypic traits measured in parallel in single cells as a metric for microbial phenotypic diversity. We studied phenotypic diversity and ecosystem functioning throughout different photosynthetic layers dominated by divergent microbial communities in the gradient of Lago di Cadagno. We determined genetic diversity by 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing and bulk ecosystem functioning (photosynthesis). In addition, we determined phenotypic diversity using single-cell technologies such as nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) correlated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning flow-cytometry. We measured functional trait variation between individuals in 13CO2 fixation, 15NH4+ uptake, and variation in physio-morphological cell traits, such as cell size, shape, and auto-fluorescence for various pigments related to photosynthesis. We used the distances between individuals in a multidimensional trait space to derive phenotypic trait-based diversity indices, such as trait richness, trait evenness, and trait divergence. We find that phenotypic trait divergence associates with ecosystem functioning, whereas genetic diversity does not. Including activity-based, single-cell phenotypic measurements with NanoSIMS provided an additional accuracy to the trait-based diversity assessment and allowed us to formulate hypotheses on the mechanisms that shape the correlation between phenotypic diversity and eco-system function. Together, our results show that phenotypic diversity is a meaningful concept to measure microbial biodiversity and associate it with ecosystem functioning.
A fundamental question in ecology is how biodiversity affects ecosystem function. Biodiversity is commonly estimated based on genetic variation. We investigated a new approach that defines and measures biodiversity in complex microbial communities. We used the variation in multiple functionally-relevant, phenotypic traits measured in parallel in single cells as a metric for microbial phenotypic diversity. We studied phenotypic diversity and ecosystem functioning throughout different photosynthetic layers dominated by divergent microbial communities in the gradient of Lago di Cadagno. We determined genetic diversity by 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing and bulk ecosystem functioning (photosynthesis). In addition, we determined phenotypic diversity using single-cell technologies such as nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) correlated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning flow-cytometry. We measured functional trait variation between individuals in 13CO2 fixation, 15NH4+ uptake, and variation in physio-morphological cell traits, such as cell size, shape, and auto-fluorescence for various pigments related to photosynthesis. We used the distances between individuals in a multidimensional trait space to derive phenotypic trait-based diversity indices, such as trait richness, trait evenness, and trait divergence. We find that phenotypic trait divergence associates with ecosystem functioning, whereas genetic diversity does not. Including activity-based, single-cell phenotypic measurements with NanoSIMS provided an additional accuracy to the trait-based diversity assessment and allowed us to formulate hypotheses on the mechanisms that shape the correlation between phenotypic diversity and eco-system function. Together, our results show that phenotypic diversity is a meaningful concept to measure microbial biodiversity and associate it with ecosystem functioning.
Organotin compounds (OTCs) have been widely used in anti-fouling paints, pesticide formulations, and as stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride over the past century. In marine ecosystems, OTCs can cause severe damage to biodiversity, leading up to the extinction of vulnerable species. Due to the extensive use of tributyltin (TBT) as a biocide on ship hulls, it has been considered one of the most hazardous substances intentionally introduced into the aquatic environment. This resulted in a global ban on TBT-containing products in the 2000s. However, recent studies indicate the emerging presence of organotin pollutants.
OTCs are known to persist and accumulate in marine sediments, posing a long-term threat to the environment. These harmful substances can be set free and dispersed even after several decades. Therefore, analyzing sediment probes is imperative for a thorough monitoring of pollution. However, species-specific analysis of OTCs at required concentration levels in complex environmental matrices remains challenging. Chromatographic systems are commonly used for their analysis, but the required sample preparation is time-consuming and prone to contamination and analyte loss. The coupling of electrothermal vaporization and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP-MS) demonstrates high potential as a rapid, convenient, and chemical-saving scanning tool for environmental samples.
This method enables the direct on-line fractionation of organic compounds from an inorganic fraction and provides element-specific detection at ultra-trace levels without complex sample preparation. Since OTCs are generally more toxic than ionic or elemental tin, analyzing them as a sum parameter is advantageous. Additionally, the determination of both organic and inorganic tin, rather than just organic tin, reveals valuable information about the fate of OTCs. The main challenge in obtaining accurate quantitative data using direct solid sampling techniques like as ETV/ICP-MS is applying a suitable calibration strategy. Our isotope dilution approach overcomes matrix effects in ETV/ICP-MS analysis and is compatible with commercial systems.
Der mitteleuropäische Mensch hält sich 80 – 90 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Je nach Aktivität atmet er 10 – 20 m³ bzw. 12 - 24 kg Luft täglich, das ist weit mehr als das Doppelte der Summe an Essen und Trinken. Die technischen Voraussetzungen für die Bestimmung von Emissionen aus Bauprodukten in die Luft liegen vor – harmonisierte horizontale Prüfnorm EN 16516. Es dürften mittlerweile zig-tausende Emissionsdatensätze vorliegen. Defizite gibt es bei der Kennzeichnung zur Unterscheidung emissionsarmer und emissionsreicher Produkte, die bestehende CE-Kennzeichnung ist unvollständig, ersatzweise gibt es nationale Regelungen.
Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichen Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen.
Dem Fachbeirat Bodenuntersuchungen des BMBF/UBA wurden Ergebnisse aus BISp-Forschungsvorhaben zur Untersuchung der Stofffreisetzung aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis sowie zur Modellierung des Schadstofftransfers auf dem Pfad Boden-Grundwasser vorgestellt. Dabei wurde auch auf die derzeitigen gesetzlichen Regelungen auf EU Ebene und die vorhandenen Anforderungen in der Normung eingegangen. Der verbliebene Forschungsbedarf wurde aufgezeigt und dabei auch die Problematik der Bildung von Mikroplastik im Zusammenhang mit Sportböden thematisiert.
By tracing sustainability impacts along the supply chain, certification schemes and labels are crucial to unlock the potential of bio-based systems in achieving several SDGs. However, the rapid proliferation of certification schemes and labels led to questioning their effectiveness and robustness and to what extent they deliver important outcomes, in line with sustainability policy priorities. The STAR4BBS project develops indicators and a monitoring system for assessing the effectiveness and robustness of existing certification schemes and labels, applicable to biological feedstock and bio-based materials and products.
To investigate the attachment behavior of bacteria, tailored surfaces are needed. Differences in the chemical charge of the substrate are varied by -COO-, -CH3, -OH, -NH3 terminated functional groups. Regular patterns of them on the surfaces enable bacteria to choose their preferred attachment sides. Tools to tailor the samples are µ-contact printing, self-assembled monolayers and physical vapor deposition. The same concept of preferred sides in patterned surfaces is transferred to the nano- and microroughness which is accomplished by using zinc oxide nanorods synthesis.
The particle size distribution is considered the most relevant information for nanoscale property identification and material characterization. The current OECD test guideline on particle size and size distribution (TG 110) is not applicable to ‘nano-sized’ objects. In this project we thus develop a new OECD test guideline for the measurement of the size and size distribution of particles and fibers with at least one dimension in the range of 1 - 1000 nm. A fiber is defined as an object having an aspect ratio of length/diameter l/d >3. The width and length of each fiber should be measured concurrently.
In order to measure the particle size distributions, many techniques are available. 9 methods for particles and 2 methods for fibres have been tested in a prevalidation study and appropriate methods will be compared in an interlaboratory round robin test starting in February 2019.
Gegenstand des Projekts ist die Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polycarbonat, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polystyrol und Polypropylen zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden, die es gestatten, Schnellprüfverfahren zu etablieren, die die Simulation der realen Beanspruchungen im Zeitraffermodell anwendbar machen. Somit sollen standardisierbare Schnellbeanspruchungs-verfahren erarbeitet werden, die als Prüfeinrichtungen etabliert werden und von externen Auftraggebern zur Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von neuen Materialien genutzt werden können. Die Umweltwirkungen (chemisch-physikalisch und mikrobiologisch) sollen so definiert eingesetzt werden, dass eine reproduzierbare Prüfung möglich wird. Aus diesen Verfahren und Methoden sollen Normen abgeleitet werden, die eine standardisierte Materialprüfung ermöglichen.