S Qualitätsinfrastruktur
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (127)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (36)
- Forschungsbericht (25)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (22)
- Posterpräsentation (7)
- Sonstiges (5)
- Buchkapitel (2)
- Dissertation (1)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (154)
- Deutsch (69)
- Mehrsprachig (2)
- Italienisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Digitalization (30)
- Certification (29)
- Konformitätsbewertung (27)
- COVID-19 (26)
- Conformity assessment (26)
- Quality infrastructure (24)
- Testing (22)
- Digital transformation (21)
- Laboratory (21)
- Qualitätsinfrastruktur (21)
- Standards (21)
- Conformity assessment body (20)
- Calibration (19)
- TIC (19)
- Accreditation (17)
- Digitalisierung (17)
- Ökodesign (15)
- Benchmarking (14)
- Circular Economy (14)
- Zertifizierung (14)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (13)
- Quality Infrastructure (13)
- Akkreditierung (11)
- Energy label (11)
- ISO/IEC 27001 (11)
- Normung (11)
- Ressourceneffizienz (11)
- Corona (10)
- Ecodesign (10)
- Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (10)
- Heat pump (9)
- Patents (9)
- Publications (9)
- Conformity Assessment (8)
- Energieeffizienz (8)
- Prüfung (8)
- QI-FoKuS (8)
- Circular economy (7)
- Information security (7)
- Prüflaboratorien (7)
- Standardization (7)
- Additive Fertigung (6)
- Digitaler Reifegrad (5)
- Energy efficiency (5)
- Kalibrierung (5)
- Lithium (5)
- Managementsysteme (5)
- Normen (5)
- Policy making (5)
- Web Mining (5)
- COMAR (4)
- Coefficient of performance (4)
- Compensation method (4)
- EPTIS (4)
- Industrie 4.0 (4)
- Information Security (4)
- Load-based testing (4)
- Machine learning (4)
- Management system standard (4)
- Materialeffizienz (4)
- Quality-X (4)
- Qualitätsmanagement (4)
- Qualitätssicherung (4)
- Resilience (4)
- Resilienz (4)
- Safety (4)
- Seasonal performance (4)
- Standardisation (4)
- Technological innovation system (4)
- Testing laboratories (4)
- Zertifizierungsstellen (4)
- Additive manufacturing (3)
- Air conditioner (3)
- Cybersecurity (3)
- Digitale Transformation (3)
- EFQM Excellence Modell (3)
- EU Energy Labelling (3)
- Energy Labelling (3)
- Fuel cell vehicles (3)
- Heat storage (3)
- Hydrogen economy (3)
- Hydrogen fueling station (3)
- IETF (3)
- IIoT (3)
- ISO/IEC 17025 (3)
- Informationssicherheit (3)
- Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (3)
- Labor (3)
- Management system standards (3)
- Metabuilding Labs (3)
- Open Innovation Test Bed (3)
- Pandemic (3)
- QI-Cloud (3)
- Rechtssetzung (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Reparability (3)
- Resource efficiency (3)
- Screening (3)
- Smart standard (3)
- Technological innovation system (TIS) (3)
- Technology interaction (3)
- Testbed (3)
- Total Quality Management (3)
- Wasserstofftankstelle (3)
- Wireless Sensor Networks (3)
- digitale Transformation (3)
- Abgasanlage (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (2)
- Agile (2)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (2)
- Battery (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Cooking fume extractor (2)
- Country comparison (2)
- Crisis (2)
- Culture (2)
- Cybersecurity Act (2)
- Cybersicherheit (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Digital certificate (2)
- Dunstabzugshauben (2)
- Durability (2)
- Dynamic Test Method (2)
- Dynamic test method (2)
- Dynamische Prüfung (2)
- EPREL-Produktdatenbank (2)
- ESPR (2)
- EU-Energielabel (2)
- EU-Recht (2)
- Electronics (2)
- Energieeffizeinz (2)
- Energielabel (2)
- Energy Label (2)
- Energy policy (2)
- Energy-Label (2)
- Europäische Kommission (2)
- Fuel Cells (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- GLOBE (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- Gasetagenheizungen (2)
- Green and sustainable chemistry (GSC) (2)
- Gute wissenschaftliche Praxis (2)
- Heizkessel (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- Hydrogen Trade (2)
- Hydrogen safety (2)
- ICT development index (2)
- ISO 9001 (2)
- IT-Security (2)
- International diffusion (2)
- Inverter-type Air Conditioner (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Knowledge and Technology Transfer (2)
- Knowledge and technology transfer (2)
- Konformitätsbewertungsstelle (2)
- Laboratorium (2)
- Lebensdauer (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Management System Standard (2)
- Management Systeme (2)
- Market surveillance (2)
- Marktüberwachung (2)
- Marktüberwachung Onlinehandel Webcrawler (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Material efficiency (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Preventive innovations (2)
- Produkteffizienz (2)
- Proficiency testing (2)
- QI (2)
- Quality Management (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- RM and PT (2)
- Range hood (2)
- Real Use Behavior (2)
- Reparierbarkeit (2)
- Research and innovation (2)
- Resources (2)
- Round Robin Test (2)
- Round robin test (2)
- Schornstein (2)
- Seasonal Performance Factor (2)
- Smartphone (2)
- Special issue (2)
- Standing Losses (2)
- Statistical Analysis (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Sustainability assessment methodologies (2)
- Technological Innovation System (2)
- Technology Gap Theory (2)
- Testumgebung (2)
- Tumble dryer (2)
- Wärmepumpen (2)
- 1-dimensional, (1)
- 3D-Printing (1)
- AAS (1)
- AFM (1)
- Adoption (1)
- Agility (1)
- Aging (1)
- Air Conditioner (1)
- Air Conditioners (1)
- AlPO4-5 (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic spectrometry (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Befragung (1)
- Behavioural change (1)
- Beleuchtung (1)
- Bioeconomy (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Catena-X (1)
- CdSe/ZnS quantum Dots (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Certificaion Schemes and Labels (1)
- Certificate (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Circular Bio-based Economy (1)
- Circular economy action plan (1)
- Circularity (1)
- Circumvention (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Comparative life cycle assessment (1)
- Confined water (1)
- Confromity Assessment (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Cooper (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Data Spaces (1)
- Datenräume (1)
- Datenökosystem (1)
- Depth profiles (1)
- Digital Layer (1)
- Digital Maturity (1)
- Digital Maturity Scores (1)
- Digital Technologies (1)
- Digital maturity (1)
- Dynamic method (1)
- EFQM Excellence Model (1)
- EPREL (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- EURAS (1)
- Ecological scarcity method (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Emerging technologies (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energy Efficiency (1)
- Energy labelling (1)
- Environment (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Fast single pulse response (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fettabscheidegrad (1)
- Fluorine (1)
- Front-runner (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GDOES (1)
- Gaia-X (1)
- Gas condensing boiler (1)
- Getränkekühler (1)
- Global hydrogen market (1)
- Glow-discharge (1)
- Governance indicators (1)
- Green deal (1)
- Greenwashing (1)
- HR-CS-AAS (1)
- HT22 (1)
- Haushaltsgeräte (1)
- HeLa (1)
- Heat Pumps (1)
- High-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometer (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Human serum (1)
- Hydrogen Standards (1)
- Hydrogen and fuel cell technology (1)
- Hydrogen policies (1)
- Hydrogen supply (1)
- Hydrophobic confinement (1)
- Hyperlinks (1)
- ICT (1)
- ISO 14001 (1)
- ISO 50001 (1)
- ISO CASCO (1)
- Identification (1)
- Impact of standards (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- Independent test method (1)
- Indicators (1)
- Industrial internet of things (1)
- Information security management system (ISMS) (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovation system (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inspection (1)
- Inspektion (1)
- Institutional theory (1)
- Intellectual property rights (IPR) (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Internetplattform (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Inverter-type air conditioner (1)
- Isotope dilution (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Knowledge Use (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie (1)
- Kundenaudit (1)
- Kühlmöbel (1)
- LA-ICP-SFMS (1)
- LCA (1)
- LCC (1)
- Laboratorien (1)
- Li-ion battery (1)
- Life-cycle assessment (1)
- Life-cycle costing (1)
- Lithium isotope (1)
- Load profile (1)
- Load-Based Test Method (1)
- Management science and operations research (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Manufacturing-X (1)
- Messunsicherheit (1)
- Methodenentwicklung (1)
- Metrology in chemistry (1)
- Micro heat and power generation (1)
- Minimum energy performance standards (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Multidimensional hydrogen technology adoption (1)
- Multidimensional technology adoption (1)
- NAPE (1)
- NAPE Project (1)
- NAPE-Project (1)
- NSO-Heterozyklen (1)
- Nachhaltigheit (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Neutron scattering (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Normungsroadmap (1)
- O3BET (1)
- Oil mist (1)
- Open innovation test bed (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organizational resilience (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Preventive Innovation (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Process development (1)
- Product labelling (1)
- Produktdatenbank (1)
- Produktdesign (1)
- Produktprüfungen (1)
- Proficiency Testing (1)
- Proficiency testing (PT) (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1)
- Prüfwesen (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Push and pull effects (1)
- Quality Assurance (1)
- Quality management (1)
- Quantitative bioimaging (1)
- Real use behavior (1)
- Reallabor (1)
- Recycability (1)
- Recyclability (1)
- Recyclingfähigkeit (1)
- Recyclinkgfähigkeit (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference materials (RM) (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Removal efficiency (1)
- Research agenda (1)
- Residential application (1)
- Resource-based-view (1)
- Ressortforschung (1)
- Ressourcen (1)
- Ringversuch (1)
- Robust certification schemes (1)
- Round Robin Trial (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (1)
- Seasonal performance factor (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single-family house energy supply system (1)
- Smart Standard (1)
- Smart manufacturing (1)
- Social acceptance (1)
- Social sustainability (1)
- Socio-technical Transition (1)
- Standardization research (1)
- Stratification (1)
- Studie (1)
- Supermarktkälte (1)
- Sustainability Assessments (1)
- Sustainability Certificaiton Schemes (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Technological innovation (1)
- Technology Adoption (1)
- Test standard (1)
- Testing Methods (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Unternehmensbefragung (1)
- Variable frequency drive (1)
- Verbraucherschutz (1)
- Verification (1)
- WUP (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Water adsorption (1)
- Water dynamics (1)
- Web mining (1)
- Wäschetrockner (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Zertifikat (1)
- Zirkuläre Wirtschaft (1)
- air conditioner (1)
- battery aging mechanism (1)
- current collector corrosion (1)
- depth profiles (1)
- energy label (1)
- pL-droplets (1)
- policy making (1)
- test method (1)
- Ökdoesign (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (226)
- S.2 Digitalisierung der Qualitätsinfrastruktur (126)
- S.3 Ökodesign und Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung (76)
- S.1 Qualität im Prüfwesen (20)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (14)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (9)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (5)
- 1.3 Instrumentelle Analytik (5)
- P Präsident (5)
- P.0 Präsident und andere (5)
- S.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (5)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (3)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (3)
- 7.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (3)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (3)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (2)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (2)
- VP Vizepräsident (2)
- VP.1 eScience (2)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (1)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (1)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (1)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (1)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (1)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (1)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (1)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (1)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (1)
- 6 Materialchemie (1)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (1)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (1)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (1)
- 9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren (1)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (1)
- 9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz (1)
- 9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten (1)
- PST Präsidiale Stabsstelle (1)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
In this work, we employed glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) depth profiling as a fast and semi-quantitative method to investigate the aluminum (Al) current collector degradation in commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) pouch cells with no Al2O3 pretreatment. After battery aging, a heterogeneous deposit was found on the surface of the cathode. Gray hotspot areas within an extensive pale white region were formed. Consistent with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of micro-cross sections milled via targeted focused ion beam (FIB), an Al-containing layer of approximately 3 µm can be observed using GD-OES. We attribute one main cause of this layer is the degradation of the Al current collector. The nonuniform growth of this layer was investigated by performing GD-OES depth profiling at different in-plane positions. We found that the gray area has a higher mass concentration of Al, probably in metallic form, whereas the white area was probably covered more homogeneously with Al2O3, resulting from the inhomogeneous distribution of the pitting positions on the current collector. Compared to FIB-EDX, GD-OES enables a faster and more convenient depth profile analysis, which allows the more productive characterization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and consequently benefits the development of preferable battery materials.
Various microlevel circular economy indicators for assessing sustainability and, partly, additional sustainability characteristics have been developed, but an integrated solution considering the environmental, social, and economic pillars remains a research gap. Method: Based on a multimethod approach, including surveys and the analysis of existing sustainability assessment methodologies and standards, this paper proposes a concept for a multidimensional circular economy indicator tailored to public procurers. It relies on attractive existing building blocks including: the ecological scarcity method, European and international sustainability standards and indicators,and the STAR-ProBio-IAT concept. Results: This article presents the concept of the composite indicator Triple-C, consisting of 20 elements and aimed at facilitating sustainable circular public procurement. It is intended to be incorporated into software that facilitates sustainable product decisions among public procurers in Germany. Conclusions: We propose a generic indicator concept covering all three (environmental, social, and economic) sustainability pillars. More research and additional standards are needed to develop the Triple-C concept further into product-specific applications.
An alternative method for lithium isotope amount ratio analysis based on a combination of high-resolution atomic absorption spectrometry and spectral data analysis by machine learning (ML) is proposed herein. It is based on the well-known isotope shift of approximately 15 pm for the electronic transition 22P←22S at around the wavelength of 670.8 nm, which can be measured by the state-of-the-art high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. For isotope amount ratio analysis, a scalable tree boosting ML algorithm (XGBoost) was employed and calibrated using a set of samples with 6Li isotope amount fractions, ranging from 0.06 to 0.99 mol mol–1, previously determined by a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). The calibration ML model was validated with two certified reference materials (LSVEC and IRMM-016). The procedure was applied toward the isotope amount ratio determination of a set of stock chemicals (Li2CO3, LiNO3, LiCl, and LiOH) and a BAM candidate reference material NMC111 (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2), a Li-battery cathode material. The results of these determinations were compared with those obtained by MC-ICP-MS and found to be metrologically comparable and compatible. The residual bias was −1.8‰, and the precision obtained ranged from 1.9 to 6.2‰. This precision was sufficient to resolve naturally occurring variations, as demonstrated for samples ranging from approximately −3 to +15‰. To assess its suitability to technical applications, the NMC111 cathode candidate reference material was analyzed using high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry with and without matrix purification. The results obtained were metrologically compatible with each other.
The therapeutic dose of lithium (Li) compounds, which are widely used for the treatment of psychiatric and hematologic disorders, is close to its toxic level; therefore, drug monitoring protocols are mandatory. Herein, we propose a fast, simple, and low-cost analytical procedure for the traceable determination of Li concentration in human serum, based on the monitoring of the Li isotope dilution through the partially resolved isotope shift in its electronic transition around 670.80 nm using a commercially available high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. With this technique, serum samples only require acidic digestion before analysis. The procedure requires three measurements—an enriched 6Li spike, a mixture of a certified standard solution and spike, and a mixture of the sample and spike with a nominal 7Li/6Li ratio of 0.82. Lanthanum has been used as an internal spectral standard for wavelength correction. The spectra are described as the linear superposition of the contributions of the respective isotopes, each consisting of a spin-orbit doublet, which can be expressed as Gaussian components with constant spectral position and width and different relative intensity, reflecting the isotope ratio in the sample. Both the spectral constants and the correlation between isotope ratio and relative band intensity have been experimentally obtained using commercially available materials enriched with Li isotopes. The Li characteristic mass (mc) obtained corresponds to 0.6 pg. The procedure has been validated using five human serum certified reference materials. The results are metrologically comparable and compatible to the certified values. The measurement uncertainties are comparable to those obtained by the more complex and expensive technique, isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
Seit September 2015 gelten für neue Heizgeräte EU-weit einheitliche Mindeststandards: Heizkessel müssen mindestens den Standard der Brennwerttechnik erreichen (ausgenommen sind B1-Gasetagenheizungen für Mehrfachbelegung). Wird ein alter Wärmeerzeuger ausgetauscht, muss daher stets der Schornstein für die Abgasabführung im Überdruck geeignet sein und gegen Kondensat ertüchtigt werden, also feuchtebeständig sein. Handelt es sich um eine mehrfach belegte Abgasanlage der Arten C4, C8 oder B3, sind alle am Schornsteinstrang angeschlossenen Gasgeräte betroffen. In einem Expertengremium des DVGW wurden Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet. Einige Lösungsansätze vermeiden einen sofortigen Austausch aller Geräte an einem gemeinsamen Schornsteinstrang.
The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has developed a load-based test method (compensation method) to determine the energy efficency of heat pumps and air conditioners. The method allows for testing with unfixed compressor speed and active control of the unit. Thus, at low part loads the unit under test is allowed to cycle on-off, when the frequency of the compressor drops below its minimum threshold. Therefore, the associated efficiency losses are directly measured and correction calculations as for the current steady state tests become obsolete. In addition, the testing can be performed without the support of the manufacturer by market surveillance authorities, for instance, since no frequency and expansion valve settings are required. To prove that the compensation method is repeatable and reproducible three round robin tests have been organised by BAM.
Current developments in PT
(2021)
COMAR, where do you go?
(2018)
Currently BAM is making efforts to recode COMAR, the database for CRMs and reshape its profile as a database intended for qualitatively top-of-the-market CRMs. These efforts are highlighted and placed into the broad perspective of the international RM markets. A link to EPTIS, the database for PT schemes as a blueprint for the recoding is provided.
Diese Studie soll aufzeigen, wie sich das Akkreditierungswesen in Deutschland über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 25 Jahren entwickelt hat. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und der Deutsche Akkreditierungsrat DAR haben bei dieser Entwicklung wichtige Beiträge geleistet.
Leitmotiv dieser Studie ist eine These des Philosophen Udo Marquard, zitiert im Vorwort der BAM Chronik 1871-1996, „Die neue Welt kann nicht sein ohne die alten Fertigkeiten – Zukunft braucht Herkunft“.
Die Erfahrungen bei der Entwicklung des deutschen Akkreditierungssystems sollen zusammengefasst werden, um Schlussfolgerungen für die Zukunft ableiten zu können, da bisher keine zusammenfassende und überblicksmäßige Darstellung des gesamten Entwicklungsprozesses vorhanden ist.
Ziele dieser Studie sind die Darstellungen
— der Beiträge des deutschen Akkreditierungssystems zur gegenseitigen Anerkennung von Zertifikaten und Prüfberichten in der EU zur Mitgestaltung des gemeinsamen Marktes der EU und zum Abbau internationaler tarifärer Handelshemmnisse,
- der Komplexität von Akkreditierung und Konformitätsbewertungsvorgängen in einzelnen Problemkreisen,
- der Entwicklung des deutschen Akkreditierungssystems von den Anfängen bis zur Tätigkeitsaufnahme der Deutschen Akkreditierungsstelle (DAkkS GmbH) am 1. Januar 2010,
- der Rolle des Deutschen Akkreditierungsrates (DAR) (04.03.1991 bis 31.12.2009) anhand wichtiger Eckdaten und Hauptergebnisse aus seinem Präsidium und den vier Ausschüssen, ATF DAR-Ausschuss für Technische Fragen AIZ DAR-Ausschuss für Internationale Zusammenarbeit AZ DAR-Ausschuss für Zusammenarbeit gesetzlich geregelter und gesetzlich nicht geregelter Bereich ABT DAR-Ausschuss für Begutachtertraining
- der Wege zum Finden eines nationalen Konsenses mit mehreren privaten und staatlichen Akkreditierungsstellen, um eine einheitliche Außenvertretung in internationalen Gremien zu gewährleisten,
- der ständigen Bemühungen um enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen gesetzlich nicht geregeltem und gesetzlich geregeltem Bereich,
- der Aktivitäten und Ergebnisse, um zu einem einheitlichen deutschen Akkreditierungssystem zu gelangen, der Rolle der BAM
im deutschen Akkreditierungswesen, der Entstehung des BAM-Akkreditierungssystems (BAS) und seine Überleitung in das Deutsche
Akkreditierungssystem Prüfwesen (DAP),
- der Führung der Geschäftsstelle des DAR und des Akkreditierungsbeirats (AKB) des Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) (2006 bis 2009 und ab 2010)
- der Tätigkeiten des BAM-Evaluierungsausschusses.
The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
Webcrawler
(2019)
Outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a crucial role in determining attachment behavior and pathogenicity of bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a simple procedure for anchoring bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polystyrene (PS) microparticles as a model system for in situ attachment studies. By using a swellcapture methodology, commercially available LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 27316 serotype 10.22) was anchored onto PS microparticles in a proof-of-concept study. A detailed chemical and morphological characterization has proven the success of LPS incorporation. It was shown that the coverage and structure of the LPS film was concentration dependent. The procedure can easily be adapted to LPS of other bacterial strains to generate a synthetic model toolkit for attachment studies.
The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed.